EMERGENCY

LIMITATIONS
 LIMITATIONS
GENERAL

Minimum Flight Crew=2

Maximum Operating Altitude=25000ft
Cargo Door Operation= 45 Kts
Taxi - 22970 Kg,T/O - 22800 Kg,L/G - 22350 Kg,ZFW- 20800 Kg
VMO = 250 Knots,MMO = 0.55
VA=175 Knots
Flaps 15 = 185 Knots
Flaps 30 = 150 Knots
VLE = 185 Knots
VLO Ret = 160 Knots
VLO Low = 170 Knots
VWO = 160 Knots
Maximum Tire Speed=165 Kts
Tailwind Limit=15 Knots
Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind On Dry Runway=35 Knots
Reserve Take Off (Rto)=10 Mins
Time Limit Take Off (t/o)=5 Mins
Time Limit Maximum Continuous Thrust (MCT)=None
Time Limit Starter=5 Seconds
Time Limit Transient=5 Seconds
Starter=3 Starts With a 1 Minute 30 Seconds Maximum Combined Starter Running Time,
Followed By 4 Minutes Off
Take Off With Two Or More Failed M FC Modules Is Prohibited
Flaps Retracted = +2.5 To -1g
Flaps Extended = +2.5 To 0g
Gear Down = +2 To 0g
Maximum Rough Air Speed (VRA)=180 Knots
Engine Ground Operations With Crosswind Between 5 And 20 Knots Should Not Exceed
58% TQ
Use Of Np Setting Below 82% In Icing Conditions Is Prohibited.
Holding With Any Flaps Extended Is Prohibited In Icing Conditions (Except For Single
Engine Operations)
AVIONICS VENT EXHAUST MODE FAULT=Underspeed or overheat of extract fan (T >
90 °C / 194 °F)

EMERGENCY LOCATOR
Two modes = auto/ manual
Auto mode = operates at > 5G
Frequency = 121.500 and 243.000 MHZ for 48 hours
GPS frequency = 406.000 MHZ
Location = ceiling of the cabin between the passengers entry door and the toilet
door
Antenna = fairing ahead of the stabilizer fin
Caution: ELT is not to be tested in manual mode
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Hydraulic Oil=Hyjet Iv Or Skydrol Ld 4
Two hydraulic systems= Blue and green
Run by ACW
DC Aux pump = DC Power supply.
Total fluid volume = 9.6L
Normal fluid volume= 9.35L
Low level alert < 2.5L
Normal operating pressure = 3000 PSI
Services operated by blue pump:
 Flaps extension / retraction
 Spoilers
 Nose wheel steering
 Prop bake for R/T
 Emergency and parking brake
Services operated by Green pump:
 Landing gear extension / retraction
 Normal braking
Low Level Alert = Cross-feed use is inhibited (or it will close automatically if was open).
LO PR light < 1500 PSI.
HYD OVHT light = Pump case drain line temp> 121°C,
Condition for DC Aux pump to activate automatically:
 Landing gear lever is down position
 Blue hydraulic pressure < 1500
  Prop brake released
 At least one engine running

FIRE PROTECTION
Red “ENGINE FIRE” illuminates on cap if fire signal is detected by both loops or by one
of the two loops if other one is selected OFF.
NAC OVHT light > 170°C (ground only) for right engine
Fire bottles = 02
Toilet waste bin extinguisher > 78°C.
By Pulling fire handle following will occur:
 Prop Feather
 Fuel Eng LP Vv close
 AIR Bleed & HP Vv close
 DE ICE Deice and isolation Vv close
 ELECT ACW and DC GEN deactivate
 ALERT SQUIB light illuminate

FLIGHT CONTROL
ROLL
Ailerons, elevator & rudders = mechanically activated
Spoilers = hydraulically activated (blue system).
Trim tab = left aileron.
Wheel travel = ± 87°
Aileron travel = 14° down.
Left aileron trim control tab travel = 6.7° up & 6.7° down (30 sec)
Blue spoiler light =spoiler is not in the repeated position
Spoiler = aileron movement upto 2.5°.

