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Contents
1 Earth Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 geophysics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 geobiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 geochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.4 hydrogeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.5 limnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.6 mineral physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.7 mineralogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.8 paleontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1.9 petrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
1.10 seismology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
1.11 structural geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
1.12 tectonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
1.13 natural hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
1.14 climate and environmental change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
1.15 groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
1.16 earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
1.17 volcanoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
1.18 oceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
1.19 magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
1.20 fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
1.21 sediments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
1. Earth Science
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 geophysics
1. Earthquake strength is measured by C. volcanic eruption
A. VEI D. flooding
B. Moment Magnitude Scale
5. The volcanoes along converging oceanic
C. Beaufort Scale plate boundaries may form
D. Mercalli Scale A. a hot spot
2. What is the color of the hazard that is B. a part of the mid-ocean ridge
HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE, ready for people to
C. an island arc
evacuate?
D. a subducting plate
A. RED
B. YELLOW 6. Which of these is NOT a geographic fac-
C. GREEN tor affecting the impact of a geophysical
event?
D. MAROON 5
A. Magnitude
3. When does a hazard becomes a Disaster?
B. Population density
A. no vulnerable population
C. Energy security
B. there is threat of damage or loss of
D. Secondary Hazards
lives or property
C. no hazard 7. If a volcano’s magma is high in silicia, the
D. none of above volcano will probably
A. erupt quietly
4. Of these four natural hazards, which is the
hardest to predict? B. remain dormant
A. hurricane C. erupt explosively
B. earthquake D. produce dark color lava
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. A
1.1 geophysics 3
8. Massive downward movement of slope- 13. The slope of a distance time graph shows
forming materials the of an object.

A. Landslide A. Height
B. Earthquake B. Uphill distance
C. Aftershocks C. Downhill distance
D. Volcanic Eruption D. Speed
14. Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which lay-

9. The level of risk of a disaster depends on
ers of lava alternate with layers of ash are
A. Nature of the hazard called
B. Vulnerability of the elements which are A. shield volcanoes
affected B. cinder cone volcanoes
C. Economic value of the elements which C. composite volcanoes
are affected
D. lava plateaus
D. All of the above
15. Which of the following is NOT a type of
10. Hazard risk is earthquake resistant design?
A. how dangerous the natural hazard A. Moment resisting frames
is B. Shear walls and cross bracing
B. how much damage has been C. Horizontal frames (diaphragms)
caused
D. Tall buildings
C. how many hazards there have
been 16. A social factor influencing vulnerability to
geophysical hazards is
D. how vulnerable you are to natural
hazards A. Education
B. Frequency
11. Which of the following is an example of
mass movement? C. GDP
A. landslide D. Access to technology
B. earthquake 17. A positive slope on a distance vs. time

graph shows which of the following?
C. tornado
A. Going down hill
D. flooding
B. Slowing down
12. The main hazard from a shield volcanic C. Going forward (away from origin)
eruption is
D. Going backwards (towards the origin)
A. volcanic bombs
18. A natural hazard is an event or process
B. lava flows
that
C. volcanic cinders
A. has caused damage and harm to
D. volcanic ash human life
9. D 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. B

1.1 geophysics 4
B. has the potential to cause damage 24. Define the slope of a line.
and harm to human life A. Where the line crosses the y-axis
C. only causes harm to the natural en- B. How close the data is to the trendline
vironment
C. The steepness/angle of a line
D. none of above
D. 27
19. How much does a geophysicist earn in 5 to
ten years 25. Which of the following is an example of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
geological hazard?
A. a coupon
A. Storm Surge
B. $2
B. Earthquake
C. .1% of a penny
C. Tropical Storm
D. $99, 000
D. Tornado
20. Where do geophysicists work
26. What are the signs of impending sink-
A. mostly outdoors
hole?
B. In a computer
A. Cracks in the Ground
C. In a Trash can
B. Flood
D. In a volcano
C. Sudden drainage of the pond
21. What type of volcano was Mt Vesuvius? D. none of above
A. Shield Volcano
27. How tall is a typical freshman student?
B. Composite Volcano
A. 1 meter
C. Cinder Volcano
B. 1.5 meters
D. none of above
C. 2.5 meters
22. What is one special skill a geophysicist D. 30 meters
need
28. What is a natural disaster?
A. able to eat a pineapple
A. A red letter day
B. able to drive a car
B. A bad thing caused by a bad person
C. Has a high level of computer skills
C. An event that causes suffering brought
D. Able to write a number
on by nature
23. Determining areas prone to the impacts of D. An event that causes suffering brought
earthquake, and then implementing land on by an enemy
use regulation and planning for new devel-
opmental activities is known as 29. Volcanic belts form along
A. Earthquake Diversion A. islands in the Pacific Ocean
B. Slope Stabilisation B. North American mountain ranges
C. Land Use Zoning C. the boundaries of Earth’s plates
D. Insurance D. the coast of Antarctica
19. D 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. A
1.1 geophysics 5
30. The strongest earthquake in the world hap- 36. The level of harm by a hazard is governed
pened in by

A. Chile A. Magnitude of the hazard
B. Haiti
B. Frequency of the hazard
C. Dominican Republic
C. Intensity at the impact point
D. Japan
D. All of the above
31. The measurement of the strength or inten-
sity of a hazard is 37. How long is an sharpened pencil?
A. magnitude
A. 9 centimeters
B. duration
B. 19 centimeters
C. frequency
C. 29 centimeters
D. scale of impact
D. 50 centimeters
32. Before lava reaches the surface it is called
A. rock 38. What was the highest recorded earth-
B. magma quake magnitude in history
C. volcanic ash A. 8.5 Richter Scale
D. liquid fire B. 9.5 Richter Scale
33. Earthquakes are found at C. 9.6 Richter Scale
A. constructive, destructive and conser-
D. 9.0 Richter Scale
vative plate margins
B. constructive and destructive plate 39. What is the reason why people live in dan-
margins gerous areas?
C. conservative and destructive plate A. For the views
margins
B. Because of cheap land
D. constructive and conservative plate
margins C. For the proximity to recreational op-
portunities
34. Earthquake is an example of
A. tectonic hazard D. For all of the reasons
B. biological hazard
40. What is the definition of speed?
C. atmospheric hazard
A. The time it takes an objects to acceler-
D. environmental hazard ate
35. Which is not an element of Disaster Risk? B. The distance traveled in a given
A. vulnerability amount of time.
B. hazard C. How long it takes for an object to reach
C. exposure its destination
D. relief D. none of above
31. A 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. B 41. C
1.1 geophysics 6
41. The long tube in the ground that connects B. Submarine Landslide
the magma chamber to Earth’s surface is C. Tsunami
called the
D. Cyclone
A. vent
B. side vent 47. Which of these is NOT a secondary impact
of an earthquake?
C. pipe
A. Lahars
D. crater
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Landslides
42. What was the picture on slide 4 C. Tsunamis
A. flintstones D. Aftershocks
B. a crocodile
48. Which is the term used to describe the
C. Ugandan knuckles movement of one plate beneath another?
D. barney A. Convection
43. What is the sudden collapse of the land? B. Subduction
A. Sinkhole C. Rifting
B. Landslide D. Convergence
C. Submarine Landslide 49. The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is
D. Earthquake one example of
A. volcanoes forming over a hot spot
44. What are giant ocean-going waves that
are caused by an underwater earthquake B. volcanoes forming along a plate bound-
or volcanic eruptions called? ary
A. Tsunamis C. the Ring of Fire
B. Earthquake D. continental drift
C. Tornadoes 50. Techniques that aims to stabilize an unsta-
D. Hurricanes ble or inadequately stable slope in an ef-
fort to reduce landslides is known as
45. What is the type of disaster that discusses A. Slope Stabilisation
the motion, behavior, or physics of the
Earth? B. Lava Diversion
A. Hydrometeorological Hazard C. Earthquake resistant design
B. Geophysical Hazard D. Insurance
C. Storm Surge 51. There are centimeters in 1 meter.
D. Landslide A. 1
46. Earthquake shaking that can induce land- B. 10

slide underwater C. 100
A. Landslide D. 1000
42. A 43. A 44. A 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. A 51. C
1.2 geobiology 7
1.2 geobiology

1. Several groups of different species plus C. geothermal
abiotic factors. D. geomorphic
A. Organism
7. (blank) species are also greatly affected
B. Population because with the rising temperatures
C. Community around the world the ocean’s temperature
D. Ecosystem and levels are also changing. Fill in the
blank
2. There are two types of bark that are? A. Aquatic
A. frontinental i micenica B. Terrestrial
B. exterior Interior C. Avian
C. continental and oceanic D. Human
D. none of above
8. Which is a decomposer?
3. Two or more groups of different species A. deer
living in the same area.
B. tall grass
A. organism
C. lion
B. population
D. worm
C. community
D. ecosystem 9. A group of organisms, same species, live
in the same place
4. Which is a producer?
A. Organism
A. deer
B. Population
B. tall grass
C. Community
C. lion
D. Ecosystem
D. worm
10. Which separates the inner planets from
5. under what conditions is eggplant the outer ones
grown?
A. a comet
A. cold
B. -An asteroid belt.
B. Cold, in the dark
C. -A star
C. Hot but in the dark
D. -A black hole
D. hot and it needs to lie in the dark
11. Complete the numbers 2-3-7-24
6. Choose the correct word to fill in the
blank.The internal heat of the earth is A. 100
called B. 108
A. geography C. 96
B. geology D. 88
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. B

1.2 geobiology 8
12. The part of the plant that holds the plant C. They are the ones that flatten the sur-
in place and absorbs water and minerals face.
from the soil. D. They are the ones that cause earth-
A. stem quakes and tidal waves.
B. roots 18. What does chemistry study?
C. leaves A. chemical phenomena
D. none of above B. living beings
NARAYAN CHANGDER
13. The geosphere is like the of our planet C. physical phenomena
A. skeleton D. composition of the earth
B. brain 19. The outermost solid layer of the Earth is
C. eyes called the
D. sky A. mantle
B. outer core
14. When chemicals in the air impact the
weathering of rocks the interaction is be- C. inner core
tween the and D. crust
A. biosphere and geosphere
20. What causes organisms to look different
B. hydrosphere and biosphere to their species due to geographic isola-
C. atmosphere and geosphere tion?
D. atmosphere and hydrosphere A. They become strong and pass it on the

their offspring
15. which word Comes from the Greek word B. Adaptations and evolution
for “life”.
C. They mate with other species.
A. Bio
D. Comprehensive mating
B. Geo
21. Which of the following crops are raised in
C. Hydro
commercial grain farming?
D. Atmo
A. Wheat
16. When did invertebrates diversify? B. Maize
A. in the Ordovician C. both of these
B. in the permian D. none of these
C. in the triassic
22. What is TOPOGRAPHY?
D. siluriarran
A. A type of cheese
17. What are geological agents? B. A top-down view on a video game
A. They are the ones that cause climatic C. The arrangement of animals within a
changes. habitat
B. those that modify or alter the surface D. The arrangement of landforms in the
and endow it with different figures. landscape
13. A 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. B
1.2 geobiology 9
23. If someone is hydrophobic, it means they 29. Comes from the Greek word for “life”.
are really afraid of A. Bio

A. hydrogen
B. Geo
B. water
C. Hydro
C. flowers
D. Atmo
D. fire hydrants
30. What is the longest river in the world?
24. Where the better adapted organisms sur- Nile
vive to pass traits along to offspring.
A. Nil
A. Evolution
B. Amazon
B. Natural Selection
C. Congo
C. Extinction
D. none of above
D. Artifical Selection
31. In which layer of the atmosphere does
25. Which sphere of Earth would we be study- weather occur?
ing if we are studying plants?
A. Mesosphere
A. atmosphere
B. Thermosphere
B. biosphere
C. Stratosphere
C. geosphere
D. Troposphere
D. hydrosphere
32. What does the prefix bio-mean?
26. What are the effects of translation?
A. under, less
A. seasons
B. axis of inclination of the earth B. over
C. star formation C. land, earth, ground
D. day and night D. life
27. What are the 3 layers of the earth 33. Which is a secondary consumer?
A. crust, core mantle A. deer

B. puclli mantle bark B. tall grass
C. crust mantle core C. lion
D. none of above D. worm
28. Layer of the atmosphere furthest from 34. A region with similar plants, animals, ter-
Earth’s surface: rain, and climate.
A. troposphere A. Biome
B. exosphere B. Bio-dome
C. mesosphere C. Biology
D. stratosphere D. Biography
24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. A
1.2 geobiology 10
35. How many layers make up the geo- 41. How old is the Sun?
sphere? A. 2 billion years
A. 5
B. 4.6 billion years
B. 6
C. 10.000
C. 4
D. 1.000
D. 3
42. When every organism of a species has
NARAYAN CHANGDER
died.
blank.The class that deals with the places
on Earth is called A. Evolution
A. geography B. Natural Selection
B. geology C. Extinction
C. geothermal D. Artificial Selection
D. geomorphic
43. What are the 2 most abundant gases in
37. Choose the correct word to fill in the Earth’s atmosphere?
blank.A is someone that studies living
A. carbon dioxide and oxygen
things.
B. carbon dioxide and nitrogen
A. biography
B. biology C. nitrogen and oxygen
C. biologist D. nitrogen and hydrogen

D. biosphere 44. When did the first plants appear?
38. Mazza / goat / A. in the paleogene
A. Stone B. in the Ordovician
B. comb C. devoniarrean
C. Mattress D. in silurian
D. broom
45. “Bio” means
39. What is the deepest ocean on Earth?
A. life
A. Arctic
B. water
B. Indian
C. air
C. Quiet
D. rock/Earth
D. none of above
40. What does biography mean? 46. Which sphere of Earth focuses on the thin
layer of Earth that supports life?
A. spending a lifetime writing
A. atmosphere
B. a story told with illustrations and pho-
tographs B. biosphere
C. a written story about a person’s life C. geosphere
D. something written in two sections D. hydrosphere
36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. C 41. B 42. C 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. A
1.2 geobiology 11
47. -Which is the hottest planet 53. What is the hydrosphere?

A. - Wednesday A. The group of living things that live on

B. -Mart Earth
C. -Terra B. The hydrosphere is the layer of water
D. -Jupiter on the earth
48. Which of the following is NOT a part of the C. It is water vapor in the atmosphere
hydrosphere? D. It is a layer made only of gas
A. ocean
B. river 54. A tic feeds on a moose. The tic gets food,
the moose is harmed. This is
C. glacier
A. Parasitism
D. tree
B. Mutualism
49. Type of farming to meet needs is known
as: C. Commensalism
A. Subsistense D. none of above
B. Mixed
55. The water table is a term that we find
C. Organic
when we talk about
D. none of these
A. glaciers
50. The lava released by a volcanic eruption
separates two populations of a species of B. aquifers
monkey. What does this represent? C. torrents
A. biological isolation
D. rocks
B. geographical isolation
C. temporal isolation 56. what is the most abundant gas in the at-
mosphere?
D. anatomical isolation
A. nitrogen
51. What is the meaning of the word biology?
A. The study of earth B. oxygen
B. The study of stars C. carbon dioxide

C. The study of life D. water steam
D. The study of studying
57. Genetic drift is change in the allele fre-
52. Is a layer of week of soft mantle that is quency of a population due to
made of rock that flows slowly. Tectonic
plates move on top of this layer. A. random chance
A. Inner Core B. natural selection
B. Asthensophere C. non-random mating (sexual selection)
C. Lithosphere
D. Outer Core D. artificial selection
48. D 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. B 53. B 54. A 55. B 56. A 57. A 58. D
1.2 geobiology 12
58. HOW MANY CAPAS IS THE ATMO- 64. Which is a nonrenewable resource?
SPHERE? A. Coal
A. 4 B. Wood
B. 6 C. Wind
C. 2 D. Water
D. 5 65. Which represents the distribution of water
on Earth?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
59. Which sphere of Earth focuses on water?
A. 3% freshwater, 97% salt water
A. atmosphere
B. 97% freshwater, 3% salt water
B. biosphere C. 71% freshwater, 29% salt water
C. geosphere D. 29% freshwater, 71% salt water
D. hydrosphere 66. How are the stars positioned during a lu-
60. Which sphere of Earth focuses on the solid nar eclipse?
portion of Earth? A. earth, moon, sun
A. atmosphere B. sun, earth, moon
B. biosphere C. the moon, the sun, the earth
D. sun, moon, earth
C. geosphere
D. hydrosphere 67. What does Darwin’s theory of evolution
suggest?
61. Which part of the plant makes the food? A. species change over time
A. roots B. extinct species are not related to living
B. stem species
C. different species can interbreed
C. leaf
D. animals that look alike are most
D. flower closely related
62. What is H2O? 68. In what year was Pluto said to be a Plan-
A. Hydrogen etoid
B. Water A. 2003
B. 1998
C. Happy Oranges
C. 2006
D. Nitrogen
D. 2009
63. How is biosphere and geosphere being af-
69. What are the three main layers of the
fected from acid rain
Earth?
A. burning fuel A. Center, Middle, Outer
B. smoke and ashes B. Center, Mantle, Crush
C. factories C. Core, Mantle, Crust
D. All of the above D. Core, Middle, Crush
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1.2 geobiology 13
70. What is the function of the ozone layer? 76. Where do all life forms get their energy?
A. to allow UV rays to get to Earth A. Earth’s Core

B. to block UV rays from getting to Earth B. Water
C. To keep oxygen in C. Plants
D. to allow meteors to get to Earth D. The Sun
71. This gas makes up 78% of the atmo- 77. heat

sphere A. therm
A. oxygen B. al
B. nitrogen C. ic
C. ozone D. none of above
D. carbon dioxide
78. What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
72. Where an organism lives is its- have in common?
A. niche A. Plasma membrane, cell wall and cyto-
B. ecosystem plasm
C. habitat B. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm and ge-

netic material
D. home
C. Cell wall, water and ribosomes
73. What is the innermost layer of the Earth? D. Plasma membrane, water and mineral
A. mantle salts
B. crust 79. What types of organisms indicate primary
C. inner core succession is taking place?
D. outer core A. Trees and flowering plants
74. When the availability of water impacts B. Bears, deer, and rabbits
plant growth and animals who depend on C. moss, lichens, and insects
plants for food the interaction is between D. grasses, shrubs, and birds
the and
A. biosphere and geosphere 80. What is the word pirate?
B. hydrosphere and biosphere A. star
C. atmosphere and geosphere B. halley
D. atmosphere and hydrosphere C. moon

D. Earth
75. A good example of insects in the heath and
palum forest is 81. This layer is the hottest.
A. mustache A. troposphere
B. Badger B. mesosphere
C. The Pine Devil C. stratosphere
D. none of above D. thermosphere

1.2 geobiology 14
82. There is NO mammal in Laanemetsa B. Mining

A. Hunt C. Fishing
B. Increase D. All Of These
C. Moose
88. Which root means the study of?
D. Thumb boy
A. geo
83. Roughly 2% of the earth’s freshwater is? B. bio
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. frozen C. astr
B. water vapor D. logy
C. groundwater
89. What is the smallest living structure?
D. polluted water
A. the organ
84. Why are advantageous traits more likely B. Microorganisms
to be passed onto offspring?
C. the cell
A. Because they are more likely to sur-
vive and reproduce. D. none of above
B. Because they come from dominant al- 90. To check someone’s temperature, you
leles. would use a thermometer. What does the
C. Because they come from recessive al- root “therm” mean?
leles. A. ice
D. Because the trait is an acquired pheno- B. sky
type. C. heat
85. The theory of evolution by natural selec- D. see
tion means that what is changing over
time? 91. Which word does not belong?
A. The inherited traits of a population. A. Aqueous
B. The acquired traits of a population. B. Aqueduct
C. Hair color and eye color C. Aquarium
D. Attractive features. D. Aerodynamic
86. The process by which populations slowly 92. Which root means star or space?
change over time is called A. bio
A. selective breeding B. geo
B. adaptation C. astr
C. sepeciation D. logy
D. evolution
93. Water is made up of two parts and
87. which of the following are primary activi- one part oxygen. That is why we can call
ties? it H2O.
A. Agriculture A. hydrophytes

1.2 geobiology 15
B. hydrogen 99. Why do some organisms die when arriving

C. hydroelectric to a new environment?

D. rehydrate A. They are not adapted to that environ-
ment.
94. How many parts does the water cycle
B. The new environment causes a muta-
have?
tion in the DNA.
A. 5
C. There is plenty of food for the organ-
B. 3 isms.
C. 4 D. They have no predators.
D. 6
100. Why are the winters here warmer than
95. When did trilobites disappear com- in Madrid?
pletely?
A. Because water is a good solvent
A. in the quaternary
B. Because water is a thermal regulator
B. in the permian and warms the climate
C. in the cambrian
C. Because the sun shines better here
D. in the carboniferous
D. Because of the unusual expansion of
96. Indicate the correct answer water
A. On Venus the sun rises every 200 days 101. As you go higher in the troposphere, the
temperature
B. On Venus the sun rises every 117 days
A. decreases
B. increases
C. On Venus the sun rises every day
C. stays the same
D. On Venus the sun rises every 185 days
D. gets very hot
97. This is the coldest layer of the atmo-
sphere. 102. If a frog is the prey, what could be the
A. troposphere predator?
B. thermosphere A. Grass
C. mesosphere B. Insect
D. stratosphere C. Snake
98. What are the vital functions of living D. Snail
things?
103. What is the planet with the density of
A. Nutrition, relationship and relation- 1.2 times that of water?
ship
A. ura
B. Reproduction and relationship
B. -Neptune
C. Nutrition, relationship and reproduc-
tion C. -Jupiter
D. Born, nurtured and died D. -Marte

1.2 geobiology 16
104. What two types of cells are there? D. evidence that the climate has changed
A. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes over the past 100 years
B. Eukaryotes and bicaryotes 110. How many rings does Saturn have?
C. Prekaryotes and eukaryotes A. 7
D. Prokaryotes and postkaryotes B. 4
105. What type of organism recycles energy C. 5
NARAYAN CHANGDER
back into an ecosystem? D. 9
A. Herbivore 111. Which root means life or living things?
B. Carnivore A. geo
C. Autotroph B. bio
D. Decomposer C. astr
106. which fibre requires frost free days to D. logy
grow?
112. What are the effects of rotation?
A. cotton
A. seasons
B. jute
B. axis of inclination of the earth
C. nylon
C. star formation
D. none of these
D. day and night
107. Individual living thing
113. In what period were the ferns created?
A. Organism
A. the permian
B. Population
B. cambrian
C. Community
C. devoniarra
D. Ecosystem
D. silurian
108. What separates the Solar System from
114. What does the unusual expansion of wa-
the Galaxy?
ter mean?
A. -The Kuiper belt
A. That the water is scattered across the
B. -A Comet. earth
C. -An asteroid belt B. When water freezes, it takes up more
D. -Many stars space and can break rocks
C. Water does not have this property
109. Which evidence supports the idea that
life on Earth has continually evolved? D. none of above
A. evidence from layers of tree rings 115. What percentage of our atmosphere is
B. evidence from rock layers, fossils, and made up of other gases such as argon, wa-
ice cores ter vapor, and carbon dioxide?
C. evidence gathered from melting A. 1%

glaciers B. 21%

1.2 geobiology 17
C. 78% C. The study of moving air and how it in-

D. 90% teracts with solid objects

D. Air
116. What is the Biosphere?
A. A group of gases 122. Which allows scientists to investigate
what Earth’s climate was like over the
B. It is synonymous with earth
past 740, 000 years?
C. It is only a group of plants that live on
A. volcanic deposits
earth
B. fossils
D. It is a group of living organisms that
live on Earth C. faults
117. What are the first two periods in the Pa- D. ice cores
leozoic?
123. Behavioral changes of individuals of a
A. Ordovician and Silurian species that allow for better survival. (Ac-
B. Cambrian and Ordovician quired traits)
C. Permian and Cretaceous A. Variation

D. Cambrian and Devonian B. Adaptation
C. Behavior
118. The correct FOOD CHAIN of Salumets is:
D. Environment
A. Chaffinch-birch-butterfly
B. Birch-Butterfly-Finch 124. which animals does ocean pollution ef-
C. Birch-chameleon-butterfly fect
D. none of above A. tigers

B. turtles
119. Which word doesn’t fit?
C. cats
A. biohazard
D. lizards
B. asterisk
C. biodome 125. Who were the first creatures?
D. biology A. insects
120. Plant geography is otherwise called B. amphibians
A. Phytogeography C. insects and amphibians
B. plant ecology D. none of above

C. plant biology 126. Which sphere of Earth would we be
D. none studying if we are studying rocks?
A. atmosphere
121. What is the definition of the whole word
‘aerodynamics’? B. biosphere
A. The air that comes off the ocean C. geosphere
B. The development of air D. hydrosphere

1.2 geobiology 18
127. How do species gain a new trait in order 133. A tree frog uses the leaves of a tree as
to survive? shelter from the rain. This is
A. they grow it. A. Parasitism
B. A mutation caused by the environment. B. Mutualism
C. Commensalism
C. A random mutation in the DNA.
D. none of above
D. It is an acquired trait passed down.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
134. What percentage of water can be found
128. How many species became extinct in the in clouds?
Permian?
A. 2%
A. 90.000
B. 1%
B. %90
C. 25%
C. %80
D. 0.1%
D. %20
135. Plants lose water through their leaves by
129. What is the average temperature of which process?
Mars?
A. Condensation
A. -63◦ C
B. Evaporation
B. -49◦ C
C. Precipitation
C. -67◦ C
D. Transpiration
D. -50◦ C
136. What is the period of rotation of Mars?
130. What is the main compost in the Venusian
atmosphere? A. of 79 days
A. -Oxygen in nitrogen B. of 76 days
B. - dust and gases C. of 7 days
C. -Dioxit de carbon i nitrogen D. of 10 days
D. -Carbon dioxide gases no 137. How many periods have we said there
131. WHY WAS THE PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERE are in the Mesozoic?
COMPOSED? A. 3
A. Lots of toxic gases and oxygen B. 6
B. Lots of toxic gases and nitrogen C. you have not explained the Mesozoic
C. Nitrogen in oxygen D. none of above
D. Lots of toxic gases and no oxygen
138. which of the following are coarse
132. What color is the sun in reality? grains?
A. -Blue tones. A. Jowar
B. Orange B. Bajra
C. Yellow C. Ragi
D. Yellow D. All of these

1.2 geobiology 19
139. Types of minerals? 145. Which three morphemes make up the

A. metallic minerals word ‘geologist’?

B. industrial stones A. geol, ogi, st
C. minerals plurals B. geo, log, ist
D. none of above C. ge, olog, ist
D. geo, logy, ist
140. Which is the most accurate method scien-
tists use to predict the age of Earth? 146. Mr. Berry controls the heater and air con-
A. relative dating of rock layers ditioner in our room by adjusting the
B. radioactive dating of rocks A. thermometer
C. comparing the ages of different fossils B. thermostat
C. thermos
D. investigating core samples from the D. therm
Arctic
147. What ocean borders the east coast of the
141. All living things on earth are part of the United States?
A. Atlantic
A. lithosphere B. Quiet
B. hydrosphere C. Indian
C. biosphere D. none of above
D. geosphere
148. Between which countries is the Bering
142. anything having to do with a region’s nat- Strait located?
ural features, the population, its history, A. France and Great Britain
industries, etc.
B. USA and Russia
A. geometric
C. Finland and Russia
B. geographic
D. none of above
C. biothermic
D. none of above 149. What one of these is NOT one of the four
spheres?
143. What is Jupiter’s ground temperature? A. Geosphere
A. 120◦ C B. Biosphere
B. -130◦ C C. Atmosphere
C. -120◦ C D. Hemisphere
D. 110◦ C
150. Which word describes a type of blanket
144. “Geo” means that keeps people very warm?
A. life A. thermophile
B. water B. thermostatic
C. air C. thermographic
D. rock/Earth D. thermal

1.2 geobiology 20
151. What causes the temperature to increase C. 99 dies

in the stratosphere? D. 30 dies
A. Nitrogen
157. The important inputs like seeds, fertiliz-
B. Ozone ers, machinery etc form a system called
C. Water Vapor as?
D. carbon dioxide A. Barter system
152. Choose the correct word to fill in the B. Water system
NARAYAN CHANGDER
blank.If you write a book about someone, C. Farm system
it is known as a D. all of these
A. biography
158. What is the root in each word:geode, ge-
B. biology ology, geographic
C. biologist A. bio
D. biosphere B. graph
153. What is geographic isolation? C. logy
A. A person lonely in their house. D. geo
B. Separation of a population caused by a 159. The CORRECT food chain is
physical barrier.
A. Woodpecker-pine-pine weevil
C. Species not mating because of
courtship behaviors. B. Pine-pine weevil-woodpecker
D. Organisms not mating cause they are C. Pine weevil-pine woodpecker

different species. D. none of above
154. Which of these is not an example of a 160. What is O3?

physical barrier in geographic isolation? A. Oxygen
A. River B. Ozone
B. Mountain C. Oranges
C. Ocean D. Opposites
D. Fallen tree branch
161. Which planet has the most satel-
155. Air, water and the sun are lites?
A. living A. -Jupiter
B. non living B. -Mercury
C. both C. -Venus
D. none D. - New
156. How long does it take for Mercury to go 162. What is the definition of the morpheme
around the Sun? ‘geo’?
A. 1 any A. earth
B. 88 dies B. water

1.2 geobiology 21
C. air 168. Geo comes from the Greek word for

D. life A. Ground

B. Geography
163. What does the word geography mean?
C. Geometry
A. A written diagram of the earth
D. Grass
B. The study of earth
169. What are the 4 properties of water?
C. A book about earth
A. It is a good solvent, a good trans-
D. A globe porter, it raises the temperature and pro-
tects
164. Which sphere of Earth would we be
studying if we are labeling Earth’s lay- B. It is a good solvent, unusual dilatation,
ers? regulates temperature and is sticky
A. atmosphere C. It is a bad solvent, causes a dilatation
and does not regulate the temperature
B. biosphere
D. none of above
C. geosphere
170. Who performs photosynthesis in plant
D. hydrosphere
cells?
165. Where is most of the freshwater found A. chloroplast
on Earth? B. Chlorophyll
A. lakes C. Mitochondria
B. glaciers D. Other
C. oceans 171. Which is the most accurate way of deter-
D. rivers mining the age of a fossil?
A. radioactive dating
166. which of the following country is a lead-
ing producer of rice? B. relative dating
A. China C. dating index fossils

D. dating the rock layers above the fossil
B. Pakistan
C. Malaysia 172. Brachiopods increased in what period?
D. Egypt A. neogeno
B. carboniferous
167. What material is the atmosphere of
C. ordovician
Venus made of?
D. cambrian
A. Of stones lined up one behind the
other. 173. A natural feature of the Earth’s surface.
B. Carbon dioxide, and thick clouds of sul- A. Landform
furic acid. B. Lando
C. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen. C. Lexicon
D. A set of stars. D. Lizalfos

1.2 geobiology 22
174. crocodile / sea / 180. Which organisms survive when arriving

A. Fish to a new environment?
B. Herb A. The popular ones.

B. The strongest one.
C. sparrow
C. The ones best adapted and fit for the
D. dog
ecosystem.
175. what is the hydrosphere D. The ones least adapted to the ecosys-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. The layer of water on the surface of tem.
our planet 181. What is a LANDFORM?
B. water inside our planet A. Rocks and anything else that makes up
C. ura the geosphere
D. the layer that we humans form B. Hills and mountains but nothing else
C. A natural feature of the Earth’s sur-
176. what is the messy part of the cell?
face
A. cell wall D. All water on Earth
B. baguolo
182. If you want hot soup for lunch at school,
C. the mitochondrion then put your soup in a
D. the core A. thermos
177. Which sphere of Earth would we be B. thermostat
studying if we are discussing the water cy- C. endothermic
cle? D. thermometer
A. atmosphere
183. The forest front of Laanemetsa is typical
B. biosphere
A. Birch
C. geosphere
B. Pine tree
D. hydrosphere
C. Spruce
178. What does the prefix geo-mean? D. none of above
A. under, less 184. The lower part of the thermosphere is
B. over called the
C. land, earth, ground A. Exosphere
D. life B. Ionosphere
C. Ozonosphere
179. When an energy source uses water to
make electricity, it is considered a source D. Thermosphere
of energy. 185. What is the temperature of the Sun?
A. hydra A. 15.000.000
B. hydro B. 4.500
C. hydrogen C. 2.000
D. hydroelectric D. 10.000

1.2 geobiology 23
186. There is no typical PLANT of Laanemetsa 192. Choose the correct word to fill in the
blank.Plants take in carbon dioxide and
A. Lily of the valley
release oxygen, thus transferring carbon

B. Leseleht from the atmosphere into the , where
C. Hare cabbage it stays until the plant dies.
A. biography
D. Pinecone
B. biology
187. Earth is made up of spheres. C. biologist
A. one D. biosphere
B. two 193. did you like kahoot?
C. three A. thousand
D. four B. no
C. a lot
188. Rubber plantation is famous in
D. thousand
A. SRI Lanka
194. Are weather and climate the same?
B. Brazil
A. bai
C. Malaysia
B. no
D. USA
C. I do not know
189. Which root means earth? D. he doesn’t put it in the book
A. geo 195. Which would most likely increase the ge-
B. bio netic variation in a population of organ-
isms?
C. astr
A. increase in diseases
D. logy
B. decrease in diseases
190. earth, ground C. increase in mutations
A. chrono D. decrease in mutations
B. geo 196. What organisms carry out autotrophic nu-
trition?
C. meter
A. all plant cells
D. none of above
B. Anything with a core
191. The most common tree species in C. prokaryotes
Palumetsa is
D. Other
A. Spruce
197. How are the stars located during a solar
B. Pine tree eclipse?
C. Willow A. earth, moon, sun
D. Rowan B. sun, earth, moon

