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Lesson 1 Basic differentiation rules

 Module 10
Derivatives

Lesson 1

This lesson will discuss the basic differentiation rule or formula. The student need to developed
competency in performing derivative of the function using basic differentiation rule. This competency is
needed in understanding further the other differentiation methods of different type of functions that will
be discussed on the proceeding module. The basic differentiation formulas are:
1. Derivative of Constant
2. Derivative of constant multiple rule
3. Power rule
4. Sum Rule: Derivative of sum of two or more functions
5. Difference Rule: Derivative of difference of two or more functions
6. Product Rule
7. Quotient Rule

At the end of the lesson, the student can:

1. Use and apply the basic differentiation rule.

2. Explain how to use the basic differentiation.
3. Determine and identify which differentiation rule will be used in a given problem.
4. Simplify the equation expressed in simplest form.

Definition of terms

1. Derivative
In a function f(x), given any number x for which the limit exists, we assign to x the number 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).
That,
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim ℎ
ℎ→0

2. Differentiation is the process of finding the derivative of the function.

Note: Please refrain from using the word “derive”. Most of the students used the word derive
instead of derivatives or differentiation. Derivatives is not synonymous to derive.

Notations:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑓
In finding the derivative of a function, any of these notations can be use 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐷(𝑓𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 𝑓(𝑥). All of these notations means the same as the first derivative of the
function. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) means the first derivative of the function. The so-called higher order derivatives will be
discussed later.
 𝑑𝑦
The symbol 𝑑𝑥 is a differentiation operator, it indicates or show that differentiation of a function
has been made. This symbol is being introduced by Leibniz, a German mathematician who introduce
calculus.

Let us now begin understanding the different basic differentiation formulas. First is derivative of
𝑑
constant symbolized by letter c. That, 𝑐 = 0. The derivative of constant be it positive or negative
𝑑𝑥
number, decimal, fraction or whole number is zero (0).

To understand this concept, let us solve the following problems of finding the first derivative of
constant.
𝑑
1. (−102) = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
2. (38.5) = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 3
3. 𝑑𝑥 4
( )=0
𝑑
4. (17) = 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
Next formula is derivative of “x” with respect to x. That is, 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) = 1. How about derivative of y
𝑑 𝑑
with respect to y, 𝑑𝑦 (𝑦) = 1. Another one, 𝑑𝑧 (𝑧) = 1 ? Note that the variable use is not always x since
there are other variables that can be used such as r, s, t and so forth.

The next formula is Power Rule, n is use as exponent

𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) To perform the derivative of power rule, write the exponent n
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
and then write x raised to (n-1) and perform the derivative of x, that is 𝑑𝑥 𝑥.
𝑑 𝑑
In general form 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢) . Common error committed by the student is that of not
𝑑
performing the derivative of u (𝑑𝑢 (𝑢) ).

Now, let us solve the following problems in finding the first derivative of a function.

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 12
𝑑 𝑑
In this problem, power rule (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) will be use in finding the first derivative
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 12
of the function, that is 𝑥 . To solve it following the formula of power rule, write the
𝑑𝑥
exponent n=12 and then write x raised to 12 minus 1 (that is 𝑥 12−1 ) and then find the derivative
𝑑 𝑑
of x, that is 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥). So, the first derivative of the function is 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 12𝑥 12−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) . Note that
 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥) =1 and 𝑥 12−1=11 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑥 11 . Finally, the first derivative of the function is, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
12𝑥 11 .

Rewriting:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 12
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 12 )
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 12𝑥 12−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 12𝑥 11

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 −3
Write 𝑦 ′ = exponent -3, then write x raised to the exponent -3 minus 1, that is 𝑥 −3−1 and
𝑑
perform the derivative of x, 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) . Hence,
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑥 −3−1 (𝑥) that (𝑥) =1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 ′ = −3𝑥 −4 (1)
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑥 −4

Rewriting:
𝑦 = 𝑥 −3
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑥 −3−1 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑥 −4 (1)
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑥 −4

1
3.𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2
1
In this problem there is a constant 4 being the coefficient of 𝑥 4 . To differentiate, the
1 1
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
formula is 𝑑𝑥 𝑐[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) , that is 𝑑𝑥
4(𝑥 2) = 4 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) . To find the first derivative,
1
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
write 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 4 (𝑥 2 ) then follow the formula of power rule, that is (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 (𝑥) .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑑
So that, 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 4 [(2)𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)] . Simplifying the right hand side of the equation, where in
1 1 −1
1 𝑑
4( 2) = 2 , 𝑥 2−1 = 𝑥 −2 and 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) = 1 . Thus, the derivative of the function is 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 .

Rewriting:
1
𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2
1
𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 4𝑥 2
1
𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 4 (𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 )
1
1 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 4 [(2)𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)]
−1
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 2
 3
4. 𝑓(𝑢) = − 4 𝑢5
In this problem the variable use is not x but u. Be reminded that any letter of the english
𝑑 𝑑
alphabet can be use. Just follow the formula (𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
−3 𝑑 5
𝑓 ′ (𝑢) = ( 𝑢 )
4 𝑑𝑢
−3 𝑑 −3 −15 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑢) = 4
[(5)(𝑢5−1 )(𝑑𝑢 (𝑢))] that 4
(5) = 4
and 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢) = 1
−15 4
𝑓 ′ (𝑢) = 4
𝑢 (1)
−15 4
𝑓 ′ (𝑢) = 4
𝑢

Now, moving further with other differentiation rule or formulas.

Sum Rule
The derivative of two or more functions
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

To find the derivative of the sum of two or more functions, find the derivative of the first
function 𝑓(𝑥) and add it to the derivative of the second function 𝑔(𝑥) and so forth.

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
To differentiate y, follow the formula [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) . That
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 1. And for 3𝑥 use 𝑑𝑥 𝑐[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥), that is 3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (1) that 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 (1) = 0. So, 𝑦 ′ = 3(1) + 0 . And finally,
𝑦′ = 3

Rewriting:
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (1)
𝑦 ′ = 3(1) + 0
𝑦′ = 3

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 10
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
To differentiate y, follow the formula [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) . And to
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
differentiate 2𝑥 use 𝑑𝑥 𝑐[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) , that is 2 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥). Thus,
 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) + 2 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (10) to differentiate 𝑥 3 use power rule 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 (𝑥) that
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
is 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) = 3𝑥 3−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥). Hence, 𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 3−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 2(1) + 0 that
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥) = 1
𝑎𝑛𝑑 (10) = 0 . Thus,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
′ 2 (1)
𝑦 = 3𝑥 +2
′ 2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2

Rewriting:
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 10
𝑑
𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 10)
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = (𝑥 3 ) + 2 (𝑥) + (10)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑦′ = 3𝑥 3−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 2(1) + 0
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 (1)
+2
′ 2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2

Difference Rule
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

To find the derivative of the difference of two or more functions, find the derivative of the first
function 𝑓(𝑥) and subtract the derivative of the second function 𝑔(𝑥) and so forth.
Example:
3
1. ℎ(𝑠) = 2𝑠 4 − 5𝑠
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
To differentiate ℎ(𝑠), follow the formula 𝑑𝑥
[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] =
𝑑𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) −
𝑑𝑥
𝑔(𝑥). To
3 3
𝑑 𝑑
𝑐[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑐 𝑓(𝑥). So, ℎ′ (𝑠) = 2 [ (𝑠 )] − 5 [ (𝑠)] .
𝑑 𝑑
differentiate 2𝑠 and 5𝑠 use 𝑑𝑥
4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠
4
3 3 3
𝑑 𝑑 3 𝑑
To find (𝑠 4 ) use power rule (𝑥𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥𝑛−1 (𝑥), that (𝑠 4 ) = ( ) 𝑠 4−1 (𝑠). Note
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑠 4 𝑑𝑠
𝑑
that (𝑠) = 1 . Hence, the derivative of the function is
𝑑𝑠
3
3 𝑑 3 3−4(1) −1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = 2 [(4) 𝑠 4−1 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠)] − 5(1) simplifying 4 − 1 = 4 = 4
3 −1 3 3
ℎ′ (𝑠) = 𝑠 4 − 5 simplifying 2 ∗ =
2 4 2

Rewriting:
3
ℎ(𝑠) = 2𝑠 4 − 5𝑠
3
𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = 𝑑𝑠 (2𝑠 4 − 5𝑠)
3
𝑑 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = 2 [𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 4 )] − 5 [𝑑𝑠 (𝑠)]
3
3 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = 2 [(4) 𝑠 4−1 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠)] − 5(1)
3 −1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = 2 𝑠 4 − 5
 2. 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 − 5𝑡 2
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
To differentiate ℎ(𝑠), follow the formula 𝑑𝑥
[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] =
𝑑𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) −
𝑑𝑥
𝑔(𝑥).
′ (𝑡) 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 = 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 3 ) − 5 [𝑑𝑡 𝑡 2 ] . And to differentiate 𝑡 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 2 use power 𝑑
rule 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 𝑛 ) =
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 (𝑥). So, 𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 3𝑡 3−1 (𝑡) − 5(2𝑡 2 (𝑡))
𝑑
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
note that 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡) = 1 . Hence,
′ (𝑡) 2
𝑓 = 3𝑡 (1) − 10𝑡(1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 3𝑡 2 − 10𝑡

Rewriting :
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 − 5𝑡 2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 3 ) − 5 [𝑑𝑡 𝑡 2 ]
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 3𝑡 3−1 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡) − 5(2𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡))
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 3𝑡 2 (1) − 10𝑡(1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 3𝑡 2 − 10𝑡

To determine if you understand the preceding discussion of basic differentiation, kindly solve the
practice exercises below.
Practice Exercises: Solve the following problems applying the different differentiation formula. State the
correct formula and concept to be use in simplifying the equation. Enjoy and have fun solving
derivatives.
4 2
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 5

Very good job in patiently answering the given problems. To check your work, see
below the solution of this practice exercises.
Answer to practice exercises

Concept/formula
4 2
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 5 sum rule
4 2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = (𝑥 3 ) + (𝑥 5 ) power rule
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 4−1 𝑑 𝑑 2
𝑑
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 5−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) 4
simplifying fraction − 1 =
3
4
3
−
3
3
and
2
5
2
−1= − =
5
5
5
−3
5

1 −3
4 2
𝑦′ = 3
𝑥 3 (1) + 5
𝑥 5 (1)
1 −3
4 2
𝑦′ = 3
𝑥3 + 5
𝑥5
Additional learning resources

Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEj3dzj2Doc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yfh5cf4-0w
 Module 11
Continuation of Basic differentiation Rule

In this module, the last two remaining basic differentiation rule will be discuss,
that is product rule and quotient rule.