PITCH
Each control column mechanically derives the associated elevator.
Pitch uncoupling = “PITCH DISCONNECT” red light on CAP.
Control column travel = 11.25° up & 6.75° down
Elevator travel = 23° up & 13° down.
Elevator trim tab travel = 5° up and 1.5° down.
In case of pitch tabs desynchronization
a. Alert is generated by CCAS
b. Normal& STBY pitch trim control are inoperative
c. AP disconnects.
Stick shakers = one for each control column

Stick pusher = Captain Side only.

Trim actuator actuated > 1 sec = whooler alerts
Pitch trim indicator green arc = 0° to 2.5° up
“CONFIG” warning = pitch trim is not in green range
Stick pusher/ Shaker off = stall warning also lost.
Pitch disconnect (w/o real jamming) =speed limit 180 kts& bank 30°
Pitch trim failure light = difference between the elevator tab >2.5°
YAW
Travel limitation unit (automatically) = ADC ½
Acceleration = 185 kt
Deceleration = 180 kts
YAW damper disengages = 30 Dan/ 66 lbs force is applied on rudder

FLAPS
Type = Single slot
EXT light on flaps position indicator = flaps extended
EXT illuminated after extension of flaps hydraulic oil leakage
Maximum asymmetry at 15° = 9.15°
“Flap unlock” light = flaps retracted by 3°
Note: once the asymmetry occurs, the sequence will stop automatically and alert will
be generated.

AFCS
Go around buttons on PLs = All FD armed and active modes are cancelled
AP disengages.
The ED will commence:
a. Laterally heading hold.
b. Vertically predetermined minimum safe pitch attitude.
The Go around mode in cancelled by:
a. Using TCS
b. STBY pb
c. AP engagement
 d. Selecting a new vertical mode

AUTO PILOT DISENGAGEMENT

Manually
1. Quick release pb on control wheel
2. Action on Pitch trim (normal or Stby)
3. AP pb on AFCS control panel
4. YD pb on AFCS control panel
5. GA pb on PL
6. Pilot force on the paddles over 30 da N (66 Ib)
7. Pilot fore on the control column over 10 daN (22Ib)

ENGINE
Engine parameter(permitted)fluctuation in stabilized flight is:
TQ = ±2%
NP = ±2.5%
ITT = ±05°C
NH = ±0.25%
DC Aux pump runs automatically as soon as:
a. Blue hydraulic pressure below 1500 PSI.
b. Landing gear control lever down.
c. One engine running.
d. Prop brake not engaged.
Note: It stops 15 sec after the end of prop braking sequence.
FUEL SYSTEM
2 x fuel tanks = one electrical & one jet pump (each)
Fuel tank capacity = 2500 kg each
2 x feeder compartments = 160 kg / 200 Lit each
Left feeder compartment is equipped with temp sensor
Fuel low level light = fuel in feeder comptt below 160 kg / 200 ltr
Capacity of surge tank = 100 ltr
Jet pump is activated by HP fuel from HMU & is control by motive flow value.
Each electric pump is able to supply one engine in the whole flight envelop
Electric pump deactivated = jet pump pressure 8.5 PSI
Electric pump activated = 5 PSI.
Fuel X-valve opened = both electric pumps are automatically activated
Electric pump runs automatically once the fuel low level light is illuminated.
Maximum refueling pressure = 50 PSI / 3.5 bar
Refueling can be done through gravity.
Defueling pressure = 11 PSI
Feed low pressure light < 4PSI.
Fuel Clog light once pressure drop > 45 PSI.
Maximum fuel imbalance = 730 kg
Maximum fuel imbalance in S.E = 200 kg
Note: When startup the engine on battery only, the FF & FU indicator will not be
available.
If the QFI test button is pressed during refueling, the refueling will be stopped
and blue lights will goes off.
WEATHER RADAR
Range = 300 NM (in FP mode addition 500 & 1000 mile
are available)
Transmission Sector = 45°on each side
The five different levels / color conditions in weather radar are
Level 0 : Black (not detectable clouds)
Level 1 ; Green (Moderate storm)
Level 2 : Yellow (Less sever storm)
Level 3 : Red (Strong Storm)
Level 4 : Magenta (intense Storm)
Antenna Pitch = 15° up to 15° down.
In GMAP mode the four different levels/ color coding are
Level : Black (No return)
Level 1 : Cyan (Least reflective return)
Level 2 : Yellow (Moderate return)
Level 3 : Magenta (Strong return)
Note: When GAIN rotary switch is pushed the system enters the preset,
calibrated gain mode, but once pulled, the variable gain mode is selected &
then the gain can be changed by rotating the switch.