1.2 geobiology 24
C. the moon, the sun, the earth 203. When a volcano erupts adding Carbon
Dioxide to the air the interaction is be-
D. sun, moon, earth
tween the and
198. What is the outermost layer of the A. biosphere and geosphere
Earth? B. hydrosphere and biosphere
A. mantle C. geosphere and atmosphere
B. crust D. atmosphere and hydrosphere
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. inner core 204. What is cultivation of grapes called”?
D. outer core A. Sericulture
199. This layer of the Earth is found between B. Viticulture
the core and the crust. C. Floriculture
A. mantle D. Horiculture
B. outer core 205. relating to or produced by the internal
C. inner core heat of the earth
D. crust A. geothermal
B. internment
200. “Hydro” means
C. subterranean
A. life D. none of above
B. water
206. What is the meaning for geologist?
C. air
A. person studying the rocks and soil of
D. rock/Earth the earth
B. star
201. In which populations does genetic drift
most often occur? C. unable to pay debt
A. only aquatic populations D. having no definite shape or form
B. small populations 207. Natural selection acts on:

C. large populations A. Genotype
D. ony terrestial populations B. Phenotype
C. Both genotype and phenotype
202. These objects are found in the earth and
when you crack them open you’ll find hid- D. Neither genotype or phenotype
den crystals 208. bio
A. bones A. death
B. plants B. life
C. geodes C. to carry
D. geology D. none of above

1.2 geobiology 25
209. What is another name for geographic iso- 215. When living organisms give off moisture
lation? through respiration (breathing) the inter-
action is between the and

A. Allopatric isolation
B. Modern isolation A. biosphere and geosphere
C. Discord isolation B. biosphere and hydrosphere
D. Forest isolation C. atmosphere and geosphere
D. atmosphere and hydrosphere
210. What is the definition of the morpheme
‘aqua’? 216. What is NOT the difference between a
A. life forest and an open area?
B. earth A. Temperature
C. water B. Moisture
D. air C. Solar radiation
D. A person also goes there
211. This layer of the atmosphere contains
most of the ozone. 217. What amount of the earth’s surface is
A. troposphere covered with water?
B. thermosphere A. 25%
C. mesosphere B. 72%
D. stratosphere C. 97%
D. 99%
blank.Relating to the change of landscape 218. What one of these is NOT one of the four
is known as spheres mentioned in the video?
A. geography A. Geosphere
B. geology B. Biosphere
C. geothermal C. Atmosphere
D. geomorphic D. Hemisphere
213. This gas makes up 21% of the atmo- 219. What is the definition of the whole word
sphere ‘geologist’?
A. ozone A. the study of the earth
B. oxygen B. A person who studies the earth
C. nitrogen C. a gem that can be found in the earth
D. water vapor D. a person who loves the earth
214. how many types of galaxies are there? 220. What is Iapetus?
A. 4 A. A Moon
B. 3 B. a new planet
C. 5 C. a kite
D. 2 D. a galaxy

1.3 geochemistry 26
221. A cleaner fish eats the parasites and 225. Which source of freshwater is not easily
other gunk off another fish. The cleaner available for human use?
fish gets food, the other fish gets cleaned. A. oceans
This is
B. freshwater lakes
A. Parasitism
B. Mutualism C. rivers
C. Commensalism D. icecaps/glaciers
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above 226. Survival of the Fittest and Evolution
were proposed by what scientist?
222. Which is a primary consumer?
A. deer A. Charles Darwin
B. tall grass B. Albert Einstein

C. lion C. Steven Hawking
D. worm D. Isaac Newton
223. This layer is where weather occurs. 227. What is the strongest mineral?
A. troposphere A. diamond
B. thermosphere B. baby powder
C. exosphere C. Aphrodite
D. stratosphere
D. none of above
224. What is the last step of the DUUL pro-
cess? 228. four different components of biosphere
not has
A. Let someone else do the work
A. animal and humans
B. Laugh until you pass out
B. plants and bacteria
C. Look at the ceiling (the answer is up
there) C. mushroom
D. Look it up or ask someone D. sand
1.3 geochemistry
1. “The maximum temperature release of hy- A. Diagenesis
drocarbon from cracking of kerogen during
B. Catagenesis
pyrolysis” is refers to which parameter?
A. S1 C. Methanogensis
B. Tmax D. Metagenesis
C. S4
3. Which TOC breakdown results in a good
D. Smax source?
2. Which are NOT the three 3 stages of pro- A. High Inert Carbon, Low Reactive Car-
cesses to form petroleum? bon

1.3 geochemistry 27
B. Low Inert Carbon, Low Reactive Car- 9. A tiny particle that has mass, but no elec-
bon tric charge is

C. High Inert Carbon, High Reactive Car- A. a proton
bon
B. a neutron
D. Low Inert Carbon, High Reactive Car-
bon C. an electron
4. The amount of free hydrocarbons in the D. an ion

sample
10. Decide the quality of source rock.TOC =
A. S1 3.15 wt. %S1 = 6.80 mg HC/g rock S2 =
B. S2 19.50 mg HC/g rock Tmax = 447
C. S3 A. Type III.
D. Tmax B. Woody plants of organic derived-input.
5. Bond angle for bent
A. 120o C. Lacustrine origin.
B. 109.5o D. Immature source rock.
C. 104.5o
11. TOC = 2-3 wt.% S1 = 1-2 mg HC/g
D. 107o rock S2 = 5-10 mg HC/g rockWhat is the
source rock potential?
6. Which parameter is NOT used in plotting
the Van Krevelan Diagrams? A. V. Good
A. Atomic H/C B. Poor
B. PI C. Good
C. Atomic O/C
D. Excellent
D. OI
12. Draw the Lewis Dot structure for PCl5 and
determine the predicted molecular geome-
0.98 wt. %S1 = 1.90 mg HC/g rockS2
try
= 1.11 mg HC/g rock Tmax = 460
A. Peak of maturity A. octahedral
B. Type I B. trigonal pyramidal

C. Dead carbon. C. seesaw
D. Woody plants of organic derived-input. D. trigonal bipyramidal
8. The amount of CO2 produced during pyrol- 13. Why do elements bond?
ysis of kerogen
A. To be friends
A. S1
B. S2 B. To create a new element
C. S3 C. To become stable
D. Tmax D. none of above

1.3 geochemistry 28
14. Which of the following will have the high- C. Scientists are still not sure how they
est bond energy? form.
A. H-F D. Sharing valence e-between atoms.
B. H-Cl
20. Based on electronegativity differences, an
C. H-Br H-O bond would BEST be described as:
D. H-I A. non-polar covalent
NARAYAN CHANGDER
15. an atom that has lost or gained one or B. polar covalent
more electrons is..
C. ionic
A. an isotope
D. none of these
B. an ion
C. a proton 21. TOC = < 0.5 wt. % S1 = < 0.5 mg HC/g
rock S2 = < 2.5 mg HC/g rockWhat is the
D. a nucleus inferred source rock potential?
16. How many pi bonds are there in a single A. Poor
bond?
B. Good
A. 0
C. Excellent
B. 1
D. V.Good
C. 2
D. 3 22. Which type of bond is the longest
A. Single
17. Which of the following will have the low-
est bond energy? B. Double
A. N-N C. Triple
B. N-O D. Quadruple
C. N-F
23. The number of protons in a atom is indi-
D. none of above cated by its:
18. How many electrons are shared in a dou- A. atomic mass
ble bond? B. atomic number
A. 2
C. valence charge
B. 4 pairs
D. ionic compound
C. 6
D. 4 24. Which is the correct formula for Oxygen
Index (OI)?
19. How do covalent bonds form? A. (S3/TOC)*100
A. Donating & receiving valence e-
B. (S2/TOC)*100
between atoms.
C. S1/(S2+S3)
B. Opposite slight charges attract each
other between compounds. D. none of above

1.3 geochemistry 29
25. Which is the correct formula to obtain Hy- C. a metallic bond

drogen Index (HI)?
D. an ironic bond

A. (S3/TOC)*100
B. (S2/TOC)*100 31. What occurs during catagenesis?
C. S1/(S2+S3) A. Heating in the range of 50◦ C to 200◦ C.

D. none of above
B. Heating is less than 50◦ C.
26. Which is NOT the role of geochemical logs
in exploration? C. Heating is more than 150◦ C.
A. Quality and maturity of source rocks D. Heating is more than 250◦ C.

B. Probable origin of oils 32. Draw the Lewis Dot structure for ICl2-and
C. Location of oil (and gas) shows determine its predicted molecular geome-
D. Rock age try.
A. see-saw
27. Water, a molecule that has a slightly pos-
itive end and a slightly negative end, is a B. trigonal bipyramidal
molecule. C. linear
A. regular D. bent
B. polar
C. organic 33. How many are shared in a double bond?
D. charged A. 2
B. 4 pairs
28. What do we call a covalent bond where
electrons are shared UNEVENLY or UN- C. 6
EQUALLY? D. 4
A. Ionic
B. Polar Covalent 34. TOC = > 4 wt. % S1 = > 4 mg HC/g rock
S2 = > 4 mg HC/g rockWhat is the inferred
C. Nonpolar Covalent source rock potential?
D. Van der Waals Force A. Fair
29. Pi bonds are formed by B. Poor
A. side to side overlap of s orbitals C. Excellent
B. end to end overlap of s orbitals D. Good
C. side to side overlap of p orbitals
35. Which is NOT a parameter of Rock Eval Py-
D. end to end overlap of p orbitals
rolysis?
30. Sodium ions (Na+) and chloride atoms (Cl- A. S1
) form table salt, NaCl. The atoms in NaCl
are held together by: B. S3
A. an ionic bond C. Tmax
B. a covalent bond D. SiO2

1.4 hydrogeology 30
36. The force that holds the atoms in a com- B. Oil prone with considerable amount of
pound together is called: associated gas.
A. Gravity C. Peak of mature of source rock.
B. Magnetism D. Type I.
C. A chemical bond 41. versions of the same element that have
D. A compound glue the same # of protons, but differ from one
another in mass are
NARAYAN CHANGDER
37. outermost electrons are called: A. ions
A. shell electrons B. isotopes
B. charged electrons C. electrons
C. valence electrons D. atoms
D. cadence electrons
42. An electron is:
38. VSEPR stands for theory. A. a positively charged subatomic parti-
A. Valence Structure of Electron Pyra- cle
mids and Regression B. a negatively charged subatomic parti-
cle
B. Varied Structures of Electrons Paired
and Replaced C. a subatomic particle with no charge
C. Varied Shell Energy of Protons and Ra- D. a radioactive element
diation
43. A proton is:
D. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
A. a positively charged subatomic parti-
39. Which is NOT an advantage of Rock-Eval cle
Pyrolysis? B. a negatively charged subatomic parti-
A. Low Cost cle
C. responsible for chemical bonding
B. Large samples
D. an atom with no net charge
C. Rapid
D. Small Samples 44. Which is NOT a source rock?
A. Limestone
1.36 wt. %S1 = 1.80 mg HC/g rock S2 = B. Granite
7.10 mg HC/g rock Tmax = 428 C. Shale
A. Lacustrine origin. D. Coal
1.4 hydrogeology
1. Within the eye of a tropical cyclone, the B. destructive
wind speed is
C. slow and calm
A. damaging D. strong

1.4 hydrogeology 31
2. Electricity that is powered by water. 8. Where do typhoon forms?

A. hydroelectric A. in a river or stream

B. hydroplane B. inside the earth
C. hydrology C. over the ocean
D. hydrophobia D. at plate boundaries
3. At present, what percentage of Earth’s 9. What does hydro mean?
land surface is covered by glaciers?
A. car
A. 10%
B. air
B. 50%
C. water
C. 5%
D. 0.1% D. land
4. A well in which groundwater rises because 10. Floods are caused by heavy rains, river
of pressure is called a(n) overflow, tsunami, hurricanes and ice
A. spring well A. melts

B. geyser well B. breaks
C. artesian well C. falls
D. cry well D. slides
5. What do we call water that flows over the 11. What does geo mean?
ground surface rather than soaking in?
A. water
A. runoff
B. fire
B. discharge
C. earth
C. recharge
D. wind
D. tributary
12. Wetlands help control flooding by
6. Where does most of the salt in the ocean
come from? A. absorbing runoff from heavy rains
A. Wind B. collecting water behind dams
B. Fish C. providing natural water filtration
C. Rocks on Land D. quickly releasing water
D. Human Activities
13. People can obtain groundwater by drilling
7. What is the study of earth? a well
A. geology A. above the water table
B. geometric B. into an aquifer
C. geography C. into the unsaturated zone
D. none of above D. into an impermeable layer

1.4 hydrogeology 32
14. Floods are caused by heavy rains, river C. desalination

overflow, tsunami, hurricanes, ice melts, D. sewage
breaking of
20. PAGASA in a national service institution
A. rivers
under what department?
B. lakes
A. DepEd
C. dams
B. DENR
D. seas
C. DPWH
NARAYAN CHANGDER
15. It is the central part of a typhoon. D. DOST
A. eye 21. Stream erosion is controlled by
B. eye wall A. velocity
C. rain bands B. discharge
D. none of above C. sediment
16. Which is/are true about a storm surge? D. both velocity & discharge
A. It is the rising of seawater level during 22. Glaciers are capable of:
a storm. A. significant erosion
B. It produces waves of up to a maximum B. significant deposition
of 1 meter.
C. modification of landscape
C. It develops from undersea distur-
D. all of these
bances.
D. none of above 23. Materials that allow water to pass
through them easily are
17. Which of the following phenomenon does A. unsaturated
not occur in the atmosphere?
B. impermeable
A. cyclone
C. saturated
B. earthquake
D. permeable
C. wind
24. The grass is dry. The soil is dry.
D. tornado
A. Flood
18. Which word means a rock from the earth? B. Erosion
A. geometry C. Drought
B. geology D. none of above
C. geocentric
25. Pesticides are most likely to be found in
D. geode runoff from
19. This process allows us to drink ocean wa- A. roads
ter. B. farm fields
A. filtration C. homes
B. coagulation D. factories

1.4 hydrogeology 33
26. What of these is a human cause of flood- C. geology

ing? D. hydrology

A. Heavy rainfall
32. An aquifer is a(n)
B. Steep Slopes
A. well in which water rises because of
C. Urbanisation pressure
D. none of above B. underground layer of rock or sediment
27. Floods are caused by heavy rains and river that holds water
C. type of hot spring from which the wa-
A. lakes ter periodically erupts
B. bridges D. place where groundwater bubbles or
flows out of cracks in the rock
C. flows
D. overflows 33. Which of the following are hydrometeoro-
logical hazards most commonly associated
28. This happens during heavy rains when with?
rivers overflow, ocean waves come on
A. Atmospheric conditions
shore, snow melts too fast, or levees
break. B. Oceanic conditions
A. Hurricanes C. Meteorites
B. Floods D. The earth’s crust and mantle
C. Tsunamis 34. What do we use to measure earth-
D. none of above quakes?
A. Richter scale and mercalli scale
29. Trees and plants can floods.
B. ruler and digital scale
A. prepare
C. book and a wave machine
B. people
D. Magnitude and longitude
C. prevent
D. press 35. This tells us where countries and oceans
are located.
30. These come from powerful thunderstorms
A. geology
and appear as a funnel, or cone-shaped
cloud, with winds that can reach 300 miles B. geography
per hour. C. geode
A. Tsunamis D. geometry
B. Hurricanes
36. PAR stands for?
C. Tornadoes
A. Philippine Area of Restriction
D. none of above
B. Philippine Area of Responsibility
31. The study of water C. Philippine Autonomy and Responsibil-
A. hydroelectric ity
B. misery D. Philippine Authority for Responsibility

1.4 hydrogeology 34
37. How do droughts cause hunger? 43. How would excess nutrients in the water
A. Droughts do not cause hunger affect producers?
B. Crops do not grow A. producers would decrease in number

and mass
C. Grocery stores are shut
B. producers would become consumers
D. The plants grow
C. producers would increase in number
38. Glaciers that are found only in Antarctica and mass
NARAYAN CHANGDER
and Greenland and spread over large ar-
eas of land are called D. producers would switch from
chemosynthesis to photosynthesis
A. valley glaciers
B. alpine glaciers 44. What mechanism controls the flow of wa-
C. continental glaciers ter in runoff?
D. icebergs A. gravity
B. temperature
39. What do we call the land area that sup-
plies water to a river system? C. permeability
A. runoff D. porosity
B. recharge
45. What is a wall across a river that controls
C. watershed the flow of river water?
D. valley A. Dam
40. Which of the following conditions DOES B. Flood
NOT increase surface runoff?
C. Floodway
A. heavy rainfall
D. Leeve
B. a large amount of trees & vegetation
C. large amounts of concrete 46. Every year, the Philippines experiences at
D. steep slopes least how many typhoons?
A. 18
41. When your car spins because of water on
the road B. 20
A. flooding C. 23
B. hydroplane D. 25
C. hydrophobia
47. What do we call the many small streams
D. hydroelectric that come together at the source of the
river?
42. A fear of water
A. hydroplane A. tributary
B. hydrology B. meander
C. hydrophobia C. headwaters
D. ahhh water! D. watershed

1.5 limnology 35
48. This is the mud and goop that needs to 49. Floods are caused by rains
cleaned out of sewage.
A. hard
A. sludge

B. heavy
B. floc
C. alum C. harm
D. coagulants D. cloudy
1.5 limnology
1. All of these organisms are PHYTOplankton 5. Which of the following is the BEST defini-
EXCEPT tion of an estuary?
A. Anabaena A. Any areas along a coastline near an
ocean.
B. Microcystis
B. Any areas where saltwater and fresh-
C. Daphnia
water mix.
D. Planktothrix C. Any areas with flowing or running wa-
ter.
2. Which stratification layer has both highest
temperature and most dissolved oxygen? D. Any areas that are high in nutrients
and oxygen.
A. Metalimnion
B. hypolimnion 6. According to Titman (1976), two organ-
isms will coexist if
C. epilimnion
A. They each are limited by separate re-
D. thermocline sources
3. The natural succession from an olig- B. They are similar organisms and use
otrophic lake to a eutrophic lake is referred the same resource
to as C. They are both preyed on by the same
A. eutrophication. predator
D. They both are limited by the same re-
B. mesotrophication.
source
C. oligotrophication.
7. If you were to take water samples from
D. dystrophication. various depths in an estuary, where would
you expect to find the saltiest water?
4. Which part of a river system consists of
low-elevation streams merging together A. At the surface.
to form a river? B. In the middle.
A. dispersing C. At the bottom.
B. collecting D. It would be the same in each sample.
C. distributing
8. The type of water found in an estuary is
D. transporting referred to as

1.6 mineral physics 36
A. lotic. B. Sonde
B. freshwater. C. Hutchinson
C. brackish. D. Foure
D. marshy. 11. How often does a dimictic lake mix?
9. Which of the following is NOT a surface A. once
water dominated wetland? B. twice
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. freshwater marsh C. thrice
B. swamp D. none of above
C. riparian wetland 12. Which of these is NOT a precipitation dom-
D. pocosin inated wetland?
A. pocosin
10. This Friar is credited with creating a vital
piece of limnological field equipment with B. playa
his name attached to it C. wet meadow
A. Secchi D. swamp
1.6 mineral physics

1. What elements are in carbonates? A. Analysis
A. only carbon B. Communication
B. carbon, oxygen and metals C. Dewatering
C. metals D. Sampling
D. nonmetals 5. If the mineral’s chemical formula is CaCO
3, what group is the mineral in?
2. What elements are in silicate minerals?
A. silicates
A. water
B. carbonates
B. carbon and hydrogen
C. sulfates
C. organic and inorganic D. oxides
D. silicon and oxygen
6. What elements are in sulfates?
3. cement is best connected to this mineral A. nonmetals
group
B. metals
A. carbonates C. sulfur and a metal
B. sulfates D. sulfur, oxygen and a metal
C. sulfides
7. Very small pieces of rock, including sand
D. halides and silt, is known as
4. Which of the following is the first step in A. grunge
mineral processing? B. erosion

C. deposition C. carbonates
D. sediment D. silicates

8. is a mineral’s ability to scratch another
14. A mineral/metal made of only one element
mineral.
is known as a
A. Moh
A. native.
B. Nails
B. compound.
C. Hardness
D. Weathering C. silicate.
D. halide.
9. “Weathering” refers to
A. leaving something out in the weather 15. plaster and drywall comes from what min-
B. the process of rocks being carried eral group
away A. sulfates
C. getting old looking due to rain
B. sulfides
D. the process of rock breaking apart
C. oxides
10. What is a ‘boulder’?
D. carbonates
A. a large tree
B. a weathered statue 16. The most common carbonate mineral is
C. a large rock A. calcite
D. a city B. quartz
11. What can break a boulder? C. magnetite
A. rocks & minerals D. turquoise
B. tree roots & water
C. ice 17. Brick, steel, and glass all come from sub-
stances found in Earth’s crust, but they are
D. nothing NOT called minerals because they are
12. Which types of minerals are most com- A. not made by nature
monly used in building material?
B. made of rock.
A. sulfates and carbonates
C. too hard and heavy
B. silicates and sulfates
C. sulfides and silicates D. useful to humans.
D. carbonates and sulfides 18. Drywall comes from what mineral group?
13. If the mineral’s chemical formula is Al2O3 A. carbonates
(Aluminum Oxide), what mineral group is
the mineral in? B. sulfates
A. oxides C. sulfides
B. halides D. silicates

19. The continuous process in which one type A. halides

of rock changes into another type of rock B. oxides
is known as the
C. sulfates
A. rockabilly
D. carbonates
B. rock cycle
C. rock ‘n’ roll cycle 25. What mineral groups is the most common
(96% of all minerals).
D. weathering cycle
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. silicates
20. Which is true about surface mining?
B. carbonates
A. It is the most dangerous method of
C. oxides
mining.
B. Surface mining is expensive type of D. halides
mining. 26. A rock that is changed by heat and pres-
C. Surface mining can be done through sure deep in Earth is called rock.
creating a tunnel. A. igneous
D. It is used to extract ore minerals near
B. collided
the surface of the earth.
C. metamorphic
21. Most gem stones are
D. sedimentary
A. silicates
27. A liquid fossil fuel formed from the re-
B. carbonates
mains of animals, algae, and other organ-
C. sulfides isms is
D. oxides A. oil.
22. This mineral is commonly used in pencil B. coal.
lead. C. natural gas.
A. halite D. hydrocarbon.
B. graphite
28. Why do we depend on fossil fuels?
C. magnetite
A. Electricity, transportation, and heating
D. sulfur
23. Chemicals in rain that cause weathering B. Food

make
C. Sunlight
A. acid rain
D. Growing, building muscle, calcium
B. snowy water
29. The basic carbonate structure is
C. poisonous rain
A. 1 C + 3 O
D. erosion
B. 1 C + 4 O
24. If the mineral’s chemical formula is CaF2,
what mineral group is the mineral in? C. 1 C +1 O
(hint:Fluorine is in group 17) D. 3 C + 1 O

30. Which one is not included in group of Sili- C. gypsum

cate Mineral
D. fluorite

A. Ferromagnesian
B. Carbonate 36. If the mineral’s chemical formula is Cu2O
(Copper Oxide), what mineral group is the
C. Felsic mineral in?
D. none of above
A. oxides
31. Which of the following processes involved B. halides
crushing and grinding of mineral ore?
C. carbonates
A. Analysis
D. silicates
B. Comminution
C. Dewatering 37. Which energy resources is derived from
D. Sampling natural organic materials?
A. fossil fuels
32. The basic building block of silicate minerals
is composed of B. geothermal
A. 1 silicon + 4 oxygen C. solar
B. 1 silicon + 1 oxygen D. wind
C. 4 silicon + 1 oxygen
38. When weathered rock is carried from one
D. pure silicon place to another, this is called
33. When layers of sediment are pressed to- A. weathering
gether, they form rock.
B. erosion
A. igneous
C. pilfering
B. sedimentary
D. deposition
C. metamorphic
D. fossils 39. If the mineral’s chemical formula is CaCO
3
34. Dead plants and animals that get pressed
in this rock become A. silicates
A. sedimentary B. carbonates
B. fossils C. sulfates
C. metamorphic D. oxides
D. igneous
40. The cleanest burning fossil fuel is
35. A type of mineral with a hardness of 2, it A. coal
can be scratched with a fingernail. What
type of mineral is this? B. oil
A. talc C. wind
B. calcite D. natural gas

41. The mineral’s chemical formula consists of 47. A is any nonliving solid that has a crys-
a metal combined with a nonmetal to make tal form.
a salt. A. rock
A. silicates B. mineral
B. carbonates C. vegetable
C. sulfides D. erosion
D. halides
NARAYAN CHANGDER
48. Rock that forms when melted rock cools
42. The basic building block for all silicate min- and hardens is called rock.
erals is the silica A. igneous
A. rhombehedron B. magma
B. tetrahedron C. sedimentary
C. cube D. metamorphic
D. none of above
49. If the mineral’s chemical formula is (Fe,
43. Cement comes from what mineral group? Mg)2SiO4 what mineral group is it in?
A. carbonates A. ferromagnesian
B. silicates B. quartz
C. oxides C. carbonates
D. sulfates D. feldspars
44. NaAlSi 3 O 8 is a chemical formula of 50. If the mineral’s chemical formula is CaF2,
A. a feldspar what mineral group is the mineral in?
B. quartz A. halides
C. a carbonate B. oxides
D. an oxide C. sulfates
D. carbnates
45. What mineral groups is the most com-
mon? 51. What elements are in oxides?
A. silicates A. only oxygen
B. carbonates B. oxygen and a metal
C. oxides C. metals
D. halides D. nonmetals
46. If the mineral’s chemical formula is BaSO 52. If the mineral’s chemical formula is Ag2S,
4 which mineral group is the mineral in? what mineral group is it in?
A. silicates A. sulfides
B. carbonates B. sulfates
C. halides C. halides
D. sulfates D. carbonates

53. What elements are in sulfides? 59. This mineral is used to preserve and sea-
A. metals son food. It is the mineral name for table
salt.

B. nonmetals
A. magnetite
C. sulfur and a metal
B. graphite
D. sulfur and oxygen
C. halite
54. KCl or sylvite mineral is an example of a D. gypsum
A. halide
60. Mining metals comes mainly from what
B. sulfide three mineral groups?
C. carbonate A. native elements, oxides and sulfides
D. silicate B. oxides, carbonates and sulfates
55. If the mineral’s chemical formula is PbS C. oxides, native elements and silicates
(Lead sulfide), what mineral group is it D. halides, oxides, and sillicates
in?
A. sulfides 61. Quartz is found in
B. sulfates A. baby powder
C. halides B. pencils
D. carbonates C. rubber gloves
D. glass
56. Coal is one of the major types of fossil fu-
els. In which types of organic matter does 62. Hot, molten rock below Earth’s surface is
coal come from? called
A. mostly algae A. magma
B. marine organisms B. iridite
C. dissolve minerals from rocks C. closed rock
D. forest trees, plants and marshes D. hot rock
57. When weathered rock is finally dropped 63. Which of the following is not a type of fos-
and no longer moving, it is called sil fuel?
A. stagnate A. Coal
B. deposition B. Light
C. erosion C. oil
D. process D. Natural Gas
58. If the mineral’s chemical formulas BeAlSiO 64. Fossil fuels are classified as nonrenewable
4 because they
A. silicates A. require expensive equipment
B. oxides B. take millions of years to replace
C. carbonates C. can be found all over
D. sulfates D. provide all the energy we use

1.7 mineralogy 42
65. Which mineral process involves filtration A. Coal

and sedimentation of the mining water B. Coal and oil
and drying of the solid minerals harvested
from this suspension? C. natural gas
A. Comminution D. oil
B. Concentration
67. The color of a mineral may vary, but any
C. Dewatering mineral’s streak is
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Sampling A. always different too
66. Malampaya is one of the fossil fuel reser- B. always white
voirs of the Philippines situated in the is-
land of Palawan. What type of fossil fuel C. always the same
is harnessed in it? D. usually purple
1.7 mineralogy
1. Metals like gold, silver and iron are ob- B. 3, 000
tained from rocks.
C. 3 million
A. sedimentary
D. none of above
B. metamorphic
C. igneous 5. When lava or magma cool down and
harden it forms
D. none of above
A. metamorphic rocks
2. These rocks are formed when little bits of
B. sedimentary rocks
rock get squished together and harden into
layers. C. igneous rocks
A. metamorphic rocks D. none of above
B. sedimentary rocks
6. in simple cubic structure atoms are placed
C. igneous rocks at
D. none of above A. faces
3. in simple cubic structure each atom is B. center of faces
shared by
C. corners of cube
A. 4 cells
D. center of cell
B. 6 cells
C. 8 cells 7. number of atoms in a body centered cubic
cell is
D. 10 cells
A. 1
4. or more minerals make a rock. There
B. 2
are about different minerals found on
earth. C. 3
A. 300 D. 4

1.7 mineralogy 43
8. These rocks are very hard, often shiny, 14. which has highest atomic packing factor
and can have bands of color. among mentioned

A. metamorphic rocks A. simple cubic
B. sedimentary rocks B. body centered cubic
C. igneous rocks
C. face centered cubic
D. none of above
D. all have same value
9. Which element is most abundant in the
Earth’s crust 15. The study of rocks in the laboratory as
hand specimens with a view to analyse
A. Oxygen
and discuss their texture, mineral compo-
B. Silicon sition, chemical composition is called as
C. Aluminium A. (a) petrography
D. Iron
B. hydrogeology
10. Streak is an important diagnostic property C. pedology
of
D. any of the above
A. Non-coloured minerals
B. Coloured minerals 16. Halite is made when a body of seawater
C. Metallic minerals becomes closed off and evaporates and
salt precipitates out and is deposited as
D. Non-metallic minerals crystallized halite. What type of sedimen-
11. number of atoms in a simple cubic cell is tary rock is formed?
A. 1 A. Clastic
B. 2 B. Chemical
C. 3 C. Organic
D. 4 D. Pyroclastic
12. crystal lattice is formed by
17. Quartz shows which luster?
A. one unit cell
A. Metallic
B. several unit cells
B. Vitreous
C. both
D. none C. Pearly
D. Resinous
13. Igneous and metamorphic rock can be
buried and undergo tremendous heating
18. What is the molten rock under the earth’s
and stress. What is the process of trans-
surface called?
formation of one rock type into another?
A. magma
A. Compaction
B. Lithification B. lava
C. Metamorphism C. both lava and magma
D. Weathering D. none of these

1.7 mineralogy 44
19. Igneous rocks are formed by C. crystal lattice

A. weathering and erosion D. crystal structure
B. heat and pressure 25. Which of the following is an example of an
C. compaction and cementation igneous rock?
D. cooling of magma A. Limestone
B. Coal
20. Chemical formula of kyanite
C. Sandstone
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Al2SiO3
D. Granite
B. Al2Si3O5
26. Chemical formula of Cuprite
C. Al3SiO5
A. Cu3O2
D. Al2SiO5
B. CuO2
21. Which mineral test is conducted by scrap- C. Cu2O3
ing a mineral against a ceramic plate and
noting the color of the powder left be- D. Cu2O
hind? 27. How many crystal systems are there in
A. streak crystallography?
B. color A. 2
C. luster B. 14
D. wonder C. 7
D. 132
22. Chemical formula of cassiterite
A. Sn3O 28. unit cell contains
B. Sn2O A. atom
C. SnO3 B. crystal
C. liqid
D. SnO2
D. solid
23. The prominent features of metamorphic
rocks are: 29. The materials that form the crust of the
Earth is called
A. -mostly formed under water-it has re-
mains of plants and animals-made of A. mantle
smaller particles B. rocks
B. -it has metals and mineral-it is called C. core
primary rocks D. none of above
C. -they are very hard-marble, slate
30. The softest mineral is
D. none of above
A. calcite.
24. atoms are shown as points in B. mica.
A. crystals C. talc.
B. space lattice D. graphite.

1.7 mineralogy 45
31. When weathering happens to rocks they 37. atom at the center of the every face of a
break down and eventually form unit cell is shared by how many unit cells
in a face centered cubic cell?