At the end of the lesson, the student can:

1. Use and apply product rule and quotient rule.

2. Explain how to use product rule and quotient rule.
3. Determine and identify which differentiation rule will be use in a given problem.
4. Simplify the equation expressed in simplest form.

Product Rule
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

To find the derivative of product of two functions, write the first function 𝑓(𝑥)and perform the
𝑑
derivative of the second function 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥), then write addition sign (+) and the second function 𝑔(𝑥) and
𝑑
perform the derivative of the first function 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥).

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 1)3
In performing derivative of product of two functions, where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 + 1)3 , just follow the formula 𝑑𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) . First
𝑑
write 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 2 and perform derivative of (𝑥 + 1)3 , then write addition sign (+) and
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 + 1)3 , then perform derivative of 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ). That is, 𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 )(𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)3 ) +
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 + 1)3 ( (𝑥 2 )) . To find the derivative of (𝑥 + 1)3 and (𝑥 2 ) use power rule
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 (𝑥). That (𝑥 + 1)3 = 3(𝑥 + 1)3−1 (𝑥 + 1) and (𝑥 2 ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥). Hence,
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 )(3(𝑥 + 1)3−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)) + (𝑥 + 1)3 (2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)) Perform derivative of
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥) + (1). So,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 )(3(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (1)) + (𝑥 + 1)3 (2𝑥 2 (1)) Note that 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) = 1 and
𝑑
(1) = 0. Thus,
𝑑𝑥

𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 )(3(𝑥 + 1)2 (1 + 0) + (𝑥 + 1)3 (2𝑥 2 )

 Rewriting:
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 1)3
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 )(𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)3 ) + (𝑥 + 1)3 (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ))
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 ) (3(𝑥 + 1)3−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)) + (𝑥 + 1)3 (2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥))

𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 ) (3(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (1)) + (𝑥 + 1)3 (2𝑥 2 (1))

𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 ) (3(𝑥 + 1)2 (1 + 0) + (𝑥 + 1)3 (2𝑥 2 )

𝑦 ′ = (3𝑥 2 ) (𝑥 + 1)2 (1) + (𝑥 + 1)3 (2𝑥 2 )
𝑦 ′ = (3𝑥 2 ) (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑥 + 1)3 (2𝑥 2 )

2. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 2 + 5)
In performing derivative of product of two functions, where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 2 + 5 , just follow the formula 𝑑𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) . Thus,
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3)( (𝑥 2 + 5) + (𝑥 2 + 5)( (𝑥 − 3)) for (𝑥 2 + 5) = (𝑥 2 ) + (5) and
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
for (𝑥 − 3) = (𝑥) − (3) . So that,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3) [ (𝑥 2 ) + (5)] + (𝑥 2 + 5)( (𝑥) − (3)) 𝑑 𝑛−1 𝑑
use power rule 𝑑𝑢 𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
for (𝑥 2 ), that is (𝑥 2 ) = 2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥). That, 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) = 1, (5) = 0 (3) = 0. Hence,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3) (2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 0) + (𝑥 2 + 5)(1 − 0)

𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 2−1 (1)) + (𝑥 2 + 5)(1) that 𝑥 2−1 = 𝑥

𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥) + 𝑥 2 + 5 multiplying (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 5 combining 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
Rewriting:
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 2 + 5)
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 5) + (𝑥 2 + 5)(𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 − 3))
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑑𝑥 (5)] + (𝑥 2 + 5)(𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) − 𝑑𝑥 (3))
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3) (2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥) + 0) + (𝑥 2 + 5)(1 − 0)
𝑑𝑥

𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 2−1 (1)) + (𝑥 2 + 5)(1)

𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥) + 𝑥 2 + 5 simplify by multiplying using distributive property (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 5 add 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5

Quotient Rule
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑓(𝑥))− 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
[
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
] = (𝑔(𝑥))2

𝑑 𝑓(𝑥)
To find the derivative of quotient of two functions 𝑓(𝑥)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥), 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 . Write in
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
fraction form the following:
For the numerator write first the denominator 𝑔(𝑥)and perform the derivative of the
𝑑
numerator 𝑓(𝑥), that is 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) . And then write subtraction sign (-) and the numerator 𝑓(𝑥) ,
𝑑
and then perform the derivative of the denominator 𝑔(𝑥), that is 𝑔(𝑥). For the denominator,
𝑑𝑥
write the given denominator 𝑔(𝑥) raised to exponent 2, that is (𝑔(𝑥))2 .

Example: Find the first derivative.

𝑥2
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥)
In performing derivative of quotient of two function 𝑓(𝑥)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥), 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑔(𝑥), just
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑓(𝑥))− 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
follow the quotient rule, that is [
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
] = (𝑔(𝑥))2
, where 𝑓(𝑥) =
2
𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 . Write in fraction form the following:
For the numerator, write the denominator (𝑥 + 1) and perform the derivative of the
𝑑
numerator (𝑥 2 ), that is (𝑥 2 ). Then write minus sign (-) the numerator (𝑥 2 ) and perform
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
the derivative of the denominator (𝑥 + 1), that is (𝑥 + 1). For the denominator, write
𝑑𝑥
the denominator (𝑥 + 1) raised to exponent 2, that is (𝑥 + 1)2 . Thus,

𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥+1)( (𝑥 2 ))−𝑥 2 ( (𝑥+1))
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥
that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 ) = 2𝑥 2−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1) =
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥) +
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(1)
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥+1)(2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥))−𝑥 2 ( (𝑥)+ (1)) 𝑑 𝑑
′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = (𝑥+1)2
Note: 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑑𝑥 (1) = 0
(𝑥+1)(2𝑥)−𝑥 2 (1+0)
𝑦′ = (𝑥+1)2
that (𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
2𝑥 2 +2𝑥−𝑥 2 (1)
𝑦′ = (𝑥+1)2
combining similar terms, that is 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2
2
𝑥 +2𝑥
𝑦′ = (𝑥+1)2
 Rewriting:
𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝑥+1
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥+1)( (𝑥 2 ))−𝑥 2 ( (𝑥+1))
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥+1)(2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥))−𝑥 2 ( (𝑥)+ (1))
′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = (𝑥+1)2
(𝑥+1)(2𝑥)−𝑥 2 (1+0)
𝑦′ = (𝑥+1)2
2𝑥 2 +2𝑥−𝑥 2 (1)
𝑦′ = (𝑥+1)2
𝑥 2 +2𝑥
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥+1)2

𝑥 2 −1
2. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥)
In performing derivative of quotient of two function 𝑓(𝑥)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥), 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑔(𝑥), just
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑓(𝑥))− 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)
follow the quotient rule, that is [
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
] = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑔(𝑥))2
𝑑𝑥
, where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −
1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥. Write in fraction form the following:
For the numerator, write the denominator 𝑥 and perform the derivative of the numerator
𝑑
(𝑥 2 − 1), that is (𝑥 2 − 1). Then write minus sign (-) the numerator (𝑥 2 − 1) and
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
perform the derivative of the denominator x, that is 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥). For the denominator, write
the denominator 𝑥 raised to exponent 2, that is 𝑥 2 . Thus,

𝑑 𝑑
𝑥( (𝑥 2 −1)−(𝑥 2 −1)𝑑𝑥(𝑥)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
ℎ = 𝑥2
that
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 − 1) =
𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 −
𝑑𝑥
(1) ,and
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥) = 1
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥( (𝑥 )− (1))−(𝑥 2 −1)(1)
2
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
that
𝑑
(𝑥 2 ) = 2𝑥 2−1
𝑑
(𝑥) , and
𝑑
(1) = 0
𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑥(2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥) − 0)−(𝑥 2 −1)
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
Note that removing parenthesis of 𝑥 2 − 1 preceded by minus (-) sign it becomes −𝑥 2 +1
𝑥(2𝑥(1))−𝑥 2 +1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥2
simplify 𝑥(2𝑥(1)) = 2𝑥 2
2𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 +1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥2
combining similar terms, 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2
𝑥 2 +1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥2

Rewriting:
𝑥 2 −1
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥( (𝑥 2 −1)−(𝑥 2 −1) (𝑥)
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥( (𝑥 2 )− (1))−(𝑥 2 −1)(1)
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝑑
𝑥(2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥) − 0)−(𝑥 2 −1)
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
 𝑥(2𝑥(1))−𝑥 2 +1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥2
′ (𝑥) 2𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 +1
ℎ =
𝑥2
′ (𝑥) 𝑥 2 +1
ℎ = 𝑥2

To determine if you understand the preceding discussion of basic differentiation, kindly solve the
practice exercises below.
Practice Exercises: Solve the following problems applying the different differentiation formula. State the
correct formula and concept to be use in simplifying the equation. Enjoy and have fun solving
derivatives.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 2 + 3)
3
𝑥+ √𝑥 2
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥2

Very good job in patiently answering the given problems. To check your work, see
below the solution of this practice exercises.
Answer to practice exercises

1 . 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 2 + 3) product rule

𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 3) + (𝑥 2 + 3)
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 − 4)
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4) (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑑𝑥 (3)) + (𝑥 2 + 3)( 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) − 𝑑𝑥 (4))
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4) (2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 0) + (𝑥 2 + 3)(1 − 0)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4) (2𝑥(1)) + 𝑥 2 + 3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4) 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 3 to simplify (𝑥 − 4) 2𝑥 ,use distributive property
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 3, combine 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥32 − 8𝑥 + 3

2
𝑥+𝑥 3
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥2
Quotient Rule
2 2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥2 (𝑥 3 )−(𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥(𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = Power rule
(𝑥 2 )2
2 2
2 −1 𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 (𝑥) )−(𝑥 3 )2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥)
3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑥4
−1 2
2
𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 (1) )−(𝑥 3 )2𝑥(1)
3
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑥4
 1 2
2 2− +1
𝑥 3 −2 𝑥 3
′ (𝑥) 3
𝑔 = 𝑥4
law of exponents
5 5
2
𝑥3 −2 𝑥 3
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 3
𝑥4

Additional learning resource

Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEj3dzj2Doc
 Module 12
Trigonometric Functions

In this module the derivatives of 6 trigonometric functions will be discuss.

