Short Answer Type Questions - II

Q. 1. Give three main points of difference between a compound and a mixture.

Ans.
Compound Mixture
1. They are made up of two or more 1. They are made up of two or more
elements combined chemically. substances combined physically.

2. The constituents of a compound are 2. The constituents of a mixture are

present in a fixed ratio. present in varying ratios.
3. Compounds are pure substances. 3. Mixture are impure substances.

Q. 2. Define homogeneous and heterogeneous [DDE, 2017-18]

Ans. Homogenous mixture: The mixture whose composition is uniform throughout is
called homogeneous mixture. e.g. sugar solution in water
Heterogeneous mixture: The mixture whose composition is not uniform throughout is
called heterogenous mixture. e.g. mixture of salt and sugar
Q. 3. Write seven fundamental quantities and their units. [DDE, 2017-18]
Ans.
Fundamental Quantity SI Unit
1. Metre Metre
2. Kilogram Kilogram
3. Time Second
4. Electric current Ampere
5. Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin
6. Amount of substance Mole
7. Luminous intensity Candela

Q. 4. The mass of precious stones is expressed in term of ‘carat’. Given than 1

carat = 3.168 grains and 1 gram = 15.4 grains, calculate the total mass of a ring in
grams and kilograms which contains 0.500 carat diamond and 7.00 gram gold.
Ans. The unit conversion factors to be used will be
1 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡 3.168 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠
1= =
3.168 1 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡
1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 15.4 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠
1= =
15.4 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
0.500 carat = 0.500 carat
3.168 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
× ×
1 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡 15.4 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠

= 0.10 gram
∴ Total mass of the ring (in gram)
= 7.00 + 0.10 = 7.10 g
Total mass of the ring (in kg)
1 𝑘𝑔
= 7.10 g ×
1000 𝑔
= 0.0071 kg.
Q. 5. Calculate
(i) Mass in gram of 5.8 mol N2O
(ii) Number of moles in 8.0 g of O2
(iii) Molar mass if 11.2 L at STP weight 8.5 g [DDE, 2017-18]
Ans. (i) Molecular mass of N2O = 2(14) + 16 = 44
Mass = Molecular mass × No. of moles
= 44 × 5.8
= 255.2 g
(ii) Number of moles of
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑂2
O2 =
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑂2

0.8
=
32
= 0.25 mol
(iii) ∵ 11.2 L at STP weight = 8.5 g
8.5
∴ 22.4 L at STP will weight = × 22.4
11.2
= 17 g mol–1
Q. 6. 16 g of an ideal gas SOx occupies 5.6 L at STP. What is its molecular mass?
What is the value of X? [DDE, 2017-18]
Ans. ∵ 5.6 L at STP weight = 16 g
16
∴ 22.4 L at STP will weight = × 22.4
5.6
= 64 g mol–1
SO𝑥 = 64
32 + 𝑥 × 16 = 64
16𝑥 = 64 – 32 = 32
32
𝑥= =2
16
Q. 7. Calculate the number of moles:
(i) 5.0 L of 0.75 M Na2 CO3
(ii) 7.85 g of Fe
(iii) 34.2 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) [DDE, 2017-18]
Ans. (i) Number of moles of Na2CO3 = Molarity × Volume of solution in litre
= 0.75 × 5
= 3.75 mol
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
(ii) Number of moles of Fe =
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
7.85
=
56

= 0.14
(iii) Number of moles of sucrose
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
=
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
34.2
=
342
= 0.1

Q. 8. A compound contains 4.07% hydrogen, 24.27% carbon and 71.65% chlorine.

Its molar mass is 98.96 g. What are its empirical and molecular formulae? [DDE,
2017-18]
Ans.
 Element % of Atomic Relative no. of Simplest Simplest
element mass moles molar whole
ratio number
molar ratio
C 24.27 12 24.27 2.02 1
= 2.02 = 1
12 2.02
H 4.07 1 4.07 4.07 2
= 4.07 = 2
1 2.02
Cl 71.65 35.5 71.65 2.02 1
= 2.02 = 1
35.5 2.02