A. minerals
B. soil A. 1
B. 2
C. bedrock
C. 4
D. sand
D. 8
32. number of atoms in a face centered cubic
cell is 38. Petroleum is an example of a fossil fuel
obtained from rocks.
A. 1
A. igneous
B. 2
B. sedimentary
C. 3
C. metamorphic
D. 4
D. none of above
33. what is not found in unit cell
39. In relative proportion of rocks by weight
A. atom percentage which type of rocks are having
B. molecule maximum percentage?
C. ion A. Igneous rocks
D. whole crystal B. Sedimentary rocks
C. Metamorphic rocks
34. Where is the world’s deepest goldmine lo-
cated? D. None of the above
A. North Korea 40. Halides is a family of minerals that in-

cludes
B. India
A. salts.
C. Uzbekistan
B. mica.
D. South Africa
C. talc.
35. Most abundant mineral class in the earth D. corundum.
crust
A. Silicates 41. The solid layer of rock in earth’s crust is
called
B. Non silicates
A. bedrock
C. Carbonates
B. magma
D. Halides
C. lithosphere
36. Chemical formula of cristobalite D. none of above
A. SiO
42. Which of the following tools would you
B. SiO3 use to test a mineral’s volume?
C. SiO2 A. graduated cylinder
D. SiO4 B. scale

1.7 mineralogy 46
C. ceramic streak plate 48. unit cell may contain

D. glass tile A. atoms, molecules and ions
B. only atoms
43. The physical property of mineral by which
minerals are identified on account of its C. only molecules
colour of the powder form is called as D. only ions
A. colour
49. Chemical formula of wolframite
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. luster
A. (Fe, Mn)WO3
C. streak
B. (Fe, Mn)WO
D. none of these
C. (Fe, Mn)WO4
44. Chemical formula of wulfenite D. (Fe, Mn)WO2
A. PbMoO
50. Which mineral gives streak?
B. PbMoO4
A. Coloured and opaque
C. PbMoO3
B. Colourless and opaque
D. PbMoO2
C. Coloured and translucent
45. This refers to type of rock that was heated D. Coloured and transparent
and compressed over time.
A. Igneous 51. Chemical formula of malachite
B. Sedimentary A. Cu2(CO3)(OH)4
C. Metamorphic B. Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
D. All are correct C. Cu3(CO2)(OH)2

D. none of these
46. The tendency of a crystallized mineral
to break along certain directions yielding 52. Diamante
more or less smooth, plane surfaces is
A. Tz
A. Tenacity
B. C2
B. Hardness
C. C
C. Cleavage
D. none of above
D. Fracture
53. The branch of geology which deals with
47. The mass of a gemstone is communicated occurrence, origin and history of rocks is
in known as
A. grams. A. hydrogeology
B. karats. B. petrology
C. cubic tons. C. pedology
D. carats. D. geomorphology

1.7 mineralogy 47
54. Mineralogy deals with? C. diaphaneity

A. Individual properties of minerals D. none of these

B. Formation of minerals 60. Mineral classification base on
C. More of occurrence A. Chemical composition and atomic
D. Properties, formation and occurrence structure
55. The atomic packing fraction (APF) of FCC B. Chemical composition and chemical
crystal is: bonding
A. 68% C. Chemical composition and anions
B. 34% D. Chemical composition and cations

C. 74% 61. Why is copper the most common conductor
D. 52% used in electrical wiring if silver is the best
conductor of electricity?
56. Small pieces of rock moved from one part A. cost
to other by wind and water, glacier is
called as B. how pretty it is
A. weathering C. it catches fire less often
B. erosion D. because of its color
C. rock flow 62. If you have provided with same exact
D. cementation chemical composition two minerals, which
one will form higher pressures?
57. The crystal system that has three axes
A. the mineral with greatest density
with equal length but in which none of the
axes meet at a 90o angle is B. mineral with lowest density
A. Cubic C. mineral with lowest hardness
B. Trigonal or Rhombohedral D. mineral with greatest hardness
C. Monoclinic 63. Important environmental condition re-
D. Hexagonal quired for mineral formation
A. Temperature and pressure
58. A rock that forms when magma hardens
beneath Earth’s surface is termed as: B. Time and pressure
A. Intrusive metamorphic rock C. Time and depth
B. Extrusive sedimentary rock D. Time and temperature
C. Intrusive igneous rock 64. Obsidian, pumice, and granite are all ex-
D. Extrusive igneous rock amples of
59. The relative capacity of substance to ab- A. metamorphic rocks

sorb or transmit light is known as B. sedimentary rocks
A. resinous C. igneous rocks
B. radiating D. none of above

1.7 mineralogy 48
65. A mineral that fractures 71. A point has

A. splits into even pieces. A. zero dimension
B. has two colors showing in the same B. one dimension
mineral sample. C. two dimension
C. breaks into jagged, uneven pieces. D. three dimension
D. no longer has a crystalline structure.
72. Which of the following tests involves
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66. The rock which consists of partly of crys- using a blacklight to see if a mineral
tals and partly of glass is known as glows/shows another color?
A. mesocrystalline A. luster
B. double refraction
B. holocryslalline
C. fluorescence
C. holohyaline
D. acid testing
D. none of these
73. Crystals which are better developed in
67. Lustre doesn’t depend on? two directions than third direction are
A. Refractive index mineral known as
B. Absorption of mineral A. tabular
C. Transmittance of mineral B. equidimensional
D. Nature of reflecting surface C. none of these
D. any of these
68. The scientific study of earth is known as
74. Hardness of a mineral depends upon
A. earthology
A. Chemical composition
B. petrology
B. Atomic constitution
C. geology
C. Chemical composition and atomic con-
D. none of above stitution
69. Chemical formula of pyrolusite D. Physical makeup
A. MnO 75. The branch of geology which deals with
B. MnO4 study of uppermost layers of earth’s crust
is known as
C. MnO2
A. petrology
D. MnO3
B. hydrogeology
70. Which of the following minerals is pure car- C. pedology
bon?
D. geomorphology
A. corundum.
76. atom at the corner of a unit cell is shared
B. mica.
by how many unit cells in a body centered
C. opal. cubic cell?
D. diamond. A. 1

1.7 mineralogy 49
B. 2 82. Soil is different than sand because soil has

organic matter in it. What is organic mat-
C. 4
ter?

D. 8
A. dirt
77. It happens when the light travels from a B. clay
high density medium to a low density one C. manure
with an angle of incidence greater than the
D. decaying plants and animals
critical angle.
A. angle of refraction 83. Which of the following types of rocks could
be the potential of metamorphic rocks?
B. critical angle
A. igneous
C. total internal reflection
B. sedimentary
D. none of above C. metamorphic
78. Which of the following is not true about a D. all the above
mineral?
84. Hardness is which kind of property?
A. Naturally occurring A. Isotropic
B. Organic substance B. Anisotropic
C. Inorganic substance C. Homogenous
D. Definite chemical composition D. Non-homogenous
79. The layer that separates crust from core is 85. Colour of a mineral depends upon its?
known as A. Atomic structure
A. lithosphere B. Outer surface
B. magma layer C. Composition
C. mantle D. Atomic structure and composition
D. solid inner core 86. Rocks were used to make in the an-
cient times by primitive man.
80. Chemical formula of smaltite
A. Petroleum
A. CoAs3 B. flooring tile
B. CoAs4 C. weapons and tools
C. CoAs2 D. none of above
D. CoAs 87. polarizing by refraction could be used to
produce polarized light by removing one of
81. simple cubic has atoms at
the two plane polarized rays by using
A. corners A. absorption method
B. centre of body B. utilizing critical angle
C. centre of surface C. a & b
D. nowhere D. none of the following

1.7 mineralogy 50
88. When a rock is changed into a different 94. Which will be the parental rock for meta-
type it is called a morphic rock?
A. metamorphic rock A. igneous
B. sedimentary rock B. sedimentary
C. metamorphic
C. igneous rock
D. all of the above
D. none of above
95. amorphous materials have
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89. The scale of hardness is? A. sharp melting point
A. Ritcher B. do not have sharp melting point
B. Mohs C. very small range of melting point
C. Ohm D. none
D. Mho 96. The heat caused by melting in the earth
history was supplied from which of the fol-
90. What is the name of the study of miner- lowing events or causes?
als?
A. volcanic activity and radioactivity
A. petrology B. large impact event and solar heating
B. geology C. solar heating
C. mineralogy D. a large impact event and radioactivity
D. stratigraphy 97. The way a mineral reflects light is known
as its
91. The scientific study of rocks is called
A. double refraction.
A. petrology
B. luster.
B. psychology C. phosphorescence.
C. seismology D. fluorescence.
D. none of above 98. Identify the right statement for an amor-
phous substance?
92. sharp melting point is found in
A. Polyhedral form
A. amorphous materials
B. No external and internal structure
B. crystalline materials
C. Have a internal structure but do have
C. all solids external structure
D. none D. Covering smooth surfaces
93. Galena 99. This layer of the earth is liquid and is

where magma comes from.
A. PbS2
A. core
B. Pb2S B. mantle
C. PbS C. crust
D. none of above D. none of above

1.7 mineralogy 51
100. The purity of a metal is communicated in C. Metamorphic Rocks

A. thousands. D. Minerals

B. karats. 106. The branch of geology which deals with
C. freshness. study of chronology of the earth’s past
D. carats. events is called as
A. historical geology
101. Chemical substances that have exactly
the same chemical formula but different B. structural geology
crystal structure is C. physical geology
A. ions D. none of the above
B. isotopes
107. These rocks often have fossils, layers,
C. polymorphs and are not as hard as other types.
D. electrons A. metamorphic rocks
102. number of atoms per unit cell is greater B. sedimentary rocks
in C. igneous rocks
A. simple cubic D. none of above
B. face centered cubic
108. Is a diamond created from peanut butter
C. body centered cubic a mineral?
D. all have equal A. No.
103. Minerals can be classified by crystal sys- B. Yes.
tems, which are organized by possible C. Sometimes.
combinations of axis length and axis an-
gles. There are Crystal Systems. D. none of above
A. 6 109. Common type of chemical bonding in

B. 7 mineals
C. 8 A. Ionic bonding and covalent bonding
D. 10 B. metallic bonding and covalent bonding
104. Diamond is having hardness number C. Covalent bonding and vander walls
A. 8 bonding
B. 5 D. Metallic bonding and ionic bonding
C. 10 110. The minerals which could be scrached by
D. 0 finger nail will have hardness between
105. What type of rocks are formed from sed- A. 3 and 4

iments over long period of time? B. 2 and 3
A. Igneous Rocks C. 5 and 6
B. Sedimentary Rocks D. none of these

1.7 mineralogy 52
111. Rocks are sorted by 117. Rocks are classified into 3 types.
A. what they look like A. Igneoussedimentarymetamorphic
B. where they are found B. Intrusive ExtrusiveIgneous
C. how they are formed C. Igneoussandstone and lime-
D. how much they cost stonemetamorphic
D. none of above
112. The distance that happens when one
NARAYAN CHANGDER
wave lags behind another one is called 118. The type of mineral showing variable
A. retardation colour is?
B. befrings A. Idiochromatic
C. double refraction B. Allochromatic
D. none of above C. Iridescence

D. Pseudochromatic
113. Chemical formula of Zincite
A. ZnO 119. atom at the corner of a unit cell is shared
by how many unit cells in a simple cubic
B. ZnO3 cell?
C. ZnO4 A. 1
D. ZnO2
B. 2
114. atoms in a cell means C. 4
A. only atoms D. 8
B. only molecules
120. Sandstone, Limestone, Shale, and gyp-
C. only ions sum are examples of
D. atoms, molecules and ions all A. metamorphic rocks
115. How thick is the crust of the earth? B. sedimentary rocks
A. about 4 miles C. igneous rocks
B. about 4 km D. none of above
C. about 40 km 121. A certain type of crystal is having

D. about 400 km lattice constants in the ratio a:b:c is
0.424:1:0.367 . The Miller indicesof the
116. Marble, slate, schist, gneiss (nice), coal, plane whose intercepts are 0.212:1:0.183
and quartzite are examples of is
A. metamorphic rocks A. (212)
B. sedimentary rocks B. (112)
C. igneous rocks C. (211)
D. none of above D. (111)

1.8 paleontology 53
122. Specific gravity = 124. Most abundant mineral in the earth crust
A. volume divided by mass. A. Quartz

B. mass minus volume. B. Garnet
C. mass divided by volume. C. Fedspar
D. volume times mass. D. Zircon
125. The Moh’s scale is used to test a min-

123. bcc stands for eral’s
A. boundary cubic cell A. streak.
B. boarder cubic cell B. luster.
C. body centered cubic C. hardness.
D. body cubic cell D. fluorescence.
1.8 paleontology
1. The Stegosaurus had two pairs of open- 4. In horizontal layers of sedimentary rock,
ings behind each eye socket and a pubic each layer is older than the layer above
bone that points back toward its tail end. it.
In which order of reptiles would this fossil A. mass extinct
species be classified?
B. geologic time scale
A. Saurischia
C. era
B. Pterosauria D. law of superposition
C. Ornithischia
5. During this time we saw the earliest
D. Ichthyosauria form.
A. trees
2. Three examples of specific living things
during this time included: B. Fish
A. Trilobite C. life
D. none of above
B. Conodon
C. Gapiolite 6. What prevents the jurassic park dinosaurs
from reproducing?
D. all of the above
A. They’re all female
3. The Law of Superposition helps scientists B. They’re all male
to determine what? C. They just don’t like each other
A. The absolute age of rock layers D. none of above
B. The age of fossils 7. Invertebrates are animals without
C. The relative age of rock layers A. adaptations
D. the super powers of rocks B. backbones

1.8 paleontology 54
C. sense of smell 13. The disappearance of a species.

D. herds A. Evolution
B. Extinction
8. Steinkarn’s are
C. Migration
A. Stone age weapons
D. Mutation
B. Internal mould
C. External mould 14. A record of the geologic events and life
forms in Earth’s history.
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D. Cast
A. index fossil
9. An undeformed sedimentary layer is B. half-life
than the layer above and than the
C. radioactive dating
layer below
D. geologic time scale
A. younger younger
B. younger older 15. Fish, , clams, and sponges all appeared
during this time.
C. older younger
A. Snails
D. older older
B. coral
10. Which statement BEST describes how the C. ocean
fossil bones of a dinosaur are formed? D. none of above
A. The dinosaur became trapped in am-
ber. 16. The “Age of the Reptiles refers to what
time period:
B. The dinosaur was covered in sediment.
A. Mesozoic
B. Cenozoic
C. The dinosaur was frozen in ice.
C. Paleozoic
D. The dinosaur stepped in wet mud.
D. Precambrian
11. Preserved remains or traces of an organ-
ism that lived in the past. 17. Who came up with the theory of Uniformi-
tarianism
A. vertebrate
A. Steve Jobs
B. carbon film
B. Michael Jordan
C. invertebrate
C. James Hutton
D. fossil D. none of above
12. What allowed paleontologists to study liv- 18. What evidence do scientists use to show
ing organisms for clues to understanding birds and dinosaurs had common ances-
fossil evidence? tors?
A. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution A. They both have scales
B. Micro-tech HP Scanners B. All of the above
C. DNA evidence C. They both lay eggs
D. Geographical location, habitat, climate D. They both have forward turned pelvic
and food bones

1.8 paleontology 55
19. During which era were the dinosaurs the C. drying out
dominant life form on Earth D. being buried in sediment

A. Paleozoic
25. What is a Paleobotanist?
B. Cenozoic
A. A person who grows plants
C. Precambrian
B. A person who studies fossils
D. Mesozoic
C. A person who grows ancient plants
20. What 2 machines reveal a fossil’s internal D. A person who studies ancient plants
structures?
A. X-ray machines and electron micro- 26. New kinds of were appearing during
scopes this time.
B. Electron Microscopes and x-ray ma- A. hot springs

chines B. Fish
C. Electron microscope and Computers C. whales
D. Computers and x-ray machines D. none of above
21. What is the job of an Archaeologist? 27. The fossil record

A. to study past cultures, human remains, A. Shows major changes in global climate
settlements, fossils, and artifacts
B. To study scientific and historical fos- B. Shows the history of life on earth
sils from dinosaurs C. Helps scientists understand how
C. To find cool stuff underground species have evolved over time
D. To study the relationship between ge- D. All of these are correct
ography and fossils
28. Which Era was dominated by dinosaurs?
22. What era is the “age of dinosaurs? ” A. Paleozoic
A. Cenozoic B. Mesozoic
B. Jurassic C. Cenozoic
C. Mesozoic D. Cambrian
D. Paleozoic
29. The Ordovician was BIG because it was the
23. Examples of life during the Cambrian in- beginning of
clude: A. time
A. Trilobite B. life
B. Brachiopod C. Colonization
C. Echinoderm D. none of above
D. All of the above
30. A fossilized track, such as a footprint is a
24. Most fossils are formed by
A. being preserved in amber A. Rock
B. being frozen B. Mold

1.8 paleontology 56
C. Trace Fossil C. sediment

D. Petrified Wood D. erosion
31. What time Era do we live in?
37. What dinosaur weighs the most?
A. Triassic
A. Tyrannosaurus
B. Cenozoic
B. Argentinosaurus
C. Paleozoic
C. Diplodocus
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Tertiary
D. Mosasaur
32. What happened to the only complete
spinosaurs fossil? 38. Which of the following geologic principles
A. It was destroyed in WW2 explain how we know if rock layers have
B. It is standing today in a German mu- been disturbed?
seum A. Superposition
C. Scientists used it to find out more B. Original Horizontality
D. none of above C. Inclusions
33. We usually find fossils in D. Weathering
A. Igneous rock
39. This is a fossilized impression; a negative
B. Sedimentary rock
image of the organism
C. Metamorphic Rock
A. mold
D. Sandy Rock
B. trace
34. melted and we had a rise in
C. cast
A. ice
D. true form
B. Glacier and sea level
C. land forms 40. According to uniformitarianism, how does
D. none of above geologic change happen?
A. every few years
35. The process in which the nuclei of radioac-
tive elements break down, releasing fast- B. suddenly
moving particles and decay. C. gradually
A. relative age
D. after an earthquake
B. half-life
C. absolute age 41. What comes from trees and preserves in-
sects and other small animals?
D. radioactive decay
A. Tar
36. The name rock is given when it is broken
down into smaller pieces. B. Ice
A. texture C. Amber
B. weathering D. Carbon

1.8 paleontology 57
42. Study of fossil spores and pollens 48. was the first jawed fish.
A. Paleobotany A. nemo

B. Paleoecology B. sid the sloth
C. Paleosporology C. Placoderm
D. Palynology D. none of above
43. What is hardened tree sap?
49. Donna wants to make something that
A. coprolites looks like a fossil. Which should she do?
B. index fossils A. mix sand and clay and let it dry
C. gastroliths B. cover a seed with soil and water it
D. amber
C. push a shell into clay and pull it out
44. What dinosaur had the nickname:“Great D. wrap a leaf around a rock and freeze it
Southern Lizard”?
A. Carnotaurus 50. are land living vertebrates.
B. carcharodontosaurus A. plants
C. Giganotosaurus B. tetrapod
D. none of above C. animals
45. How old do Paleontologists believe the D. none of above

Earth is?
51. The Ordovician had a climate.
A. 6000 years old
A. Tropical
B. 3.5 trillion years old
B. climate
C. 4.5 billion years old
C. mild
D. 65.5 million years old
D. none of above
46. Fossils that are not the actual organ-
ism but evidence of that organism’s exis- 52. What type of rock do fossils form in?
tence.
A. Igneous
A. index fossils
B. Sedimentary
B. trace fossils
C. Metamorphic
C. altered hard parts
D. Classic
D. original preservation
47. A scientist who studies fossils to learn 53. A fossil is

about organisms that lived long ago. A. any dead organism
A. chemist B. a copy of a rock
B. biologist C. the preserved remains or traces of an
C. astrologist organism
D. paleontologist D. none of these

1.8 paleontology 58
54. By the end of the Devonian, when it comes 59. The environment during this time started
to plants, we had the first and ap- to
pear! A. Stabilize
A. Trees and forest B. go crazy
B. after image C. die out
C. dinosaurs D. none of above
D. none of above 60. Which of the following statements about
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the fossil record is true?
55. What was probably the first organism on
Earth? A. all organisms become fossils
B. organisms having soft body parts
A. Plants
make up most of the fossils
B. Alligators C. all organisms that have shells become
C. Bacteria fossils
D. Fish D. the fossil record is incomplete
61. What plant is Dr. Sattler concerned is mak-

56. The environment had a very climate.
ing the dinosaurs sick?
A. tropical
A. West Indian lilac
B. Mild B. Orchids
C. cool C. Gingko trees
D. none of above D. Poison ivy
57. According to the law of superposition, 62. What is micropaleontology?

what type of organisms would a paleon- A. The study of microscopes
tologist find in the oldest layers of rock?
B. The study of microscopic organisms
A. simple C. The study of large fossils
B. complex D. The study of fossils of microscopic or-
C. both simple and complex ganisms
D. ones that are alive today 63. When an organism no longer exists on
Earth, we say it is
58. How can you explain the discovery of a
A. preserved
fossil of a tropical plant in Alaska?
B. complex
A. The fossil was taken there and buried.
C. extinct
D. fossilized
B. Alaska was once colder than it is now.
64. How are rock layers arranged in the geo-
C. Alaska was once warmer than it is now. logic column?
A. youngest rocks in the middle
D. There is no explanation. B. youngest rocks on the bottom

1.8 paleontology 59
C. oldest rocks are on the bottom 70. Humans appeared during the era.
D. oldest rocks are on the top A. Paleozoic

65. What assumption must be made to calcu- B. Mesozoic
late an age using radiometic dating? C. Cenozoic
A. the amount of the isotopes present in D. none of above
the material when it formed
71. The 2 major animal groups that appeared
B. the amount of the isotopes measured during this time were the and the
in the material
A. disney world
C. the age of the material being analyzed
B. erie when we have snow
D. the rate of decay of the isotopes C. Tendropod and arthropod

D. none of above
66. Relative dating of rock layers tells us that
the deeper we dig, 72. During this period we had the evolution of
A. the younger the rocks get
B. the smellier the rocks get A. life
C. the harder the rocks get B. Fish
D. the older the rocks get C. earth

D. none of above
67. During the Ordovician formed because
it was so cold! 73. To maintain something in its original or ex-
A. caves isting state is to?
B. Glaciers A. sediment
C. trenches B. organism
D. none of above C. preserve

D. fossil
68. Which era began with the early in-
vertebrates, such as trilobites and bra- 74. Approximately when did the dinosaurs go
chiopods. extinct?
A. Paleozoic A. 65, 000 years ago.
B. Mesozoic B. 65 MYA
C. Cenozoic C. 65 years ago
D. none of above D. 65 BYA
69. The plants started to to during this 75. What did spinosaurids mostly prioritize
period. their diet on?
A. Move to land A. Fish
B. move to the ocean B. Live large dinosaurs
C. not move anywhere C. Live small dinosaurs
D. none of above D. Lush vegetation

1.8 paleontology 60
76. Which type of dating method can be used 82. The geologic time scale is a record of
on rock layers by applying the Law of Su- A. how quickly fossils form
perposition?
B. how dinosaurs evolved
A. relative dating
C. the life forms and events of Earth’s his-
B. absolute dating
tory
C. radioactive dating
D. the thickness of rock layers
D. radiometric dating
NARAYAN CHANGDER
83. The Ordovician had many diverse in-
77. The earliest span of time in Earth history
vertebrates.
is called
A. Precambrian time A. Marine
B. Phanerozoic time B. land

C. Homeroom C. vertebrates
D. Cenozoic time D. none of above
78. The big event that happened during this pe- 84. A fossilized track is a
riod was we finally had the first
A. Rock
A. Evolution of land
B. Coprolite
B. earth
C. Trace Fossil
C. Austin arguing with his Uncle
D. Carbon Film fossil
D. none of above
79. What is the name of the largest Tyran- 85. An area where archaeologist dig things up
nosaur fossil found yet? from the past is called
A. Roberta A. site
B. Susan B. wash
C. Sue C. hole
D. Jim D. laboratory
80. One of the units of geologic time into 86. As far as animals, there were many
which geologists divide eras.
A. land animals
A. era
B. vertebrates
B. geologic time scale
C. Marine invertebrates
C. period
D. none of above
D. uncomformity
81. Humans are a part of this era 87. Who was Mary Anning?
A. Paleozoic A. A famous fossil collector

B. Mesozoic B. A famous paleontologist
C. Cenozoic C. An incredibly smart scientist
D. none of above D. A paleobotanist

1.8 paleontology 61
88. Which of the following would be consid- 94. What did Greek and Roman scientists
ered a fossil? think fossils were

A. decayed plant remains A. Remains of Life Forms
B. clay pots B. Cool helmets
C. scrolls
C. Remains of mythological creatures
D. arrowhead
D. Dead animals
89. The Cambrian is also known as the “Age
of the “ 95. How can “biomimicry” be described?
A. dinosaurs A. when a form of life is cloned
B. ice age B. when scientists attempt to adopt ani-
C. Trilobite mal qualities
D. none of above C. when biologists study to become fossil
hunters
90. A person who studies human behavior and
culture through the recovery and analysis D. when an engineer attempts to take a
of artifacts is called a(n) process in nature and replicate it in a new
form of technology
A. scientist
B. archaeologist 96. Relative age of a rock is
C. paleontologist A. its exact age
D. botanist B. its age compared to the age of other
91. During this period we have the first rocks
and C. different from the ages of fossils
A. salt water found in the rock
B. Fresh water and jawed fish D. based on how much carbon 14 is in the
C. no jawed rock
D. none of above 97. What was the first eon called?

92. What does Mezozoic mean in Greek? A. The Phanerzoic
A. Real LIfe B. The Cambrian
B. Recent Life C. The Precambrian
C. Ancient Life
D. The Jurassic
D. Middle Life
98. A species that has disappeared is said to
93. examples of specific species that evolved
be:
during this time include:
A. endangered
A. all of the above
B. Cencodon B. extinct
C. Brachiopod C. hiding
D. Trilobite D. excreted

1.8 paleontology 62
99. Dinosaurs, small mammals, and bird are C. absolute age

found in this time period. D. radioactive decay
A. Precambrian time
105. Which of the below eras happened first?
B. Paleozoic era
A. Cenozoic
C. Mesozoic era B. Mesozoic
D. Cenozoic era C. Paleozoic
NARAYAN CHANGDER
100. During the Devonian, the plants were D. none of above
106. During which era did man first appear?
A. large A. Paleozoic Era
B. Small B. Cenozoic Era
C. medium C. Precambrian Time
D. none of above D. Mesozoic Era
101. Approximately how much did a T-Rex 107. Pieces of the crust moving around on the
weigh? earth’s surface is called
A. 3 tons A. San Andreas Fault
B. 4 tons B. Plate Continent
C. 5 tons C. Super Continent
D. 6 tons D. Plate tectonics
108. At the end of the Ordovician, % of
102. A type of fossil consisting of an ex-
all invertebrate marine life
tremely thin coating of carbon on rock.
A. 60% and extinct
A. vertebrate
B. 100% and living
B. carbon film
C. 4% and mediocre
C. invertebrate
D. none of above
D. fossil
109. Which can scientists learn when they
103. A type of fossil that is a hollow area in study fossils?
sediment in the shape of an organism or A. Why plants need sunlight
part of an organism.
B. How volcanoes make new rocks
A. trace fossil
C. What plants lived long ago
B. mold fossil
D. When the next earthquake will occur
C. petrified fossil
110. When the first dinosaurs were alive, our
D. cast fossil planet had one large landmass called
104. The time it takes half of the atoms of a A. Pangaea
radioactive element to decay B. Jurassic
A. relative age C. Mezosoic
B. half-life D. answer not here

1.8 paleontology 63
111. What do paleontologists study? 117. What is Paleontology the study of?
A. space A. The Study of Pale Skin

B. fossils B. The Study of Life
C. atmosphere C. The Study of the History of Life

D. The Study of History
D. weather
118. What do you call any evidence of a organ-
112. Each era is divided into ism that lived in the past?
A. Periods A. ancestors
B. Eons B. fossils
C. Epochs C. organisms
D. eras D. extinct
119. A fossil that is a solid copy of an organ-

113. An animal with a backbone.
ism’s shape, formed when minerals seep
A. vertebrate into a mold.
B. carbon film A. trace fossil
C. invertebrate B. mold fossil
D. fossil C. petrified fossil

D. cast fossil
114. What Era are we currently in?
120. states that the geologic feature which
A. Paleozoic cuts another is the younger of the two fea-
B. Mesozoic tures
C. Cenozoic A. law of horizontality

B. cross cutting relationships
D. Triassic
C. law of superposition
115. How can paleontologists be described? D. uniformitarianism
A. they study fossils
121. What type of event usually marks the
B. they study human remains end of an Era
C. they study current societies A. A Mass Extinction
D. they are extinct B. A Quinceanera
C. An earthquake
116. The age of a rock given as the number of
D. Evolution of a species
years since the rock formed.
A. relative age 122. This represents activities that happened
when the organism was alive; tooth
B. half-life marks, eggshells, footprints
C. absolute age A. mold
D. radioactive decay B. cast

1.8 paleontology 64
C. trace 128. What is an individual plant or animal?

D. true form A. organism
B. mammal
123. Change over time for organisms.
C. ancestors
A. geologic time scale
D. cave man
B. evolution
129. The states that layers of sediment
C. era
were originally deposited horizontally un-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. period der the action of gravity.
A. law of superposition
124. What do scientists believe happened at
the end of the Mesozoic era to cause a B. law of horizontality
mass extinction? C. uniformitarianism
A. Earthquake D. unconformities
B. Flood 130. A trilobite, which lived during only one
C. Meterorite era, is a good example of a(n)
D. Tsuanami A. trace fossil
B. complex organism
125. An animal without a backbone.
C. intrusion
A. vertebrate
D. index fossil
B. carbon film
131. Older rocks and fossils tend to be at the
C. invertebrate
D. fossil A. top
126. When was the first perfectly preserved B. bottom
Ammonite fossil found? C. right side
A. 2019 D. mall
B. 1877 132. Which animal part would MOST LIKELY
C. 1930 form a fossil?
D. There are no perfect specimens. A. fur

B. lung
127. The study of faunal succession allows
C. bone
D. muscle
A. matching of similarly-aged rocks from
different outcrops 133. What are examples of plants during this
time include:
B. absolute dating of fossil-bearing
strata A. dirt
C. recognition of the kings of the beasts B. Red & green algae
in past times C. cactus
D. the study of habits of extinct mammals D. none of above

1.8 paleontology 65
134. One of three long units of geologic time 140. When did the formal science of Paleontol-
between Precambrian and the present. ogy begin?

A. evolution A. 1600s
B. period B. 1800s
C. geologic time scale C. 1700s
D. era
D. 1300s
135. How old is the Earth?
141. Father of paleontology
A. 6, 400 year old
A. Thomas moore
B. 1 million years old
C. 4.6 billion years old B. William smith
D. 65 million years old C. George Cuvier

D. Charles Darwin
136. What is extinction?
A. When an organism reproduces 142. Most fossils can be found in what type of
B. The inside of a nucleus rock?
C. When an organism dies off from Earth. A. igneous
B. metamorphic
D. How your teacher feels on Friday after-
C. sedimentary
noon.
D. iron
137. Near the era’s end the reptiles became
dominant. 143. What does Pangaea mean in Greek?
A. Paleozoic A. “All earth”
B. Mesozoic B. “All living”
C. Cenozoic
C. “All fossils”
D. none of above
D. “Earth fossils”
138. An example of a trace fossil would be a
144. What is formed when a mold is filled in?
A. Dinosaur Footprint A. ice
B. Bird Skull B. trace
C. fern leaf C. cast
D. frozen mastodon D. fossils
139. The Geologic Time Scale is a record of
145. Brachiosaurus was a
what?
A. old geologists A. sauropod
B. sweet geology music B. Brachiopod

C. the known history of rocks and fossils C. ceratopsid
D. a list of every living thing ever D. mammal

1.8 paleontology 66
146. A gap in the geologic record that shows C. scavengers and decomposers destroy
where rock layers have been lost due to most dead organisms
erosion. D. all of the above
A. extrusion
152. made their first appearance during
B. unconformity this period.
C. intrusion A. plants
D. law of superposition B. sea life
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Coral reef
147. A type of fossil that provides evidence of
the activities of ancient organisms. D. none of above
A. trace fossil 153. What do you call matter that settles at
B. mold fossil the bottom of a liquid?
A. fossils
C. petrified fossil
B. pulp
D. cast fossil
C. sediments
148. Scientists use rock to determine the D. organisms
relative age of fossils.
154. Which of the following places the geo-
A. Intrusive Igneous Rock
logic time eras in order from oldest to most
B. Extrusive Igneous Rock recent?
C. Metamphorphic Rock A. Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic,
D. Sedimentary Rock Cenozoic
B. Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-
149. What can we learn from studying fos- cambrian
sils?
C. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-
A. how earth’s environment has changed cambrian
D. Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Precambrian,
B. how hurricanes form Mesozoic
C. what causes earthquakes 155. Fossils of the actual animal or animal part
D. how the solar system has changed are its?
A. mold
150. We live in which era?
B. cast
A. paleozoic
C. true form
B. mesozoic
D. extinct
C. cenozoic
156. This was the name of the giant continent
D. proterozoic during the Cambrian.
151. Why is the fossil record incomplete? A. Rodina
A. fossils get eroded away over time B. pangea
B. most organisms never became fossils C. North America
D. none of above

1.9 petrology 67
157. What are invertebrates? C. 4.5 million years

A. Animals without backbones D. 4.6 million years

B. Animals with no flexibility
161. flourished in the oceans.
C. Animals with backbones
A. Brachiopod
D. Animals without bones
B. sea life
158. Fossils are most common in which rock
C. fish
types?
D. none of above
A. sedimentary
B. igneous 162. Most of the fossils found in Virginia are
C. metamorphic marine organisms. This means Virginia
was probably once covered by
D. all of these commonly contain fossils
A. Ocean
159. The age of a rock compared to the ages
B. Volcanoes
of other rocks.
C. Grassland
A. relative age
D. Pavement
B. half-life
C. absolute age 163. What type of scientists study fossils?
D. radioactive decay A. Geologists
160. What is the estimated age of the Earth? B. Archaeologists
A. 4.5 billion years C. idoentnoeigists
B. 4.6 billion years D. Paleontologists
1.9 petrology
1. Poikiloblasts are B. development of crystal faces during
A. Metamorphic mineral growth
B. Relict of Igneous C. density and specific gravity of miner-
C. Sediemntary structure als.
D. None of the above D. development of irregular fractures
when minerals is broken
2. Plutonic type of rocks generally shows
A. fine grained texture 4. The study of rocks, its origin, and its pet-
B. course grained texture rogenesis.
C. both a & b A. Petrology
D. none
B. Geology
3. Cleavage means
C. Petrography
A. Splitting a mineral along planner sur-
faces D. Mineralogy

1.10 seismology 68
1.10 seismology
1. How is continental crust different from 6. Most earthquakes occur at
oceanic crust? A. edges of tectonic plates.
A. Continental crust is thicker, and is B. faults.
made of basalt
C. at subduction zones
B. Continental crust is thinner, and is
D. All are correct
NARAYAN CHANGDER
made of granite
C. Continental crust is thicker, and is 7. Which type of fault results from pulling?
made of granite
A. Reverse
D. none of above
B. Strike Slip
2. Where is new seafloor created? C. Normal
A. At the trenches D. Transform
B. At the mid-ocean ridges
8. Which wave arrives second to the seismic
C. On the continental shelf station?
D. none of above A. P-Primary
3. The point inside the Earth where and earth- B. S-Secondary
quake begins is called C. Surface
A. Epicenter D. N-Normal
B. Focus
9. Which type of tectonic plate boundary oc-
C. Fault curs where the Indian plate collides with
D. S-P deformation the Himalayas?
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about A. Convergent
S Waves? B. Divergent
A. They are faster than surface waves. C. Transform
B. They can travel through all states of D. Fault
matter
10. On which type of plate would you find
C. They shear rock back and forth or side
thicker, less dense crust?
to side.
A. Oceanic plate
D. They can be used to located epicen-
ters. B. Continental plate
C. Volcanic plate
5. The Atlantic Ocean gets about 3-5
wider each year. D. Lithospheric plate
A. centimeters 11. The leading theory why earthquakes occur
B. kilometers in Earth’s crust.
C. miles A. Elastic Rebound
D. meters B. Fault Force

1.10 seismology 69
C. Epicenter Deformation 17. What type of wave are Secondary

waves?
D. Plastic Deformation

A. Tensional
12. Which wave is the most destructive? B. Compressional
A. P-Primary C. Transversal
B. S-Secondary D. Shear
C. L-Love 18. What is the minimum number of recording
stations necessary to determine the epi-
D. R-Rayleigh
center of an earthquake?
13. A break in Earth’s crust along which blocks A. One
of crust slide is called a B. Two
A. deformation. C. Three
B. focus. D. Four
C. Epicenter. 19. The epicenter of an earthquake is
D. fault. A. The point below the surface where
rock begins to break and the first motion
14. Which plate boundary generally is known occurs
for the weakest and shallowest earth B. The seismic station closest to the
quakes? earthquake
A. Divergent C. The place where the greatest damage
B. Transform occurs
D. The point on the surface directly above
C. Convergent
the focus
D. Convergent with subduction zone
20. How much bigger is a magnitude 8 earth-
15. Who was the geologist who developed the quake compared to magnitude 7 one on the
theory of seafloor spreading? Richter Scale?
A. 1 time bigger
A. Harry Hess
B. 10 times bigger
B. Bill Nye
C. 100 times bigger
C. Alfred Wegener
D. 1000 times bigger
D. Albert Einstein
21. Why did no one believe Wegener’s tho-
16. Earthquakes under the water can cause ery?
A. He could not explain HOW the conti-
nents moved
A. tornadoes
B. He didn’t have evidence
B. tsunamis
C. His data was wrong
C. lightening
D. He didn’t use the right technology to
D. hailstorms gather data

1.10 seismology 70
22. What is the ring of fire? 28. What causes convection currents in the
A. The section of the volcano which the mantle?
most activity takes place in A. Heat from the core
B. A section along the pacific ocean B. Tectonic plate motion
where a hot spot of volcanoes are located. C. Continental drift
D. Earth’s rotation on its axis
C. The most deadly volcano in the world
29. Identify the name given to the land mass
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
when all continents were joined 225 MA
23. The Richter scale measures: (million years ago)
A. the amount of radon gas released A. Gondwana
B. the movement of plates B. Pangea
C. the strength of an earthquake C. Laurasia
D. the weight of tectonic plates D. none of above
24. subduction zones in the ocean can create 30. At what plate boundary will a strike slip
which features? fault be found?
A. islands A. divergent
B. volcanoes B. transform
C. convergent
C. earthquakes
D. all of them
D. all of the above
31. Which of the following causes Earth’s tec-
25. Most earthquakes happen along the
tonic plates to move?
A. coast
A. Energy from the Sun
B. faults B. Magnetic Pole Reversal
C. desert C. Convection currents in the mantle
D. directions D. Faults in Mountain Ranges
26. The motion caused by earthquakes travels 32. The type of wave that moves the ground
outward from the focus in the form of up and down is called..
A. Electromagnetic waves A. Surface
B. Seismic waves B. Primary
C. Gravity waves C. Secondary
D. Chemical energy D. Both P and S waves do this
27. A break in the lithosphere along which 33. What are seismic waves that travel along
movement has occurred is a(n) Earth’s outer layer called?
A. fault A. seismograms
B. earthquake B. seismographs
C. epicenter C. surface waves
D. volcano D. surfing waves

1.10 seismology 71
34. P Waves can move through which of the 40. How much is each magnitude on the
following? Richter Scale multiplied by?