The trigonometric functions are:
1. Derivative of sine function
2. Derivative of cosine function
3. Derivative of tangent function
4. Derivative of cotangent function
5. Derivative of secant function
6. Derivative of cosecant function

At the end of the lesson, the student can:

1. Use and apply the different trigonometric differentiation formula.

2. Explain how to use the trigonometric differentiation formula.
3. Determine and identify which basic differentiation rule will be used in a given problem.
4. Simplify the equation expressed in simplest form.

Beginning with derivative of Sine function

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
sin 𝑢 = cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of sin 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢
sin 𝑢 = cos 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢) .
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 (sin 𝑥 2 ) where 𝑢 = 𝑥 2
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (cos 𝑥 2 )(𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 )) recall power rule 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑢), (𝑥 2 ) = 2 𝑥 2−1 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (cos 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥))
𝑑𝑥
′ 2
𝑓 (𝑥) = (cos 𝑥 )(2𝑥)

2. 𝑦 = sin(𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1))
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢
sin 𝑢 = cos 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑑
𝑦′ = sin(𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)) where 𝑢 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1), to find the derivative of u use product rule
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (cos(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1))(𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 1) + (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)) that 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑥 2 + 1) = (𝑥 2 ) + (1)
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (cos(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)) [𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 1) + (𝑥 2 + 1)(1) ] that 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2 𝑑
𝑥 = 2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (cos(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)) [𝑥 (2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥) + 0) + 𝑥 2 + 1 ]
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ = (cos(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1))[𝑥 (2𝑥)(1) + 𝑥 2 + 1 ] that 𝑥 (2𝑥)(1) = 2𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = (cos(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1))[2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 1 ] simplifying 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2
′ 2 2
𝑦 = (cos(𝑥 (𝑥 + 1))[3𝑥 + 1 ]

3. 𝑔(𝑥) = sin(𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)

𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢
sin 𝑢 = cos 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑
𝑔 = 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥 3 − 2𝑥) where u = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)] that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 use power rule
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢) and
𝑑
for 2x simply 2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
′ (𝑥) 𝑑 𝑑
𝑔 = (𝑐𝑜𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)) [3𝑥 3−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) − 2 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)] that 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑥)
′ (𝑥) 3 2
𝑔 = (𝑐𝑜𝑥 (𝑥 − 2𝑥))[3𝑥 (1) − 2(1)]
′ (𝑥)
𝑔 = (𝑐𝑜𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥))[3𝑥 2 − 2]

Derivative of Cosine Function

𝑑 𝑑
cos 𝑢 = − sin (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Derivative of cos 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 negative (−) sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.
𝑥
1. ℎ(𝑥) = cos(𝑥+1)
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢 cos 𝑢 = − sin 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑 𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = cos( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑓(𝑥))− 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− sin 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥)
) [ ( )] use quotient rule, 𝑑𝑥 [ ]= 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑔(𝑥))
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 𝑥 (𝑥+1) (𝑥)−𝑥( (𝑥+1))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
for ( )= where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 (𝑥+1) (𝑥)−𝑥( (𝑥+1))
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− sin 𝑥+1) [ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
] that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1) =
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥) +
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(1)
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 (𝑥+1)(1)−𝑥( (𝑥)+ (1))
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ℎ = (− sin 𝑥+1) [ (𝑥+1)2
]
𝑥
𝑥+1−𝑥(1+0)
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− sin 𝑥+1) [ (𝑥+1)2
]
𝑥 𝑥+1−𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− sin 𝑥+1) [(𝑥+1)2 ] simplifying 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− sin )[ ]
𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)2
 2. 𝑓(𝑡) = cos(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢 cos 𝑢 = − sin 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑
𝑓 ′ = 𝑑𝑡 cos(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5) where 𝑢 = 𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (− sin(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)) [ (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)] that
𝑑
(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5) =
𝑑
(𝑡 3 ) − 2
𝑑
(𝑡) +
𝑑
(5)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (− sin(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)) [𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 3 ) − 2 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡) + 𝑑𝑡 (5)] use power rule 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢),
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑡 3 ) = 3𝑡 3−1 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (− sin(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)) [3𝑡 3−1 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡) − 2(1) + 0]
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (− sin(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5))[3𝑡 2 (1) − 2]
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (− sin(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5))[3𝑡 2 − 2]

3
3. 𝑔(𝑠) = cos(𝑠 2 )
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢 cos 𝑢 = − sin 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)
3
𝑑 3
𝑔′ (𝑠) = 𝑑𝑠 cos(𝑠 2 ) where 𝑢 = 𝑠 2
3 3
𝑑 3 3
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (− sin(𝑠 2 )) [𝑑𝑠 𝑠 3 ] use power rule
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢) ,
𝑑
𝑑𝑠
3
𝑠 2 = 𝑠 2−1
2
𝑑
𝑑𝑠
(𝑠)
3 3 3 3 2 1
3 𝑑
−1 −1
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (− sin(𝑠 )) [ 𝑠 2 2 (𝑠)] that 𝑠 3 = 𝑠2 − 2 = 𝑠2
2 𝑑𝑠
3
3 1 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (− sin(𝑠 2 )) [ 𝑠 2 (1)]
2 𝑑𝑠
3
3 1
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (− sin(𝑠 2 )) [2 𝑠 2 (1)]
3
3 1
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (− sin(𝑠 2 )) [ 𝑠 2 ]
2

Derivative of Tangent Function

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
tan 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of tan 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = tan(𝑥 2 )
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula tan 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑢 𝑢.
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 tan(𝑥 2 ) where 𝑢 = 𝑥 2
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 )) [ (𝑥 2 )] using power rule 𝑑𝑢
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (𝑢), (𝑥 2 ) = 2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 )) [2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑥 ))[2𝑥(1)]
2 2

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 ))[2𝑥]

2. ℎ(𝑥) = tan √𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢 tan 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑢.
′ (𝑥)
ℎ = tan √𝑥 where 𝑢 = √𝑥
 𝑑 1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥)(𝑑𝑥 √𝑥) that √𝑥 can be expressed as 𝑥 2
1
𝑑 1 1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥)(𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 ) use power rule
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢),
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2−1
2
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥)
1
1 𝑑
−1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥)( 𝑥 2 (𝑥))
2 𝑑𝑥
−1
1 −1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥)(2 𝑥 2 (1)) that 𝑥 2 can be expressed as √𝑥
1

1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥)(2 𝑥)
√

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = tan(𝑥 + 3)
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula tan 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑢 𝑢.
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 tan(𝑥 + 3) where 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 3
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 + 3)) [ 𝑑
(𝑥 + 3)] that 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 + 3) = (𝑥) + (3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 + 3)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (3)]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 + 3))[(1) + (0)]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 + 3)

Derivative of Cotangent Function

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
cot 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of cot 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 (−) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢

Example: Find the first derivative.
1. 𝑓(𝑡) = cot(𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4))
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula cot 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐2 𝑢 𝑢.
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 cot(𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) where 𝑢 = 𝑡 2(𝑡 − 4)
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ] [ (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4))] 𝑑
to differentiate, 𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4) ; use product rule
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑡 − 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑡
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ] [𝑡 2 (𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 − 4)) + (𝑡 − 4) 𝑑𝑡 𝑡 2 ]
𝑑 𝑑 𝑡
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ] [𝑡 2 ( (𝑡) − (4)) + (𝑡 − 4) 2𝑡 2−1 (𝑡)]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
′ (𝑡) [−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 2 ] 2 (0)) (𝑡
𝑓 = (𝑡 (𝑡 − 4)) [𝑡 ((1) − + − 4) 2𝑡(1)]
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ][𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 ]
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ][3𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 ]
 2. ℎ(𝑠) = cot((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢 cot 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
′ (𝑠) 𝑑
ℎ = cot((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) where 𝑢 = (𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)
𝑑𝑠
𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 ((𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) [𝑑𝑠 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))] to differentiate, 𝑑𝑠𝑑 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) ; use
2 3
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
product rule [𝑓(𝑥) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠 3 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠 + 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
′ (𝑠) 𝑑 𝑑
ℎ = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 ((𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) [(𝑠 + 1)(𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)) + (𝑠 + 2)( 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 3 + 1)) ] that
2 3 3

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑠
(𝑠 + 2) = 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠) + 𝑑𝑠 (2) and 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 3 + 1)=𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 3 ) + 𝑑𝑠 (1)
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) [(𝑠 3 + 1)( (𝑠) + (2)) + (𝑠 + 2) ( (𝑠 3 ) + (1)) ] that
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑠
(𝑠 ) =3
3𝑠3−1 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠)
𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) [(𝑠 3 + 1)(1 + 0) + (𝑠 + 2) (3𝑠 3−1 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠) + 0) ]
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))[𝑠 3 + 1 + (𝑠 + 2)(3𝑠 2 (1)) ]
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))[𝑠 3 + 1 + 3𝑠 3 + 6𝑠 2 ] simplifying and rearranging the terms
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))[4𝑠 3 + 6𝑠 2 + 1]