Power plant
2 x Pratt and whitney = 127 M
Max T/O Power = 2750 SHP
Normal T/O Power = 2475 SHP
Following are mounted on accessory gear box.
DC start / generator
HP Fuel Pump
Oil Pump
Engine cannot be started without battery. Select A + B when doing battery start only.
Ignition system provides exciter A + B regardless of selection. Exciter A + B are
activated automatically if NH drops below 60%.
Max pitch at feather = 78.5°
Min is -14° at reverse.
Conditions for prop brake are
 A/C on ground
 Gust lock engaged
 CL at FTR or fuel S/O
 Blue pressure available
 Control switch selected on
ATPCS arming condition
 Power MGT at T/O
 Both PL above 49°
 Both TQ above 46%
 ATPCS button is pressed in
 A/C on ground
On ground EEC automatically increase fuel flow to maintain NP 70.8% to ensure
availability of ACW.
Never reset flashing EEC light.
ATPCS sequence is triggered when one of the TQ is below 18%.
Up trim is signaled when one of the TQ is below 18% and after 2.15 Sec auto feathering
of the dead engine is done.
At T/O as soon as both landing gear absorbers are released idle gate goes in to prevent
PL below FI in air
At landing once one of the landing gear absorber is compressed the gate is automatically
retracted.

OIL PRESSURE LIMITS

Oil pressure normal 55 – 65 PSI
Oil temperature normal 45 – 125°C
Oil temp. Maximum 140°C for 20 min
If oil pressure < 40 PSI engine oil light will come ‘ON’
Fuel clog light = differential pressure becomes 25 PSI.
Starter is cut at NH = 45%
DC generator ONLINE at NH = 61.5%.
NAC over heat light >170°C.
RTO is limited to 10 mints and ITT = 800°C.
T/O power time limit = 5 mint
MCT is not time limited & ITT = 800°C
Hotel mode ITT <= 715°C
Start Max ITT = 950°C for 5 sec
Max ITT = 840°Cfor 20 sec
106.3% TQ time limit = 10 mints* * NP is below 94%.
ITT during T/O = 765°C.
Oil temp > 45°C *to ensure inlet strut de-icing
Engine ground run with crosswind 5 – 20 kts should not exceed 58% TQ.
Use of NP below 82% in icing condition is prohibited.
Starter limit is 3 starts within 1 mint & 30 sec max combined starter time, followed by 4
mins OFF.
Min fuel (JA1) temp for starting = -34°C
“ “ “ for operation = -48°C
Max temp is 57°C
Max refueling pressure is 3.5 bar/ 50 PSI.
Max fuel imbalance for twin engine = 730 kg
Max fuel unbalance for S.E = 200 kg
Prop synchro works above 70% NP except when power MGT is at T/O.