A. Gas A. x2
B. Liquid B. x10
C. Solid C. x23
D. All of these D. x100
35. Liquefaction is when 41. In these faults, blocks of rock move side-
ways on either side of the fault plane
A. the soil behaves like liquid
A. Reverse faults
B. the ground becomes liquid
B. Convergent boundary
C. magma rises to the surface
C. Normal faults
D. buildings are damaged, crumbling like
liquid D. Strike-slip faults
36. What happens on shore before a tsunami 42. The type of deformation that can hold po-
hits? tential energy is called
A. The water surges forward A. Fantastic
B. The waves become stronger B. Elastic

C. Plastic
C. Dead sealife washes up
D. Realistic
D. The water retreats
43. The Himalayas in Asia are an example of
37. What type of boundary exists at the Ring
what type of plate boundary?
of Fire?
A. divergent
A. Convergent
B. continent-to-continent convergent
B. Divergent
C. ocean-to-continent convergent
C. Transform
D. transform
D. none of above
44. What are tectonic plates?
38. Which type of fault results from pushing?
A. Pieces of earth’s crust
A. Normal
B. The rocky core of the earth
B. Reverse
C. The new biome in 1.14
C. Strike Slip
D. The base of the volcano
D. Transform
45. What happens to temperature as you
39. Which wave can only go through solids? move down through the layers?
A. P A. it remains the same
B. S B. it increases then decreases
C. Surface C. it increases
D. Normal D. it decreases

1.10 seismology 72
46. Seismology C. As you move down through the layers,

A. Branch of science that studies earth- pressure decreases.
quakes D. As you move up down through the lay-
B. Earthquakes ers, pressure remains the same.
C. The sudden return to elastically de- 52. At which plate boundary do only earth-
formed rock to its original shape. quakes occur (no other landforms cre-
D. Focus ated)?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Convergent
47. What type of wave are primary waves?
B. Divergent
A. Tensional
C. Transform
B. Compressional
D. none of above
C. Transversal
D. Shear 53. The theory that says Earth’s continents
once made up an ancient supercontinent,
48. Which layer has the hottest tempera- and have been drifting apart ever since, is
tures? called the theory of
A. inner core A. Pangea
B. outer core B. Plate Tectonics
C. mantle C. Natural Selection
D. crust D. Gravity
49. currents in the Earth’s asthenosphere 54. Second waves to arrive that cause earth-
cause plate to shift at their boundaries. quakes
This movement also causes earthquakes
A. P waves
and volcanic activity.
B. S waves
A. conduction
C. Surface waves
B. convection
D. none of above
C. radiation
D. ocean 55. Rayleigh waves cause the ground to move
A. in a horizontal direction
50. Which layer is the least dense?
B. in a back-and-forth directions
A. inner core
B. outer core C. in a jerky, up-and-down motion
C. mantle D. in an elliptical, rolling motion
D. crust 56. Which type of seismic waves cause the

most damage?
51. Which statement is correct?
A. P waves
A. As you move up through the layers, the
pressure increases. B. S waves
B. As you move down through the layers C. surface waves

pressure increases. D. tsunami waves

1.10 seismology 73
57. Which boundary is known for Moderate 63. Which wave has the highest amplitude on
and Shallow Earthquakes. a seismograph?

A. Divergent A. P Wave
B. Transform B. S Wave
C. Convergent C. Surface Wave
D. Convergent with no subduction zone D. none of above
58. Which type of wave is the fastest? 64. Which layer is the THICKEST layer?
A. Primary Waves A. Core
B. Secondary Waves B. Mantle
C. Love Waves C. Crust
D. Rayleigh Waves D. none of above
59. Which of the following is where one plate 65. Which layer is made of the most solid
slides under another plate? rock?
A. submarine zone A. inner core
B. divergence zone B. outer core

C. mantle
C. subduction zone
D. crust
D. lower zone
66. Which statement is true about oceanic
60. Wegener couldn’t explain why continents
crust?
move but later it was discovered that the
mechanism was A. It is made of melted rock.
A. convection currents B. It is the thinner than continental crust.
B. Conduction currents
C. It is thicker than continental crust.
C. radiation currents
D. It is made of liquid metal.
D. none of above
67. What are the two types of crust
61. Which wave is a push and pull wave?
A. continental and oceanic
A. P
B. ocean and upper
B. S
C. lower and upper
C. Surface
D. pizza and subway
D. Seismic
68. What occurs between two oceanic plates
62. Which type of wave rolls? at a divergent boundary?
A. Primary waves A. rift valley
B. Secondary waves B. sea floor spreading
C. Love waves C. volcanic mountain range
D. Rayleigh waves D. none of above

1.10 seismology 74
69. What type of force causes Shear faults 75. What type of force causes Tensional
A. Normal faults?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
B. Reverse
C. Transform
C. Transform
D. Sheep
D. Tension
70. Seismology is the study of
76. What is the vocabulary word for the line
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Faults where two tectonic plates move past each
B. Deformation other?
C. the Ring of Fire A. Plate Line
D. Earthquakes B. Fault Line

C. Puzzle Line
71. What percent of the Earth’s volcanoes re-
D. none of above
side in the Ring of Fire?
A. 75% 77. A divergent boundary occurs when plates
B. 100%
A. Pull apart
C. 90%
B. Come together
D. 0%
C. Slide past each other
72. The movement of Earth’s crust along plate D. subducting
boundaries produces
78. Along these faults, the block of rock above
A. earthquakes the fault plane moves up relative to the
B. volcanoes other block
C. mountains A. Reverse fault
D. All of these options. B. Normal fault
C. Upside down fault
73. Out of all the layers, which one would be
the easiest for us to drill through? D. Strike-slip fault
A. inner core 79. Which seismic waves are the most destruc-
tive?
B. outer core
A. P
C. mantle
B. S
D. crust
C. Suface
74. Energy is stored in deformed rock as D. Both P and S
A. Kinetic energy
80. What states of matter can primary waves
B. Potential energy travel through?
C. Rock energy A. Only solids
D. Tectonic energy B. Only liquids

1.10 seismology 75
C. Solids and Liquids B. Reverse fault

D. Plasma C. Backwards fault

81. P waves D. Strike-slip fault
A. travel through solids, liquids and 87. how did Pangaea break apart
gases
A. dynamite
B. are push-pull waves that push and pull
in the direction that the waves travel B. cave men
C. All of the above C. Minecraft

D. have the greatest velocity of all earth- D. continental drift theory
quake waves.
88. An earthquake scored high on the Richter
82. Mid-ocean ridges form at which type of scale but low on the Mercalli scale. Why?
plate boundary? A. it probably happened in an area with
A. Convergent no people
B. Divergent B. it was a fast earthquake
C. Transform C. because it damaged a lot
D. Compression D. impossible to tell
83. Plastic Deformation can occur 89. What type of boundary may result in deep
A. as a rubber band is snapped. ocean trenches, volcanic islands, and vol-
canic mountains?
B. when playdoh is squeezed.
A. Divergent
C. when basketball is bounced.
D. when a tree branch is bent and let go. B. Convergent
C. Transform
84. What is the outer core made of?
D. Both Convergent and Divergent
A. solid rock
B. solid metal 90. Waves of energy that travel through the
Earth are called
C. melted rock
A. Elastic Waves
D. melted metal
B. Seismic Waves
85. Most tsunamis occur here.
C. Deforming waves
A. Atlantic Ocean
D. Fault waves
B. Indian Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean 91. An instrument that detects and measures
earthquakes is a
D. Pacific Ocean
A. seismogram
86. In these faults, the block of rock above
B. focus seismic map
the fault plane slides down relative to the
other block C. focus
A. Normal fault D. seismograph

1.10 seismology 76
92. What is the outermost layer of earth? D. Two continental plates pull apart
A. inner core 98. Which layer is made of solid iron & nickel?
B. outer core A. inner core
C. mantle B. outer core
D. crust
C. mantle
93. The tracing of an earthquakes motion from D. crust
a seismograph is called
NARAYAN CHANGDER
99. Which is not true about the Mercalli
A. Seismogram
Scale?
B. Telegram
A. It is based on energy released during
C. Candygram an earthquake.
D. Singogram B. It was invented by Giuseppe Mercalli.
94. P-wave C. It is a Roman Numeral scale I-XII
A. The center of a earthquake. D. It uses human observation of the ef-
B. Also know as shear or secondary wave. fects from an earthquake.
100. You use a travel-time graph (difference

C. Always the first to arrive; seismic in P and S Wave arrival times) to find:
wave that causes particles of rock to move A. Distance to epicenter
in back-and-forth direction
B. Distance to fault
D. Hilbert
C. Distance to core
95. Where do seismologists place seismo- D. none of above
graphs?
A. On the focus 101. What type of boundary occurs when two
plates collide?
B. On the fault
A. Convergent
C. In the mantle
B. Divergent
D. In the seismograph station
C. Transform
96. Oceanic Trenches are formed by plate
D. none of above
boundaries
A. Convergent 102. Which type of wave moves side to side?
B. Transform A. Primary waves
C. Plate B. Secondary waves
D. Divergent C. Love waves
97. Mountains are created when D. Rayleigh waves
A. Two continental plates collide 103. Which layer has the coolest tempera-
B. Two oceanic plates pull apart tures?
C. An Oceanic plate subducts under a A. outer core

Continental Plate B. inner core

1.11 structural geology 77
C. mantle B. Convergent
D. crust C. Divergent

104. what is pangaea D. none of above
A. ocean 107. Which piece of evidence did Wegener use

to prove continental drift?
B. supercontinent
A. The shape of the continents
C. america
B. Similar fossils found on separate con-
D. hotdog
tinents
105. what does pangaea’s name mean C. Tree fossils found in odd places
A. all the world D. All of the above
B. supercontinent
108. What is subduction?
C. alfred wegener
A. When the ocean creates tsunamis
D. feast B. Tectonic plates rising
106. A fault is formed by the movement of a C. The formation of rocks in the ocean
plate boundary D. When one tectonic plate sinks below
A. Transform another due to gravity in the mantle
1.11 structural geology

1. What is the component of a fold that con- D. none of above
nects an anticline to its adjacent syncline?
4. This type of force causes reduction on the
A. Fold axis length, area, and volume of a body under
B. Hinge line it.
C. Axial plane A. Squeezing
D. Fold limb B. Compression
2. Mountains formed primarily by folding are C. Confining Pressure

called mountains. D. Strain
A. orogenisis 5. What happens if rocks in a region is under-
B. Compressional forces going elastic deformation but the stresses
C. Folded mountains are suddenly released from the rocks?
D. Really big mountains A. The rocks will bend.

B. Earthquake will happen.
3. The force that creates Strike-Slip faults is
known as C. Nothing will happen.
A. Shearing D. The rocks will break.
B. Compression 6. Compression causes the formation of

C. Tension A. only anticlines

B. only synclines 12. Where do strike slip faults occur mostly?

C. both anticlines and synclines A. Convergent boundaries
D. none of above
B. Transform boundaries
7. refers to the force applied to a rock C. Divergent boundaries
body.
D. none of above
A. Stress
B. Strain
NARAYAN CHANGDER
13. A mathematician who discovered love
C. Temperature waves.
D. Foliation A. A.E.H. Love
8. What happens in strike slip faults? B. A.H.E. Love
A. Fault blocks move past each other hor- C. H.E.A. Love
izontally.
B. Fault blocks move past each other ver- D. E.H.A. Love
tically.
14. What does the movement of tectonics
C. The faults do not move at all. plates cause on rocks?
D. The faults do move but not enough to
A. Places stress on rocks.
cause anything.
B. The rocks disappear.
9. a fault in which the rocks on either side of
the fault move sideways past each other C. The rocks start to erode.
is a
D. All of the above.
A. slip-strike fault
B. normal fault 15. Gradual increase in elevation is repre-
C. hanging fault sented by which of the following?
D. reverse fault A. V-shaped contours
10. a fault where the hanging wall moves up- B. Closley spaced contours
ward compared to the footwall at an angle C. Widely spaced contours
less than 45 degrees
D. none of these
A. normal fault
B. reverse fault 16. Grain size affects the the strength of
C. thrust fault rocks. Temperature constantly increases
D. strike-slip fault from surface to the core.
11. The force that pulls on the crust and thins A. Both statements are true.
rock in the middle is B. Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is
A. shearing false.
B. compression C. Statement 2 is true. Statement 1 is
C. tension false.
D. uplifting D. Both statement are false.

17. What is deformation? 22. When two plates move away from each
other faults are created.
A. Process when the rocks break apart or

erode. A. normal
B. Process of when rocks melt away. B. reverse
C. Process when rocks change shape un- C. strike slip
der pressure. D. none of above
D. Process when 23. What are the two types of folding?
18. What occurs during folding? A. Horizontal and Vertical
A. When the rocks change color. B. Synclines and Anticlines

C. Up and down
B. When the rocks form and create a land-
slide. D. Bottom and Top
C. When the rock layers combine to cre- 24. compression causes the formation of
ate a mountain. A. only anticlines
D. When rock layer bend under stress. B. only synclines
19. What is the requirement of this fold to be C. both anticlines and synclines
a syncline? D. neither anticlines nor synclines
A. The rock layers at the bottom are older. 25. When upwarping produces a circular or
elongated structure, the feature is called
B. The rock layers at the bottom are a
younger. A. basin
C. The rock layers at the top is older. B. plateau
D. The rock layers at the top is younger.a C. dome
D. sugar cone
20. Grout comes as one component product,
only requires water and mixing, and it is 26. Which type of STRESS occurs in each type
ready to use. of fault? Reverse Fault
A. True A. compression
B. False B. sheer
C. Somehow True C. tensional
D. Can’t be answered D. none of above

27. Which component of a fold represents the
21. In which type of fault does the hanging imaginary surface that divides a fold sym-
wall slide up and over the footwall? metrically?
A. strike-slip A. Hinge line
B. normal B. Fold limbs
C. reverse C. Axial plane
D. none of above D. Fold axis

1.12 tectonics 80
28. the stress that squeezes rock until it folds B. The faults move side to side because
or breaks is of pressure.
A. shearing C. The faults move in a normal way
B. compression (down) due to gravity.
C. tension D. The faults do not move because they
are normal faults.
D. uplifting
29. Which type of STRESS occurs in a Thrust 33. It is one of the most durable and efficient
NARAYAN CHANGDER
fault? type of grouting. However, it absorbs
stains and dirt easily.
A. compression
A. Cement Grouting
B. tensional
B. Resin Grouting
C. sheer
D. none of above C. Chemical Grouting
D. Bituminous Grouting
30. A fault in which the rocks on either side of
the fault move sideways past each other 34. What happens in reverse faults?
is a
A. The hanging blocks move upward rela-
A. reverse fault tive to the footwall.
B. strike-slip fault B. The blocks in the fault both move down-
C. normal fault ward.
D. none of above C. The fault causes a reaction that rises
up and creates a mountain.
31. Euler is a Swiss scientist:Thomas Young is
a American scientist. D. Nothing happens with the blocks ex-
cept that they move sideways a little.
A. Both True
B. True:False 35. A force that acts on rock to change its
C. False:True shape or volume?
D. Both False A. stress
B. focus
32. What happens in a normal fault?
A. The faults move apart and completely C. friction
separate. D. fracture
1.12 tectonics
1. Whenever a subduction zone is formed a D. Volcano
is formed.
2. The Hawaiian islands have formed as the
A. Mountain Pacific plate moves over
B. Island Arc A. a subduction zone
C. Rift B. an ocean ridge

1.12 tectonics 81
C. the Aleutian plate C. near the coastlines

D. a hot spot D. closest to a deep sea trench

3. A 5.0 magnitude earthquake is time 8. This type of plate boundary is when two
stronger than a 3.0 magnitude. plates move apart.
A. 2 A. convergent
B. 20 B. divergent
C. 10 C. transform
D. 100 D. subductive
4. What did Wegener observe about the con- 9. The San Andreas Fault in Southern Califor-
tinents that lead to his theory of continen- nia is an example of
tal drift?
A. Convergent Boundary
A. They were very large
B. Divergent Boundary
B. They were part of the earth’s crust
C. Transform Boundary
C. They were made up of tectonic plates
D. Subductive Boundary
D. They appeared to fit together like puz-
zle pieces 10. Convection currents from the drive
plate movement.
5. The epicenter of an earthquake is 549 km
A. inner core
from San Diego, CA. If an earthquake be-
gan at the epicenter at 7:15pm on Sat- B. outer core
urday, approximately what time did the C. mantle
p wave reach San Diego? (Remember, p
waves travel at 6.1 km/sec.) D. crust
A. 7:15 pm 11. The type of fossil formed by hardened tar

B. 7:16 pm becoming rock is called
C. 7:15 am A. Asphault
D. 7:16 am B. Amber
C. Black Ice
6. Boundary that is the start for sea-floor
spreading D. Sedimentary
A. convergent 12. How do most mountains form?

B. divergent A. Continents collide and fold up on each
C. transform other
D. none of above B. Earth is shrinking and the crust wrin-

kles up
7. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are C. Ocean plates diverge and fold up on
most likely found each other
A. closest to a mid-ocean ridge D. Gravity from the moon pulls sections
B. farthest from a mid-ocean ridge of the Earth up

1.12 tectonics 82
13. Transform boundaries are most likely to C. goes under another plate
produce what phenomenon? D. none of above
A. volcanoes
19. If the focus of an earthquake occurs be-
B. deep sea trenches neath the sea floor, as the seismic waves
C. underwater mountain ranges travel through the ocean, they create a
D. earthquakes massive and destructive
A. epicenter
NARAYAN CHANGDER
14. Mountains form at a boundary.
B. tsunami
A. transform
C. focus
B. divergent
D. mountain
C. convergent
D. subduction 20. What is the name of the original Super-
Continent that all others spawned from?
15. What causes geologic land forms and A. Pangaea
events like mountains, volcanoes, and
earthquakes? B. Panjeer
A. Hot Spots C. Uberamurika
B. Tectonic Plate Movement D. Cretaceous
C. Earthquakes 21. The place where tectonic plates meet are
D. Volcanic Eruptions called
A. mid-ocean trenches
16. What type of rock makes most of the
oceanic crust B. volcanoes
A. Sedimentary C. earthquakes
B. Basalt D. boundaries
C. Metamorphic 22. What is the theory that all continents
D. Limestone were once joined together in one single
large landmass?
17. This theory states that Earth’s surface is
A. Plate Tectonics
made of plates that move in respect to
each other B. Pangaea
A. convection currents C. Continental Drift
B. continental drift D. Subduction
C. seafloor spreading 23. What is the name of the area where one
D. plate tectonics plate dives under another?
18. A transform boundary is when one plate A. subduction area

B. subduction zone
A. moves apart from another plate C. transverse area
B. slides past another plate D. school zone

1.12 tectonics 83
24. Which of the following statements is C. Focus

true? D. Reverse fault

A. the earth’s crust moves around but is
never destroyed 30. What evidence was NOT used by Wegener
as proof of continental drift?
B. old crust is destroyed into the mantle
and new crust is formed over time A. land features
C. old crust is broken down into sand B. erosion
D. all of the above C. climate
D. fossils
25. Breaks in the crust called form where
plates meet. 31. What was missing from Alfred Wegener’s
A. mountains Continental Drift Theory that many criti-
cized it for?
B. rift valleys
A. He couldn’t explain why the continents
C. faults
moved
D. trenches
B. He didn’t do a very good job writing
26. What type of volcano has steep slopes about his ideas
made of alternating layers of ash and silica C. Land bridges connecting the conti-
rich lava? nents
A. Caldera D. He was a crazy little man
B. Cinder Cone
32. The layer of hot, solid material between
C. Composite Volcano Earth’s crust and core.
D. Shield Volcano A. Mantle
27. When tectonic plates slide past each other B. Crust
A. convergence C. Core
B. divergence D. Plate
C. transform 33. How long ago is Pangea believed to have
D. none of above existed?
A. 200-300 million years ago
28. A mid-ocean ridge occurs at a plate
boundary. B. 1000-2000 years ago
A. transform C. 10, 000-20, 000 years ago
B. convergent D. 20-30 billion years ago
C. divergent 34. What do we call the supercontinent that
D. none of above existed millions of years ago?
29. In an earthquake, the point underground A. Laurasia

where the rocks first begin to move B. Pangaea
A. Epicenter C. Eurasia
B. Normal fault D. Wakanda

1.12 tectonics 84
35. The tectonic plates float on the C. Lithosphere

A. lithosphere D. Transosphere
B. lower mantle
41. Where pieces of Earth’s crust diverge on
C. outer core
land, a deep valley called a(n) is
D. asthenosphere formed.
36. What type of plate boundary is formed A. Ocean current
when two of earths plates move towards
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Rift valley
each other?
C. Fault
A. Transform
B. Convergent D. Mountain
C. Divergent 42. Which point (underground) is where an

D. Subduction earthquake begins?
37. Molten material adds new crust to the A. epicenter

ocean floor, pushing continents apart, in B. point A
a process called
C. fault line
A. seafloor spreading
D. hypocenter (or focus)
B. continental crust
C. original horizontality 43. Where does convection occur?
D. continent spreading A. Asthenosphere
38. Over 75% of the world’s volcanoes and B. Lithosphere
many of the world’s major earthquakes
C. Mesosphere
happen along the
A. mid Atlantic Ridge D. Crust
B. Ring of Fire 44. Cinder cones, Calderas, Shield, and com-

C. Divergent Boundaries posite are all examples of:
D. Convergent Boundaries A. Types of fault
39. The release of energy by an causes B. Name of tectonic plates
Earth’s crust to shake. C. Volcanic Landforms
A. eruption
D. none of above
B. earthquake
C. tsunami 45. currents drive Earth’s plate move-
ment.
D. shadow wave
A. ocean
40. What is the name of the layer that con-
tains the uppermost mantle and crust B. atmosphere
A. Asthenosphere C. wind
B. Mesosphere D. convection

1.12 tectonics 85
46. authored the theory of sea-floor C. sea-floor spreading

spreading. D. mountain building

A. Harry Hess
52. Scientists determine what Earth’s interior
B. Alfred Wegener looks like by using:
C. Henry Hess A. Volcanoes
D. none of above B. Seismic Waves
47. Rocks being made smooth by tumbling C. Continental Drift
across a streambed D. Convection Currents
A. Weathering 53. Earth’s plates meet at
B. Erosion A. plate tectonics
C. Deposition B. plate boundaries
D. none of above C. continental drift
48. Which of the following provided evidence D. oceans
at first for the hypothesis of continental 54. Which layer of the Earth is the only liquid
drift and later for the theory of plate tec- layer?
tonics?
A. Outer Core
A. matching rock types
B. Inner Core
B. indicators of climate change
C. Mantle
C. matching fossil remains
D. Lithosphere
D. all of these
55. Scientist believe the Earth’s tectonic plates
49. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is formed at this are driven by
boundary. A. Ocean currents
A. Divergent B. Global Winds
B. Convergent C. Convection Currents
C. Normal D. Conduction Currents
D. Transform
56. Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest?
50. Which layer of the Earth is composed of A. mantle
iron and nickel? B. outer core
A. Crust C. inner core
B. Mantle D. crust
C. Core
57. What is the driving force behind plate tec-
D. Lithosphere tonics?
51. Which type of event often occurs along A. convection currents
transform fault boundaries? B. magnetic reversal
A. volcanoes C. volcanic eruption
B. earthquakes D. subduction zones

1.12 tectonics 86
58. are vibrations that travel through B. 100 km

Earth carrying the energy released during
C. 50 km
an earthquake.
D. none of above
A. Seismic Waves
B. Rumbles 64. What landform would I likely find if 2
C. Plate Tectonics plates collide?
D. Convection Currents A. Trench
NARAYAN CHANGDER
59. What does the author compare the earth’s B. Ridge
surface to? C. Rift or Valley
A. dinner plates D. none of above
B. a massive puzzle
65. Which rock is more dense:basalt or gran-
C. the ocean
ite?
D. an earthquake
A. Basalt-oceanic rock
60. Scientists have three main hypotheses to B. Granite-continental rock
explain plate movements. Which of the
following is one of their theories? C. Neither, they have the same density
A. Convection in the Mantle D. none of above
B. Conduction in the Mantle
66. The is a layer of solid rock that includes
C. Radiation in the Mantle both dry land and the ocean floor.
D. Radioactive Decay A. Crust
61. Which of the following is the most likely B. Mantle
cause of earthquakes?
C. Core
A. shifting rock layers
D. Lithosphere
B. crashing meteorites
C. rotation of the core 67. Composed of living things:
D. magnetic force A. Cryosphere
62. Which of the following is associated with B. Geoshpere

transform boundary? C. Biosphere
A. volcanoes D. Hydrosphere
B. mountains
68. Which layer of the earth is on the out-
C. trenches
side?
D. earthquakes and fault line
A. Crust
63. About how far above the rest of the sea
B. Mantle
floor does the mid-Atlantic ocean ridge
rest? C. Outer Core
A. 2.5 km D. Inner Core

1.12 tectonics 87
69. Which effects of plate movements below C. continental drift and fossil theory
has the most rapid changes? D. continental theory and Big Bang theory

A. Volcanoes
75. The best evidence that 2 land areas were
B. Earthquakes once connected is the discovery that both
C. Mountain Building land masses
D. Petrification A. currently have the same climate
B. are in the same ocean
70. Conservative boundaries are most likely
to produce what phenomenon? C. exist doing the same line of longitude
A. volcanoes D. have similar types of rocks and fossils
B. deep sea trenches 76. If you find bands of coal in the geologic
C. underwater mountain ranges record, what type of climate would you
expect to have found in that area at one
D. earthquakes
time?
71. What is a weak spot in the crust where A. Snowy, frozen tundra
molten material, or magma, comes to the
B. Areas with large mountains
surface?
C. Wet, swampy areas
A. volcano
D. Dry, arid deserts
B. lava
C. earthquakes 77. The hot, liquid layer of Earth, made of iron
and nickel.
D. none of above
A. Inner Core
72. a part of the Earth’s crust where two tec- B. Mantle
tonic plates slide past each other
C. Crust
A. tectonic plates
D. Outer Core
B. transform boundary
78. These are areas of the Earth where plumes
C. divergent boundary
of magma rise from the outer core and
D. convergent boundary seeps through the crust resulting to vol-
canic eruption. What do you call these ar-
73. A giant landmass that existed 200 million
eas?
years ago
A. crustal plates
A. Wegener
B. hot spots
B. Pangaea
C. plate boundaries
C. Archyopteryx
D. tectonic plates
D. Ammonite
79. Which layer of the Earth is the largest?
74. The theory of plate tectonics combine
which two other theories? A. crust
A. sea floor spreading and continental B. inner core
drift C. mantle
B. sea floor spreading and tidal theory D. outer core

1.12 tectonics 88
80. Unlike Florida, a transform boundary 85. There are long mountain belts that divide
passes through California. What happens the sea floor and generate new sea floor
at a transform boundary that can cause an as magma rises and erupts onto Earth’s
earthquake? surface. What are these mountain belts
A. Two plates collide. known as?
B. Two plates move in the same direction. A. magnetic poles

B. mid-ocean ridges
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Two plates move away from each
C. ocean trenches
other.
D. sediment layer
D. Two plates slide or glide past each
other.
86. Earthquakes produce
81. The portion of Earth underneath the crust A. Volcanic eruptions
containing the asthenosphere and the
mesosphere is the B. Seismic Waves
A. mantle C. Longitudinal Waves
B. core D. Visible Light
C. tsunami
87. The oldest oceanic crust would be found in
D. magma which location?
82. Wind blasting sand at rock and carving out A. At a deep-sea trench.
arches
B. At a mid-ocean ridge.
A. Weathering
C. Halfway between a ridge and a trench.
B. Erosion
C. Deposition
D. At the edge of a continent.
D. none of above
88. When magma reaches the surface, what is
83. Tectonic plates that are coming together or
it called?
colliding?
A. Convergent A. lava
B. Divergent B. explosive
C. Transform C. rocks
D. Sedergent D. none of above
84. a nearly flat plain of alluvial deposit be-
89. The part of the Earth that is a solid ball of
tween diverging branches of the mouth of
iron and nickel
a river
A. inner core
A. Lake
B. Delta B. outer core
C. River C. mantle
D. none of above D. crust

1.12 tectonics 89
90. What type of fault is the San Andreas B. a hole

Fault? C. mountains

A. Strike slip fault D. none of above
B. Normal fault
96. A tsunami is caused by
C. Reverse fault
A. inactive volcanoes building up pres-
D. Transform fault
sure
91. Which type of plate boundary would cause B. tectonic plates moving underwater
folded mountains to form?
C. the crust melting into the mantle
A. transform
D. tectonic plates sinking
B. convergent
97. Earth’s plates are in slow, constant mo-
C. divergent
tion, driven by convection currents in the
D. subduction mantle. This theory is called
92. What landforms can form along conver- A. Plate tectonics
gent boundaries? B. Mantle Group
A. volcanoes C. Sea floor spreading
B. mountains D. Convection
C. ocean basins
98. Study of plates, their movement, and
D. all Earth’s features that they affect
93. Which of these is a key piece of evidence A. Plate boundaries
of continental drift? B. Plate Tectonics
A. continent shapes C. Major mountains
B. rock layers D. none of above
C. fossil record
99. What technology was used during WWII
D. all of the above
to detect enemy submarines and produce
94. Which of these is most responsible for the the first map of the seafloor?
motion of the tectonic plates that make up A. Sonar
Earth’s crust?
B. Radar
A. Light from the moon.
C. GPS
B. Light from the sun.
D. none of above
C. Temperature differences in Earth’s
mantle. 100. With sea-floor spreading the place where
the oldest rock is found
D. Temperature differences in Earth’s in-
ner core. A. trench
95. what occurs at the center of a mid-ocean B. mid-ocean ridge

ridge C. abyssal plain
A. mud volcano, rift valley D. none of above

1.12 tectonics 90
101. What is the Contenintal crust? C. mantle

A. plates below the mantle D. none of the above
B. plates below the ocean
107. Three Types of Plate Boundaries
C. plates below the core
A. Transform (slide past)
D. plates below the continents
B. Convergent (collision)
102. Oceanic crust is C. Divergent (pull apart)
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Younger and less dense than continen- D. All the above
tal crust
B. Thinner, younger and more dense than 108. A normal fault forms from what kind of
continental crust forces?
C. Older, thicker and less dense that con- A. Compression

tinental crust B. Tension
D. Bigger and younger than continental C. Shear Stress
crust D. Deformation
103. Which best describes the shape of Earth’s
109. Where are oceans located?
inner core?
A. on top of oceanic plates
A. tetrahedral
B. on top of continental plates
B. cylindrical
C. in holes of continental crust
C. spherical
D. in areas where the crust does not exist
D. elliptical
104. One well-known transform boundary is 110. What forms at a divergent boundary be-
the San Andreas fault system in tween two oceanic plates?
A. California A. rift valley
B. North Dakota B. mountain
C. Hawaii C. mid-ocean ridge