𝑟−3
3. 𝑔(𝑟) = cot(𝑟+4)
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula cot 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐2 𝑢 𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑟−3
4. 𝑔(𝑟) = cot(𝑟+4) where 𝑢 = 𝑟−3
𝑟+4
𝑟−3 𝑑 𝑟−3
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑟+4)) [𝑑𝑟 (𝑟+4)] to differentiate 𝑑𝑟
𝑑 𝑟−3
( ) , use quotient rule
𝑟+4
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑓(𝑥))− 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
[ ]= where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑟 − 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑟 + 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑔(𝑥))2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑟−3 (𝑟+4) (𝑟−3)−(𝑟−3) (𝑟+4)
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ( )) [ 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑
] that 𝑑𝑟 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑟 − 3) = (𝑟) − (3) and
𝑟+4 (𝑟+4)2 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑟 + 4) = (𝑟) + (4)
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑟−3 (𝑟+4)( (𝑟)− (3))−(𝑟−3)( (𝑟)+ (4))
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑟+4)) [ 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
(𝑟+4)2
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
]
𝑟−3 (𝑟+4)(1−0)−(𝑟−3)(1+0)
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑟+4)) [ (𝑟+4)2
]
𝑟−3 (𝑟+4)−(𝑟−3)
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑟+4)) [ (𝑟+4)2
] removing parenthesis, −(𝑟 − 3) = −𝑟 + 3
𝑟−3 𝑟+4−𝑟+3
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ( )) [ ] simplifying, 𝑟 + 𝑟 + 4 − 3 = 7
𝑟+4 (𝑟+4)2
𝑟−3 7
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑟+4)) [(𝑟+4)2 ]

Derivative of Cosecant Function

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
csc 𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of csc 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 negative (−) csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.
1.𝑓(𝑥) = csc 𝑥 3
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢 csc 𝑢 = −csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 csc 𝑥 3 where 𝑢 = csc 𝑥 3
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 3 cot 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) to differentiate 𝑥 3 , use power rule
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 3 cot 𝑥 3 [3𝑥 3−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)]

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 3 cot 𝑥 3 [3𝑥 2 (1)]

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 3 cot 𝑥 3 [3𝑥 2 ]

2.ℎ(𝑥) = csc 2√𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula csc 𝑢 = −csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

ℎ′ (𝑥) = csc 2√𝑥 where 𝑢 = 2√𝑥

𝑑 1 1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− csc 2√𝑥 cot 2√𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 (√𝑥) note that √𝑥 can be expressed as 𝑥 2 , to differentiate 𝑥 2 use
𝑑 𝑑
power rule 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

1 1 1 2 −1
1 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− csc 2√𝑥 cot 2√𝑥 ) [2 2 𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)] that 𝑥 2−1 = 𝑥 2 − 2 = 𝑥 2
−1 −1
1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− csc 2√𝑥 cot 2√𝑥 ) [𝑥 2 (1)] that 𝑥 2 =
√𝑥
1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− csc 2√𝑥 cot 2√𝑥 )
√𝑥

3.𝑔(𝑥) = csc (𝑥 2 + 3)
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑑𝑢 csc 𝑢 = −csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)

𝑔′ (𝑥) = csc (𝑥 2 + 3) where 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 3

𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csc(𝑥 2 + 3) cot(𝑥 2 + 3)) [ (𝑥 2 + 3)] to differentiate [
𝑑
(𝑥 2 + 3)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
recall [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥), (𝑥 2 + 3) = (𝑥 2 ) + (3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csc(𝑥 2 + 3) cot(𝑥 2 + 3)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑑𝑥 (3)] use power rule to differentiate 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑥 2 ),

𝑑 𝑑
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csc(𝑥 2 + 3) cot(𝑥 2 + 3)) [2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (1) + 0]

𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csc(𝑥 2 + 3) cot(𝑥 2 + 3)) [2𝑥 + 0]

 𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csc(𝑥 2 + 3) cot(𝑥 2 + 3)) (2𝑥)

Derivative of Secant Function

𝑑 𝑑
sec 𝑢 = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Derivative of sec 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.
1.𝑓(𝑥) = sec (𝑥 2 + 𝑥)
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula sec 𝑢 = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 sec (𝑥 2 + 𝑥) where 𝑢 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑥)
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) tan(𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) that 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) =
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 ) +
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥)

𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) tan(𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)] use power rule to differentiate 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑥 2 ),

𝑑 𝑑
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) tan(𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) [2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥) + (1)]
𝑑𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) tan(𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) [2𝑥 + 1]

3
3. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula sec 𝑢 = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑 3
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝑥 2 where 𝑢 = 3√𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
3 3 𝑑 3 2
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (sec √𝑥 2 tan √𝑥 2 )( √𝑥 2 ) Note 3√𝑥 2 can be expressed as 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
3 3 𝑑 2 2
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2 2
(sec √𝑥 tan √𝑥 )( 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑 𝑑
use power rule to differentiate 𝑥 3 , 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2 𝑑
(sec √𝑥 2 tan √𝑥 2 )( 3 𝑥 3−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥))
3 3
𝑔′ (𝑥) =
3 3 2 −1 −1
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (sec √𝑥 2 tan √𝑥 2 )( 3 𝑥 3 (1)) Note that 𝑥 3 can be expressed as 3√𝑥 1

3 3 2
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (sec √𝑥 2 tan √𝑥 2 )( 3 )
3 √𝑥

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = sec 3𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula sec 𝑢 = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec 3𝑥) where 𝑢 = sec 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec 3𝑥 tan 3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (3𝑥)
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec 3𝑥 tan 3𝑥) 3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec 3𝑥 tan 3𝑥) 3(1)
 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (sec 3𝑥 tan 3𝑥) 3

To determine if you understand the preceding discussion of basic differentiation, kindly solve the
practice exercises below.
Practice Exercises: Solve the following problems applying the different differentiation formula. State the
correct formula and concept to be use in simplifying the equation. Enjoy and have fun solving
derivatives.
1.

Very good job in patiently answering the given problems. To check your work, see
below the solution of this practice exercises.
Answer to practice exercises

Additional learning resource

Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_niP0JaOgHY
 Module 13
Exponential Functions
In this module the derivatives of exponential functions will be discussed.
The exponential functions are:
1. Derivative of 𝑒 𝑢
2. Derivative of 𝑎𝑢

At the end of the lesson, the student can:

1. Use and apply derivatives of exponential function formula.

2. Explain how to use the exponential function differentiation formula.
3. Determine and identify which differentiation rule previous discussed can be used in a given
problem.
4. Simplify the equation expressed in simplest form.

Base e
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of 𝑒 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.
Example : Find the first derivative.
2
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑 𝑥2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
2 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑑
recall power rule 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
2 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 (2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥))
𝑥2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 (2𝑥 (1))
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 (2𝑥)

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥−1
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑 𝑥−1
𝑓 = 𝑒
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥−1 (𝑥 − 1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥−1 (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) − 𝑑𝑥 (1))

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥−1 (1 − 0)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥−1
 3. 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑥+4)
𝑑 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑
𝑔 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥(𝑥+4)
𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑥+4) [ (𝑥(𝑥 + 4)] recall derivative of product 𝑑𝑥𝑑 [𝑓(𝑥) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥𝑑 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4
𝑑 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑥+4) [𝑥 (𝑥 + 4) + (𝑥 + 4) (𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑥+4) [𝑥( (𝑥) + (4)) + (𝑥 + 4)(1)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
′ (𝑡) 𝑥(𝑥+4) [𝑥(1
𝑔 = 𝑒 + 0) + (𝑥 + 4)(1)]
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑥+4) [𝑥 + 𝑥 + 4] simplify, 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥
′ (𝑡) 𝑥(𝑥+4)
𝑔 = 𝑒 (2𝑥 + 4)

Base a
𝑑 𝑢 𝑑
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Derivative of 𝑎𝑢 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.
Example : Find the first derivative.

1.ℎ(𝑠) = 3√𝑠
𝑑 𝑢 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = 𝑑𝑠 3√𝑠
𝑑 1 1 1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (3√𝑠 ln 3 ) 𝑑𝑠 √𝑠 note that √𝑠 = 𝑠 2 , recall power rule
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢),
𝑑
𝑑𝑠
1
𝑠2 = 𝑠2 − 1
2
𝑑
𝑑𝑠
(𝑠)

1 1 𝑑 1 1 2 −1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (3√𝑠 ln 3) ( 𝑠 2−1 (𝑠)) simplifying 𝑠 2−1 = 𝑠 2−2 = 𝑠 2
2 𝑑𝑠

1 −1 −1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (3√𝑠 ln 3) (2 𝑠 2 (1)) that 𝑠 2 =
1
√𝑠

1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (3√𝑠 ln 3) (2 𝑠)
√
𝑥
2.𝑓(𝑥) = 5 𝑥−3

𝑑 𝑢 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 5𝑥−3
𝑥
𝑑 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5𝑥−3 𝑙𝑛5 ( 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥(𝑓(𝑥))− 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
) recall quotient rule, [ ]=
(𝑔(𝑥))2
, where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥−3 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥−3) (𝑥)−𝑥 (𝑥−3)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5𝑥−3 𝑙𝑛5 [ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−3
𝑑𝑥
]
 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥−3) (1)−𝑥 ( (𝑥)− (3))
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5𝑥−3 𝑙𝑛5 [ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
]
𝑥−3

𝑥
𝑥−3 −𝑥 (1−0)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5𝑥−3 𝑙𝑛5 [ 𝑥−3
]
𝑥
𝑥−3−𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5𝑥−3 𝑙𝑛5 [ 𝑥−3
]
𝑥
−3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5𝑥−3 𝑙𝑛5 [𝑥−3]
2 +𝑡
3. 𝑔(𝑡) = 4𝑡
𝑑 𝑢 𝑑
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑑 2 +𝑡
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 4𝑡
2 +𝑡 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 4𝑡 ln 4 [𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 2 + 𝑡)]
2 +𝑡 𝑑 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 4𝑡 ln 4 [𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 2 ) + 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡)] for
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
(𝑡 2 ) recall power rule,
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

2 +𝑡 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 4𝑡 ln 4 (2𝑡 2−1 (𝑡) + 1)
𝑑𝑡
2 +𝑡
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 4𝑡 ln 4 (2𝑡(1) + 1)
2 +𝑡
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 4𝑡 ln 4 (2𝑡 + 1)

To determine if you understand the preceding discussion of basic differentiation, kindly solve the
practice exercises below.
Practice Exercises: Solve the following problems applying the different differentiation formula. State the
correct formula and concept to be use in simplifying the equation. Enjoy and have fun solving
derivatives.
1.