LANDING GEAR
Landing gear is hydraulically operated
Landing gear cannot be retracted as long as at least one gear shock observer senses
weight on wheel
VLE = 185 KTS
VLO RET = 160 KTS
VLO LOW = 170 KTS
Max TIRE SPEED = 165 KTS GROUND SPEED
 NOSE WHEEL STEERING
1. Powered by = blue hydraulic pressure
2. Nose wheel steering angle = +/- 60 degree and tire deflection = +/- 91 degree

BRAKES
1. Main tires are fitted with fusible plugs which releases internal pressure when
wheel temperature > 177 degree C and the tire is completely flat.
2. Anti skid is actuated when gears are down and lock speed limit is 70 kts
3. Brakes will be released if speed greater than 23 kts and there is a speed
deferential of 50% between RH and LH inboard and RH and LH outboard tire
4. Braking action is inhibited as long as wheel spin up less than 35 kts or 5 sec
after compression which ever is earlier
5. Hot length will illuminate if brakes temp exeeds 150 degree C
6. Anti skid test duration is 3 sec in flight and 8 sec on ground and is inhibited if
speed greater than 17 kts parking brakes are not set

PRESSURIZATION
1. Max diff pressure = 6.35 PSI
Max –ve diff pressure = -0.5 PSI
Max dift pressure for landing = +0.35 PSI
Max dift pressure OVBD valve full = 1 PSI
Max altitude with one bleed off = FL 200
2. Factors affecting Digital controller pressurize:
 Landing elevation
 Take off elevation
  Aircraft static pressure
 Aircraft cabin pressure
3. In Auto mode cabin rate of climb is
550 FT/MIN Till FL 200
620 FT/MIN After FL 200
4. In manual mode cabin rate of change
-1500 FT/MIN to +2500 FT/MIN
5. Dump function is available in auto mode only
6. Cabin rate of descend
Normal -400 FT/MIN
Fast -500 FT/MIN
7. “Excess Cabin ALT” red light on CAP, when cabin altitude is above 10,000 FT
8. Cabin is not pressurized till 3500 FT above field elevation while take off

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
1. Compressed air is bled from LP & HP compressor
2. To deice wing and engine air is bled from HP compressor
3. Bleed valve is automatically closed in the following cases
 Bleed duct over heat
 Bleed duct leak
 Pulling of engine fire handle
 Engine feather at take off
 Prop brake is ON (left bleed only)
4. Cross feed is always open on ground except when both engines are running
and prop brakes are released
 5. Leak light will illuminate if Temp greater than 153 degree C and after 1 sec
delay initiate Pack Valve , bleed Valve , HP Valve and X-Feed (if left loop is
discharge) are closed automatically
6. In case of leak the associated system should not be reset
7. The over heat light will illuminate if bleed duct Temp is greater than 274 degree
C and system can be recovered after cooling time

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

1. Left PACK supplies both cabin & cockpit and right PACK supplies to cabin
only.
2. In case of leak detection pack valve will automatically close.
3. When OVBD valve is full closed than under floor valve is open. Don’t select
OVBD valve full open if pressure is greater than 1 PSI
4. In Auto mode the cabin Temp is maintained keeping in view the following
factors
 Duct Temp
 Associated comportment Temp
 Zone Temp demand selector
5. An OVHT light will illuminate if the duct Temp is greater than 92 degree C
down stream of mixing chamber both the PACK valve will not close. 88C Temp Limit
Closes
6. If duct Temp down stream of PACK compressor greater than 204 , the pack
valve will close automatically
7. A 6 sec delay has been provided on right pack valve for passengers comfort.
8. Air flow normal near 22 psi regulated pressure and High means 30 psi.\
9. Recirc fan fault light will illuminate if fan RPM less than 900 or fan electric
motor over heat condition.
10. Once engine no 1 start sequence is initiated extract fan stop for 120 sec to
avoid pressure shocks

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1. Electrical power generation sources
1* Main Battery
2*DC starter / generator
2*ACW generator
2*External power sources (AC & DC)
2*Static inverter supplied by DC supply system
1*TRU supplied by ACW