D. China D. trench
105. Large pieces of Earth’s lithosphere that 111. At which type of boundary do plates
move around are called? move past each other horizontally?
A. sections A. divergent boundary
B. plates B. convergent boundary
C. land masses C. transform boundary
D. faults D. none of above
106. The is the layer of the Earth under the 112. What is the geologic process that formed
crust. the Himalayan Mountains?
A. core A. two continental plates converging
B. magma B. an earthquake in a subduction zone

1.12 tectonics 91
C. a tectonic plate moving over a hot spot 118. Which type of crust is the LEAST dense?
A. Oceanic

D. movement at a transform fault bound- B. Continental
ary
C. They always have the same density.
113. The lithosphere is the coolest layer of the D. none of above
Earth made up of the:
A. crust and upper mantle 119. What was the name given to all the conti-
nents when they were joined as one super
B. continental crust continent?
C. oceanic crust A. Supreme Continent
D. oceans B. Eurasia
114. In sea-floor spreading the newest rock is C. Plate tectonics
found D. Pangea
A. mid-ocean ridge
120. The process inside the mantle of cooler
B. trench magma sinking towards the core and hot-
C. abyssal plain ter magma rising towards the crust contin-
D. none of above ually in a circular pattern is called:
A. subduction
115. When tectonic plates move towards each
other they form this type of boundary. B. earthquakes
A. convergent C. seismic waves
B. divergent D. convection currents
C. transform 121. Plates slide past one another at

D. subduction zone boundaries.
A. divergent
116. The geological theory that states that
pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in con- B. convergent
stant, slow motion is the theory of C. transform
A. subduction D. submergent
B. plate tectonics 122. Why is the inner core solid?
C. evolution A. its unknown
D. seafloor spreading B. what it’s made of
117. which of the following are formed when C. the pressure
two continental plates collide with one an- D. it is colder than the outer core
other?
A. hot spots 123. California, Japan, Chile, Nepal, and In-
dia have all experienced earthquakes be-
B. rift valleys fore. What type of plate boundary must
C. mountain ranges be near?
D. mid-ocean ridges A. Reform

1.12 tectonics 92
B. Divergent 129. A long, narrow volcano that forms at

cracks and weak points in the earth’s
C. Convergent
crust.
D. Transform
A. Composite Volcano
124. Divergent Boundaries can also be called B. Shield Volcano
A. Constructive C. Fissure Volcano
B. Destructive D. Cinder-Cone Volcano
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Fault Lines
130. Which plate tectonic boundary is asso-
D. Shearing ciated with the most disastrous earth-
quakes?
125. Which reason below best describes why
A. hot spots
the inner core is a solid?
B. convergent boundaries
A. Gravitational pull
C. divergent boundaries
B. Iron and Nickel becomes a solid when
heated D. minor faults
C. Its under great pressure
131. Which statement is NOT true about a min-
D. Its just the way it was made eral?
A. It is naturally occurring
126. What is the crust that makes up the ocean
floor called? B. It is has no definite shape
A. oceanic crust C. It is inorganic
B. crust D. it has a crystalline structure
C. continental crust
132. A is a deep valley along the ocean
D. none of above floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly
sinks toward the mantle.
127. What is the core made of?
A. deep-ocean trench
A. steel
B. rift valley
B. iron
C. sea-floor spreading
C. aluminum
D. mid-ocean ridge
D. iron and nickel
133. When does slab pull occur?
128. Crust is destroyed at which type of plate
A. when a sub-ducting plate sinks into the
boundary?
hot mantle beneath it
A. divergent boundaries
B. when tectonic plates move sideways
B. continental island arcs
C. when oceanic plates slide down the
C. convergent boundaries slope
D. transform fault boundaries D. none of above

1.12 tectonics 93
134. About how fast do plates move a year? 139. Which of the following is most responsi-
ble for seafloor spreading?
A. A few feet
A. the rotation of the Earth on its axis

B. a few cm
B. a divergent plate boundary
C. a few yards
C. a transform plate boundary
D. a few mm D. the process of subduction
135. Wegener compiled more evidence to sup- 140. Which type of the Earth’s crust is
port his theory but did not use this one: thicker?
A. Rock strata A. ocean
B. glacier landforms B. continental
C. bread
C. lava samples
D. pizza
D. mountain ranges
141. Where is the ring of fire located?
136. Today, what do most scientists think A. Atlantic Ocean
causes plate motions?
B. Antarctica
A. slab pull C. Indian Ocean
B. ridge push D. Pacific Ocean
C. intense pressure from the core 142. Circular movements through the mantle
D. convection currents A. convection current
B. lithosphere
137. Circular currents in the mantle caused by
the magma being heated by the core off C. asthenosphere
the Earth. D. none of above
A. convection currents 143. Which layer of the mantle is the least
B. lava ridged (bendy like melting plastic, clay, or
play-dough)?
C. magma
A. Asthenosphere
D. hot air
B. Mesosphere
138. What are the mechanisms that have been C. Lithosphere
proposed to explain the movement of D. Inner core
Earth’s tectonic plates?
144. The pressure of convection bends rocks
A. slab pull and sea-floor spreading until they break completely.
B. mantle convection and continental A. They always include oxygen and silicon.
drift
C. mantle convection, ridge push, and B. They are naturally occurring materials
slab pull
D. sea-floor spreading and continental C. They each have unique properties.
drift D. They have a crystalline structure.

1.12 tectonics 94
145. The movement of metals within the B. crust

earth’s outer core cause a that is de- C. asthenosphere
tectable on the earth’s surface using a com-
pass D. mantle
A. Gravitational Pull 151. Which surface feature will most likely
B. Volcanic Eruption form when two continental plates collide?
C. Magnetic field A. earthquakes
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Convection Current B. rift valley
C. mountains
146. a hypothesis that new sea floor is cre-
ated at mid-ocean ridges and that in the D. none of above
process the continents are pushed apart
152. Which of the following features is likely
from each other.
to form where two tectonic plates push to-
A. PLATE TECTONIC ward each other?
B. FAULTS A. ocean shoreline
C. SEA-FLOOR SPREADING B. mountain range
D. SEISMOMETER C. mid-ocean ridge
147. Volcanoes are most often formed at this D. rift valley
boundary.
153. Which physical layer of Earth does a tec-
A. Divergent tonic plate ride on top of?
B. Convergent A. asthenosphere
C. Normal B. outer core
D. Transform
C. lithosphere
148. Molten rock beneath the earth’s surface D. inner core
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
154. is the force exerted on a surface di-
B. Magma vided by the total area over which the
C. Hot Things force is exerted
D. Inner Core A. Pressure
B. Temperature
149. Where two tectonic plates move apart.
C. Viscosity
A. convergent boundary
D. Volume
B. divergent boundary
C. transform boundary 155. Similar fossils located on different conti-
nents
D. plate boundary
A. Continental Drift
150. The part of the earth that includes the
crust and the upper mantle and is split into B. Sea-floor spreading
tectonic plates is the C. Pangaea
A. lithosphere D. none of above

1.12 tectonics 95
156. Today, what are the Earth’s landmasses D. It is the same age as the rest of the
called? seafloor.

A. Pangea
161. A combination of Earth’s rotation and the
B. Oceans outer core rotating around the inner core,
C. Continents a force field is created. This called the
effect.
D. none of above
A. dynamo
157. A collision between two pieces of conti-
nental crust at a converging boundary pro- B. pangaea
duces a C. continental drift
A. mid ocean ridge D. winter solstice
B. deep ocean trench
C. rift valley 162. Shaking of the ground caused by sudden
movement of large blocks of rocks along a
D. mountain range fault
158. An area where material from deep within A. Earthquake
Earth’s mantle rises to the crust and melts
B. Volcano
to form magma is called
A. a hot spot. C. Tsunami
B. a divergent boundary. D. Surface waves

C. a rift valley.
163. What do you call the deepest part of the
D. a deep ocean trench. ocean? These are also called sub marine
valleys formed from the collision of conti-
159. The layers of the Earth are the: nental and oceanic plates?
A. hydrosphere, atmosphere, tropo-
A. ocean trenches
sphere, outer core and inner core
B. stratosphere, ionosphere, tropo- B. volcanic island
sphere, outer core and inner core C. volcanic arc
C. crust, mantle, outer core and inner D. mountain ranges
core
D. tectonic plates, faults, lithosphere and 164. Read this sentence from the text”As you
core can guess, the oceanic crust is composed
of the pieces that cover the ocean floor,
160. What can be said about the age of the and the continental crust forms our conti-
seafloor at mid-ocean ridges? nents.” As used in the text, what does
A. It is unable to be dated due to its lack the word “composed” mean?
of minerals. A. studied
B. It is younger than the surrounding ma- B. divided
terial.
C. made up
C. It is much older than all of the other
seafloor. D. shifted

1.12 tectonics 96
165. Which of the following is the name of the C. Subduction

ancient supercontinent formed 28 Million D. Caves
Years ago.
A. Pangea 171. What are the fastest earthquake
waves?
B. Gondwanda
A. P waves
C. Laurasia
B. T waves
D. Neverland
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. S waves
166. Which geologic feature forms when tec- D. Q waves
tonic plates collide?
172. A divergent boundary is where
A. sinkholes
A. two plates move apart
B. mountains
B. two plates move together
C. valleys
C. plates slide past each other
D. buttes
D. plates remain non-moving
167. This is where new material is added on
to plates. 173. What force is responsible for the move-
ment of the tectonic plates?
A. Converge
A. wind
B. Diverge
B. convection currents
C. Transform
C. aliens
D. none of above
D. plate tectonics
168. This provides a mechanism to explain
how continents move. 174. Forms where plates are moving away
from each other
A. plate tectonics
A. Divergent-
B. seafloor spreading
B. Convergent-
C. continental drift
C. Transform-
D. divergent boundaries
D. none of above
169. What do scientists believe is the force be-
175. The order of the earth’s compositional
hind plate movement?
layers from most dense to least dense
A. gravity are:
B. inertia A. Inner Core, Crust, Mantle and Outer
C. convection currents Core
D. magnetic pole reversals B. Crust, Mantle, Outer Core and Inner
Core
170. The ocean floor plunges into deep under- C. Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle and
water canyons called: Crust
A. Wegener D. Crust, Outer Core, Inner Core and
B. Trenches Mantle.

1.12 tectonics 97
176. Which layer of Earth does a tectonic plate 182. Scientists estimate that there are about
ride on top of? 12 major tectonic plates. What do all of
these tectonic plates have in common?

A. asthenosphere
B. atmosphere A. They all are the same size.
C. lithosphere B. They all have the same shape.
D. stratosphere C. They all are found under continents.
177. What would you likely find at a conver- D. They all consist of large pieces of the
gent boundary between two pieces of con- lithosphere.
tinental crust?
A. volcano 183. What causes tectonic plates to move
along the Earth’s surface?
B. mountains
A. wind
C. rift
D. ridge B. ocean currents
178. A tsunami is caused by C. convection in the mantle
A. tectonic plates moving underwater D. expansion of the Earth

B. inactive volcanoes building up pres-
184. Supporting Evidence:fossils, continent
sure
shape, landforms
C. tectonic plates sinking
D. the crust melting into the mantle
B. Seafloor Spreading
179. The rigid outer part of the earth, consist-
ing of the crust and upper mantle. C. Plate Tectonics
A. Lithosphere D. none of above

B. Asthenosphere
185. Who proposed their hypothesis of the
C. Convection Current continental drift in 1912?
D. Subduction Zone A. Albert Einstein
180. Which best describes Earth’s crust? B. Alfred Wegener
A. Thick layer of hot melted rock
C. Dmitri Mendeleev
B. Thick layer of solid hot metal
D. Neil Armstrong
C. Thin layer of cool rock
D. Thin layer of liquid metals 186. What force lays down sediment in new
locations?
181. Which type of crust is the MOST dense?
A. Erosion
A. Oceanic
B. Continental B. Weathering
C. They always have the same density. C. Deposition

D. none of above D. Abrasion

1.12 tectonics 98
187. Based on the current position of the conti- 193. The name for the actual lithospheric
nents, in what general direction did South plates
America drift away from Pangaea?
A. Tectonic Plates
A. North
B. Plate Tectonics
B. South
C. Pangaea
C. East
D. Continental Drift
D. West
NARAYAN CHANGDER
194. The North American plate and the Pacific
188. When new crust is formed which of the
plate are sliding past each other in oppo-
following occurs?
site directions (at the San Andreas fault),
A. earthquakes this is called a boundary.
B. volcanoes A. convergent
C. seafloor spreading B. divergent
D. ocean trench C. transform
189. The area around the pacific plate where D. rift valley
boundaries form is called
195. Why don’t we feel the plates moving?
A. death ring
B. fire zone A. The movement is very fast (1000 miles
per hour)
C. ring of fire
B. The movement is very fast (1000 miles
D. zone of fire per hour)
190. The outermost physical layer: C. The movement is very slow (2-10 cen-
A. Asthenosphere timeters per year)
B. Lithosphere D. none of above
C. Mesosphere 196. Which of the following geological fea-
D. Atmosphere tures/events is not formed at a conver-
gent, ocean-continent boundary?
191. When two plates come together is known
as a boundary. A. Earthquake
A. rift valley B. Volcanic Mountain Range

B. divergent C. Deep Ocean Trench
C. transform D. Fold Mountains
D. convergent 197. Where do Earth’s plates slide past each
192. Plates slide apart along boundaries. other?
A. convergent A. Convergent boundaries
B. divergent B. Divergent Boundaries
C. transform C. Transform Boundaries
D. universal D. none of above

1.12 tectonics 99
198. What type of landform is created when 204. True/False:Geologists are able to study
oceanic and continental plates collide? the interior of Earth by drilling deep holes
into the mantle and core.

A. volcano
B. trench A. True
C. mid-ocean ridge B. False
D. mountain C. Unsure
D. none of above
199. Which is a land feature created by trans-
form boundaries 205. are formed by the rising and sinking
of fluids.
A. Fault Lines
A. Convection currents
B. Rift-Valleys
B. Conduction currents
C. Mid-Ocean ridges
C. Radiation currents
D. Islands
D. Electromagnetic waves
200. Plates moving apart would be
206. Depressions on a topographic map are
A. convergent shown by what?
B. divergent A. dots on a line
C. transform B. hachure marks
D. none of above C. bold lines
201. During primary succession, which of the D. none of above
following organisms often serve as pio-
207. Which type of volcano is created from the
neer species?
lava flows cooling and hardening on top of
A. lichens previous layers of lava?
B. grasses A. Stratovolcano
C. small herbs B. Cinder-cone volcano
D. trees C. Shield volcano
202. What are solid rock fragments that are D. None of the above
ejected during a volcanic eruption? 208. The least dense layer
A. Lahar A. crust
B. Magma B. inner core
C. Pyroclastic Material C. mantle
D. Silica D. outer core
203. where two plates are moving apart, 209. As rock heats up and expands, it becomes
magma comes up to create new crust less and rises toward Earth’s surface.
A. ridge A. dense
B. divergent boundary B. colorful
C. convergent boundary C. brittle
D. plate boundary D. magnetic

1.12 tectonics 100
210. Rising magma that results from subduc- A. It is solid.

tion may produce B. It is liquid.
A. fossil layers C. It contains iron.
B. volcanic island arcs
D. It contains nickel.
C. deep-sea sediment
216. The idea that continents slowly shift their
D. seafloor spreading
positions due to movement of the tectonic
211. Which feature will you most likely find plates on which they ride
NARAYAN CHANGDER
along the plate boundaries A. Sea Floor Spreading Theory
A. Delta B. Continental Drift Theory
B. Valley C. Plate Tectonic Theory
C. Volcanoes D. Plates of Plates Theory
D. Glaciers
217. This layer of Earth is the thickest part
212. What is the process that recycles old A. crust
crust (by pulling it back into the mantle)
called? B. outer core
A. Induction C. mantle
B. Subduction D. inner core
C. Conduction 218. The process by which metamorphic rocks
D. none of above are formed
A. heat and pressure
213. Which of the following land forma-
tion occurs at a divergent continen- B. compaction and cementation
tal/continental boundary? C. melting and cooling
A. mid-ocean ridge D. none of above
B. deep ocean trench
219. What causes tectonic plates to move?
C. Pacific hot spot
A. ocean currents
D. rift valley
B. convection currents in the mantle
214. Which of the following is the softer mov-
C. volcanoes
ing area of the mantle that contains con-
vection current? D. the Coriolis Effect
A. asthenosphere 220. You an feel the sun’s rays on your face as
B. lithosphere you lay by the beach on a warm summer
day. Which type of heat transfer is this an
C. outer core
example of?
D. oceanic crust
A. Conduction
215. Earth’s core is made up of an inner core B. Convection
and an outer core. Which of these state-
ments is true of the inner core but not the C. Radiation
outer core? D. Radioactive

1.12 tectonics 101
221. The difference between magma and lava A. ridge push

is B. divergent boundary

A. where it is found (above or below the
C. transform boundary
surface)
D. convergent boundary
B. how hot the molten rock is (lava is hot-
ter than magma) 227. What evidence can be used to explain
C. the type of boundary where it forms Seafloor Spreading?
D. the viscosity of the molten rock (lava A. Fossils
has a lower viscosity) B. Rock Formations
222. Volcanoes are usually found C. Glacial Deposits
A. in the middle of the ocean D. All the answers
B. along plate boundaries
228. Which two processess do scientists think
C. at the edge of continents move the Earth’s lithospheric plates?
D. in the southern hemisphere A. gravity and friction
223. Which layer of Earth is made up of tec- B. gravity and pressure
tonic plates?
C. pressure and convection
A. outer core
D. convection and gravity
B. inner core
C. asthenosphere 229. When two tectonic plates interact, what
can be caused?
D. lithosphere
A. Beach erosion and Tornadoes
224. The boundary between two plates that
B. Tsunamis and storms
collide with one another.
C. Earthquakes and volcanoes
A. Divergent Plate Boundary
B. Convergent Plate Boundary D. Tornadoes and Hurricanes
C. Transform Plate Boundary 230. Which event is most likely to occur when
D. Subversive Plate Boundary tectonic plates slide past one another?
A. sinkhole
225. A mountain that forms as molten rock
flows through a crack onto Earth’s sur- B. volcano
face. C. mudslide
A. volcano D. earthquake
B. lava
231. What does heat do when convection cur-
C. landslide
rents are moving?
D. none of above
A. Sinks
226. The Rocky Mountains formed when the B. Rises
Pacific Plate collided with the North Amer-
ican Plate. Which of the following terms C. Stays in place
describe this process? D. none of above

1.12 tectonics 102
232. The San Andreas Fault in California is B. Lithosphere

known as an active earthquake area.
C. Subduction Zone
What type ofboundary is it?
D. Transform Boundary
A. Converging
B. Diverging 238. This is the plastic layer of the mantle on
C. Transform which pieces of the lithosphere move.
D. Sea Floor Spreading A. Lithosphere
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Asthenosphere
233. What do mantle plumes show us about
tectonic plates? C. Mesosphere
A. Elevation change of the plate D. Crust
B. Composition of the plate
239. What type of boundary occurs when two
C. Temperature of the plate tectonic plates collide?
D. Direction the plate is traveling A. divergent
234. This theory explains the moving of con- B. convergent
tinents, but could not answer what made
C. transform
the land masses move.
D. none of above
A. seafloor spreading
B. evolution 240. Which two continents did Wegener notice
C. continental drift fit together like pieces of a puzzle?
D. plate tectonics A. Africa and North America

B. South America and Africa
235. The island of Iceland was formed when 2
plates and magma rose up C. South America and Europe
A. Subducted D. Asia and South America
B. Converged
241. The lines on a topographic map that show
C. Transformed elevation are called?
D. Diverged A. contour intervals
236. This is where plate material may be de- B. relief
stroyed (or recycled) and returned to the
C. contour lines
mantle.
D. hachure marks
A. Converge
B. Diverge 242. Other evidence include that plate tec-
C. Transform tonics does occurr in the crust of the Earth.
D. none of above A. Rock formation, weather, fossils

B. Mountain formation, fossils, climate
237. The soft layer of the mantle on which the
tectonics plates move C. Land features, fossils, climate
A. Asthenosphere D. Valleys, Ocean trenches, climate

1.12 tectonics 103
243. Which layer has convection currents? 249. The crust and the uppermost mantle make
A. Inner Core up the

B. Outer Core A. lithosphere
C. Mantle B. asthenosphere
C. mesosphere
D. Crust
D. thermosphere
244. The point on Earth’s surface directly
above the place in the rocks where an 250. This land formation occurs at a divergent
earthquake begins. boundary.
A. Fault A. mid ocean ridge
B. Epicenter B. deep ocean trench
C. Seismic Waves C. pacific hot spot
D. Focus D. rift valley
245. Which layer of the Earth is liquid iron? 251. The outermost layer of the Earth is called
the
A. Crust
A. outer core
B. Mantle
B. mesosphere
C. Outer Core
C. lithosphere
D. Inner Core
D. asthenosphere
246. Complete the sentence.At mid-ocean
252. This layer is completely solid due to the
ridges, new is created
intense pressure it is under
A. crust
A. crust
B. water B. inner core
C. mantle C. mantle
D. core D. outer core
247. Wegener proposed that all continents 253. This is the process of warm liquids rising
were once part of a supercontinent called while cooler liquids sink.
A. Panama A. convection
B. Pangaea B. boiling
C. Glossopteris C. subduction
D. Slab Pull D. uplift
248. Subduction zones occur at the boundaries 254. What is the soft layer on which the tec-
between: tonic plates move?
A. Nations A. lithosphere
B. Oceans B. lower mantle
C. Plains and forested lands C. asthensophere
D. Tectonic plates D. mesosphere

1.12 tectonics 104
255. Which rock type is generally associated C. in the deep ocean trenches
with continental crust? D. in the north and south poles
A. Limestone
261. what happens to oceanic crust when it be-
B. Basalt comes subducted?
C. Granite A. it will become part of the hot, molten
D. Igneous mantle
B. it will go above the continental crust
NARAYAN CHANGDER
256. A super continent containing all of Earth’s
land that existed about 225 million years C. it will undergo the weathering process
ago.
A. Oceanic Crust D. it will become solid rock
B. Density
262. Which is not a plate boundary in plate tec-
C. Law of Conservation of Matter tonics
D. Pangea A. Vibranium
257. Which layer(s) of the Earth make up the B. Transform
asthenosphere? C. Divergent
A. Part of the mantle D. Convergent
B. Crust, mantle, Core
263. At which location does the movement of
C. Crust and upper mantle tectonic plates form isolated volcanic is-
D. Only the crust lands, such as Hawaii?
A. transform boundary
258. A fault forms at a boundary.
A. transform
C. subduction zone
B. divergent
D. hot spot
C. horizontal
D. convergent 264. any natural feature of the earth’s sur-
face
259. Which point (above ground) indicates
A. Landforms
where an earthquake began?
B. Rivers
A. hypocenter (or focus)
C. Sand Dune-
B. epicenter
D. none of above
C. point A
D. fault line 265. Convection currents in the mantle cause
260. In Seafloor Spreading, molten material

rises from the mantle and erupts or flows A. The ocean to get bigger.
out B. The plates to melt.
A. along the edges of all the continents C. The plates to move.
B. along mid-ocean ridges D. mountains to emerge.

1.12 tectonics 105
266. What type of lava cools quickly and C. subduction

forms rock with jagged edges? D. convection

A. Aa
272. New seafloor is formed through the pro-
B. Magma cess of what?
C. Pahoehoe A. seafloor spreading
D. Pillow Lava
B. continental drift
267. The process by which molten material C. divergent boundaries
adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor
D. none of above
is called
A. Divergent boundary 273. A rift valley is evidence of which kind of
plate boundary?
B. Sea-floor spreading
A. convergent
C. Convergent boundary
B. divergent
D. Renovating
C. transform
268. The cooler, outer rocky shell of Earth.
D. uniform
A. Inner Core
274. What did Hess find that made people re-
B. Mantle
consider Wegener’s theory?
C. Crust
A. same fossils on different continents
D. Outer Core
B. magma coming out of mid-ocean ridge
269. What process takes place During an
earthquake? C. continents fit together like puzzles
A. subduction D. none of above
B. convergence
275. Which layer of Earth flows slowly and
C. elastic rebound causes the crust to move?
D. elastic deformation A. Crust
270. Which layer of earth is closest to Earth’s B. Mantle
crust? C. Inner Core
A. Inner core D. Outer core
B. outter core
276. Why are earthquakes generally more de-
C. upper mantle structive than volcanoes?
D. lower mantle A. they are caused by plate motions
271. When two convergent plates come to- B. earthquakes are always accompanied
gether where the denser one is forced un- by tsunamis
der back into the mantle C. the area affected by an earthquake is
A. reduction larger
B. conduction D. they only occur in populated areas

1.12 tectonics 106
277. What factor(s) determine(s) whether an 282. formed by two continental plates collid-
eruption will be explosive? ing and forcing each other upwards during
A. The amount of gases in the magma convergent boundary
B. The amount of silica in the magma A. grassland
C. The amount of gas and silica in the B. mountain ranges

magma C. snow
D. None of these affect the explosiveness D. trench
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of the volcano
283. At transform boundaries, tectonic plates
278. What do scientists believe is the force be-
hind the plate tectonics theory?
A. move apart
A. the sun’s gravity
B. slide past each other
B. slab pull
C. convection currents C. collide
D. rotation of the earth on its axis D. do not move
279. When heat and pressure is added to a 284. Which of these is evidence for sea floor
rock, a rock forms. spreading?
A. Sedimentary A. Young rocks are at mid ocean ridges.
B. Metamorphic B. The cool magma sinks back into the
C. Igneous mantle.
D. none of above C. Mesosaurus

D. Glossopteris
280. The most recently formed crust on Earth
would be found where- 285. What is oceanic crust?
A. plates are moving sideways past each A. plates below the continents
other.
B. plates below the core
B. one plate is sliding under another
plate. C. plates below the oceans
C. two plates are pushing directly to- D. plates below the mantle
wards each other
286. What was based on the discovery of mid-
D. two plates are moving apart from each
ocean ridges that were magnetized, the
other.
distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes
281. Strike-Slip Plates move in what direc- around the Earth, and the presence of man-
tion? tle plumes?
A. Towards one another A. Continental Drift

B. Away from one another B. Theory of Relativity
C. Past one another C. Plate Tectonics
D. none of above D. Earthquakes

1.12 tectonics 107
287. Which of the following features are found 292. Why do plates sometimes sink into the
at divergent plate boundaries? mantle?

A. ocean trenches and abyssal plains A. because of convergent boundaries
B. mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys B. Because they feel like it
C. impact craters and alluvial fans C. Because one is more cool so it sinks
first
D. continental shelves and submarine
canyons D. Subduction one plate is more dense
288. Earth’s crust located under the ocean 293. The area where two tectonic plates
meet.
A. Oceanic Crust
A. mantle
B. Continental Crust
B. focus
C. Rock Cycle
C. plate boundary
D. Outer Core
D. convection
289. A continental rift valley can be formed
from stretching continental crust at 294. Remains of the reptilian creature,
Mesosaurus, found on West Africa and
A. transform plate boundaries
South America supports which theory?
B. convergent plate boundaries
A. Dinosaurs
C. divergent plate boundaries
B. Plate Tectonics
D. all plate boundaries
C. Nothing, because dinosaurs didn’t ex-
290. Florida is not close to the edge of a tec- ist
tonic plate. Therefore, which one of the D. Continental Drift
following features does not exist in or be-
neath Florida? 295. The idea that Earth’s crust is made up
of separate plates that float on the upper
A. crust
mantle is the theory of what?
B. mantle
A. plate tectonics
C. tectonic plate
D. tectonic plate boundary
C. Pangea
291. Examples of convergent boundaries D. none of above
where two continental plates collide pro-
ducing a large mountain range. 296. Dense oceanic lithosphere sinks under-
neath the continental lithosphere in a pro-
A. San Andreas Fault (USA)
cess called
B. Japan (Asia); Aleutian Islands (Alaska,
A. convection
USA)
B. conduction
C. Andes Mountains (S. America)
C. subduction
D. Himalaya Mtns (Asia); Appalachian
Mtns (USA) D. radiation

1.12 tectonics 108
297. At which plate boundary is crust neither C. climate change

created nor destroyed? D. continental drift
A. divergent
303. A boundary where two plates pull
B. convergentconvergent
apart?
C. transform
D. submerged
298. San Andreas Fault is located at this type
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of boundary
D. insurgent boundary
A. transform
B. convergent 304. What is the name of the supercontinent
C. divergent Alfred Wegner used?
D. ridge push A. Pangea

B. Laurasia
299. Where in Earth do convection currents
happen? C. Euamerica
A. In the mantle. D. Wakanda
B. Inner core.
305. The core is made mostly of what two met-
C. At the crust. als?
D. Outer core. A. Copper and Gold
300. What is Pangaea? B. Silicon and Sulfur
A. The name of a German Scientist C. Iron and Nickel
B. the name of the supercontinent that ex- D. Barium and Silver
isted millions of years ago
306. What is the main cause of most earth-
C. A pink volcano
quakes?
D. the name of an ancient fossil
A. human activity
301. Mountains created by movement of bro- B. hurricanes
ken pieces of crust; some push upward oth-
ers slide downward C. changes in temperature in Earth’s
mantle
A. Folded Mountains
D. pressure deep within the Earth (from
B. Dome Mountains
rocks crashing) that is being released
C. Fault-Block Mountains
D. Volcanic Mountains 307. form long chains of mountains that
rise up from the ocean floor.
302. The similarities between the Appalachian
A. Mid-ocean ridges
mountains and the Scottish highlands pro-
vide evidence for which process? B. Trenches
A. fossilization C. Smokey mountains
B. glacial retreat D. Pangaea

1.12 tectonics 109
308. The place in the rocks where pressure re- 314. Earth is divided into three compositional
leases and an earthquake begins. layers and five physical layers. The litho-
sphere is one of the physical layers. The

A. Fault
lithosphere includes some or all of which
B. Epicenter two compositional layers?
C. Seismic Waves
A. core and crust
D. Focus
B. mantle and core
309. The core is mostly made up mostly of
C. crust and mantle
which elements?
A. Oxygen and Silicon D. core and mesosphere
B. Silicon and Magnesium 315. The borders, or cracks, between tectonic

C. Nickel and Iron plates are called
D. Iron and Magnesium A. lithosphere
310. Which best describes the composition of B. synclines
the inner core? C. anticlines
A. Iron and Oxygen
D. faults
B. Oxygen and Magnesium
C. Magnesium and Nickel 316. a vent in the crust of the earth from
which usually molten or hot rock and
D. Nickel and Iron steam is released
311. What occurs at transform plate bound- A. Mountain
aries?
B. Delta
A. Plates spread apart from each other.
C. Volcano
B. Plates collide with each other.
C. Plates slide past each other. D. none of above
D. Plates do not move. 317. Which type of crust is more dense?

312. Which process is best explained by the A. oceanic
theory of plate tectonics?
B. continental
A. changes in air pressure
C. divergent
B. earth quakes
D. pizza
C. food chains and webs
D. life cycles of plants 318. What causes changes in the sizes, shapes,
and positions of Earth’s continents and
313. Which type of crust is more dense and
oceans?
thinner?
A. very strong ocean currents
A. Continental
B. Asthenosphere B. continental drift
C. Oceanic C. tectonic plate motion
D. Lithosphere D. global wind belts

1.12 tectonics 110
319. The outer layer of Earth’s crust is made 325. What is the source of the magma that
up of huge pieces of rock called erupts from a volcano?
A. faults A. the outer core
B. tectonic plates
B. the inner core
C. magama
C. the mantle
D. tsunamis
D. Earth’s oceans
320. Earthquakes are most often caused by
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. movement along faults releasing en- 326. Describe a mid-ocean ridge
ergy
A. mountain range in the ocean created
B. explosions from Volcanic eruptions by convergent boundaries
C. mid-ocean ridges making tsunamis B. A deep hole in the middle of the ocean
D. mountain building causing avalanches
321. The boundary between two plates that C. a little crack that people make a big
slide past one another. deal about
A. Divergent Plate Boundary D. none of above
B. Convergent Plate Boundary
327. What is the correct order (starting from
C. Transform Plate Boundary
the surface) of Earth’s layers?
D. Subversive Plate Boundary
A. crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
322. Which of these phenomenon is not di-
rectly cased by plate tectonics B. mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
A. Volcanic eruptions C. crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
B. Earthquakes D. outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
C. Tsunamis
328. Which of the following did not support
D. Landslides
continental drift?
323. Tectonics plates move around on this
A. location of volcanoes
layer of the Earth.
A. Lithosphere B. identical fossils on continents
B. Asthenosphere C. mountain ranges

C. Mesosphere D. coastlines fit like a puzzle
D. Inner Core
329. This layer is a mix between solid and liq-
324. Where are most divergent boundaries lo- uid
cated?
A. crust
A. Along the middle of most ocean floors
B. inner core
B. Along the margins of most continents
C. Across the middle of many continents C. mantle
D. All the above options are correct D. outer core

1.12 tectonics 111
330. Magma is molten material from the man- 336. Two tectonic plates collide at a plate
tle that has reached Earth’s surface. boundary.