Very good job in patiently answering the given problems. To check your work, see
below the solution of this practice exercises.
Answer to practice exercises

Additional learning resources

youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmnh448y_ZU
 Module 14
Logarithmic Functions
In this module the derivatives of logarithmic functions will be discussed.
The logarithmic functions are:
1. Derivative of natural logarithm
2. Derivative of common logarithm

At the end of the lesson, the student can:

1. Use and apply derivatives of logarithmic function formula.

2. Explain how to use the logarithmic function differentiation formula.
3. Determine and identify which differentiation rule previous discussed can be used in a given
problem.
4. Simplify the equation expressed in simplest form.

Natural Logarithm
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢
ln 𝑢 = 𝑢
𝑑
The derivative of natural logarithm (ln) is derivative of 𝑢 ,(𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)) , divided it by 𝑢.

Example:
Find the first derivative.
1. 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 2
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
ln 𝑢 = 𝑢
𝑑 2
𝑥
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
for
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 ) recall power rule,
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 =
𝑑
𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
𝑑
2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥)
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
2𝑥(1)
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥2
2
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥(𝑥 2 − 3))

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
ln 𝑢 = 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑥(𝑥 2 −3))
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥𝑥(𝑥 2 −3)
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 (𝑥 2 −3))−(𝑥 2 −3) (𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 2 −3)
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑 𝑑
𝑥(2𝑥 2−1 (1)− (3))−(𝑥 2 −3)(1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 2 −3)
𝑥(2𝑥−0)−𝑥 2 +3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑥 3 −3𝑥
′ (𝑥) 2𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 +3
𝑓 = 𝑥 3 −3𝑥
3𝑥 2 +3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 −3𝑥

𝑥2
3. ℎ(𝑥) = ln 𝑥+3
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
ln 𝑢 = 𝑢

𝑑 𝑥2
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥+3)
𝑑 𝑥2
( )
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+3
ℎ = 𝑥2
𝑥+3

𝑑 2 𝑑
(𝑥+3) (𝑥 )−(𝑥2 ) (𝑥+3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥+3
𝑥2
𝑥+3
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥+3)(2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥)−𝑥 2 ( (𝑥)+ (3))
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(𝑥+3)(2𝑥(1))−𝑥 2 (1+0)
ℎ′ (𝑥) =
𝑥2
′ (𝑥) 2𝑥 2 +6𝑥−𝑥 2
ℎ = 𝑥2
𝑥 2 +6𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥2

Common Logarithm
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
log 𝑎 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑛 𝑎
𝑑
The derivative of common logarithm (log) is derivative of 𝑢 ,(𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)) , divided it
by 𝑢 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 ln 𝑎.

Example:
Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑓(𝑡) = log 3 √𝑡
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
log 𝑎 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑛 𝑎

𝑑
√𝑡 1
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 𝑑 𝑑
√𝑡 = 𝑡 2 to differentiate 𝑑𝑡 √𝑡 recall power rule 𝑑𝑢 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑
√𝑡𝑙𝑛3
 1
1 −1 𝑑
𝑡2 (𝑡)
′ (𝑡) 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑓 =
√𝑡𝑙𝑛3
−1
1
𝑡2 (1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 2
√𝑡𝑙𝑛3
1 1
′ (𝑡) 2√𝑡 1 1 1
𝑓 = Note that 2√𝑡
can be written in the form of =
√𝑡𝑙𝑛3 √𝑡𝑙𝑛3 2√𝑡 √𝑡𝑙𝑛3 2𝑡𝑙𝑛3
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 2𝑡 𝑙𝑛3

2. ℎ(𝑠) = log 5 (𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 6)
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula log 𝑎 𝑢=
𝑑𝑢 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑎
′ (𝑠) 𝑑
ℎ = log 5 (𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 6)
𝑑𝑠
𝑑
(𝑠2 +𝑠+6)
′ (𝑠) 𝑑𝑠
ℎ = 2
𝑠 +𝑠+6 𝑙𝑛5
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑠2 )+ (𝑠)+ (6)
ℎ′ (𝑠) = 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥
to differentiate
𝑑
(𝑠 2 ), recall power rule
𝑑
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
(𝑢)
(𝑠2 +𝑠+6) 𝑙𝑛5 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑑
2𝑠2−1 (𝑠)+1+0
′ (𝑠) 𝑑𝑠
ℎ = (𝑠2 +𝑠+6) 𝑙𝑛5

2𝑠2 (1)+1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (𝑠2 +𝑠+6) 𝑙𝑛5

2𝑠2 (1)+1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (𝑠2 +𝑠+6) 𝑙𝑛5

3. 𝑔(𝑟) = log 4 (𝑟 2 √𝑟 )
3

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
log 𝑎 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑛 𝑎
𝑑 3
(𝑟 2 √𝑟 )
𝑔′ (𝑟) = 𝑑𝑟2 3 𝑑𝑟
to differentiate
𝑑 3 𝑑
(𝑟 2 √𝑟), recall derivative of product 𝑑𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) +
𝑑
𝑟 √𝑟𝑙𝑛4
𝑑 3
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑟 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑟
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 3 3 𝑑
𝑟2 ( √𝑟)+ √𝑟 𝑑𝑟 (𝑟 2 ) 1 1
𝑔′ (𝑟) = 𝑑𝑟
1 recall power rule
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢) ,
𝑑
𝑑𝑟
3
( √𝑟) =
𝑑
𝑑𝑟
𝑟3 =
1
3
𝑟 3−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑟
(𝑟)
𝑟 2 𝑟 3 𝑙𝑛4
𝑑 𝑑
and (𝑟 2 ) = 2𝑟 2−1 (𝑟)
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

1
1 −1 𝑑 3 𝑑
𝑟2( 𝑟3 (𝑟))+ √𝑟 (2𝑟 2−1 (𝑟))
3 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
′ (𝑟)
𝑔 = 7
𝑟 3 𝑙𝑛4
−2
1 3
𝑟 2 ( 𝑟 3 (1))+ √𝑟 (2𝑟(1))
3
𝑔′ (𝑟) = 7
𝑟 3 𝑙𝑛4
−2 1
1
𝑟 2 ( 𝑟 3 )+𝑟 3 (2𝑟)
3
𝑔′ (𝑟) = 7
𝑟 3 𝑙𝑛4
To determine if you understand the preceding discussion of basic differentiation, kindly solve the
practice exercises below.
Practice Exercises: Solve the following problems applying the different differentiation formula. State the
correct formula and concept to be use in simplifying the equation. Enjoy and have fun solving
derivatives.
1.

Very good job in patiently answering the given problems. To check your work, see
below the solution of this practice exercises.
Answer to practice exercises

Additional learning resource

Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFl8ekyr63U
 Module 15
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
In this module the derivatives of 6 inverse trigonometric functions will be discussed. The
trigonometric functions are:
1. Derivative of inverse sine function
2. Derivative of inverse cosine function
3. Derivative of inverse tangent function
4. Derivative of inverse cotangent function
5. Derivative of inverse secant function
6. Derivative of inverse cosecant function

At the end of the lesson, the student can:

1. Use and apply the different inverse trigonometric differentiation formula.

2. Explain how to use the inverse trigonometric differentiation formula.
3. Determine and identify which differentiation rule will be used in a given problem.
4. Simplify the equation expressed in simplest form.

Beginning with Derivative of Arcsine,

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 2
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 2 ) where 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 2
𝑑
(𝑥 2 ) 1
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
that √𝑥 = 𝑥 2 , to differentiate
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
√𝑥 ; recall power rule 𝑑𝑢 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)
√1−(𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥)
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
4
√1−𝑥
2𝑥 (1)
𝑦′ =
√1−𝑥 4

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 ) that 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑
(𝑒 𝑥 )
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 = to differential (𝑒 𝑥 ) recall 𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢 (𝑢)
√1−(𝑒 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑒 2𝑥
 𝑒𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√1−𝑒 2𝑥

3. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (√𝑥)

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2
𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (√𝑥)
𝑑
√𝑥 1 1 −1
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 −1 𝑑 1 1
√𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 = 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) = 2 𝑥 2 (1) = 2√𝑥
√1−√𝑥 2
1

𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2√𝑥
√1−𝑥

Derivative of Arccosine,
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2
𝑑
(𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑦′ = − 𝑑𝑥
√1−(𝑒 𝑥 )2
𝑑
𝑒𝑥 (𝑥)
′ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 =−
√1−𝑒 2𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 (1)
𝑦′ = −
√1−𝑒 2𝑥
′ 𝑒𝑥
𝑦 =−
√1−𝑒 2𝑥

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑙𝑛𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2
𝑑
ln 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑑𝑥
√1−ln( 𝑥)2
𝑑
(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑥
√1−ln( 𝑥)2

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑥
√1−ln( 𝑥)2

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −
𝑥√1−ln( 𝑥)2
3. 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2
𝑑
(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = − 𝑑𝑥
√1−(tan 𝑥)2
𝑑
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 ((𝑥))
′ (𝑡) 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 =−
√1−(tan 𝑥)2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = −
√1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
′ (𝑡) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑓 =−
√1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥

Derivative of Arctangent,
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1+𝑢2

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 cos 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
1+𝑢2
𝑑
(cos 𝑥 )
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
ℎ = 1+(cos 𝑥)2
𝑑
− sin 𝑥 (𝑥)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
ℎ =
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
− sin 𝑥 (1)
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
− sin 𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥

2
2. 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑡
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
1+𝑢2
𝑑 2
(𝑒 𝑡 )
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
2
1+(𝑒 𝑡 )2
2 𝑑
(𝑒 𝑡 ) (𝑡 2 )
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
2
1+ 𝑒 2𝑡
2 𝑑
(𝑒 )(2𝑡 2−1 (𝑡)
𝑡
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 2
𝑑𝑡
1+ 𝑒 2𝑡
𝑡2
(𝑒 )2𝑡
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 2
1+ 𝑒 2𝑡
 3. 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ln 𝑡 2
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
1+𝑢2
𝑑
(ln 𝑡 2 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 1+(ln
𝑑𝑡
𝑡 2 )2
𝑑 2
𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 1+(ln 𝑡 2 ) 2
𝑑
2𝑡2−1 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑡
1+(ln 𝑡 2 ) 2
2𝑡(1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑡 2 (1+(ln 𝑡 2 )2 )
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑡(1+(ln 𝑡 2 )2 )

Arccotangent,
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑢 =− 𝑑𝑢
1+𝑢2

Example: Find the first derivative.