∴ Empirical formula of compound = CH2Cl

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑛=
𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

Molecular mass = 98.96 g

Empirical formula mass = 12 + 2(1) + 35.5
= 49.5
98.96
𝑛= =2
49.5
∴ Molecular formula = 𝑛 × Empirical formula
= 2 × CH2Cl
= C2H4Cl2
Q. 9. A compound made up of two elements A and B has A = 70%, B = 30%. Their
relative number of moles in the compound is 12.5 and 1.88, calculate:
(i) Atomic masses of the elements A and B
(ii) Molecular mass is found to be 160. [DDE, 2017-18]
Ans. Atomic mass of elements A
% 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴
=
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
70
=
1.25
Atomic mass of element B
% 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐵
=
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
 30
=
1.88
= 15.957 ≈ 16
(ii) Simplest molar Ratio Simplest whole
number ratio
1.25 2
𝐴− = 1
1.25
1.88 3
𝐵− = 1.5
1.25

∴ Empirical formula of compound = A2B3

Molecular mass = 160
Empirical formula mass = 2(56) + 3(16)
= 112 + 48 = 160
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑛=
𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
160
= =1
160

∴ Molecular formula
= 𝑛 × Empirical formula
= 1 × A2B3
= A2B3
Q. 10. (i) A black dot used as a full stop at the end of a sentence has a mass of
about one attogram. Assuming that the dot is made up of carbon, calculate the
approximate number of carbon atoms present in the dot.
(ii) What is the different between empirical formula and molecular formula?
[DDE, 2017-18]
Ans. (i) Number of particles in a mole = 6.022 × 1023
1 attogram = 10–18g
Number of carbon atom = 1
Atomic mass of carbon = 12
∵ 12 g of carbon contain
 = 1 × 6.022 × 1023 carbon atoms
∴ 10–18 g of carbon contains
1 × 6.022 × 1023 × 10−18
=
12
= 5.02 × 104 carbon atoms
(ii)
Empirical Formula Molecular Formula
An empirical formula The molecular formula
represents the simplest whole shows the exact number of
number ratio of various atoms different types of atoms
present in a compound. present in a molecule of a
compound.

Q. 11. Calculate the amount of CO2 that could be produced when:

(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
(ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of O2.
Ans.

Amount of CO2 produced = 44 g

(ii) Amount of O2 produced from 44 g of CO2 is 32 g.
i.e., 32 g of O2 is produced from 44 g of CO2
44
16 g will be produced from × 16
32

= 22 g of CO2.
(iii) Amount of CO2 produced when 2 moles or 24 g of C are burnt in 16 g (limited
amount) of O2 = 22 g.
Q. 12. A crystalline salt on being rendered anhydrous loses 45.6% of its weight.
The percentage composition of the anhydrous salt is Aluminium = 10.50%,
Potassium = 15.1% Sulphur = 24.96%, Oxygen = 49.92%. Find the simplest
formula of the anhydrous and crystalline salt.
Ans. Step 1. To calculate the empirical formula of the anhydrous salt
 Name of % of Atomic % of mass Simplest Simplest
element element mass of atomic Whole no.
element ratio ratio
Potassium 15.1 39 15.1 0.39 1
= 0.39 = 1
39 0.39
Aluminium 10.50 27 10.59 0.39 1
= 0.39 = 1
(Al) 27 0.39
Sulphur (S) 24.96 32 24.96 0.78 2
= 0.78 = 2
32 0.39
Oxygen (O) 49.92 16 49.96 3.12 8
= 3.12 = 8
16 0.39

The empirical formula of the anhydrous salt is KAIS2O8.