A. TRUE A. convergent
B. FALSE:lava B. divergent
C. FALSE:a hot spot
C. transform
D. FALSE a volcano
D. none of above
331. Complete the statement.Continents drift
a few per year. 337. Mountains that are formed by the fold-
ing up of rock layers due to the collision of
A. meters
two plates
B. millimeters
A. Folded Mountains
C. centimeters
B. Dome Mountains
D. kilometers
C. Fault-Block Mountains
332. Which theory states that Earth’s litho-
sphere is divided into moving pieces? D. Volcanic Mountains
A. continental drift 338. What converging tectonic plates has no
B. c onvection theory formation of trench, volcano instead just a
C. plate tectonics large group of tall mountains?
D. Robinson’s theory A. continental plate & continental plate
333. What two specific continents fit together B. continental plate & oceanic plate
most noticeably? C. oceanic plate & oceanic plate
A. Africa and North America D. none of the above
B. South America and Europe
339. heat from deep in earth’s interior is trans-
C. South America and Africa
ferred to its crust by which of the follow-
D. Antartica and Africa ing?
334. The process that breaks down rocks and A. conduction in the ocean
other materials on Earth’s surface is called
B. convection in the mantle
A. weathering
C. radiation from the solid core
B. erosion
D. evaporation at mid-ocean ridges
C. soil conservation
D. decomposition 340. Scientists believe that 250 million years
ago
335. The area where two or more plates meet
is called a A. the continents were farther apart
A. fault B. the continents were underwater
B. plate boundary C. there was only one active volcano on
C. plate edge Earth
D. ring of fire D. The continents were connected

1.12 tectonics 112
341. What type of boundary results in a rift 346. How is it possible for new crust to
valley? be formed without increasing the surface
A. convergent area of the Earth?
A. Crust is destroyed at the same time it
B. divergent
is created
C. transform
B. New crust is underwater where it
D. none of above sinks
NARAYAN CHANGDER
342. When two continental plates collide, the C. New crust breaks more easily than old
edges of the continents fold upward. crust
What will happen as a result of this plate D. none of above
movement?
347. The movement of tectonic plates can pro-
A. Large mountain ranges will form. duce
B. A large rift valley will form. A. glaciers
C. A large canyon will form. B. earthquakes
D. A wide plateau will form. C. impact craters
343. The movement of the tectonic plates is D. fossils
caused by
348. Which process builds or makes crust?
A. the rotation of the Earth.
A. sea floor spreading
B. convection currents in the Astheno-
B. subduction
sphere
C. earthquakes
C. the gravity of the iron-nickel core.
D. shearing
D. the Moho discontinuity.
349. What describes the outer core?
344. Which answer lists all processes that
change landforms FAST? A. solid
A. tree roots, flash floods, and chemical B. liquid

weathering C. viscous
B. blowing sand, freezing water, and D. gas
chemical weathering.
350. This plate is involved in all of the Ring of
C. flash floods, volcanoes, and earth- Fire Volcanoes.
quakes.
A. The Nazca Plate
D. none of above
B. The North American Plate
345. A plate boundary where two plates move C. The Pacific Plate
away from each other is called
D. The Indian Plate
A. Divergent Boundary
351. What is the name of the single land-
B. Convergent Boundary
mass that began to break apart 200 mil-
C. Transform Boundary lion years ago?
D. Subduction A. Panthalassa

1.12 tectonics 113
B. Laurasia B. Density and weight

C. Gondwanna C. Temperature and pressure

D. Pangaea D. Pressure and density
352. Which type of wave is the first to arrive 357. Consists of the crust and part of the man-
after an earthquake occurs? tle.
A. P Wave A. convection current
B. Rayleigh Wave B. lithosphere
C. S Wave C. asthenosphere
D. Shear Wave
D. none of above
353. The Himalayan mountains have some of
358. At convergent boundaries, the tectonic
the highest peaks like Mt. Everest, on
plates
which type of convergent boundary are
they located? A. move apart
A. Oceanic/Continental B. slide past each other
B. Oceanic/Oceanic C. collide
C. Continental/Continental D. do not move
D. None of the above
359. What 3 evidences support seafloor
354. What does the theory of continental drift spreading?
state? A. Magnetic Reversals, Thermal Vents,
A. The continents were once joined in Age of Rocks
a super-continent and have moved over B. Age of Rocks, Magnetic Reversals,
time Dead Life
B. Continents are stationary and do not C. Magnetic Reversals, New Lifeforms,
move Index Fossils
C. The Earth is broken into lithospheric
D. none of above
plates that move due to convection cur-
rents 360. A transform boundary forms where
D. none of the above plates slide past each other
355. Who came up with the theory of continen- A. vertically

tal drift? B. horizontally
A. Harry Hess C. in a diagonal direction
B. Albert Einstein D. rapidly
C. Alfred Wegener
361. In the Theory of Plate Tectonics, what
D. Bill Nye the Science Guy is the mechanism that causes plate move-
ment?
356. What are the main causes of convection
currents in the asthenosphere? A. Tidal forces in the oceans.
A. Density and temperature B. Seismic waves in the lithosphere.

1.12 tectonics 114
C. Convection Currents in the astheno- 367. what is the continental crust made of
sphere. A. metamofic and ignous purple rocks
D. Magma waves in the asthenosphere B. cool volcanic substanses
362. The process by which water, wind, ice, C. sedimentary rocks, less dense
and changes in temperature break down D. none of above
rock into fragments called sediments.
368. Where does the heat come from that
A. Deposition
drives this convection current in the man-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Erosion tle?
C. Weathering A. The sun
D. Igneous Rock B. The crust
363. What instrument is used to detect the C. the mantle
magnitude of earthquakes? D. the core
A. barometer 369. This type of plate boundary is when two
B. electrograph plates crash into each other.
C. seismograph A. convergent
D. pictograph B. divergent
C. transform
364. Which of the following was evidence
Wegner provided for Plate Tectonics D. subductive
A. Identical fossils of plants and animals 370. What is the thickest layer of the Earth?
on different continents
A. the crust
B. Weather patterns
B. the mantle
C. ocean tides C. the outer core
D. erosion D. the inner core
365. Which layer of the earth is between the 371. The convergence of two continental
core and the crust? plates would produce
A. Crust A. island arcs
B. Mantle B. rift valleys
C. Outer Core C. folded mountains
D. Inner Core D. trenches
366. Alfred Wegener’s theory was not imme- 372. Which of the following geological fea-
diately accepted by scientists because: tures is not created by the movement of
A. he was a meteorologist the Earth’s plates?
B. he was a geologist A. Volcanoes.
C. he could not explain how the conti- B. Mountain ranges.
nents moved C. Canyons.
D. both a and c D. Fault lines.

1.12 tectonics 115
373. This layer is divided into pieces called tec- 379. Tectonic plates move due to
tonic plates. A. the moon

A. Mesosphere B. tsunamis
B. Asthenosphere
C. heated currents deep within Earth
C. Mantle
D. the formation of mountains over time
D. Lithosphere
380. Where do volcanoes occur?
374. What theory describes the movement of
A. divergent boundaries
tectonic plates across the Earth?
B. convergent boundaries
B. Plate Tectonics C. ring of fire
C. Absolute Dating D. all of the above
D. Pangaea 381. A rift valley is formed when continental

plates
375. What was the name Wegener gave to the
supercontinents in his hypothesis? A. Converge
A. Terra Firma B. Diverge
B. Pangaea C. Subduct
C. Continent Maxima D. Transform
D. Gondwanaland 382. What is the process in which two plates
move toward each other but one sinks un-
376. Rock that forms when minerals form
der the other?
from solutions or sediment from older
rocks get pressed and cemented together. A. subduction
A. Sedimentary Rock B. convection
B. Metamorphic Rock C. divergence
C. Igneous Rock D. transformation
D. none of above 383. The fastest type of wave is a(n)
377. What drives tectonic plate movement? A. surface wave
A. gravity B. primary wave
B. coriolis effect C. secondary wave
C. convection currents D. epicenter wave
D. the earth’s magnetic core
384. What layer of the Earth surrounds the in-
378. This layer of Earth is solid Iron and Nickel ner core?
A. Outer Core A. Crust
B. Mantle B. Mantle
C. Inner Core C. inner core
D. Crust D. Outter core

1.12 tectonics 116
385. Alfred Wegner’s continental drift hypoth- B. elevation

esis stated that at one time in Earth’s his- C. subduction
tory, all the continents joined together to
form D. none of the above
A. Three Supercontinents 391. What forms when two oceanic plates di-
B. One Supercontinent verge?
C. Two Supercontinents A. moutains
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Eleven Supercontinents B. rift valley
C. mid-ocean ridge
386. What process occurs when an oceanic
plate pushes beneath a continental plate? D. deep-ocean trench
A. subduction 392. The innermost physical layers of Earth
B. reduction are the inner core and outer core. Which
two metals are the inner and outer core
C. magnetism
mostly made of?
D. succession
A. lead and iron
387. The process needed for a sedimentary B. iron and nickel
rock to form is
C. lead and mercury
A. heat and pressure
D. nickel and mercury
B. melting and cooling
393. What landforms are formed at conver-
C. crystallization and compaction
gent boundaries
D. weathering, erosion, deposition, com-
A. mountains
paction and cementation
B. trenches
388. The rocks that make up Earth are part of
C. volcanoes
which sphere?
D. none of above
A. atmosphere
B. biosphere 394. What geologic feature/event you be
C. geosphere most likely to find at a transform bound-
ary?
D. hydrosphere
A. Earthquakes
389. What evidence supports the theory of B. Volcanoes
plate tectonics?
C. Mountains
A. How minerals are distributed
D. Rift Valleys
B. Geographic features
C. Fossils 395. When tectonic plates move toward each
other, they collide and push large pieces
D. All of the above of rock upward. Which of these structures
390. When plates converge and form moun- can occur over time by this process?
tains, scientists call it A. Rivers.
A. uplift B. Mountains.

1.12 tectonics 117
C. Canyons. 401. Tectonic plates are part of the

D. Valleys. A. hydrosphere

B. lithosphere
396. A feature that forms in Earth’s crust
when molten material reaches the surface C. atmosphere
is called a D. none of above
A. Mountain 402. What happens to magma in the mantle
B. Volcano when it is heated?
C. Rift Valley A. It becomes less dense and rises.
D. Deep Ocean Trench B. It becomes more dense and rises.
C. It becomes more dense and sinks.
397. Describes the movements of tectonic
D. It becomes less dense and sinks.
plates over long periods of time
A. convection current 403. There are three types of plate boundaries.
Which choice is NOT a type of plate bound-
B. tectonic plates ary?
C. continental drift A. convergent
D. none of above B. thrust
398. According to Wegener’s hypothesis of C. divergent

continental drift, D. transform
A. Earth’s surface is made up of seven 404. seafloor spreading provides evidence of
major landmasses which of the following earth processes?
B. the continents DO NOT move A. erosion of coastlines
C. Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking B. weathering of mountains
D. the continents were once joined to- C. movements of tectonic plates
gether in a single landmass D. formation of sedimentary rock
399. Convection occurs in the and causes 405. The outer layer of Earth’s crust is made
the plates to move. up of huge pieces of rock called
A. crust A. faults
B. core B. tectonic plates
C. mantle C. magma
D. tsunamis
D. molten
406. What is the name of the Mesozoic su-
400. This scientist built most of the evidence percontinent that consisted of all of the
for continental drift. present continents?
A. Alfred Wegener A. Gondwanaland
B. Fred Calfred B. Laurasia
C. Sean Carroll C. Pangaea
D. John Williams D. Eurasia

1.12 tectonics 118
407. Earth’s surface Is made of C. Density

A. plates D. Temperature
B. crust 413. The geosphere is composed of:
C. mantle A. Rock/Ground
D. none of above B. Ice/Snow
408. What is a tsunami? C. Water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. a type of earthquake D. Living things
B. a long wave caused by ocean currents 414. Which of the following best describes
subduction?
C. a long wave caused by an earthquake A. one plate colliding with another
or volcanic eruption under the ocean
B. one plate destroying another
D. the cloud of ash caused by a large vol- C. one plate going beneath another
canic eruption
D. one plate dividing another
409. What happens to temperature as we
move from the crust to the inner core? 415. The motion of tectonic plates can cause
both slow and rapid changes in Earth’s
A. Decreases surface. Which is an example of a rapid
B. Increases change?
C. Nothing A. earthquake
D. none of above B. sea-floor spreading
410. Boundary between two colliding plates, C. mountain building

often associated with mountain building, D. formation of an ocean trench
ocean trenches and volcanic islands
416. Which of the following is true about the
A. plate boundary Earth’s layers?
B. magma A. The asthenosphere is the thickest of
C. divergent boundary Earth’s layers.
D. convergent boundary B. All of the layers are liquid and ex-
tremely hot.
411. whats the name of the ancient supercon-
C. There is little to no pressure on the
tinent
solid core.
A. North America
D. DThe Earth’s core has two different
B. Oswald parts.
C. Pangaea
417. What is a difference between oceanic &
D. Eurasia continental crust?
412. When two plates that differ in collide, A. Continental is thicker
volcanoes often form nearby. B. Oceanic is thicker
A. Speed C. Continental is made of basalt
B. Thickness D. Oceanic is made of granite

1.12 tectonics 119
418. Which layer of the Earth is the thickest? C. a subduction zone

A. Inner Core D. a transform boundary

B. Mantle
424. The Earth’s inner core is made mostly of
C. Crust
A. magma
D. Outer Core
B. halite
419. What forms when two continental, con-
vergent plates push together? C. iron
A. volcano D. diamond
B. mountain
425. Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur
C. earthquakes
D. island A. along the coast
420. Which of the following is responsible for B. along tectonic plate boundaries
Earth’s crust moving?
C. in the Arctic
A. Convection Currents
D. in the ocean
B. Dynamo Effect
C. Great Pressure 426. Using data from seismic waves, geolo-
D. Gravitational pull from the Sun gists have learned that Earth’s interior is
made up of several
421. Liquid rock on the surface of the Earth is
A. continents
called
A. Lava B. layers
B. Magma C. ridges
C. Pycrete D. trenches
D. Rock Water
427. The movement of tectonics plates at a
422. What type of boundary occurs when two fault is a cause of what?
tectonic plates slide past each other hori- A. convergent boundaries
zontally?
B. rift valleys
A. divergent
B. convergent C. Earthquakes
C. transform D. none of above
D. uplift
428. This landform can occur at a divergent
423. Earthquakes can start where two plates plate boundary.
slide back and forth past each other, such A. ocean trench
as at the San Andreas Fault. This area
would be an example of B. mid-ocean ridge
A. a divergent boundary C. tall mountains
B. the result of volcanic eruptions D. transform fault

1.12 tectonics 120
429. Which ocean is expanding due to a mid- C. two plates moving away from each
ocean ridge (divergent boundary)? other
A. Indian D. plates that don’t move at all
B. Dead Sea
435. Muddy water being carried away by a
C. Atlantic fast-moving river
D. Artic A. Weathering
430. The layer that makes up most of the B. Erosion
NARAYAN CHANGDER
earth’s mass and volume is the C. Deposition
A. crust D. none of above
B. mantle
436. When a volcanic mountain collapses and
C. core leaves a hole, what is this called?
D. asthenosphere
A. Sill
431. The matching coastlines of Africa and B. Lava flow
South America help support which the-
C. Volcanic neck
ory?
D. Caldera
A. Theory of evolution
B. Theory of gravity 437. Which type of stress causes deformation
C. Theory of supposition that leads to earthquakes at converging
plate boundaries?
D. Theory of continental drift
A. tension
432. Most divergent boundaries are found B. stretching
A. near a mountain range
C. shear stress
B. in the Northern Hemisphere
D. compression
C. in Asia
438. There are three types of convergent
D. beneath the oceans
boundaries:oceanic-oceanic, continental-
433. What is the record of an earthquake’s oceanic, and
seismic waves produced by a seismo- A. continental-continental
graph?
B. continental-convergent
A. Richter
C. oceanic-convergent
B. magnitude
D. divergent-convergent
C. seismogram
D. none of above 439. What is the motion of Earth’s plates
like?
434. What is a divergent boundary?
A. fast and in stages
A. two plates moving towards each other
B. slow and in stages
B. two plates grinding/sliding past each C. fast and constant

other. D. slow and constant

1.12 tectonics 121
440. Folded mountains form at which type of C. mountain ranges

plate boundary? D. mountain volcanoes

A. convergent
446. Currents within the mantle cause the
B. divergent earth’s plates to move and shift s molten
C. transform material rises and falls due to density and
D. none of above gravity
A. Convection
441. Convection currents occurs in which of
Earth’s layers? B. Radiation
A. crust C. Conduction
B. mantle D. Wind
C. outer core 447. Complete the sentence.Earth’s tectonic

D. inner core plates are made of
A. the crust only
442. What forms at a convergent boundary be-
tween a continental plate and an oceanic B. the upper and the lower mantle
plate? C. the lower mantle only
A. volcanoes D. the crust and the upper mantle
B. rift valleys
448. What process is responsible for moving
C. faults Earth’s plates?
D. mid-ocean ridges A. convection currents in the outer core
443. At what location does the first motion of B. convection currents in the inner core
an earthquake occur? C. convection currents in the mantle
A. the focus D. conduction currents in the lithosphere
B. the seismic gap
449. Which statement best describes Earth’s
C. the mantle core?
D. the epicenter A. The outer core is solid and the inner
core is liquid.
444. At what type of boundary do earth-
quakes happen? B. The outer core is partly molten and the
inner core is fully molten.
A. Transform
C. The entire core is solid.
B. Divergent
D. The outer core is liquid and the inner
C. Convergent core is solid.
D. none of above
450. The rejection of Mr. Wegener’s hypothe-
445. What land form can be produced by the sis teaches us that
collision of two continental plates? A. Indirect evidence is not sufficient to
A. oceanic ridge prove a hypothesis
B. oceanic trench B. Direct evidence is hard to find

1.12 tectonics 122
C. Hypotheses are hard to prove 456. What is the underlying force that drives
D. Scientists of the early 1900s were not plate tectonics?
smart enough A. Ocean tides
B. Volcanic eruptions
451. TRUE or FALSE:Volcanoes form along the
mid-ocean ridges, where two plates move C. The rock cycle
together.If false change the underlined D. Convection currents
word to make it true.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
457. What causes earthquakes to occur?
A. TRUE
A. erosion moving rocks and soil
B. FALSE:apart
B. the movement of tectonic plates that
C. FASLE:past each other release energy
D. none of above C. violent wind and rains shaking the
ground
452. What causes tectonic plate movement?
D. underground currents of water flowing
A. Convection Currents quickly
B. Pangea
458. About how many years ago was Pangaea
C. Radiation around?
D. Lava A. 250 million years ago
453. Some volcanoes are formed without be- B. 250 thousand years ago
ing near plate boundaries. These are C. 250 years ago
known as D. none of above
A. deep ocean trenches
459. What is a rating of an earthquake’s mag-
B. subduction zones nitude based on the size of the earth-
C. faults quake’s seismic waves?
D. hot spots A. seismograph
B. seismogram
454. Which layer of Earth is LIQUID?
C. Richter scale
A. upper mantle
D. none of above
B. lower mantle
460. The Earth’s inner core is made mostly of
C. outer core
D. inner core A. magma
455. The hot, plastic-like layer of Earth, made B. diamond
of magma. C. iron
A. Inner Core D. halite
B. Mantle
461. Plates that come together (collide) are
C. Crust called:
D. Outer Core A. Convergent

1.12 tectonics 123
B. Divergent C. transform
C. Transform D. vertical

D. Crust
468. What geologic structures or features are
462. What are the chunks of crust called? formed in the diverging of tectonic plates
A. continents A. formation of rift valleys & oceanic
ridges
B. tectonic plates
B. . mountain ranges
C. crustal floats
C. Volcano
D. tectonic plains
D. volcanic arc
463. What did Henry Hess discover about the
ocean floor? 469. The point directly above the focus of an
earthquake is called an
A. The ocean floor was flat
A. epicenter
B. The ocean floor had mountains
B. jetties
C. The ocean floor was hot
D. none of above C. sinkhole
D. earthquake
464. What are mid-ocean ridges?
A. A chain of underwater waterfalls 470. The area around the Pacific Ocean where
lots of earthquakes and volcanoes happen
B. A chain of underwater volcanos is called the
C. A chain of underwater mountains A. Ring of Earth
D. A chain of underwater rocks B. Ring of Fire
465. Location inside Earth where an earth- C. Ring of Stone
quake originates: D. Ring of Diamond
A. Fissure
471. What type of tectonic plate boundary in-
B. Focus
volves a collision of plates?
C. Epicenter
A. transform
D. Fault
B. divergent
466. The borders, or cracks, between tectonic C. convergent
plates are called
D. obstructive
A. lithospheres
B. synclines 472. Which piece of evidence was not used by
Wegener to support his theory of continen-
C. anticlines tal drift?
D. faults A. South America and Africa coastlines
467. A trench forms at a boundary. B. coal beds in Antarctica
A. convergent C. plant and reptile fossils
B. divergent D. earthquake patterns

1.12 tectonics 124
473. What did Wegener call the single, large, C. Continental Drift
landmass containing all of our current con- D. Rock Cycle
tinents?
A. continental drift 479. The circular pattern of heating, rising,
cooling, sinking of magma in the mantle
B. plate tectonics
causing tectonic plates to move.
C. Pangaea
A. Plate Tectonics
D. none of above
B. Convection Currents
NARAYAN CHANGDER
474. Older oceanic crust moves a diver- C. Pangaea
gent boundary.
D. Subduction
A. sideways near
B. away from 480. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most
likely found in which locations?
C. toward
A. At plate boundaries
D. next to
B. in oceans
475. Which process was mainly responsible
C. in the middle of continents
for forming the Grand Canyon?
D. in the middle of plates
A. erosion by water
B. erosion by ice 481. New oceanic crust is formed here
C. deposition by water A. mid-ocean ridge
D. deposition by ice B. subduction zone
476. The scientist who proposed the theory of C. convergent boundaries
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift: D. transform boundaries
A. Wegner
482. What is the process in which hot molten
B. Darwin rock rises, then cools and sinks back to the
C. Mr. Hinkens core?
D. Einstein A. plate tectonics
477. Most volcanoes occur because of B. continental drift
A. plates sliding past one another C. convection

B. subduction zones in the astheno- D. divergence
sphere
483. What is the process by which oceanic
C. plates moving away from each other crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench
D. convection currents and back into the mantle at a convergent
plate boundary?
478. What is the process by which new
A. Subduction
seafloor is created and old seafloor is re-
cycled? B. Induction
A. Seafloor Spreading C. Abduction
B. Plate Tectonics D. Reduction

1.12 tectonics 125
484. The super continent that existed when all 489. Movement of Earth’s tectonic plates ap-
continents were together was named pears to be caused by

A. Gondwana A. light from the moon.
B. Laurasia B. temperature differences in Earth’s in-
C. Eurasia ner core.
D. Pangea C. temperature differences in Earth’s
mantle.
485. The asthenosphere has the property of
D. light from the sun.
plasticity, which allows the solid mantle to
move like a liquid.Which of the following 490. What causes the plates to move?
explains how the crust moves in different
A. earthquake
directions? F RadiationG Convection cur-
rentsH GeothermalJ Conduction B. convection currents (heat)
A. F C. volcanoes
B. G D. none of above
C. H 491. What evidence supports plate tectonics?
D. J A. fossils
486. The layers of Earth are the B. how minerals are distributed
A. hydrosphere, atmosphere, tropo- C. geographic features
sphere, outer core and inner core
D. all of the above
B. stratosphere, ionosphere, tropo-
sphere, outer core and inner core 492. Ocean crust is made of and is
dense than continental crust.
C. crust, mantle, outer core and inner
core A. basalt, less
D. tectonic plates, faults, lithosphere and B. basalt, more
core C. granite, less
487. Which of these is NOT a type of plate D. granite, more
boundary?
493. What should you NOT DO during an
A. covergent earthquake?
B. bivergent A. cover your head
C. divergent
B. duck under the table
D. transform
C. park your car
488. What type of plate boundary is created D. run to a tall tree
when 2 plates move away from each
other? 494. The thinest layer
A. Transform A. crust
B. Convergent B. inner core
C. Divergent C. mantle
D. Subduction D. outer core

1.12 tectonics 126
495. Which of the following is NOT one of the C. Himalayan

ways scientists use remote sensing? D. Andes Mountains
A. aerial images
501. What causes convection current in the
B. ground photography Earth?
C. satellite images A. The uneven heating on each layer in-
D. none of above side the Earth.
B. The crusts outer layer.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
496. Mountains that are formed by pressure
when magma pushes upward, causes land C. The temperatures we feel outside.
to bulge upward D. none of above
A. Folded Mountains 502. What is the plastic-like layer on which
B. Dome Mountains the tectonic plates move?
C. Fault-Block Mountains A. outer core
D. Volcanic Mountains B. mesosphere
C. lithosphere
497. Why are there no fossils on the ocean
floor that are more than 180 million years D. asthenosphere
old? 503. What is an undersea mountain chain
A. Seafloor spreading and subduction where new ocean floor is produced?
B. Reversal of polarity A. Rift valley
C. Climate change B. Deep-ocean trench
D. Oil companies drilling for petroleum C. Mid-ocean ridge
D. Transform bounda
498. Volcanoes can be found
A. on land 504. Earth’s crust would be best modeled by
using a material that is
B. under water
A. liquid and hot
C. on islands
B. dense and smooth
D. all of the above
C. soft and flexible
499. At a boundary, plates slide next to D. thin and solid
each other in opposite directions.
505. What observation can we make about
A. Convergent Earth’s lithosphere AND asthenosphere?
B. Divergent A. The asthenosphere floats on top of the
C. Transform lithosphere.
D. Proficiency B. The crust and the core make up the
lithosphere.
500. What is the most famous Fault line in the
C. The crust and mantle make up the as-
the world?
thenosphere.
A. San Andreas Fault D. The lithosphere floats on top of the as-
B. Hawaiian Islands thenosphere

1.12 tectonics 127
506. Tectonic plates move due to C. uplift

A. the moon D. weathering

B. tsunamis
512. Which of these phrases defines subsi-
C. heated currents deep within Earth dence?
D. the formation of mountains over time
A. Earth’s crust rising
507. On land, two plates are moving away B. Earth’s crust sinking
from each other.What landform is most
likely to happen at this location? C. Earth’s crust shifting sideways
A. A rift valley. D. Earth’s crust moving in any direction

B. A large plateau. 513. In a convection cell, what happens at the
C. A single large volcano. lower mantle?
D. A mountain range. A. Rock gets warmer and stays at the
same level.
508. The upper rigid part of Earth that contains
the crust and part of the upper mantle is B. Rock gets colder and rises.
called the C. Rock gets colder and stays at the same
A. asthensosphere level.
B. inner core D. Rock gets warmer and rises.
C. lithosphere
514. New crust is always formed at the
D. glossoposphere
A. mid-ocean ridge
509. About how many plates are in Earth?
B. deep-ocean trench
A. 0-5
C. asthenosphere
B. 6-10
D. Lithosphere
C. 11-18
D. none of above 515. Plates move on top of the
510. Who is known for the theory of Continen- A. mantle

tal Drift B. inner core
A. Alfred Wegner C. outer core
B. Sir Issac Newton D. crust
C. Harry Hess
516. The movement of fluid, caused by differ-
D. Dmitri Mendeleev
ences in temperature, that transfers heat
511. Mount Everest formed when two tectonic from one part of the fluid to another is
plates collided. Which of the following A. Convection current
processes lead to the formation of Mount
Everest? B. Seismic waves
A. erosion C. Sea-floor spreading
B. subsidence D. Conduction current

1.12 tectonics 128
517. Which of these layers is ALL solid iron and 523. Which type of evidence was NOT used to
nickle? support the continental drift hypothesis?
A. inner core A. evidence from landforms
B. outer core B. evidence from fossils
C. lithosphere C. evidence from human remains
D. mesosphere D. evidence from climate
524. When one plate sides under neath an-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
518. Which Plate boundary shows plates slid-
ing past each other? other, it and the magma
A. Transform A. hardens, sinks

B. melts, sinks
B. Divergent
C. hardens, rises
C. Convergent
D. melts, rises
D. Conduction
525. Scientists hypothesize that a super conti-
519. What causes plates to move? nent existed 200 million years ago. This
A. gravity continent is called
B. magic A. America
C. they don’t move B. Super Earth
D. convection currents C. Pangea
D. Eurasia
520. what kind of plate boundary would you
find at an ocean trench? 526. This causes tectonic plates to move
A. convergent A. magnetism on the seafloor
B. divergent B. convection currents in the aestheno-
sphere
C. transform
C. earthquakes in the crust
D. uniform
D. none of above
521. Which term best describes the landmass
of Hawaii’s big island? 527. a geological theory explaining the move-
ment of Earth’s crust
A. Increasing
A. plate tectonics
B. Constant
C. Diminishing C. Pangaea
D. Disappearing D. transform boundary
522. a nonexplosive volcano made of hard- 528. All of the following occur along tectonic
ened lava plate boundaries EXCEPT
A. shield volcano A. earthquakes
B. composite volcano B. volcanoes
C. divergent volcano C. mid-ocean ridges
D. transform volcano D. hurricanes

1.12 tectonics 129
529. At which plate boundary will one plate C. a transform plate boundary
go beneath the other plate?
D. new seafloor being created

A. continental-continental
B. continental-oceanic 535. What forms when two CONTINENTAL
plates CONVERGE?
C. divergent
A. Rift Valley
D. tranforms
B. Mid Ocean Ridge
530. What is the asthenosphere?
C. Mountains
A. The layer below the lithosphere
D. Volcanoes on land and ocean trench
B. the core
C. the mantle 536. Where are most volcanoes and earth-
quakes located?
D. the crust and mantle
A. in the middle of the continents
531. A forms where plates diverge on
B. along the equator
land.
C. along the edges of tectonic plates
A. rift valley
B. mid-ocean ridge D. near the North and South poles
C. mountain 537. Rock that forms when pressure, temper-

D. trench ature, or chemical processes change exist-
ing rock.
532. The cool, outermost layer of Earth made
A. Igneous Rock
up of the crust and upper mantle is called
the B. Sedimentary Rock
A. core C. Metamorphic Rock
B. mantle D. Rock Cycle
C. lithosphere
538. the process of wearing away or changing
D. convection Earth’s surface due to natural forces
533. What type of evidence was NOT used by A. erosion
Alfred Wegener to support his continental B. deposition
drift hypothesis?
C. cementation
A. evidence from landforms
D. weathering
B. evidence from fossils
C. evidence from human remains 539. Where two tectonic plates move to-
D. evidence from climate gether.
534. What do volcanic island arcs indicate
about the plate tectonics in the region? B. divergent boundary
A. a converging plate boundary C. transform boundary
B. a diverging plate boundary D. plate boundary

1.12 tectonics 130
540. Molten rock that flows from a volcano B. Earth’s gravitational force
onto Earth’s surface.
C. I don’t know
A. river
D. solar magnetic storms
B. earthquake
C. lava 546. Mountains form at this type of bound-
ary.
D. none of above
A. divergent boundary
NARAYAN CHANGDER
541. What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to
support his theory of continental drift? B. continental-oceanic boundary
A. Fossil discoveries C. transform boundary

B. The Himalaya Mountains D. continental-continental boundary
C. Ancient maps of the world
547. Which layer of the Earth is the thickest
D. Charts of seismic activity and is made of molten rock?
542. At which type of boundary do two plates A. Outer Core
collide? B. Inner Core
C. Crust
B. convergent boundary
D. Mantle
D. none of above 548. The movement of tectonic plates is be-
lieved to be caused by
543. where two plates are moving apart,
magma comes up to create new crust and A. convection currents in the mantle
makes a mid ocean B. Earth’s magnetic field
A. lithosphere C. the rotation of Earth
B. trench D. the gravitational pull of the moon
C. ridge
549. What two processes make sediment?
D. magma
A. Weathering
544. The tectonic plates are made of a combi-
nation of the crust and the uppermost part B. Erosion
of the mantle. What is this combination C. Weathering & Erosion
called?
D. none of above
A. asthenosphere
B. continental crust 550. Which of the following is true about
folds?
C. atmosphere
D. lithosphere A. They do not create mountains.
B. They are entirely broken rock plates.
545. What is the primary cause of volcanoes
and earthquakes? C. They occur only in the inner core.
A. crustal plate movements D. They can create deep valleys.