1.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 sec 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
1+𝑢2
𝑑
(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑑𝑥
1+(sec 𝑥)2

𝑑
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 (𝑥)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 = − 1+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 (1)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 1+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 1+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

3. ℎ(𝑠) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑙𝑛𝑠 2

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
1+𝑢2
𝑑
(ln 𝑠2 )
ℎ′ (𝑠) = − 1+(ln
𝑑𝑠
𝑠 2 )2

𝑑 2
(𝑠 )
𝑑𝑠
𝑠2
ℎ′ (𝑠) = −
1+(ln 𝑠2 )2

𝑑 2
(𝑠 )
𝑑𝑠
′ (𝑠) 𝑠2
ℎ =− 1+(ln 𝑠2 )2
 𝑑
2𝑠2−1 (𝑠)
𝑑𝑠
2
ℎ′ (𝑠) = − 𝑠
1+(ln 𝑠2 )2

2𝑠(1)
′ (𝑠) 𝑠2
ℎ =− 1+(ln 𝑠2 )2

ℎ′ (𝑠) = − 1+(ln𝑠 𝑠2 )2

1
ℎ′ (𝑠) = − 𝑠(1+(ln 𝑠2 )2 )

4. 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑒 𝑡+1

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula
𝑑𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
1+𝑢2
𝑑
(𝑒 𝑡+1 )
𝑔′ (𝑡) = − 1+(𝑒
𝑑𝑡
𝑡+1 )2

𝑑
(𝑒 𝑡+1 ) (𝑡+1)
𝑔′ (𝑡) = − 𝑑𝑡
1+(𝑒 𝑡+1 )2

(𝑒 𝑡+1 )(1+0)
𝑔′ (𝑡) = − 1+(𝑒 𝑡+1 )2

𝑒 𝑡+1
𝑔′ (𝑡) = − 1+(𝑒 𝑡+1 )2

Derivative of Secant Function

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1
𝑑
(csc 𝑥)
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
csc 𝑥√(csc 𝑥)2 −1
𝑑
− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
csc 𝑥√𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 −1
′ − cot 𝑥 (1)
𝑦 =
√𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 −1
′ − cot 𝑥
𝑦 =
√𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 −1
 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1
𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑒
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 √(𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 −1
𝑒
𝑑
𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 √(𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 −1
𝑒
𝑑
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
√(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 −1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 −1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 −1

3. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1
𝑑
(ln cot 𝑥)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑔 =
ln cot 𝑥 √(ln cot 𝑥 )2 −1
𝑑
(cot 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = cot 𝑥
ln cot 𝑥 √(ln cot 𝑥 )2 −1
𝑑
−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = cot 𝑥
ln cot 𝑥 √(ln cot 𝑥 )2 −1
−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) =
cot 𝑥 ln cot 𝑥 √(ln cot 𝑥 )2 −1

Derivative of Cosecant Function

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑢 =− 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑡 2
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑢 =− 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1
𝑑
− (𝑡 2 )
𝑔′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 2 √(𝑡 2 )2 −1
𝑑
−(2𝑡 2−1 ) (𝑡)
′ (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑔 =
𝑡 2 √𝑡 4 −1
−(2𝑡)(1)
𝑔′ (𝑡) =
𝑡 2 √𝑡 4 −1
′ (𝑡) −2
𝑔 =
𝑡√𝑡 4 −1
 2. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑢 =− 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1
𝑑
− (𝑒 𝑥 )
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 √(𝑒 𝑥 )2 −1
𝑥
𝑑
−𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
ℎ =
𝑒 𝑥 √𝑒 2𝑥 −1
−1
ℎ′ (𝑥) =
√𝑒 2𝑥 −1

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 ln sin 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑢 =− 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1
𝑑
− (ln sin 𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
ln sin 𝑥 √(ln sin 𝑥)2 −1
𝑑
(sin 𝑥)
−𝑑𝑥
′ (𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑓 =
ln sin 𝑥 √(ln sin 𝑥)2 −1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
−
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
ln sin 𝑥 √(ln sin 𝑥)2 −1
−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
ln sin 𝑥 √(ln sin 𝑥)2 −1

To determine if you understand the preceding discussion of basic differentiation, kindly solve the
practice exercises below.
Practice Exercises: Solve the following problems applying the different differentiation formula. State the
correct formula and concept to be use in simplifying the equation. Enjoy and have fun solving
derivatives.
1.

Very good job in patiently answering the given problems. To check your work, see
below the solution of this practice exercises.
Answer to practice exercises

Additional learning resource

Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrVpBz4zep0
 Module 16
Hyperbolic Functions
In this module the derivatives of 6 hyperbolic functions will be discussed. The hyperbolic
functions are:
1. Derivative of hyperbolic sine function
2. Derivative of hyperbolic cosine function
3. Derivative of hyperbolic tangent function
4. Derivative of hyperbolic cotangent function
5. Derivative of hyperbolic secant function
6. Derivative of hyperbolic cosecant function

At the end of the lesson, the student can:

1. Use and apply the different hyperbolic function differentiation formula.

2. Explain how to use the hyperbolic function differentiation formula.
3. Determine and identify which differentiation rule will be used in a given problem.
4. Simplify the equation expressed in simplest form.

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
sinh 𝑢 = cosh 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Example : Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑦 = sinh 𝑥 2
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑢 =− 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1
𝑑
Note that 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 , to find the derivative of u use power rule 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢

𝑑
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh 𝑥 2 )(𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ))
𝑑
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥))
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥)

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = sinh(𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)) Note the 𝑢 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1), to find the derivative of u use product rule.
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1))(𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 1) + (𝑥 2 + 1) (𝑥))
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)) [𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 1) + (𝑥 2 + 1)(1) ]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1))[𝑥 (2𝑥 2−1
+ 0) + 𝑥 + 1 2 ]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1))[𝑥 (2𝑥) + 𝑥 2 + 1 ]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1))[2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 1 ]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (cosh(𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1))[3𝑥 2 + 1 ]
 3. 𝑔(𝑥) = sinh(𝑥 3 − 2𝑥) Note that 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 ;to find the derivative 𝑥 3 use power
𝑑 𝑑
rule 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢) and for 2x simply 2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)]
𝑑 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) − 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥)]
𝑑 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)) [3𝑥 3−1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)]
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥))[3𝑥 2 (1) − 2(1)]
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥))[3𝑥 2 − 2]

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
cosh 𝑢 = sinh 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of cosh 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 sinh 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.
𝑥 𝑥
1. ℎ(𝑥) = cosh(𝑥+1) Note that 𝑢 = 𝑥+1 ; to find the derivative of u, use quotient rule
𝑥 𝑑 𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− sinh ) [ ( )]
𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 (𝑥+1) (𝑥)−𝑥( (𝑥+1))
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (sinh 𝑥+1) [ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥
]
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 (𝑥+1)(1)−𝑥( (𝑥)+ (1))
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (sinh 𝑥+1) [ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥
]
𝑥 𝑥+1−𝑥(1+0)
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (sinh 𝑥+1) [ (𝑥+1)2
]
𝑥 𝑥+1−𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (sinh 𝑥+1) [(𝑥+1)2 ]
𝑥 1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (sinh 𝑥+1) [(𝑥+1)2 ]

2. 𝑓(𝑡) = cosh (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (sinh(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)) [𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)]
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (sinh(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)) [𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 3 ) − 2 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡) + 𝑑𝑡 (5)]
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (sinh (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5)) [3𝑡 3−1 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡) − 2(1) + 0]
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (sinh(𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5))[3𝑡 2 (1) − 2]
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = (sinh (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 5))[3𝑡 2 − 2]

3 3
𝑑
3. 𝑔(𝑠) = cosh (𝑠 2 ) Note that 𝑢 = 𝑠 2 , to find derivative of u use power rule 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢)

3 3
𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (sinh(𝑠 2 )) [𝑑𝑠 𝑠 3 ]
 3
3 3 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (sinh(𝑠 2 )) [2 𝑠 2−1 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠)]
3
3 1 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (sinh(𝑠 2 )) [2 𝑠 2 𝑑𝑠 (1)]
3
3 1
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (sinh(𝑠 2 )) [2 𝑠 2 (1)]
3
3 1
𝑔′ (𝑠) = (sinh (𝑠 2 )) [2 𝑠 2 ]

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
tanh 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of tanh 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = tanh (𝑥 2 )
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥 2 )) [ (𝑥 2 )]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥 2 )) [2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ (𝑥 ))[2𝑥(1)]
2 2

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥 2 ))[2𝑥]

2. ℎ(𝑥) = tanh √𝑥
1
𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 √𝑥)( √ 𝑥) that √𝑥 can be expressed as 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 2
(𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ √𝑥)(𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 )
1 1 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 √𝑥)(2 𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥))
1 −1 −1
1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 √𝑥)(2 𝑥 2 (1)) that 𝑥 2 can be expressed as 𝑥
√
1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 √𝑥)( )
2√𝑥

3. 𝑦 = tanh(𝑥 + 3)
𝑑
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥 + 3)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 3)]
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥 + 3)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (3)]
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥 + 3))[(1) + (0)]
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥 + 3)

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
coth 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of coth 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 (−) 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢

