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All/Some/Any/Either/Neither/No/None/Most
All
Some
Any + noun (General)
No
Most
All students must study.
All the
Some this, that
Any + of + these/those + noun(s) Special idea.
None my/his
Most her
Most of students are late.
All of the, this, that = All the, this that
He drank a lot of the milk.
All
most it
some + of + you
none them
any us
All of you were young.
Any of them is ready for the exam.
Some/any + Plural noun Несколько
Some books.
Some/any + Uncountable Немного
Some water.
Some is used for positive sentence.
Any is used for negative sentence.
* We can’t use SOME with the following words:
without
hardly some
scarcely + any
barely
I have passed without any difficulties.
Some + Singular noun Какой-то
Some person sent me a message.
Any + Positive sentence Любой
Any person wants to be happy.
Lesson 2
Each/Every
Every – Каждый (Менее индивидуально)
Every student has failed the exam.
Each – Каждый (Индивидуально)
Each student failed.
Every of students.
Each of students.
No/None
*We use no + noun in order to not use negative structures.
I don’t have questions = I have no questions.
*None – we use for short answers.
How much did you get? -None
None + of + Plural Noun/Uncountable Никакой из/Никто из…
После этой структуры правильнее использовать auxiliary verb в ед.ч.
None of the students is ill.
None of the guesses was right.
Some
Any + one/body/thing
No
Someone – кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо
Somebody – кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо
Something – что-то, что-нибудь, что-либо
Anyone – любой, кто угодно
Anybody - любой, кто угодно
Anything – что-угодно, что-либо
No one - никто
Nobody - никто
Nothing – ничто
Someone is knocking my door.
I can expect anything from him.
Somebody/Anybody
Someone/Anyone + else Ещё (Кто-то/Что-то ещё)
Something/Anything
This plan doesn’t work at all, you should reflect on something else.
We should buy anything else.
Anybody else must attend here.
Somewhere
Anywhere + else Где-то ещё
Nowhere
I have seen that man somewhere else.
Those flowers are rare. They grow nowhere else.
Lesson 3
Either/Neither/Both
Both – two out of two;
Either – one of two;
Neither – none.
Both + Plural noun
Either + Singular noun
Neither + Singular noun
Both girls were pretty.
Either phone was ringing.
Neither student learnt words.
Both the, this
Either + of + these, my + noun
Neither his, her
Both of your friends are dope.
Neither of my exs was ugly.
Either of her bfs is Jax.
Both us
Either + of + it, you
Neither them
Both of them are correct.
Either of us will choose.
Neither of you are nice.
Adj/Adv Adj/Adv
Both + noun + and + noun И…..и
verb verb
She is both pretty and nice.
Adj/Adv Adj/Adv
Either + noun + or + noun Или…или
verb verb
Choose either your phone or laptop.
Adj/Adv Adj/Adv
Neither + noun + nor + noun Ни….ни
verb verb
It was neither your brother nor sister.
*Если после “Or/Nor” существительное во множественном числе, то
значит aux. verb тоже должен быть во множественном числе.
Either Nuriddin or his friends are smart.
*А если существительное после “Or/Nor” в единственном числе, значит
aux. verb так же будет в единственном числе.
Either his friends or Nurik is smart.
Lesson 4
Plurals
Слова которые всегда во множественном числе.
Clothes
My clothes are dirty.
The police.
The police are investigating a cruelly-committed crime.
Предметы состоящие из двух частей.
Binoculars – Бинокль (бинокюлер)
Pliers - Щипцы
Glasses - Очки
Scissors - Ножницы
Scales - Весы
Shears – Ножницы; Стрижка
Trousers – Брюки; Штаны
Jeans - Джинсы
Breeches - Брюки
Pants – Брюки; Трусы
Pyjamas – Пижама
Plural с абревиатурами:
MP – MPs – Members of Parliament
VIP – VIPs – Very Important Persons
OAP – OAPs – Old Age Pensioners
UFO – UFOs – Unknown/Unidentified Flying Objects
ID – IDs – Identification Cards
CPA – CPAs - Certified Public Accountants
Lesson 5
Uncountable nouns
Некоторые абстрактные существительные могут быть countable
nouns в определённом значении и использовании с артиклем a/an.
[Help] – Опора (countable noun)
My children are a great help for me.
[Relief] – Чувство облегчения
It was a relief to sit down.
[Fear] – Страх (countable)
[Fear] – Ощущение страха (uncountable)
I have a fear of spiders.
[Knowledge] – Знания чего-то как навык(countable)
I have a god knowledge of math.
dislike
dread
a + hatred + of + noun
horror
love
I have a love of cars.
A hatred of people will get you nowhere.
Hope – ожидание чего-то хорошего
Suspicion – ожидание чего-то плохого
a hope or hopes
a suspicion or suspicions
There are hopes that he is alive
is a pity
was a shame
It + will be + a mercy + that + S + V
would be a wonder
(any singular noun)
It is a pity that you are learning.
It was a mercy that Rauf teacher forgave the punishment.
is a pity
was a shame
It + will be + a mercy + to + V (Это….Сделать что-то)
would be a wonder
(any singular noun/adjective)
Is you
was him
It + will be + adj + for + her + to + Vs Это…для кого-то (сделать)
would be us
me
sm1
It is dangerous for girls to go outside at night.
S + to be/would be + adj + to + Vs
ADJECTIVE: angry, sad, delighted, able/unable, reluctant, sorry,
disappointed, amazed, inclined, liable, astonished, glad, happy, prone,
prepared, tend, pleased, relieved, dismayed, prompt, quick, slow.
It is easy to criticize.
People are tend to lie.
He is very lazy to do it.
Lesson 9
Conditional Sentence
There are 5 types of Conditional Sentences:
1) Type 0
2) Type 1
3) Type 2
4) Type 3
5) Mixed Type (3+2)