1.12 tectonics 131
551. The place where old crust is pushed down B. Convergent Plate Boundary
into a trench is called what?
C. Transform Plate Boundary

A. subduction
D. Subversive Plate Boundary
B. convection current
C. deep-ocean trench 557. Paleontologist study fossils to learn
D. none of above A. about past events
552. This kind of volcano alternates between B. about past life forms
explosive and non-explosive eruptions, it C. about past environments/climate
has a wide base, and are very common
around the “Ring of Fire”. D. all the answers
A. Shield 558. Who proposed the idea of the superconti-

B. composite nent of Pangaea?
C. cinder cone A. Aristotle
D. none of above B. Eratosthenes
553. Geologists and Seismologist study C. Pytheas
and to determine what’s happening in- D. Alfred Wegener
side of Earth?
A. oceans and land 559. The place where two plates come to-
gether is known as a
B. people and plants
C. rocks and seismic waves A. transform boundary
D. none of above B. divergent boundary

C. convergent boundary
554. The most dense layer
A. crust D. rift valley
B. inner core 560. the region where two lithospheric plates

C. mantle meet
D. outer core A. Continental Drift
555. What is a natural formation on Earth’s B. Plate tectonics

surface, such as a valley, plateau, moun- C. Plate Boundaries
tain, plain, or hill
D. none of above
A. landform
B. tectonic plate 561. The type of plate boundary where two
plates come together is a
C. formation
D. none of above A. Convergent Boundary
556. The boundary between two plates that
pull apart from one another. C. Transform Boundary
A. Divergent Plate Boundary D. Plate Boundary

1.12 tectonics 132
562. an explosive volcano made of many lay- C. Transform-

ers of ash, lava, and ejected rocks D. none of above
A. shield volcano
568. the region where an oceanic plate sinks
B. composite volcano down into the asthenosphere at a conver-
C. convergent volcano gent boundary, usually between continen-
D. divergent volcano tal and oceanic plates
A. subduction zone
NARAYAN CHANGDER
563. What are the two types of crust on the
earth’s surface? B. lava zone
A. continental and silicon C. nitrogen zone
B. transform and oceanic D. continental zone

C. oceanic and continental 569. million years ago, the continents were
D. divergent and convergent joined in a single land mass called
A. Pan America
tectonic plates separate? B. Pangaea
A. divergent C. Pan Acean
B. convergent D. ‘Murica
C. transform 570. Two plates move toward each other at
D. none of above what?
565. a current caused by the rising of heated
fluid and sinking of cooled fluid B. transform boundary
A. Electric Current C. divergent boundary
B. Convection Current D. none of above
C. Conduction Current 571. What did Alfred Wegener call his the-
D. Plate tectonic theory current ory?
566. A place where two plates slide past each
other, moving in opposite directions, is B. Plate Tectonics
known as a C. Transmorphication
A. transform boundary D. none of above
572. The process in which a denser plate is
C. convergent boundary pushed beneath a less dense plate when
D. rift valley the two plates converge.
567. Formed where two sections of Earth’s A. subduction

crust are colliding B. polarity reversal
A. Divergent- C. convection
B. Convergent- D. seafloor spreading

1.12 tectonics 133
573. Which of the following is NOT a type of C. two continental plates spreading at a
convergent boundary? divergent boundary
D. two continental plates colliding at a

A. Continent-Continent Boundary
B. Continent-Ocean Boundary convergent boundary
C. Ocean-Ocean Boundary 579. Which theory states that the continents

were once joined together and over time
D. Ocean-Mountain Boundary
broke up and drifted apart?
574. Islands can from from magma which is A. Continental Drift Theory
pushed up at a plate boundary B. Theory of Plate Tectonics
A. Divergent C. The Big Bang Theory
B. Convergent D. Theory of Evolution
C. Transform
580. All of the following observations seem to
D. none of above indicate movement of the plates EXCEPT-
575. What is the cooling source for convection A. rifting of the ocean floor
in the mantle? B. convection currents in magma
A. the Crust C. beginning of the ice age
B. the Mantle D. fossil evidence
C. the Core 581. What is an ocean trench, Where do they
D. none of above occur?
A. A big hole, in the ocean
576. When pressure builds between two tec-
tonic plates, it can suddenly release caus- B. why do i have to now this? ?
ing a (an) C. Huge cracks in Ocean occurs @ sub-
A. Earthquake duction zone
B. Volcano D. none of above
C. Convection Current 582. A subduction zone is formed

D. Gravitational Pull A. when one tectonic plate sinks below
another
577. Which ocean is expanding due to a mid-
B. at every type of convergent plate
ocean ridge?
boundary
A. Indian C. at every type of divergent plate bound-
B. Dead Sea ary
C. Atlantic D. at transform boundaries
D. Artic 583. Deep sea trenches are associated with
which of the following?
578. What causes mountains to form?
A. subduction zones
A. two oceanic plates spreading at a di-
vergent boundary B. rift valleys
B. two oceanic plates colliding at a con- C. fault-block mountains
vergent boundary D. transform boundaries

1.12 tectonics 134
584. The process by which the ocean floor B. Shield Volcano

sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and C. Fissure Volcano
back into the mantle is known as
D. Cinder-Cone Volcano
A. convection
B. continental drift 590. What is the layer of earth that all organ-
isms live on?
C. subduction
A. Crust
D. I don’t know
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. lower mantle
585. What process usually takes place imme-
C. inner core
diately Before an earthquake?
D. lithosphere
A. subduction
B. convergence 591. Which fault forms from compression
forces?
C. elastic rebound
A. Normal Faults
D. elastic deformation
B. Reverse Faults
586. The North American plate and Pacific
plates meet at the San Andres Fault in Cal- C. Strike Slip Faults
ifornia causing frequent earthquakes. This D. Transform Fault
fault is located at a boundary.
592. Tectonic plates are made up of continental
A. Ridge crust and crust.
B. Divergent A. continental
C. Convergent B. oceanic
D. Transform
C. plates
587. Hot matter is dense and D. mantle
A. less, sinks
593. Boundary between two plates where the
B. less, rises plates are sliding past each other
C. more, sinks A. Divergent-
D. more, rises B. Convergent-
588. Who is the first to provide evidence of C. Transform-
plate tectonics? D. none of above
A. Charles Darwin
594. The Red Sea formed as the African Plate
B. Albert Einstein slowly moved apart from the Arabian
C. Alfred Wegener Plate. Which type of boundary was in-
volved in the formation of the Red Sea?
D. Mrs. Martin
589. A moderate-sized volcano, has been
formed by the alternating of lava flows B. divergent boundary
and explosive eruptions C. stationary boundary
A. Composite Volcano D. convergent boundary

1.12 tectonics 135
595. Seafloor spreading occurs along certain 600. The starting point for sea-floor spreading
boundaries in the ocean. Which are most where new rock is formed
likely to form at the boundary where

A. mid-ocean ridge
seafloor is spreading?
B. trench
A. strike-slip faults
C. abyssal plain
B. subduction zones
D. none of above
C. mid-ocean ridges
601. Volcanic arcs are caused at convergent
D. continental shelves
boundaries because
596. What is the inner most part of the Earth? A. Cracks in the lithosphere
A. Outter Core B. sea floor spreading
B. Inner core C. Subduction
C. Mantle D. plates move away from each other
D. Crust 602. Convection currents are powered by:

A. Motion
597. This is when two plates converge but one
slides under the other one due to density. B. Pressure
A. uplift C. Heat
B. trench D. Density
C. subduction 603. Which of the following is NOT released

when a volcano erupts?
D. none of the above
A. ash
598. Which processes need to happen to form B. lava
an igneous rock?
C. steam or hot gases
A. weathering and erosion
D. magma
B. compaction and cementation
604. Where two tectonic plates meet.
C. heat and pressure
A. Plate Boundary
D. melting and cooling
B. Mantle
599. Which evidence supports Wegener’s con- C. Crust
tinental drift hypothesis?
D. Core
A. the buildup of sediment along continen-
tal margins 605. Earth’s lithospheric plates at a rate of a
few every year.
B. meteorite impact craters in continen-
tal crust A. centimeters
C. similar fossils found on opposite sides B. miles

of an ocean C. kilometers
D. none of above D. yards

1.12 tectonics 136
606. What was the problem with Wegener’s 612. Where do volcanoes come from?
hypothesis?
A. Places where plates move apart
A. Not enough supporting data.
B. Places where plates are moving to-
B. Wegener wasn’t a geologist.
gether
C. No mechanism describing how conti-
nents move. C. Hot Spots
D. His data was flawed. D. All of these options
NARAYAN CHANGDER
607. Which layer of Earth has the GREATEST 613. the natural removal of rock or soil by wa-
density? ter, wind, or ice
A. crust
A. erosion
B. mantle
B. weathering
C. outer core
C. deposition
D. inner core
D. ice wedging
608. Rain washing away soil from a hillside
A. Weathering 614. The tectonic plate on which Florida sits is
B. Erosion fairly large. What is the name of this tec-
tonic plate?
C. Deposition
D. none of above A. Pacific Plate
609. Seafloor Spreading occurs at a B. African Plate

A. convergent boundary C. North American Plate
B. divergent boundary D. South American Plate
615. At which type of boundary do two plates
D. continental boundary
move away from each other?
610. How does the age of the seafloor sed-
iments change with increasing distance
from the ocean ridge? B. convergent boundary
A. age decreases C. transform boundary
B. age stays the same D. none of above
C. age increases
D. age varies without a pattern 616. What is the shaking and trembling that
results from movement of rock beneath
611. Which layer is considered the thinnest Earth’s surface?
layer?
A. Volcanoes
A. Mesosphere
B. Earthquakes
B. Core
C. Mantle C. Plate tectonics
D. Crust D. none of above

1.12 tectonics 137
617. The fact that similar fossils are found on C. ocean-ocean

both sides of the ocean is evidence of D. ocean-mountain

A. magnetic reversal.
623. Why is the distance between Europe
B. global positioning. and North America slowly increasing each
C. continental drift. year?
D. oceanic drift. A. tectonic plate movement
B. . erosion of the mountains
618. What is a physical classification of the
outer core (hint:state of matter)? C. severe earthquakes
A. gas D. the curvature of Earth
B. solid 624. Magma that reaches the surface of the

Earth is called:
C. liquid
A. magma
D. plasma
B. lava
619. Subduction can cause a chain of moun- C. hot-spot
tains to form along a plate boundary. An
example of this is D. hot-solid rock
A. the Himalayas 625. What shows magnetic reversals on each

side of a ridge as lava hardens?
B. the Andes
A. geologic record
C. the Appalachian Mountains
B. magnetic striping
D. Mt. Everest
C. sea-floor spreading
620. The device that measures seismic waves D. radioactive dating
from earthquakes is called a(n):
A. Cell phone 626. What happens when thin oceanic crust
and thick continental crust push against
B. Pangaea each other?
C. Seismograph A. They slip down to lower mantle to-
D. Sonar gether.
B. The oceanic crust slips below the con-
621. Gaps in rock records made when agents
tinental crust.
of erosion remove existing rock layers
C. They both rise up.
A. Uniformitarianism
D. The continental crust slips below the
B. Transform oceanic crust.
C. Unconformity
627. Which of the following occurs because of
D. Convergent convection currents?
622. The Himalayas were created along a A. Tectonic plates on the crust move.
convergent boundary. B. The mantle increases in size.
A. continent-continent C. Pressure in the crust increases.
B. ocean-continent D. Pressure in the crust decreases.

1.12 tectonics 138
628. Scientists think that the movement of 634. The features that form at a plate bound-
Earth’s tectonic plates are caused by con- ary depend on
vection currents, that are located in the A. the temperature of the plate
?
B. what kind of plate boundary it is
A. outer core
C. the continent the plate is closest to
B. inner core
D. the depth of the ocean above that plate
C. mantle
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above 635. The mechanism that moves continents is
based on heat energy moving by
629. Tectonic plates that are spreading or
pulling apart. A. Radiation in the core
A. Convergent B. Conduction in the lithosphere
B. divergent C. Convection in the Asthenosphere
C. transform D. None of these options is true
D. merging 636. What is the name of Alfred Wegener’s hy-
630. This land formation occurs at a divergent pothesis about moving landmasses?
continental/ continental boundary. A. continental movement
A. mid ocean ridge B. plate tectonics
B. deep ocean trench C. continental drift
C. pacific hot spot D. seafloor spreading
D. rift valley
637. The thinnest layer of the Earth is the
631. Why is the Earth’s inner core solid?
A. mantle
A. Peer Pressure
B. crust
B. High Pressure
C. core
C. Extreme Heat
D. none of above
D. Composition
638. New ocean crust continuously forms
632. The thickest layer
A. at mid-ocean ridges.
A. crust
B. where sediment is thickest
B. inner core
C. mantle C. near deep-ocean trenches.
D. outer core D. at areas of low tide.
633. An instrument used to detect and record 639. Which of the following countries lies
seismic waves is the- along the Ring of Fire?
A. telegraph A. South Africa
B. seismograph B. Norway
C. seismogram C. Japan
D. sonar D. Iran

1.12 tectonics 139
640. Supporting Evidence:discovery of Mid- A. along plate boundaries

Atlantic Ridge, core rock samples showing B. in the centers of plates
older rocks the farther that you get from

the mid ocean ridge C. above the surfaces of plates
A. Continental Drift D. in the outer regions of plates
B. Seafloor Spreading 646. Rift Valley is a feature of what plate
C. Plate Tectonics boundary?
D. none of above A. Obtrusive
B. Divergent
641. Which of the following is a result of grav-
ity in relation to moving tectonic plates? C. Transform
A. Earth’s magnetic field reverses D. Convergent
B. ridge push and slab pull 647. A is when two plates move past each
C. circulating material in the mantle other in opposite directions.
D. Earth’s internal heating A. emergent boundary

642. This kind of volcano is formed from non-
explosive eruptions, they are rounded and C. transform boundary
very wide but not steep. D. convergent boundary
A. shield volcano 648. The youngest rock in the ocean floor are
B. cinder cone volcano located at the
C. composite volcano A. magnetic field
D. none of above B. magma field
643. Mountains are formed when two C. mid-ocean ridge
A. continental plates separate. D. mid-land ridge
B. oceanic plates separate. 649. What type of boundary creates a new

C. continental plates collide. seafloor?
D. oceanic plates collide. A. convergent continental to continental

B. convergent ocean to continental
644. The evidence is in , where coastlines
and mountain ranges appear to fit to- C. convergent ocean to ocean
gether like a puzzle all over the world D. divergent
A. Continental drift 650. what process occurs at an ocean trench
B. Plate Tectonics where continental and oceanic crust
C. The Rock Cycle meet?
D. Divergent boundaries A. uprising of convection currents

B. subduction of the oceanic plate
645. According to the theory of plate tecton-
ics, where would earthquakes and volcanic C. seafloor spreading
eruptions most likely occur? D. subduction of the continental plate

1.12 tectonics 140
651. What is the name for the crust and the C. subduction
upper mantle? D. convection
A. lithosphere
657. The portion of Earth underneath the
B. asthenosphere crust containing the asthenosphere and the
C. mesosphere mesosphere is the
D. atmosphere A. mantle
B. core
652. What type of volcano is made of lava
NARAYAN CHANGDER
fragments that have been ejected from a C. tsunmi
volcanic vent? D. magma
A. Caldera
658. What is the type of plate boundary that
B. Cinder Cone exists between two oceanic plates as they
C. Composite Volcano spread apart?
D. Shield Volcano A. Convergent
B. Divergent
653. What is an area where material from
deep within the mantle rises and then C. Subductive
melts, forming magma? D. Transform
A. hot spot 659. The process by which igneous rocks are
B. lithosphere formed
C. transform boundary A. heat and pressure
D. none of above B. melting and cooling
654. What type of volcano is Kilauea, which is C. compaction and cementation

located in Hawaii? D. none of above
A. Caldera 660. The Atlantic Ocean has a large mid-ocean
B. Cinder Cone ridge. New seafloor continuously forms at
this ridge.What will happen to the Atlantic
C. Composite Volcano
Ocean over long periods of time?
D. Shield Volcano
A. It will stay the same.
655. A rift valley is evidence of a B. It will get wider.
A. convergent boundary C. It will move toward the west.
B. divergent boundary. D. It will get smaller.
C. transform boundary.
661. One of the fossils Wegener used to sup-
D. uniform boundary. port his hypothesis of continental drift
was
656. What occurs when two plates come to-
gether and the denser one is forced under A. Glossopteris
back into the mantle? B. Trilobite
A. reduction C. insects in tree amber
B. conduction D. ammonite molds

1.12 tectonics 141
662. A place where two plates slip past each 668. Earth’s crust and part of the upper mantle
other, moving in opposite directions, is are broken into sections called
known as a

A. plates
B. mantle
B. divergent boundary.
C. convergent boundary. C. core
D. rift valley. D. inner core
663. Who suggested the Continental Drift the- 669. What types of ocean life is found near
ory? mid-ocean ridge
A. Aldrin Weiner
A. a few types of fish that can withstand
B. Alfred Wegener the pressure
C. George Williams B. nothing
D. IDK
C. sharks and dolfins
664. What do contour lines that are farther
D. none of above
apart represent?
A. waterfall 670. is the theory that pieces of Earth’s
B. steep area lithosphere are in constant motion, driven
by convection currents in the mantle.
C. gentle slope
D. river A. Seismic waves
665. Scientists use a machine called a(n) B. Convection current

to study earthquatkes. C. Divergent boundary
A. Pangaea
D. Plate tectonics
B. seismograph
C. anticline 671. Which form of information is used for sci-
entists to learn about the Earth’s layers?
D. magnitude
A. a drill that goes to the center
666. A break in Earth’s crust along which rocks
move is called a B. Seismic waves from earthquakes
A. plate C. maps that previous scientists left
B. rift D. use of robots to travel to the center
C. fault
D. breach 672. A is a valley that forms where two
plates move apart.
667. Subduction occurs when
A. Fissure
A. plates collide and mountains form
B. Rift valley
B. one plate oges under another
C. magma comes up at mid-ocean ridge C. Sea-floor spreading
D. none of above D. Fault

1.12 tectonics 142
673. The solid layer with plasticity in the up- C. transform

per mantle; tectonic plates “float” and
D. subductive
move on this layer.
A. Asthenosphere 679. If you traveled from the center of Earth
B. Lithospere to the surface, the pressure would
C. Mantle A. increase
D. Crust B. decrease
NARAYAN CHANGDER
674. What happens in a liquid or gas when C. stay the same
the warmer parts rise and the cooler parts D. unsure
sink.
A. Subduction 680. What happens to temperature as you go
B. Erosion deeper in the Earth?
C. Deposition A. decreases
D. Convection B. increases
675. The process by which the ocean floor C. fluctuates

sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and D. remains the same
back into the mantle, is called:
A. Divergence 681. Subduction zones are located at these
plate boundaries
B. Convergence
A. transform
C. Subduction
D. Transformation B. convergent
C. divergent
676. Where do the majority of volcanoes and
earthquakes occur? D. strike-slip
A. Mid-ocean ridges
682. Which of the following is NOT evidence
B. Tectonic Plate Boundaries to support the theory of plate tectonics?
C. The ring of fire A. Fossils
D. California
B. Mountains
677. The hottest layer C. Glaciers
A. crust
D. Sand Erosion
B. inner core
C. mantle 683. the act or process by which wind or wa-
ter sets down sediment
D. outer core
A. sedimentation
678. This type of plate boundary is when two
plates slide past each other. B. erosion
A. covergent C. deposition
B. divergent D. weathering

1.12 tectonics 143
684. Fault lines are large cracks on the Earth’s C. may sway or collapse
crust. These are formed when two tectonic D. are never damaged
plates rub ( moved side by side) against

each other. What plate boundary formed 690. What is the difference between continen-
these fault lines? tal crust and oceanic crust?
A. convergent boundary A. Continental crust is thinner.
B. divergent boundary B. Oceanic crust moves easily. Continen-
C. transform boundary tal crust does not move.
D. seismic boundary C. Continental crust moves easily.
Oceanic crust does not move.
685. Where does magma form? D. Oceanic crust is thinner.
A. Crust
691. What type of lava cools slowly and forms
B. Upper mantle
rock with smooth, ropelike features?
C. Upper mantle and crust
A. Aa
D. Asthenosphere
B. Magma
686. What happens to pressure as we move C. Pahoehoe
from the crust to the inner core?
D. Pillow Lava
A. Pressure Decreases
692. Which type of boundary creates an earth-
B. Pressure Increases
quake?
C. Nothing
A. transform
D. none of above
B. divergent
687. What is the name of the layer of hot, soft C. convergent
material on which the tectonic plates are
D. tectonic
floating?
A. core 693. Melted rock underground is also called
B. crust A. lava
C. divergence B. magma
D. asthenosphere C. rock soup
688. During sea floor spreading, molten mate- D. lithosphere

rial rises up from the mantle 694. Which of the following statements is
A. along the continents false?
B. at the mid ocean ridges A. Continental crust is less dense than
C. deep ocean trenches oceanic crust.
D. at north and south poles B. Continental crust is made of granite.

C. Continental crust is younger than
689. During a major earthquake, buildings oceanic crust.
A. always remain standing D. Continental crust is thicker than
B. do not move oceanic crust.

1.12 tectonics 144
695. The best evidence that the continents 700. What type of boundary occurs when two
were once connected is that they have plates move toward each other?
matching A. convergent
A. Weather, fossils, and Rock Types B. divergent
B. Rock types, fossils, coastlines C. transform
C. Coastlines, weather, rock types D. lateral
D. Coastlines, weather, fossils
NARAYAN CHANGDER
696. Which of these pairs are part of the plates slide past each other?
cryosphere? A. divergent
A. Rain and Snow B. transform
B. Permafrost and Icebergs C. lateral
C. Glaciers and lakes D. convergent
D. Arctic ice sheet and rainfall 702. This layer is the most dense in compari-
son to the other layers.
697. A transform boundary where one tectonic
plate slides past another, is likely to result A. Crust
in which of the following? B. Mantle
A. frequent earthquakes C. Inner Core
B. rift valley formation D. Outer Core
C. intense weathering 703. Mid-ocean ridges are an example of
D. mountain building which type of plate boundary?
A. Convergent
698. What evidence did Wegener use in his
theory? B. Divergent
A. Continents and fossils fitting C. Transform
together/matching-up like puzzle pieces D. Sea-floor spreading
B. glacier scars and evidence from tem- 704. What is a tectonic plate?
perature
A. A large chunk of the ocean floor.
C. mountain ranges and coal deposits
line up across continents B. A large chunk of crust and upper man-
tle.
D. all of the above
C. A large chunk of the lower mantle.
699. Over 75% of the world’s volcanoes and D. A large chunk of Earth below a conti-
many of the world’s major earthquakes nent.
happen along the
705. proposed by Alfred Wegener, that the
A. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
continents were once joined together and
B. continental drift have since drifted apart
C. Antarctic Coast A. theory of plate tectonics
D. Ring of Fire B. tectonic plates

1.12 tectonics 145
C. plate boundary 711. What kind of plate boundary occurs

where two plates grind past each other
D. theory of continental drift
without destroying or producinglitho-

sphere?
706. Why is it important to be aware of places
prone to earthquakes? A. convergent
A. to identify what crop must be stored B. transform
C. divergent
B. to identify when to evacuate
D. none of above
C. to locate where to stay best
712. What are underwater mountain ranges
D. to perform necessary precautions called?
707. Plates are not created or destroyed:They A. boundaries
just pass by each other. B. mid-ocean ridges
A. Converge C. rift valleys
B. Diverge D. none of above
C. Transform 713. Which city is most likely to experience a

strong earthquake?
D. none of above
A. Los Angeles
708. melted, liquid rock that reaches Earth’s B. Chicago
surface C. New York
A. metamorphic rock D. Miami
B. magma 714. The shapes of continental coastlines were
C. igneous rock one of the main pieces of evidence that
supported the hypothesis of
D. lava A. seafloor spreading
709. Where is the point at which the first B. ridge push
movement occurs during an earthquake? C. slab pull
A. Epicenter D. plate tectonics
B. Focus 715. The oceanic crust is made of ?
C. Fault A. Granite
B. Basalt
D. Plate
C. Cookies
710. What are convergent boundaries? D. Water
A. Plates that are separating 716. Earth’s solid, rocky surface is the
B. plates that are sliding past eachother A. crust
C. plates that are colliding with ea- B. mantle
chother C. core
D. none of above D. fault

1.12 tectonics 146
717. The Himalayas are formed because of 723. What is the heat source for convection in
what kind of plate movement? the mantle?
A. a continental plate being subducted un- A. the Crust
der another B. the Mantle
B. two plates moving apart C. the Core
C. two continental plates colliding D. none of above
D. two plates sliding past one another
NARAYAN CHANGDER
724. What type of rock can contain fossils?
718. A Plate Boundary where two plates A. igneous
move toward each other is called
B. fraggle
A. Convergent Boundary
C. metamorphic
D. sedimentary
C. Transform Boundary
D. Subduction 725. What are the deepest places on Earth
formed by pushing oceanic crust under con-
719. Which of these is an example of erosion tinental crust?
A. Light Shinning onto a mountain A. mid-ocean ridges
B. Rain breaking down rock B. rift valleys
C. Wind blowing away sediment C. trenches
D. All of the above D. mountain ranges
720. Who developed the continental drift hy- 726. Associated with transform boundaries.
pothesis A. Volcanoes
A. Harry Hess B. mountains
B. Alfred Wegener C. trenches
C. Benedict Arnold D. earthquakes
D. Norman H. Dinglhower
727. A divergent boundary occurs where two
721. Mountains form from plates move in which of the following
A. plates sliding past one another ways?
B. collision of plates A. toward each other
C. plates moving away from each other B. away from each other
D. none of above C. past each other

D. over each other
722. Cycling of material due to the differences
in density is called 728. Where do we get new crust forming?
A. conduction A. Mid Ocean Ridges
B. convection B. Trenches
C. radiation C. Earthquakes
D. mantle heating D. Subduction zones

1.12 tectonics 147
729. What happens at transform boundaries 735. Fossils of species that existed for short
A. mountains periods and were widespread

B. trenches A. Original remains
C. volcanoes B. Trace
D. earthquakes C. Permineralized
730. The idea that continents were once part D. Index
of a single landmass that broke apart and-
moved 736. A break in the Earth’s surface along which
A. Continental Drift rocks can move is called:
B. Tectonic Plates A. rift valley
C. Transform B. mountain
D. none of above
C. fault
731. What theory explains why the tectonic
D. tsunami
plates have been moving over time?
A. Continental Drift 737. The mantle of Earth is made partly of
B. Plate Tectonics magma. When magma rises and sinks, this
is called
C. Geologic Columns
D. Pangaea A. a conduction current
732. A German scientist Alfred Wegener was B. a hot spot

the first to hypothesize that C. a volcanic eruption
A. Continents were once joined
D. a convection current
B. The sea floor is spreading
C. Continents are moving 738. A mid ocean ridge occurs at which plate
boundary?
D. The Earth’s magnetic pole flips
A. Convergent boundary
733. is when two plates move toward
each other. B. Divergent boundary
A. Convergent boundary C. Transform boundary
B. Allegiant boundary D. none of above
C. Transform boundary
D. Sliding boundary 739. The theory stating the continents were
once joined in a large mass that broke
734. Where two tectonic plates slide past each apart.
other.
C. transform boundary C. Plate Tectonics
D. plate boundary D. Pangaea

1.12 tectonics 148
740. What causes the tectonic plates to 746. Which feature forms at convergent
move? boundaries?
A. convection of magma A. trench
B. the earth’s magnetic field B. rift valley
C. the earth spinning C. mountain range
D. earth’s gravitational pull D. mid-ocean ridge
741. What was the name of the super conti- 747. A smaller, narrow volcano with steep
NARAYAN CHANGDER
nent that existed 250 million years ago? slopes that has been formed by explosive
eruptions.
A. Pangea
A. Composite Volcano
B. Eurasia
B. Shield Volcano
C. Wegenerland
C. Fissure Volcano
D. Disneyland
742. What can happen when tectonic plates
move a few centimeters? 748. How do Geologists classify volcanic erup-
tions?
A. The atmosphere can become cooler.
A. Quiet or Explosive
B. Whole continents can move.
B. Dormant or Extinct
C. The ozone layer can thicken.
C. Active or Non active
D. The moon can move closer to Earth.
D. none of above
743. Where do the majority of the Earth’s vol-
749. Heat transfer within a fluid takes place
canoes and earthquakes occur?
by
A. Around the Atlantic Ocean
A. convection currents
B. Around the Pacific Ocean B. radiation
C. Around Iceland C. conduction
D. Around Florida D. density
744. Features formed at divergent boundaries 750. When two plates collide and one plate
are called? slips below the other and down into the
A. mountains mantle.
B. earthquakes A. Subduction
C. rift valleys B. Erosion
D. none of above C. Deposition
D. Convection
745. What is the process of moving sediments
from location to another? 751. What are transform boundaries
A. Deposition A. plates that collide
B. Erosion B. plates that separate
C. Weathering C. plates that slide past eachother
D. Compaction D. none of above

1.12 tectonics 149
752. Which of the following evidence was not 757. Continental plates colliding can create
available to Alfred Wegener to support his
idea of continental drift originally?

A. mountains
A. magnetic striping on the ocean floor B. volcanoes
B. identical fossils on continents C. subduction zone
C. mountain ranges D. valleys
D. coastlines fit like a puzzle 758. Who is known as the “Father of Conti-
nental Drift”?
753. The layers of the Earth touching is an ex-
ample of A. Harry Hess
A. thermal energy B. Abraham Ortelius
B. radiation C. Alfred Wegner
C. convection D. John Tuzo Wilson
D. conduction 759. The thinnest layer of the Earth is called

the ?
754. Why have geologists not reached the
A. Mantle
mantle?
B. Lithosphere
A. It is too hot for humans to go there.
C. Athenosphere
B. It is too smelly for humans to go there.
D. Crust
C. It doesn’t have Wi-Fi so none of their 760. Which type of rock is formed from
instruments work. smaller pieces of rocks that have been bro-
ken down?
D. Scientists have not figured out how to
time travel. A. Sedimentary rock
B. Metamorphic rock
755. The Hawaiian islands formed from
magma in the mantle called a C. Igneous rock
A. subduction zone D. none of above
B. hot spot 761. A is a section of the lithosphere that

slowly moves over the asthenosphere, car-
C. caldera
rying large slabs of continental and oceanic
D. mid-ocean ridge crust.
756. What starts a convection current in the A. wedge

Earth’s mantle? B. plate
A. Cold temperatures at the north pole C. chunk
B. Temperature differences in the mantle D. fault
762. What is the correct order of the pro-

C. Iron-rich rocks in the mantle cesses?
D. Warm ocean water A. they all happen at the same time

1.12 tectonics 150
B. erosion, weathering, deposition 768. The first seismic wave to be detected is

C. weathering, erosion, deposition the-
A. P wave
D. weathering, deposition, erosion
B. S wave
763. The dense, solid center of Earth, made of
C. Surface wave
iron and nickel.
D. Body wave
A. Inner Core
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Mantle 769. The cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and
sinking is called
C. Crust
A. convection currents
D. Outer Core
B. water cycle
764. Sections of the Earth’s crust that move C. Earth cycle
due to convection currents.
D. tension force
A. Plate Boundary
770. The theory that the lithosphere is broken
B. Subduction Zone up into large plates that move and then
C. Tectonic Plates rejoin; considered the unifying theory of
D. Continental Drift Theory geology
A. Sea Floor Spreading
765. Which of the following is NOT a tectonic
B. Plate Tectonic Theory
boundary?
C. Continental Drift Theory
A. Convergent
D. Plate of Plate Theory
B. Divergent
C. Sedergent 771. Which type of plate boundary would
cause mountains to form?
D. Transform
A. Transform
766. a part of the Earth’s crust where two tec- B. Convergent
tonic plates are moving away from each
C. Divergent
other
D. Reform
A. tectonic plates
B. transform boundary 772. Which layer of the earth is in the very
center?
C. divergent boundary
A. Crust
B. Mantle
767. The process for new oceanic lithosphere C. Outer Core
forming at mid ocean ridges
D. Inner Core
773. Where is the point on the Earth’s sur-
face directly above the focus of an earth-
C. Plate Tectonics quake?
D. Pangaea A. Epicenter

1.12 tectonics 151
B. Fault C. sediments accumulate on the ocean

C. Hypocenter floor
D. hot, less dense material is forced up to

D. Tremor
Earth’s surface
774. Describe how scientist make maps of the
779. What geologic feature is most likely to
ocean floor
form at a divergent boundary?
A. spare submarines A. delta
B. Sonar waves that bounce off of the B. rift valley
floors and other obsticles
C. trench
C. Athen waves move and here ocean life
D. I don’t know
D. none of above 780. Cool, rigid, outermost layer of Earth that

is divided into enormous pieces called tec-
775. , occuring in the mantle, are thought tonic plates; consists of the crust and the
to be the force behind plate tectonics. rigid uppermost part of the mantle.
A. fire A. Lithosphere
B. subduction zone B. Asthenosphere
C. weather currents C. Mantle
D. convection curents D. Atmosphere
781. the shaking of Earth’s crust caused by un-
776. the slow and constant movement of
derground vibrations
Earth’s plates
A. tsunami
A. create a transform boundary.
B. earthquake
B. cause earthquakes to occur.
C. volcanic eruption
C. Has not changed Earth’s surface
D. continental drift
D. Has changed Earth’s surface.
782. a single continent made up of all of
777. What type of boundary creates deep Earth’s landmass long ago
ocean trenches and volcanoes? A. North America
A. Convergent-oceanic and continental B. Pangaea
B. Divergent-oceanic and oceanic C. continental drift
C. Transform-continental and continental D. tectonic plates
783. Scientists have identified five physical
D. Convergent-continental and continen- layers that compose Earth. Which layer is
tal the slow-flowing lower part of the man-
778. Sea floor spreading occurs because.. tle?
A. outer core
A. new material is added to the astheno-
sphere B. lithosphere
B. earthquakes break apart the ocean C. mesosphere
floor D. asthenosphere

1.12 tectonics 152
784. Early observers thought continents may C. Plate Tectonics

have been joined based on what observa-
D. Tectonic Plates
tions
A. rocks and fossils 790. Plates that move apart (divide) are
B. earthquakes. called:
C. magnetism. A. Convergent
D. coastline B. Divergent
NARAYAN CHANGDER
785. Which is true about hotter material in the C. Transform
mantle? D. Plate motion
A. more dense, sinks
791. Where are most earthquakes and volca-
B. less dense, sinks noes formed?
C. less dense, rises A. In the middle of the continents
D. more dense, rises
B. Along the edges of tectonic plates
786. An ocean trench will form at this type of C. Along the equator
boundary.
D. Near the North and South poles
A. continental-oceanic
B. continental-continental 792. What is the term for a heavier, denser
C. divergent plate sliding under a less dense plate?
D. transform A. submersion
B. plate boundary
787. Plates move away from one another at
boundaries. C. acceleration
A. divergent D. subduction
B. transform
793. Pangaea was an ancient supercontinent
C. convergent made up of
D. submergent A. America, Greenland, and Europe.
788. How old is the Earth based on radioactive B. Antarctica, India, and America.
dating?
C. all of Earth’s continents.
A. 4.6 Billion years old
D. South Africa, India, Australia, and
B. 5 Trillion years old South America.
C. 4 Thousand years old
794. Which theory describes the motion of the
D. 900 Million years old
force driving Earth’s Plates?
789. The theory that states that the Earth is A. continental drift
divided into plates that float and move in
slow, constant motion. B. plate tectonics
A. Continental Drift C. first law of motion
B. Seafloor Spreading D. third law of motion

1.12 tectonics 153
795. Sea-floor spreading adds more to the B. Shield Volcano

ocean floor.
C. Fissure Volcano

A. Inner core
B. Water
C. Mantle 801. Which of the following is not formed at a
divergent boundary?
D. Crust
A. Earthquake
796. What type of boundary exists when 2
B. Mid-ocean Ridge
plates are pulling apart?
C. Volcanic Mountains
A. Convergent
B. Transform D. Rift
C. Obtrusive 802. Plates slide past each other at bound-

D. Divergent aries.
A. divergent
797. Which geologic feature is most likely to
form at a mid ocean ridge? B. convergent
A. peninsula C. transform
B. volcano D. universal
C. delta
803. Supporting Evidence:subduction, earth-
D. plateau quakes, volcanoes, Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
798. What is the type of plate boundary that older theories
exists between two plates that rub along- A. Continental Drift
side one another?
A. Convergent
C. Plate Tectonics
B. Divergent
D. none of above
C. Transform
D. Subductive 804. Where is Earth’s heat energy most con-
centrated?
799. At some plate boundaries, one of the tec-
A. The mantle
tonic plates moves under the other plate.
What is this process called? B. The lithosphere
A. Reduction. C. The core
B. Subduction. D. The crust
C. Convection.
805. This layer is completely liquid
D. Induction.
A. crust
800. A wide volcano with gentle slopes that
B. inner core
has been formed by quiet, runny lava
flows. C. mantle
A. Composite Volcano D. outer core

1.12 tectonics 154
806. The geological theory of states that C. Divergent

pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in con-
D. Subduction
stant, slow motion.
A. subduction 812. Oceanic plates are pushed down into the
B. plate tectonics upper mantle in
C. deep-ocean trenches A. convection currents

D. sea-floor spreading B. divergent boundaries
NARAYAN CHANGDER
807. The coolest layer C. subduction zones
A. crust D. strike slip faults

B. inner core 813. Waves dropping sand on the beach
C. mantle
A. Weathering
D. outer core
B. Erosion
808. A giant “super continent” that existed C. Deposition
300 million years ago was called:
D. none of above
A. Asia
B. Pacific 814. P waves travel at 6.1 km/s. Calculate
C. Pangaea how many seconds it takes a p wave to
travel 925 km. (time = distance / speed)
D. Antarctica
A. Not enough information
809. As you get farther from the mid ocean
B. 0.007 seconds
ridge, the floor gets
A. Younger C. 135.2 seconds
B. The same D. 151.6 seconds
C. Older 815. Created by a divergent boundary.