DC POWER ----1. BATTERIES

1. 24 V Ni- cd battery , 43 Amp
2. 24 V Ni- cd emergency , 15 Amp
3. Input of TRU is ACW (Bus 2) and out put is DC
 SOURCE MAX LOAD TIME LIMIT
DC GEN 400 A NONE
600 A 2 MIN
800 A 8S
INV 500 VA NONE
575 VA 30 MIN
750 VA 5S
ACW GEN 20 KVA NONE
30 KVA 5 MIN
40 KVA 5S
TRU 60 A NONE
90 A 5 MIN
STARTER / GENERATOR

1. O/P = 12 KW & 400 Amp

2. Voltage = 27-31 V
3. The generator comes online at 61.5 % of NH
4. There are eleven DC buses
 2*main DC buses i.e DC bus 1&2
 Hot main battery & hot emergency Bat bus
 DC Emergency bus
 DC essential bus
  DC standby bus
 Utility bus 1& 2
 DC service bus
 General handling bus
4. GND handling bus is de energized in flight
6. GND handling bus is supplied from DC SVC bus when external power is
available and from hot main BAT bus when external power is not available provided
 Cargo door operating panel door is open
 Refueling panel is open
 DC AUX pump is running
7. External power has priority over AC power
8. TRU supplies DC standby bus , DC essential, DC emergency , INV 1
9. UNDV light illuminate amber if standby DC bus voltage is less than 19.5V

AC CONSTANT FREQUENCY
2*Static invertors
Power 500 VA
O/P voltage 115V & 26V
Frequency 400HZ
Type single phase
AC WILD FREQUENCY
2*ACW Generator
Power 20 KVA
Voltage 115 V & 200 V
Frequency 341-488 HZ
Type 3- phase
ACW SVCE bus is automatically shed when one generator is off line
NP= 70.8% is required for ACW to be line on ground

MFC
1. total 2 computers
2. each computer consists 2 modules
3. MFC 1A & 2A are hard wired logic independent of computation unit.
4. Fault light of MFC illuminates in case of any malfunction of electrical supply
failure

CCAS
1. Engine fire, EXCESS CAB delta, P EXCESS CAB ALT, NAC OVHT &SMOKE
warning lights are not processed by MFC these lights are directly illuminate on CAP
2. There are 4 types of alerts
a. Level 3 ( warning ): its identified by MW + CRC + red light on CAP
b. Level 2 ( Caution ): its identified by MC+ SC + amber light on CAP
c. Level 1 ( Advisories) : only local alerts
d. Level 0 ( information ) : identified by green blue or white light on control panel
3. Level 1 & 0 are not taken into account by MFC

ALERT INHIBITION
1. All CAP amber lights except parking brake , GPWS Fault &Maint panel may be
extinguished by pressing CLR pb on CAP
2. T/O inhibit is cancelled when
 One landing gear is not down &lock
By pressing the RCL pb
5. Stall warning aural alert has the priority over all other aural alert
4. When T/O INHI button is pressed , INHI light illuminates blue , Eng oil & shock
warning lights EFIS comp , parking brake , GPWS fault , Maint panel , Engine for ADC
switch fault alert , FLT CTL (for TLU fault alert or flap asymmetry alert) and associated
aural warnings are inhibited
5. To config test pb checks that
a. Trim in green range
b. Flaps 15 degree
c. TLU low speed
d. Pwr mgt T/O

AIRCRAFT GENERAL
Height = 25.33 feet
Wheel base = 35 feet 4.8 inches
Length = 89 feet 1.5 inches
Wing span = 88 feet 9.5 inches
Cargo door can be opened manually from inside
Left & right emergency exits doors can be opened from inside & out side as well
Emergency lights are powered by DC standby bus and 8 volt battery being charged by
DC standby bus with a lo main capacity
Every 2nd light in the cabin will illuminate when the MIN CAB LT switch is ON provided
battery switch is also ON