Example: Find the first derivative.
 1. 𝑓(𝑡) = coth (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) Note 𝑢 = 𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4) ; to find the derivative of u, use product rule
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ] [𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4))]
𝑑 𝑡 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ] [𝑡 2 ( (𝑡 − 4)) + (𝑡 − 4) 𝑡 ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑 𝑡
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ] [𝑡 2 ( (𝑡) − (4))
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
+ (𝑡 − 4) 2𝑡 2−1 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡)]
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) [𝑡 ((1) −
] 2 + (0)) (𝑡 − 4) 2𝑡(1)]
′ (𝑡) 2 2 2 2
𝑓 = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ (𝑡 (𝑡 − 4)) ][𝑡 + 2𝑡 − 8𝑡 ]
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = [−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 4)) ][3𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 ]

2. ℎ(𝑠) = coth((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))

𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) [𝑑𝑠 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))]
𝑑 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) [(𝑠 3 + 1) 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)) + (𝑠 + 2) 𝑑𝑠
(𝑠 3 + 1) ]

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) [(𝑠 3 + 1)( (𝑠) + (2)) + (𝑠 + 2) ( (𝑠 3 ) +
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠
𝑑
𝑑𝑠
(1)) ]

𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)) [(𝑠 3 + 1)(1 + 0) + (𝑠 + 2) (3𝑠 3−1 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠) + 0) ]
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))[𝑠 3 + 1 + (𝑠 + 2)(3𝑠 2 (1)) ]
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))[𝑠 3 + 1 + 3𝑠 3 + 6𝑠 2 ]
ℎ′ (𝑠) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ((𝑠 3 + 1)(𝑠 + 2))[4𝑠 3 + 6𝑠 2 + 1]

𝑟−3
3. 𝑔(𝑟) = coth (𝑟+4)
𝑟−3 𝑑 𝑟−3
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑟+4)) [𝑑𝑟 (𝑟+4)]
𝑑 𝑑
𝑟−3 (𝑟+4) (𝑟−3)−(𝑟−3) (𝑟+4)
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ( )) [ 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
]
𝑟+4 (𝑟+4)2
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑟−3 (𝑟+4)( (𝑟)− (3))−(𝑟−3)( (𝑟)+ (4))
′ (𝑟)
𝑔 = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑟+4)) [ 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
(𝑟+4)2
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
]
𝑟−3 (𝑟+4)(1−0)−(𝑟−3)(1+0)
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑟+4)) [ (𝑟+4)2
]
2 𝑟−3 (𝑟+4)−(𝑟−3)
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ (𝑟+4)) [ (𝑟+4)2 ]
𝑟−3 𝑟+4−𝑟+3
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 ( )) [ ]
𝑟+4 (𝑟+4)2
𝑟−3 7
𝑔′ (𝑟) = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑟+4)) [(𝑟+4)2 ]

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
csch 𝑢 = − csch 𝑢 coth 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of csch 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 negative (−) csch 𝑢 coth 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.
1.𝑦 = csch 𝑥 3
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (− csch 𝑥 3 coth 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 )
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥 3 coth 𝑥 3 [3𝑥 3−1 (𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥 3 coth 𝑥 3 [3𝑥 2 (1)]

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥 3 coth 𝑥 3 [3𝑥 2 ]

2.𝑓(𝑥) = csch 2√𝑥

1
𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− csch 2√𝑥 coth 2√𝑥 ) (2√𝑥) Note that √𝑥 can be expressed as 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
1
1 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− csch 2√𝑥 coth 2√𝑥 ) [2 𝑥 2−1 (𝑥)]
2 𝑑𝑥
−1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− csch 2√𝑥 coth 2√𝑥 ) [𝑥 2 (1)]
1
ℎ′ (𝑥) = (− csch 2√𝑥 coth 2√𝑥 )
√𝑥

3.𝑔(𝑥) = csch (𝑥 2 + 3)
𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csch(𝑥 2 + 3) coth(𝑥 2 + 3)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 3)]
𝑑 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csch coth(𝑥 2 + 3)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑑𝑥 (3)]

𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csch(𝑥 2 + 3) coth (𝑥 2 + 3)) [2𝑥 + 0]

𝑔′ (𝑥) = (− csch(𝑥 2 + 3) coth(𝑥 2 + 3)) (2𝑥)

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑢
sech 𝑢 = −sech 𝑢 tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

Derivative of sec 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢.

Example: Find the first derivative.
1.𝑦 = −sech (𝑥 2 + 𝑥)
𝑑
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (− sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) tanh(𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥))
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (− sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) tanh (𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)]
𝑑
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (− sech (𝑥 2 + 𝑥) tanh (𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) [2𝑥 2−1 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥) + (1)]

𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = (−sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) tanh(𝑥 2 + 𝑥)) [2𝑥 + 1]

 3
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ √𝑥 2
2
3 3 𝑑 3 3
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (−sech √𝑥 2 tanh √𝑥 2 )( 𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 ) Note √𝑥 2 can be expressed as 𝑥 3
2 2
3 3 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (−sech √𝑥 2 tanh √𝑥 2 )( 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3 ) use power rule to differentiate 𝑥 3
2
2 𝑑
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (−sech √𝑥 2 tanh √𝑥 2 )( 3 𝑥 3−1
3 3
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥))
−1 −1
3 3 2 1
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (−sech √𝑥 2 tanh √𝑥 2 )( 3 𝑥 3 (1)) Note that 𝑥 3 can be expressed as 3
√𝑥
3 3 2
𝑔′ (𝑥) = (−sech √𝑥 2 tanh √𝑥 2 )( 3 )
3 √𝑥

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = sech 3𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (− sech 3𝑥 tanh 3𝑥) (3𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =(−sech 3𝑥 tanh 3𝑥) 3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (− sech 3𝑥 tanh 3𝑥) 3(1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (−sech 3𝑥 tanh 3𝑥) 3

To determine if you understand the preceding discussion of basic differentiation, kindly solve
the practice exercises below.
Practice Exercises: Solve the following problems applying the different differentiation formula. State the
correct formula and concept to be use in simplifying the equation. Enjoy and have fun solving
derivatives.

Very good job in patiently answering the given problems. To check your work, see below the
solution of this practice exercises.
Answer to practice exercises

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5eOTtqgwJs
 Module 17
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
In this module the derivatives of 6 inverse hyperbolic functions will be discussed. The
hyperbolic functions are:
1. Derivative of inverse hyperbolic sine function
2. Derivative of inverse hyperbolic cosine function
3. Derivative of inverse hyperbolic tangent function
4. Derivative of inverse hyperbolic cotangent function
5. Derivative of inverse hyperbolic secant function
6. Derivative of inverse hyperbolic cosecant function

At the end of the lesson, the student can:

1. Use and apply the different hyperbolic function differentiation formula.

2. Explain how to use the hyperbolic function differentiation formula.
3. Determine and identify which differentiation rule will be used in a given problem.
4. Simplify the equation expressed in simplest form.

Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Sine

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1+𝑢2

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula , 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1+𝑢2
Solution :
𝑑
(𝑒 tan 𝑥 )
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
recall
𝑑
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
√1+(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
(𝑒 tan 𝑥 )
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
√1+(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2
𝑑
𝑒 tan 𝑥 (tan 𝑥)
′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 = recall tan 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 (𝑢)
√1+(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝑒 tan 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
√1+(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2
𝑒 tan 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (1)
𝑦′ =
√1+(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2
𝑒 tan 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑦′ =
√1+(𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2
 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 ln sec 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula , 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1+𝑢2
𝑑 𝑑
(ln sec 𝑥) (𝑢)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
recall
𝑑
ln 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
√1+ (ln sec 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑢 𝑢
𝑑
(sec 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = sec 𝑥
recall
𝑑
sec 𝑢 = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
√1+ (ln sec 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
′ (𝑥) sec 𝑥
𝑓 =
√1+ (ln sec 𝑥)2
tan 𝑥 (1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√1+ (ln sec 𝑥)2
tan 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√1+ (ln sec 𝑥)2

3. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 cos 𝑒 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula , 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √1+𝑢2
𝑑
(cos 𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
recall
𝑑
cos 𝑢 = − sin 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
√1+ (cos 𝑒 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
− sin 𝑒 𝑥(𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
recall
𝑑
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
√1+ (cos 𝑒 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
(− sin 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 ) (𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2
√1+ (cos 𝑒 )
(− sin 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 )(1)
𝑔′ (𝑥) =
√1+ (cos 𝑒 𝑥 )2
(− sin 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑔′ (𝑥) =
√1+ (cos 𝑒 𝑥 )2

Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Cosine

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
2
√𝑢 −1

Example: Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑔(𝑠) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 (ln csc 𝑠)

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √𝑢2 −1
𝑑 𝑑
− (ln csc 𝑠) (𝑢)
′ (𝑠) 𝑑𝑠 𝑑
𝑔 = recall ln 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
√(ln csc 𝑠)2 −1 𝑑𝑢 𝑢
𝑑
(csc 𝑠)
−𝑑𝑠
𝑔′ (𝑠) = csc 𝑠
recall
𝑑
csc 𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
√(ln csc 𝑠)2 −1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
(− csc 𝑠 cot 𝑠 (𝑠)
− 𝑑𝑠
𝑔′ (𝑠) = csc 𝑠
√(ln csc 𝑠)2 −1
cot 𝑠 (1)
𝑔′ (𝑠) =
√(ln csc 𝑠)2 −1
 cot 𝑠
𝑔′ (𝑠) =
√(ln csc 𝑠)2 −1

2. ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑒 cot 𝑡

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √𝑢2 −1
𝑑
(𝑒 cot 𝑡 )
ℎ′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
recall
𝑑
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
√(𝑒 cot 𝑡 )2 −1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝑒 cot 𝑡 (cot 𝑡)
ℎ′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
recall
𝑑
cot 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
√(𝑒 cot 𝑡 )2 −1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝑒 cot 𝑡 (− 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑡) (𝑡)
ℎ′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
√(𝑒 cot 𝑡 )2 −1
𝑒 cot 𝑡 (− 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑡)(1)
ℎ′ (𝑡) =
√(𝑒 cot 𝑡 )2 −1
𝑒 cot 𝑡 (− 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑡)
ℎ′ (𝑡) =
√(𝑒 cot 𝑡 )2 −1