Step 2. Weight of KAIS2O8 = 258 u.
Step 3. The mass of empirical formula of anhydrous salt:
Loss of water due to dehydration = 45.6%
∴ Empirical formula mass of anhydrous salt (assuming empirical formula mass of the
hydrated sample to be 100) – 45.6 = 54.4 u
100
When empirical formula mass of anhydrous salt is 258 u, that of hydrated is = ×
54.4
258
= 473.3 u.
Step 4. To calculate the number of water molecules. Decrease in weight due to water
loss
= 473.3 – 258 = 215.3
215.3
Total number of H2O molecules =
18
= 11.96 = 12.
Step 5. Empirical formula of Hydrated salt is = KAIS2O8.12H2O.

Q. 13. In sulphur estimation of 0.157 h of an organic compound gave 0.4813 g of

barium sulphate. What is the percentage of sulphur in the compound?
[At. Mass of (a) Barium = 137 u (b) Sulphur = 32 u (c) Oxygen = 16 u]
[KVS 2015-16, Mumbai Region]
Ans. Mass of organic compound = 0.157 g
 Mass of BaSO4 = 0.4813 g
Percentage of sulphur
32 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂4
= × × 100
233 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑
32 0.4813
= × × 100
233 0.157
= 42.10%
Q. 14. The reaction 2C + O2 → 2CO is carried out by taking 24.0 g of carbon and
96.0 g of O2.
Find out
(i) Which reactant is left in excess?
(ii) How much of it is left?
(iii) How many grams of the other reactant should be taken so that nothing is left
at the end of the reaction? [DDE, 2017-18]
Ans.

24 g of carbon will react with 32 g of O 2 to from 56 g of CO.

So, oxygen is left in excess.
(ii) Amount of oxygen left = 96 – 32 – 64 g
(iii) Mass of other reactant= 96 – 24 = 72 g
Q. 15. 25 kg of N2 and 6 kg of H2 are mixed to produce NH3.
(i) Identify the limiting reagent.
(ii) Calculate the amount of ammonia formed in this reaction.
[KVS, Silchar Region, 2016-17]
Ans. N2 + 3H2 → 2 NH3
(i) 1 mole N2 requires 3 moles of H2
∵ 28 kg N2 require 6 kg H2
6
∴ 25 kg N2 will require = × 25 = 5.36 kg H2
28
Hence, N2 is the limiting reagent.
(ii) 1 N2 produces 2 moles NH3
∵ 28 kg N2 produce 34 moles NH3
 34
∴ 25 kg N2 will produce = × 25
28
= 30.26 kg NH3
Q. 16. To account for atomic mass of nitrogen as 14.0067, what should be the
ratio of 15N and 14N atoms in natural nitrogen?
[At. Mass of 14N = 14.00307u and 15N = 15.001u]
Ans. Let the % of 14N = 𝑥
% of 15N = 100 – 𝑥
The average atomic mass calculated will be:
𝑥 × 14.00307 + (100 − 𝑥) × 15.001
14.0067 =
100
Or 1400.67 = 1500.1 + 14.00307𝑥 – 15.001𝑥
= 1500.1 – .99793𝑥
99.43
Or 𝑥=
0.99793
= 99.636
∴ % of 14N = 99.636
% of 15N = 100 – 99.636
= 0.364.
52.5
Weight in present in 100 cm3 = × 100
1000
= 5.205 g.
Q. 17. (i) What is limiting reactant?
(ii) Oxygen is prepared by catalytic decomposition of potassium chlorate
(KCIO3). Decomposition of potassium chlorate gives potassium chloride (KCI)
and oxygen (02). If 2.45 mol of oxygen is needed for an experiment, how many
grams of potassium chlorate must be decomposed?
Ans. (i) It is the reactant which is entirely consumed when reaction goes to
completion.
(ii) 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
Molecular weight of KClO 3
= 39 + 35.5 + 3 × 16
 = 122.5
For 3 moles of O2 we need
= 2 × 122.5 g of KClO3
For 2.4 moles of O2 we need
2 × 122.5
= × 2.4
3
= 196 g of KClO3
Q. 18. Explain the use of limiting and excess reagents in a chemical reaction.

