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Circles
Circles
One Shot
Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT Patna
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Circles
CIRCLE
Locus of a point in a plane whose distance from a fixed point (called
centre) is always constant (called radius).
C(a, b)
Equation of Circles
If Centre and Radius is given
Equation of circle whose centre is (a, b) and radius = r is given by
C(a, b)
Find the centre & radius of the circle whose equation is
1) x2 + y2 - 4x + 6y + 12 = 0
1) x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y - 20 = 0
PYQ
For the four circles M, N, O and P, following four equations are given :
Circle M : x2 + y2 = 1
Circle N : x2 + y2 - 2x = 0
Circle O : x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 = 0
Circle P : x2 + y2 - 2y = 0
If the centre of circle M is joined with centre of the circle N, further
centre of circle N is joined with centre of the circle O, centre of circle O
is joined with the centre of circle P and lastly, centre of circle P is joined
with centre of circle M, then these lines from the sides of a :
B. Square
C. Rectangle
D. Parallelogram
The diameter of the circle, whose centre lies on the line x + y = 2 in the first
quadrant and which touches both the lines x = 3 and y = 2, is ____
A. 13
D. 25
Equation of Circle if 3 points are given
on it
(x2, y2)
(x1, y1)
(x3, y3)
JEE Adv. 2021
Equation of Circle in Diameter Form
(x2, y2)
(x1, y1)
Find the equation of the circle, the coordinates of the end points of
whose diameter are (-1, 2) and (4, -3)
Intercepts made by
circle
Intercepts made by a circle on the axes :
Intercepts made by a circle on the axes :
PYQ
A circle touching the x-axis at (3, 0) and making an intercept of length 8
on the y-axis through the point :
A. (3, 10)
D. (1, 5)
Parametric Coordinates of
Circle
Parametric Coordinates of a circle :
C (a, b)
Let A(1, 4) and B(1, -5) be two points. Let P be a point on the circle (x - 1)2 + (y - 1)2
= 1 such that (PA)2 + (PB)2 have maximum value, then the points P, A and B lie on :
B. A straight line
C. A hyperbola
D. A ellipse
Parametric coordinates of endpoints of
diameter
(r cos𝜃, r sin𝜃)
C (0, 0)
(- r cos𝜃, - r sin𝜃)
Let PQ be a diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 9. If α and β are the lengths of the
perpendiculars from P and Q on the straight line, x + y = 2 respectively, then the
maximum value of αβ is _
1. Point Form
2. Parametric Form
3. Slope Form
Equation of Tangent: Point Form
T=0
Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 - 30x + 6y + 109 = 0
at (4, -1).
Equation of Tangent: Parametric Form
The equation of a tangent to circle x2 + y2 = a2 at (a cos α, a sin α) is
x cos α + y sin α = a
Equation of Tangent: Slope Form
Find the equation of the tangents to the circle x2 + y2 - 6x + 4y - 12 = 0
which are parallel to the line 4x + 3y + 5 = 0
PYQ
The line 2x - y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to the circle at the point (2,5) and the
centre of the circle lies on x - 2y = 4. Then, the radius of the circle is :
B. 5√3
C. 5√4
D. 4√5
PYQ
If a line, y = mx + c is a tangent to the circle, (x - 3)2 + y2 = 1 and it is
perpendicular to a line L1, where L1 is the tangent to the circle, x2 + y2 =
1 at the point ; then :
A. c2 - 7c + 6 = 0
JEE Main 2021
B. c2 + 7c + 6 = 0
C. c2 + 6c + 7 = 0
D. c2 - 6c + 7 = 0
Equation of Normal
Equation of normal :
Find the equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 3 = 0 at
the point (2, 3)
The tangent and the normal lines at the point (√3, 1) to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and
the x - axis form a triangle. The area of this triangle (in square units) is :
C. 2 / √3
D. 1 / √3
Length of Tangent and
Power of Point
Length of tangent from external point
P (x1, y1)
Power of Point
P (x1, y1)
P (x1, y1)
Find the length of the tangent drawn from the point (5, 1) to the circle
x2 + y2 + 6x - 4y - 3 = 0
Let the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle,
x2 + y2 - 8x - 4y + 16 = 0 touch it at the points A and B. The (AB)2 is equal to :
B. 56/5
x2 + y2 - 8x - 4y + 16 = 0
C. 64/5
D. 32/5
P (0, 0)
Director Circle
Director circle :
Locus of a point from where two perpendicular tangents can be drawn
to the circle
Director circle :
Find the equation of director circle of the circle (x - 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 2
Tangents from External
Point
Equation of Tangents from External Point
Find the equation of both the tangents drawn to the circle
x2 + y2 - 2x + 4y = 0 from the point (0, 1)
Important Note:
O
P
B
JEE Adv. 2009
Pair of Tangents from
External Point
valid for all conics
Pair of tangents from a point :
Chord of Contact
valid for all conics
Chord of contact :
Eqn of chord of contact is given by T = 0
P (x1, y1)
Eqn of Chord if Midpoint is
given
Equation of the chord with a given middle point :
valid for all conics
Find the equation of pair of tangents from (7, 1) to the circle
x2 + y2 = 25.
JEE Adv. 2012
Chord of Circle
Chord of circle
PYQ
If one of the diameters of the circle x2 + y2 - 2x - 6y + 6 = 0 is a chord of
another circle ‘ C’ whose center is at (2, 1), then its radius is
C. 24√3
D. 26√2
PYQ
If the length of the chord of the circle, x2 + y2 = r2 (r>0) along the line, y
- 2x = 3 is r, then r2 is equal to :
A. 9/5
B. 12
D. 12/5
JEE Adv. 2019
Number of Common
Tangents
Common tangents to two circles :
Common tangents to two circles :
Choose the incorrect statement about the two circles whose equations are given
below :
x2 + y2 - 10x - 10y + 41 = 0 and x2 + y2 - 16x - 10y + 80 = 0
A. Distance between two centres is the average of radii of both the circles.
A. 13/5
B. 120/13
C. 60/13
D. 13/2
The C1 and C2 be the centres of the circles x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y - 2 = 0 and x2 + y2 - 6x -
6y + 14 = 0 respectively. If P and Q are the points of intersection of these circles
then, the area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral PC1QC2 is :
B. 6
C. 9
D. 4
Radical Axis and Radical
Center
Radical axis and radical centre :
The radical axis is the locus of points from which length of tangent to two
circles are equal.
A. (4, -2)
B. (-6, 4)
D. (-4, 6)
If the circles x2 + y2 + 5Kx + 2y + K = 0 and 2 (x2+y2) + 2Kx + 3y – 1=0, (K∈ R),
intersect at the points P and Q, then the line 4x + 5y - K = 0 passes through P and
Q,for :
JEE Main 2021
A. infinitely many values of K
B. no value of K
B. 2√2
C. 2
D. 3√2
A circle touches the y - axis at the point (0, 4) and passes through the point (2, 0).
Which of the following lines is not a tangent to this circle ?
B. 3x - 4y - 24 = 0
C. 3x + 4y - 6 = 0
D. 4x + 3y - 8 = 0
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