3. 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 sin 𝑒 𝑟

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 √𝑢2 −1
𝑑
(sin 𝑒 𝑟 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑟) = 𝑑𝑟
recall
𝑑
sin 𝑢 = cos 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
√(sin 𝑒 𝑟 )2 −1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
(cos 𝑒 𝑟 ) (𝑒 𝑟 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑟) = 𝑑𝑟
√(sin 𝑒 𝑟 )2 −1
(cos 𝑒 𝑟 )(𝑒 𝑟 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑟) =
√(sin 𝑒 𝑟 )2 −1

Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Tangent

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
1−𝑢2

Example : Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 cosh 𝑒 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1−𝑢2
𝑑
(cosh 𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
1−(cosh 𝑒 𝑥 )2
that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(cosh 𝑒 𝑥 ) ; apply derivative of hyperbolic cosh, that is
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
cosh 𝑢 = sinh 𝑢
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑑
(sinh 𝑒 𝑥 ) (𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑒 𝑥2
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
that (𝑒 𝑥 ); apply derivative of exponential function, that is 𝑒 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒𝑢
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑑
(sinh 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥))
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 2 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

(sinh 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 (1))

𝑔′ (𝑥) = 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 2 𝑒 𝑥
′ (𝑥) (sinh 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑔 = 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 2 𝑒 𝑥
 2. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 ln sinh 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1−𝑢2
𝑑
(ln sinh 𝑥) 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2
that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(ln sinh 𝑥); apply derivative of natural logarithm, that is
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
ln 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
𝑑
(sinh 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = sinh 𝑥
1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2
recall
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
sin 𝑢 = cos 𝑢
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑑
cosh 𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = sinh 𝑥
1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2
cosh 𝑥 (1)
′ (𝑥) sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥 (1)
ℎ = 1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2
that
sinh 𝑥
= coth 𝑥
coth 𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 sec 𝑥 2

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1−𝑢2
𝑑
(sec 𝑥 2 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
that
𝑑
(sec 𝑥 2 ) ; apply derivative of secant function, that is
𝑑
sec 𝑢 = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 (𝑢)
𝑑
1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑
𝑑
sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2
that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 ); apply derivative of power rule, that is
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑑
(sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥))
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥

(sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥(1))

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2
(sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1−(ln sinh 𝑥)2

Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Cotangent

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1−𝑢2

Example:

1. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 csc 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1−𝑢2

𝑑
(csc 𝑒 𝑥 )
′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 = − 1−(csc 𝑒 𝑥 )2
that
𝑑𝑥
(csc 𝑒 𝑥 ); apply derivative of cosecant function, that is csc 𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑑
(− csc 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑒 𝑥 ) (𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑦′ = − 1−(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 ) ; apply derivative of exponential function, that is
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑑
(− csc 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥))
𝑦′ = − 𝑑𝑥
1−(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑒 𝑥 )
(− csc 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 (1))
𝑦′ = − 1−(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑒 𝑥 )
(− csc 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑦′ = −
1−(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑒 𝑥 )
 2. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 sinh ln 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1−𝑢2

𝑑
(sinh ln 𝑥 )
′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 = 1−(sinh ln 𝑥)2
that
𝑑𝑥
(sinh ln 𝑥 ) ; apply derivative of hyperbolic sine, that
𝑑𝑢
sinh 𝑢 = cosh 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)

𝑑
(cosh ln 𝑥) (ln 𝑥) 𝑑
′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑦 = 2 that (ln 𝑥) ; apply derivative of natural logarithm, that is ln 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ (ln 𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑢

𝑑
(𝑥)
(cosh ln 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
′ 𝑥
𝑦 = 1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (ln 𝑥))

1
(cosh ln 𝑥) 𝑎
′ 𝑥 𝑎
𝑦 = 1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (ln 𝑥))
apply simplifying fraction similar to 𝑏
𝑐
=
𝑏𝑐

(cosh ln 𝑥)
𝑦′ = 𝑥(1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (ln 𝑥))

3. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 ln cosh 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1−𝑢2
𝑑 𝑑
(ln cosh 𝑥) (𝑢)
′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑦 = 1−(ln cosh 𝑥)2
recall
𝑑𝑢
ln 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
𝑑
(cosh 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ = cosh 𝑥
recall
𝑑
cosh 𝑢 = sinh 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
1− (ln cosh 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
sinh 𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
′ cosh 𝑥
𝑦 = 1− (ln cosh 𝑥)2
sinh 𝑥
𝑦′ = cosh 𝑥
1− (ln cosh 𝑥)2
that
sinh 𝑥
cosh 𝑥
= tanh 𝑥
tanh 𝑥
𝑦′ = 1− (ln cosh 𝑥)2

Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Secant

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√1−𝑢2

Example :

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
where is 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√1−𝑢2
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) 𝑑 𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
that (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) ; apply derivative of inverse sine, that is 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑢 = √1−𝑢
𝑑𝑢
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)2
−1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)2
 1
𝑎
′ (𝑥) √1−𝑥2 𝑎
𝑓 = apply simplifying fraction similar to 𝑏
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)2 𝑐 𝑏𝑐

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√1−𝑥 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)2 )

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
where is 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√1−𝑢2

𝑑
(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑑
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑓 = that (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 ); apply derivative of inverse tangent, that is 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑢) = 𝑑𝑢
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 √1−(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 1+𝑢2

𝑑 𝑥
(𝑒 )
𝑑𝑥
1+(𝑒𝑥 )2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = that
𝑑
(𝑒 𝑥 ); apply derivative of exponential function, that is
𝑑
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 √1−(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑑
𝑒𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
′ (𝑥) 1+𝑒2𝑥
𝑓 =
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 √1−(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 )2
𝑒𝑥 (1)
𝑎
′ (𝑥) 1+𝑒2𝑥 𝑎
𝑓 = apply simplifying fraction similar to 𝑏
=
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 √1−(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 )2 𝑐 𝑏𝑐

𝑒𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(1+𝑒 2𝑥 )𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 √1−(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥 )2

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
where is 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√1−𝑢2
𝑑
(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥) 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑 (𝑢)
that (𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥), apply derivative of inverse secant, that is 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢

𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 −1

𝑑
(ln 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
ln 𝑥√(ln 𝑥)2 −1 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑 𝑑 (𝑢)
that (ln 𝑥); apply derivative of natural logarithm, that is (ln 𝑢) = 𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑢

𝑑
(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑥 √(ln 𝑥)2 −1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥)2
1
𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑥 √(ln 𝑥)2 −1 𝑎
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = for the numerator apply simplifying fraction similar to 𝑏
=
𝑎
𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥)2 𝑐 𝑏𝑐
1

𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 √(ln 𝑥)2 −1 𝑎

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = apply simplifying fraction similar to 𝑏
=
𝑎
𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥√1−(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥)2 𝑐 𝑏𝑐

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 √(ln 𝑥)2 −1(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥)√1−(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ln 𝑥)2
Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Cosecant
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ−1 𝑢 =− 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 +1

Example : Find the first derivative.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ −1 tanh 𝑥 2
𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 +1
𝑑
− (tanh 𝑥 2 )
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
that
𝑑
tanh 𝑥 2; apply derivative of hyperbolic tan, that is
𝑑
tanh 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
tanh 𝑥 2 √(tanh 𝑥 2 )2 +1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑑
− sech 𝑥 2(𝑥 2 )
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥
that
𝑑
(𝑥 2 ), apply power rule
𝑑
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑
(𝑢)
tanh 𝑥 √(tanh 𝑥 2 )2 +1
2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑑
(− sech 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥 2−1 (𝑥))
′ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 =
tanh 𝑥 2 √(tanh 𝑥 2 )2 +1

(−sech 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥(1))
𝑦′ =
tanh 𝑥 2 √(tanh 𝑥 2 )2 +1

(− sech 𝑥 2 )(2𝑥)
𝑦′ =
tanh 𝑥 2 √(tanh 𝑥 2 )2 +1

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ−1 𝑒 coth 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 +1
𝑑
− (𝑒 coth 𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
that
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 coth 𝑥 , apply derivative of exponential function
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑒 coth 𝑥 √(𝑒 coth 𝑥 )2 +1

𝑑
−𝑒 coth 𝑥 (coth 𝑥)
′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑓 = that
𝑑𝑥
(coth 𝑥) , apply derivative of hyperbolic cotangent 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
coth 𝑢 = −csch 𝑢 cot 𝑢
𝑑
𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
𝑒 coth 𝑥 √(𝑒 coth 𝑥 )2 +1

𝑑
−(−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥) (𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
note that −(−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
√(𝑒 coth 𝑥 )2 +1
(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥)(1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√(𝑒 coth 𝑥 )2 +1
𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√(𝑒 coth 𝑥 )2 +1

3. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ−1 ln sinh 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝑢)
To find the first derivative of the function, follow the formula, 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ−1 𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢√𝑢2 +1
𝑑
(ln sinh 𝑥) 𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢)
that 𝑢 = ln sinh 𝑥, apply derivative of natural logarithm ln 𝑢 =
ln sinh 𝑥 √(ln sinh 𝑥)2 +1 𝑑𝑢 𝑢

𝑑
(sinh 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = − sinh 𝑥
that
𝑑
(sinh 𝑥) , apply derivative of hyperbolic sin, that is
𝑑
sinh 𝑢 = cosh 𝑢
𝑑
(𝑢)
ln sinh 𝑥 √(ln sinh 𝑥)2 +1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
 𝑑
(cosh 𝑥) (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = − sinh 𝑥
ln sinh 𝑥 √(ln sinh 𝑥)2 +1
(cosh 𝑥) (1)

ℎ′ (𝑥) = − sinh 𝑥
that
cosh 𝑥
= coth 𝑥, it’s ratio identity of hyperbolic tangent
ln sinh 𝑥 √(ln sinh 𝑥)2 +1 sinh 𝑥

coth 𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = −
ln sinh 𝑥 √(ln sinh 𝑥)2 +1

To determine if you understand the preceding discussion of basic differentiation, kindly solve the
practice exercises below.
Practice Exercises: Solve the following problems applying the different differentiation formula. State the
correct formula and concept to be use in simplifying the equation. Enjoy and have fun solving
derivatives.
1.

Very good job in patiently answering the given problems. To check your work, see
below the solution of this practice exercises.
Answer to practice exercises