Ans. In a chemical reaction, sometimes, an excess of one or more substance is

available.
Naturally, some of these excess substances will be left over when the reaction is
complete.
The reaction stops immediately as soon as one of the reactant is totally consumed.
Consider a chemical reaction given below initiated by passing a spark through a
reaction vessel containing 16 moles of H 2 and 10 moles of O2.

The balanced equation could be

2H2 (g) + O2 (g) →2H2 O(g)
No. of moles
16 10 0
Before reaction
No. of moles 0 2 16
After reaction
(Since 2 moles of H2 = one mole of O2)
From the above example it is clear that the reaction stops after the consumption of 8
moles of O2 since no further amount of H 2 is left to react with unreacted O 2.
The substance H2, that is completely consumed is called limiting reagent as it limits
the amount of the product formed.
The other substance present in excess is called excess reagent. Here, O 2 is excess
reagent.
Q. 19. If 4 g of NaOH dissolves in 36g of H2O, calculate the mole fraction of each
component in the solution. Also, determine the molarity of solution (specific
gravity of solution is 1 g ml-1)
Ans.
Q. 20. Calculate the volume of 0.05 KMnO 4 solution required to oxidise
completely 2.70 g of oxalic acid in acidic solution.
Ans. The oxidation of oxalic acid by KMnO 4 is done by the chemical equation
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5[O]
H2C2O4 + [O] → 2CO2 + H2O × 5
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2C2O4 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 10CO2
Step I. To oxidise completely 2.70 g of oxalic acid the number of moles of KMnO 4
required are:
Molar mass of H2C2O4
= 2 × 1 + 2 × 12 + 4 × 16 = 90.0 g mol–1
∴ No. of moles of H2C2O4 contained in 2.70 g of oxalic acid are
2.70
= = 0.03
90.0
5 moles of H2C2O4 are oxidised by 2 moles of KMnO4
2
∴ 0.03 mole of it is oxidized by = × 0.03
5
= 0.012 mole of KMnO 4
Step II. The volume of 0.05 KMnO4 solution required is:
Now 0.05 mole of KMnO 4 are contained in 1000 cm3 of solution.
∴ 0.012 mole of KMnO4 will be contained in
1000
= × 0.012
0.05
= 240 cm3 of solution
Thus, the required volume of 0.05 M KMnO 4
Solution = 240 cm3.
Q. 21. What weight of iodine is liberated from a solution of potassium iodine
when 1 litre of Cl2 gas at 10°C and 750 mm pressure is passed through it?
Ans. The reaction is 2KI + Cl2 → 2KCl + I2
22.4 L at STP 2 × 127 = 254 g
(V1) volume of Cl2 gas = 1 L, V2 = volume of gas at STP =?
750
(P1) Pressure = atm, P2 = atm
760
Temperature (T1) = 10°C + 273 = 283 K,
T2 = 273 K
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑇2
∴ V2 = ×
𝑇1 𝑃2
750 × 1 × 273
= = 0.952 L
760 × 283 × 1
∴ Volume of Cl2 (g) passed at STP = 0.952 L
Now 22.4 of Cl2 produces at STP = 254 g of I 2
0.952 L of Cl2 at STP will produce
 254
= × 0.952 g of I2
22.4
= 10.795 g of I2.
Q. 22. The mass of precious stones is expressed in term of ‘carat’. Given that 1
carat = 3.168 grains and 1 gram = 15.4 grains, calculate the total mass of a ring
in grams and kilograms which contains 0.500 carat diamond and 7.00 gram gold.
Ans. The unit conversion factors to be used will be
1 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡 3.168
1= =
3.168 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 1 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡
1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 15.4
1= =
15.4 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
3.168 1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
0.500 carat = 0.500 carat × ×
1 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡 15.4 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠

= 0.10 gram
∴ Total mass of the ring (in gram)
= 7.00 + 0.10 = 7.10 g
Total mass of the ring (in kg)
1 𝑘𝑔
= 7.10 g
1000 𝑔

= 0.0071 kg.