D. none of above A. Rocky Mountains
810. The plate movement where the weight of B. Mariana Trench
a dense subducting plate pulls the trailing
slab into a subduction zone. C. Mid Atlantic ridge
A. convection currents D. none of above

B. ridge push 816. Most geologists think that the movement
C. slab pull of Earth’s plates is caused by
D. ridge pull A. gravity.
811. What type of boundary is made when 2 B. Earth’s magnetic field.

plates slide past each other C. convection currents in the astheno-
A. Transform sphere.
B. Convergent D. subduction.

1.12 tectonics 155
817. What are divergent boundaries 823. Choose the answer that best completes
A. plates that serparate the sentence.The continents are slowly but
constantly changing in location , the

B. plates that collide continents used to form a single land-
C. plates that slide paste eachother mass called Pangaea but gradually drifted
D. none of above apart.
A. For example
818. The land mass where all of the continents
were once together in one large continent B. Currently
is called C. Including
A. Laurasia. D. Above all
B. Pangaea.
824. What is the hottest layer of the Earth?
C. Eurasia.
A. inner core
D. Gondwana.
B. lithosphere
819. Over millions of years, folds can
C. crust
A. form mountains and valleys
D. mantle
B. cause volcanic eruptions
C. become sinkholes 825. The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the
Mid-Ocean Ridge were all created by this
D. create new continents
boundary
820. A boy touches a hot cup and burns his fin- A. Divergent
ger. This is an example of
B. Convergent
A. Radiation
C. Reform
B. Conduction
D. Transform
C. Convection
D. Convection Current 826. What type of boundary occurs when two
plates move away from each other?
821. What is the deepest layer of the Earth a
person has ever gotten to? A. transform
A. the crust B. subduction

B. the upper mantle C. convergent
C. the mantle D. divergent
D. the outer core 827. Earth is made of different layers that
822. New crust is created at this type of have varying characteristics. Which is the
boundary. thickest layer?
A. Divergent A. the mantle
B. Convergent, Subduction Zone B. the inner core
C. Transform C. the outer core
D. none of above D. the crust

1.12 tectonics 156
828. When tectonic plates move apart 834. The area where an oceanic plate goes
A. convergence down below the mantle is called a
B. divergence A. magnometer
C. transform B. submarine zone
D. none of above C. submerge zone
829. Wind blowing sand from one location to D. subduction zone
NARAYAN CHANGDER
another
835. Principle that states in a sequence of
A. Weathering
undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on
B. Erosion the bottom and the rocks become progres-
C. Deposition sively younger toward the top
D. none of above A. Half-Life
830. Which theory states that the Earth’s B. Superposition

lithosphere is broken into plates that move C. Uniformitarianism
by convection currents in the mantle?
D. Convection Current
A. Continental Drift Theory
B. Theory of Plate Tectonics 836. These waves move along Earth’s surface
C. Big Bang Theory & cause the most damage
D. Theory of Evolution A. Surface waves
831. What is the largest tectonic plate? B. Primary waves
A. North American C. Secondary waves

B. Pacific D. D waves
C. Antarctic
837. What main landform is created at a sub-
D. Eurasian duction zone when the plate that is sub-
ducted begins to melt?
832. When an oceanic plate and a continental
plate collide, which one will subduct? A. Mountains
A. oceanic B. Volcanoes
B. continental C. Cracks
C. neither
D. Trenches
D. none of above
838. The way in which energy during an earth-
833. is a plate boundary where two plates
quake travels through the earth.
move away from each other.
A. Fault
A. Convergent boundary
B. Transform boundary B. Epicenter
C. Divergent boundary C. Seismic Waves
D. Insurgent boundary D. Focus

1.12 tectonics 157
839. a part of the Earth’s crust where two tec- 845. What does Pangea mean?
tonic plates are moving toward each other A. Big Land

A. tectonic plates B. All Earth
B. transform boundary C. Broken Land
C. divergent boundary D. none of above
846. The Theory of Continental Drift and the
840. Complete the sentence. In a divergent Theory of Sea-Floor Spreading were com-
boundary, bined to form what theory?
A. two plates slide past each other A. Theory of Plate Tectonics
B. one plate moves under another B. Theory of Pangea
C. two plates rise high up together C. Theory of Convection Movement
D. two plates move away from each other D. none of above
841. Earth’s plates are 847. Where have great amounts of volcanic ac-
tivity been found to be concentrated?
A. constantly moving and changing the
face of the earth A. along seashores
B. Never moves B. near magnetic poles
C. Moves seldom and very fast C. near plate boundaries
D. Moves when it feels like it D. at high elevations
842. Tectonic plates that are sliding past each 848. Which of the following was not included
other. in Wegener’s supporting evidence?
A. Divergent A. Animal fossils found on multiple conti-
nents.
B. Convergent
B. Plant fossils found on arctic islands
C. Transform
C. New seafloor being made at the mid-
D. collusion
ocean ridge
843. Oceanic plates at a divergent boundary D. Identical geological make-up on differ-
would create ent continents
A. hurricanes
849. what forms when continents collide
B. tsunamis A. nothing
C. mid ocean ridges B. solid rock
D. mountains C. mountains, volcanos, and islands
844. Divergent Plate movement can create D. none of above
A. Convection Currents 850. What type of boundary creates a volcanic
B. Conduction islands?
C. Mountains A. convergent ocean ocean
D. Rifts and ocean ridges B. convergent ocean continental

1.12 tectonics 158
C. convergent continental continental 856. magma rises to become new oceanic crust
D. divergent when.
A. two plates meet and collide
851. This layer of the Earth is the most dense:
B. one plate grinds against another plate
A. crust
B. mantle C. two plates separate and move apart
C. outer core from one another
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. inner core D. none of above
852. Convergent Plate Movement can create 857. Which of the following best describes the
location of the mantle?
A. Rifts
A. Above the crust
B. Mountains
B. Between the crust and the lithosphere
C. Ocean Ridges
D. Radiation
C. Between the crust and the core
853. Movement between the Pacific plate and D. Beneath the core
the North American plate create the San
Andreas Fault in California. What type of 858. This is what happens at a divergent plate
motion is occurring? boundary when new crust comes up from
within the Earth and pushes the older crust
A. Convergent
to the outside:
B. Divergent
A. Ocean ridge
C. Transform
B. Sea-floor spreading
D. Subduction
C. Magnetic strip
854. Which TWO landforms occur when a con- D. Molten
tinental plate and an oceanic plate hit each
other? 859. Earth’s lithosphere is broken into pieces
called:
A. Volcanoes on land and Volcanic Is-
lands A. crust
B. Volcanoes on land and Deep Sea B. rock
Trench C. plates
C. Volcanoes on land and Mountains D. fault
D. Rift Valley and Mid Ocean Ridge
860. Geologists obtain indirect evidence about
855. What layer in the earth’s mantle do the Earth’s interior by
plates slide over? A. measuring pressure at the surface
A. Athenosphere B. studying seismic waves
B. slidysphere C. drilling through each layer
C. converdysphere D. estimation of temperature in the lay-
D. none of above ers

1.12 tectonics 159
861. A break in the rock created by pressure C. subduction

and movement in the rock.
D. none of above

A. Fault
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge 867. The San Andreas fault is an example of
what type of boundary?
C. Ocean Trench
A. Convergent
D. Focus
B. Transform
862. Wegener’s evidence supports his theory
of a super continent that he named? C. Divergent
A. Ultima D. Volcanoes
B. Pangaea 868. This layer is solid
C. Plate Tectonics
A. crust
D. Continental Drift
B. asthenosphere
863. Mountains are examples of these type of C. mantle
boundary:
D. outer core
A. Transform
B. Divergent 869. The longest mountain chain in the world,
C. Convergent the mid-Atlantic ridge, was produced by
which boundary?
D. Trenches
A. divergent
864. The theory of continental drift states that
B. allegiant
all the continents were once part of one big
landmass called Pangaea. Who was the C. convergent
scientist that came up with this theory?
D. transform
A. Harry Hess
B. Bill Nye 870. What is the Lithosphere
C. Alfred Wegener A. The whole mantle

D. Albert Einstein B. The crust and upper mantle
865. Continental drift occurs because of C. The inner and outter core.
A. sea floor spreading D. The outter core and crust.

B. earthquakes 871. This theory states that Earth’s plates
C. magnetic reversal move on top of the mantle at a slow and
constant rate due to convection currents
D. fossils
A. plate tectonics
866. A is a well tested concept that ex-
plains a wide range of observations. B. continental drift
A. Theory of Plate Tectonics C. seafloor spreading
B. scientific theory D. pangaea

1.12 tectonics 160
872. What is the name of the plate boundary 878. In the 1940’s, during World War II,
that separates? Harry Hess began mapping the ocean floor,
A. convergent what was his first major discovery?
B. divergent A. Rift
C. transform B. Deep-sea trenches
D. none of above C. Seamounts
873. When a volcano erupts, the force of the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Mid-ocean ridge
expanding pushes magma from the
magma chamber through the main vent. 879. In his theory of continental drift, Alfred
A. rock Wegener proposed that
B. gases A. the continents were once joined to-
C. crater gether in one land mass
D. water B. the continents are all moving together
and will soon collide
874. is the only type of wave that travels
on the outermost layer of the Earth. C. the continents are floating around on
A. surface wave a large ocean
B. primary wave D. Earth is expanding

C. secondary wave
880. A rift valley occurs at a boundary.
D. epicenter wave
A. divergent
875. Which of the following will form if two
oceanic plates collide in their boundary? B. convergent
A. oceanic ridge C. transform
B. oceanic trench D. horizontal
C. mountain ranges
881. Plate movement is caused by
D. volcanoes
A. The rotation of the Earth
876. A break or crack in the Earth’s crust is
called a B. Ocean tides
A. plate C. Convection current in the mantle
B. fault D. The moon’s gravity
C. fold
D. crack 882. How fast do Earth’s tectonic plates
move?
877. Magma is
A. A few millimeters per year.
A. liquid minerals
B. A few kilometers per year.
B. liquid chemicals
C. liquid rock C. A few meters per year.
D. the same as lava D. A few centimeters per year.

1.12 tectonics 161
883. What type of features are associated 888. The thinnest and outermost layer of Earth
with a divergent boundary? is called

A. Rift valleys A. crust
B. Volcanic mountains B. mantle
C. Fold mountains C. outer core
D. Fault block mountains D. inner core
884. Scientists think the continents once 889. What is the outermost layer of the Earth
formed a large, single landmass that broke called?
apart, and the continents slowly drifted to A. crust
their present locations. What is the name B. inner core
given to this hypothesis?
C. mantle
A. continental rise
D. outer core
890. The Himalayan Mountains are being
C. continental shelf
formed as
D. continental slope
A. two tectonic plates move apart
885. Transform boundaries are created when B. two tectonic plates are colliding
A. two plates slide along each other in op- C. a continental plate is subducting be-
posite directions neath an oceanic plate
B. a denser plate is subducted into man- D. two tectonic plates are sliding horizon-
tle and turned into magma tally past each other
C. a mid-ocean ridge meets a deep-sea 891. Which of the following crustal features
fault would be the result of two continental
D. two plates of the same density collide plates moving away from each other?
A. Mountain range
886. The presence of the same on several
continents support the idea of continental B. volcanoes on land
drift. C. rift valley
A. fossils D. mid-ocean ridge
B. rocks 892. The crust, mantle and core are
C. climate A. Plates
D. all B. Physical Layers
887. Which layer of the earth consists of the C. Compositional Layers
crust and upper mantle? D. Boundaries
A. Lithosphere
893. Which of the following is NOT an evi-
B. Asthenosphere dence of the continental drift theory?
C. Inner core A. Mantle plumes or hot spots
D. Outer core B. Fit of the continents

1.13 natural hazards 162
C. Similar fossils on distant continents 898. Sedimentary rocks can be found

D. Widespread glacial deposits around A. near volcanoes
the world B. deep inside the earth
894. What is the term for the process by which C. near water or the on the surface of the
a heavier, denser plate slides under a less earth
dense plate? D. In magma
A. plate boundary
NARAYAN CHANGDER
899. Theory that magma rises to surface at
B. submersion mid-ocean ridge & cools to form new
seafloor
C. accretion
A. Continental drift
D. subduction
B. Plate tectonics
895. Which of the following is true of Earth’s C. Volcanoes
landmasses? D. Seafloor spreading
A. They are the upper part of the crust
900. Tectonic plates move in opposite but par-
B. They are made of a single tectonic allel directions along a fault at a(an)
plate A. mantle fault.
C. They are the densest part of the crust B. divergent plate boundary.
D. They were formed by earthquakes C. convergent plate boundary.
D. transform fault.
896. melted, liquid rock beneath Earth’s sur-
face 901. At what type of boundary do you find
A. metamorphic rock fold mountains?
B. magma A. Convergent, ocean-ocean

B. Convergent, ocean-continent
C. sedimentary rock
C. Convergent, continent-continent
D. lava
D. Divergent
897. This type of plate boundary is caused by
902. the large sheets of rock that make up
the collision of two plates:
Earth’s crust
A. Divergent A. tectonic plates
B. Convergent B. continental drift
C. Transform C. convergent boundary
D. Metamorphic D. divergent boundary
1.13 natural hazards

1. describes tornado damage B. A forest fire often causes a flood.

A. mitigate C. A hurricane often causes a flood.

B. EF scale D. none of above
C. magnitude
7. Where does the energy for a storm come
D. hurricane
from?
2. An event which causes harm and suffering A. A difference in gravity between differ-
is a ent regions of air
A. careless
B. A difference in electrical charge be-
B. disaster tween different clouds
C. purpose C. A difference in temperature between
D. response different regions of air
3. How can trees weather rocks? D. A difference in size between different

clouds
A. by blocking sunlight from reaching the
rocks 8. What happens during a landslide
B. by growing into cracks in the rocks
A. snow and ice slide down a mountain
C. by dropping leaves on the rocks
B. lots of dirt slides down a mountain
D. by preventing rainfall from reaching
the rocks C. magma explodes
4. Which of these is the best design solution D. an earthquake happens under water
for a building in an area with many earth-
quakes? 9. What is hazard risk?
A. one that is rigid and anchored to the A. Chance of being affected by a natural
ground hazard. e.g those living near the sea at
risk of flooding
B. one that hangs over a concrete core
B. Walking through your bedroom with-
C. one built on soft soil
out breaking your neck.
D. one that has many windows
C. A car running you down on the way to
5. Which is an example of a living thing caus- asda.
ing deposition?
D. none of above
A. a fish fossilizing in sediment
B. a bird eating a seed 10. A can be used to keep your house
and/electricity safe during a thunder-
C. a woodchuck dropping a rock
storm.
D. a plant growing into a rock crack
A. lightning rod
6. Which natural hazard often causes another B. roof
natural hazard?
C. tall tree
A. An earthquake often causes a drought.
D. basement

11. Natural hazards which operate inside the 17. Which of the following is a positive effect
Earth. of a wildfire?
A. interior geologic hazard A. It burns down all the trees causing
B. surface geologic hazard less oxygen to be produced in the areas
B. It spreads easily from place to place
D. other natural hazard
C. It reads your mind
NARAYAN CHANGDER
12. The machine that is used to measure seis-
mic waves is called: D. It can help our plants and animals
A. Vectorgraph
18. In order for a hurricane to form, the water
B. Seismograph must be
C. Seismologist A. Cool
D. none of above
B. Warm
13. Landslides C. Cold
A. Geologic interior D. Hot
B. Geologic surface
C. Atmospheric 19. A sudden shift in the earth’s crust
D. Other A. Earthquake
14. What does the Pacific Tsunami Warning B. Flood

System use to detect tsunamis? C. Drought
A. radio signals in the air D. none of above
B. ripples in the water
C. sensors on the ocean floor 20. Where do hurricanes form?
D. behavior of marine animals A. In a river or stream

B. Over the ocean
15. The average weather conditions over an
extended period of time is called C. At plate boundaries
A. precipitation D. Under the Earth
B. climate
21. Why is nuclear energy considered a nonre-
C. temperature
newable resource?
D. atmosphere
A. Nuclear radiation does not run out.
16. Which statement is true of earthquakes?
B. Uranium replenishes more quickly
A. All of them can be prevented. than it is being used.
B. Weak ones can be prevented. C. Uranium ore is replaced on a geologic
C. Some of them can be prevented. timescale.
D. None of them can be prevented. D. It comes from radiation from the sun.

22. Tsunamis are natural hazards.Which state- 27. When a large piece of land breaks off and
ment about these hazards are true? slides down a slope

A. They can never be detected before A. Tsunami
they reach land. B. Landslide
B. They can cause an underwater vol- C. Tornado
canic eruption .
D. Hurricane
C. They can destroy entire villages and
other structures. 28. The process of building homes, parking
lots, roads, etc. is called?
D. none of above
A. deconstruction
23. In the North Pole, you should wear B. urbanization
A. tennis shoes C. deforestation
B. a light jacket D. none of above
C. short sleeves
29. is frozen water in a thunderstorm. It
D. snow shoes causes dents, broken windows and dam-
aged roofs.
24. The difference between a natural hazard
and a natural disaster is? A. snow
A. The severity B. rain
B. the economic cost C. hail
C. A natural hazard=threat, natural dis- D. thunder

aster= damage to humans 30. a natural process or phenomenon that
D. There is no difference MAY cause widespread injury, death, and
property damage
25. What is an instrument that detects and
A. natural disaster
records waves produced by earthquakes?
(This piece of equipment can measure the B. weather hazard
magnitude of an earthquake.) C. climate hazard
A. Epicenter D. natural hazard
B. Fault 31. A thunderstorm with high probability of
C. Seismogram producing severe weather
D. Seismograph A. anvil cloud
B. mesocyclone
26. Which of the following is NOT a risk fac-
tor associated with VULNERABILITY to a C. supercell
natural disaster? D. thunderhead
A. Exposure
32. Earthquake waves proved
B. Susceptibility
A. the Earth has solid and liquid layers in-
C. Coping Capabilities side
D. Adaptive Capacities B. the ocean depth

C. magma can come through the crust C. snow and ice slide down a hill
D. none of above D. cold and warm air mix and form storm
clouds
33. Which is an example of a biological haz-
ard? 39. A natural hazard that typically occurs in
snowy environments is?
A. bushfires
A. Hurricane
B. floods
B. Tsunami
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. hailstorms
C. Avalanche
D. tropical cyclones
D. Tornado
34. The wind of hurricanes spins the clouds
40. Southern California has had the worst year
into what shape?
on record for wildfires on record in 2017.
A. squares What environmental cause most likely in-
B. circles creased the chances of wildfires catching
and spreading in the area?
C. triangles
A. drought
D. none of above
B. hurricanes
35. A barometer measures? C. landslides
A. Wind D. earthquakes
B. Earthquakes
41. Where is Tornado Alley?
C. Pressure
A. behind Y building
D. Hurricanes
B. Calilfornia
36. Severe tropical storms that form over the C. the middle of the United States
ocean are called D. the southeastern states
A. Hurricanes
42. The weather on Earth is influenced by the
B. Tsunamis oceans which store, release, and redis-
C. Floods tribute energy. The source of this energy
is-
D. none of above
A. gravitational attraction.
37. A spinning windstorm that forms over B. density differences.
warm waters in the tropical zone is a
C. solar radiation.
A. volcano.
D. chemical reactions.
B. tornado.
43. In a volcano, energy is converted into
C. tidal wave.
energy during an eruption.
D. tropical cyclone.
A. Heat, Mechanical
38. What happens during a volcano? B. Mechanical, Heat
A. magma explodes C. Nuclear, Mechanical
B. dirt and soil slide down a hill D. Heat, Nuclear

44. Where do earthquakes usually occur? 50. How high can tsunami waves reach?
A. The beach A. 2 feet

B. The mountains
B. 100, 000 feet
C. Big cities
C. 100 feet
D. Along major plate lines
D. none of above
45. What are some natural disasters?
A. A war 51. How can some of the impacts of earth-
B. hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, quakes be reduced?
tsunamis, and rain A. by building structures that can sway
C. hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, with the motion
tsunamis, and volcanoes B. by building structures that do not move
D. A very bad day with the motion
46. When magma cools it becomes C. by using satellites to monitor warning
A. Igneous buoys in the ocean
B. Metamorphic D. none of above

C. Sediment
52. Which is an example of a geomorphic haz-
D. Sedimentary rock ard?
47. This is a long-lasting snowstorm with very A. droughts
strong winds and intense snowfall.
B. landslides
A. Blizzard
C. earthquakes
B. Drought
C. Flood D. plagues
D. none of above
53. What items can help make something wa-
48. If you know a blizzard is coming, you terproof?
should buy a lot of
A. Rubber and wax
A. food and water
B. Steel and wool
B. movies and DVDs
C. Gold and Silver
C. chocolate and Skittles
D. sand and rocks D. Water and soil
49. One region of the world that is very ex- 54. Some natural disasters are predictable,
posed to volcanoes, tsunamis, and earth- but not
quakes is
A. Calm
A. the Ring of Fire.
B. Preventable
B. the North and South Pole.
C. the United States. C. Scary
D. Eastern Europe. D. none of above

55. A precursor event is something that some- 60. Natural hazards which operate on the sur-
times occurs before a natural hazard. face of the Earth.
Which of the following is NOT a precursor A. interior geologic hazard
event for a flood?
B. surface geologic hazard
A. earthquakes
B. heavy rainfall
D. other natural hazard
C. rapid snowmelt
NARAYAN CHANGDER
61. Many things can break rocks into smaller
D. high winds near the coastline particles and move them around. What
changes rocks into large, U-shaped val-
56. What measures the waves of earth-
leys?
quakes?
A. glaciers
A. seismic wave
B. heavy rain
B. seismograph
C. strong winds
C. seismology
D. winding rivers
D. a scientist
62. What does the word tsunami mean in
57. Which of the methods currently being re- Japanese?
searched to solve the drought in California
A. Harbor Wave
might actually create another environmen-
tal problem that must be solved? B. Big Storm
A. desalination C. Time to run
B. fog catching D. Underwater earthquake.
C. cloud seeding 63. What is the only event associated with

transform boundaries?
D. wastewater recycling
A. Volcanoes
58. Of the natural hazards we’ve studied, B. Subduction Zones
which is the hardest to predict when it will
occur? C. Tsunamis
A. Tsunamis D. Earthquakes
B. Volcanoes 64. Hurricane season goes from 1st to

30th
C. Cyclones or Hurricanes
A. June, October
D. Earthquakes
B. April, September
59. What happens immediately after a hurri- C. June, November
cane makes landfall?
D. May, October
A. It gets stronger
65. Hazards that occur naturally but don’t fall
B. It gets weaker
into the geologic or atmospheric hazard
C. Its winds pick up speed categories.
D. It starts hailing A. interior geologic hazard

B. surface geologic hazard 71. What do huricanes often bring?

C. atmospheric hazard A. snow

D. other natural hazard B. flooding
66. A natural hazard occurs when natural C. an eye
physical processes become: D. southern moving wind
A. dormant and inactive.
72. Which type of hazard are those which are
B. extreme and unpredictable. associated with our weather and climate?
C. scary! A. Geological
D. faster than usual. B. Atmospheric
67. A spinning windstorm that forms over C. Biological
warm waters in the tropical zone is a: D. Geomorphic
A. volcano.
73. Rapid onset, geologic surface hazard
B. tornado.
A. Earthquake
C. tidal wave.
B. Landslide
D. cyclone.
C. Volcanic eruption
68. A is a long period of time without rain.
D. Drought
A. drought
B. flood 74. Rapid onset, geologic interior hazard
C. hurricane A. Volcanic eruption

D. tsunami B. Drought
C. Landslide
69. A violently destructive windstorm occur-
ring over land D. Disease epidemic
A. Hurricane 75. Do floods occur on the surface of the earth
B. Sand storm or the interior?
C. Tornado A. interior
D. Thunder storm B. surface
70. Do earthquakes occur on the surface of the C. Ms. Rogers is cool

earth or the interior? D. none of above
A. interior
76. Tornadoes occur in what other weather
B. surface event?
C. Ms. Rogers is cooler than Mr. Brans- A. Snow Storm
ford (jk that’s the biggest lie ever and
B. Thunderstorm
reading this answer just slowed you down
hahahha) C. Ice Storm
D. none of above D. Frozen Fog

77. A natural hazard occurs when natural C. Time

physical processes become
D. All of these are predictable
A. dormant and inactive.
B. extreme and unpredictable. 83. A hurricane destroyed a coastal town. Af-
terward, the town was rebuilt. Which
C. scary! term describes the rebuilding process after
D. faster than usual. a natural disaster?
78. Which of these natural disasters can hu- A. response
NARAYAN CHANGDER
mans prevent or eliminate? B. recovery
A. Tsunamis C. mitigation
B. Volcanoes
D. preparation
C. Humans cannot prevent natural disas-
ters 84. This scale is used to measure tornadoes.
D. Earthquakes A. Moment Magnitude Scale
79. In the story A Dry Year in Tibet, who were B. Fujita Scale
thought to have powers to forecast and C. Richter Scale
change the weather?
D. Enhanced Fujita Scale
A. Mothers
B. “Weather Makers” 85. In 1906 a major earthquake and fire de-
C. Elders stroyed much of this West Coast city.
D. Doctors A. Los Angeles

B. San Francisco
80. Which of the following might a lightning
rod prevent? C. Seattle
A. a flood D. Tacoma
B. an earthquake
86. Earthquakes are measured
C. a fire
A. category 1-5
D. a tornado
B. category 1-10
81. Scientists use to monitor volcano and
C. richter scale 1-6
hurricane activity.
A. Barometer D. richter scale 1-10
B. Thermometer 87. A is a threat of a naturally occur-
C. Seismograph ring event having a negative effect on hu-
mans.
D. none of above
A. natural hazard
82. Which aspect of an earthquake is NOT pre-
dictable B. natural disaster
A. Location C. rapid onset
B. Magnitude D. slow onset

88. What is one hazard that can be cause by a C. Thunder storm

volcanic eruption? D. none of above

A. tornadoes
94. Volcanic Eruption
B. air pollution
A. Geologic interior
C. weathering of rocks
B. Geologic surface
D. blizzards
C. Atmospheric
89. Which of these is neither a geological nor
D. Other
atmospheric natural hazard?
A. asteroid impact 95. Which of the following would be a poten-
tial economic effect of a natural disaster?
B. flood
A. spread of disease due to reduced stan-
C. wild fire
dards of sanitation
D. tsunami
B. disruption of communication networks
90. Sir Francis Beaufort created the first ver-
sion of the C. disruption of government and its ser-
A. speed scale vices
B. water meter D. loss of jobs + businesses
C. wind force scale 96. How do scientists “keep an eye” on hurri-
D. weather detector canes?
A. airplanes
91. A huge undersea earthquake off the
Alaskan coastline could produce what nat- B. satellites
ural hazard? C. Iphones
A. Tsunami D. telescopes
B. Cyclone
97. An is caused by rock breaking/sliding
C. Hurricane under the surface of Earth and releasing
D. Drought energy that causes Earth to shake.
A. Volcano
92. Slow onset, atmospheric hazard
B. Earthquake
A. Disease epidemic
C. Hurricane
B. Hurricane
D. none of above
C. Drought
D. Tornado 98. If any rock undergoes heat and pressure it
becomes
93. When there has not been enough rainfall
and the water levels get too low, this is A. Igneous
called a B. Metamorphic
A. Flood C. Sediment
B. Drought D. Sedimentary rock

99. What is the center of the hurricane called? C. cause damage

A. belly D. humans can stop them
B. eye wall
105. When something “spreads like wildfire,
C. eye “ that means:
D. circle
A. It’s very destructive
100. Where are hurricanes most likely to do B. It spreads quickly
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the most damage?
C. It’s extremely hot
A. Near the coast
D. It’s unpredictable
B. In the forest
C. In a desert 106. Which of the following rainfall charac-
D. On the North Pole teristic will most likely NOT result in a
flood?
101. How are hurricanes monitored? A. High rainfall frequency
A. By a weather map
B. Long rainfall duration
B. By meterologist and satelite
C. Low rainfall frequency
C. By a radar
D. none of above
D. By the Richter scale
107. Hurricanes are measured
102. Which of the things below can you do
to prepare for a natural disaster, like an A. category 1-5
earthquake
B. category 1-10
A. Make a plan with your family
C. richter scale 1-6
B. Practice or drill what you should do
when it happens D. richter scale 1-10
C. Have a 72-hour kit with food and sup- 108. What is one thing that can happen be-
plies you would need cause of a tsunami?
D. All of the above A. flooding
103. Of the following four natural hazards, B. weathering
which is the hardest to predict?
C. an earthquake
A. Tsunamis
D. a volcanic eruption
B. Volcanoes
C. Tropical Cyclones 109. Which tornado would you expect to cause
more damage?
D. Earthquakes
A. EF0
104. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of
a natural disaster? B. EF2
A. difficult to predict C. EF5
B. humans can lessen impact D. EF3

110. What technologies currently exist to mit- 115. Weathering and erosion will break a rock
igate the effect of hurricanes? into

A. There is currently no technology A. Igneous
B. Build buildings in circles with sur- B. Metamorphic
rounding walls C. Sediment
C. Build buildings out of renewable re- D. Sedimentary rock
sources
D. Elevate buildings and cities; build flood 116. Caused by sudden movement in the
walls Earth’s plates.
A. Earthquake
111. Where do most volcanoes occur?
B. Volcano
A. in the center of the ocean
C. Landslide
B. in the centers of continents
D. Hurricane
C. along boundaries between continents
D. along boundaries between continents 117. Disease epidemics
and the ocean A. Geologic interior
112. occurs in locations where the atmosphere, B. Geologic surface

ocean, and land interact to create specific C. Atmospheric
conditions D. Other
A. natural hazard
118. Which aspect of a tornado is NOT pre-
B. climate hazard dictable
C. geological hazard A. Location
D. weather hazard B. Magnitude
113. Which of these is an atmospheric haz- C. Time
ard? D. All of these are predictable
A. Glacial Bursts, Storm surges,
Tsunamis, Mudflows 119. Which natural disaster causes most of its
damage due to shaking?
B. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, land-
slides, Sink holes A. Tornadoes
C. Lightning, heatwave, blizzards, wild B. Earthquakes

fire, droughts C. Tsunamis
D. none of above D. Hurricanes
114. Which type of earthquake wave comes 120. Which can result from volcanic eruptions
first? and earthquakes?
A. P-wave A. glaciers
B. S-wave B. erosion
C. T-wave C. precipitation
D. none of above D. formation of mountains

121. Any natural hazard that destroys commu- 126. What is the strongest tornado
nities and kills people is called a A. EF1
A. natural disaster B. EF2
B. scary event C. EF5
C. big storm D. EF10
D. natural thing 127. During a volcanic eruption, can cause

damage.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
122. A natural disaster occurs when a natural A. ash flow
hazard
B. lava
A. causes major damage and harms hu- C. tephra
mans.
D. all of the above
B. poses a danger to any part of the earth.
128. Name the natural disaster that has
strong winds, but does NOT start in the
C. changes the physical features of the ocean?
earth.
A. Tornadoes
D. impacts everyday life for humans.
B. Hurricanes
123. When and where is a wildfire most likely C. Tsunamis
to happen? D. Earthquakes
A. Nevada, during a summer drought 129. Which best describes a floodplain?
B. The Midwest, in spring-time A. A plane used to transport people
C. Massachusetts, on a rainy autumn day safely from a flood zone
B. Flat land that borders a river and is
covered by water during a flood
D. Australia, during a mild winter
C. Land that is submerged by water
124. A natural process and event that is a po- D. A flood that does not cause damage
tential threat to human life and property.
130. Seawalls, houses built with wind and wa-
A. Natural hazard ter resistant materials or on stilts, all pro-
B. Natural disaster tect homes from what?
C. Recovery A. hurricanes
B. thunderstorms
D. mitigation
C. drought
125. A is when the hazardous threat actu- D. blizzards
ally happens and harms humans.
131. What natural hazard is a Dam used for?
A. natural hazard
A. Lake
B. natural disaster B. Earthquake
C. rapid onset C. Volcanoes
D. slow onset D. Flooding

132. A tiltmeter is a tool used to study what? 138. Tsunami

A. Tsunamis A. Geologic interior

B. Earthquakes B. Geologic surface
C. Volcanoes C. Atmospheric
D. Hurricanes D. Other
133. The center of a hurricane is called the 139. Geologic hazards include:
A. center A. thunderstorms and hurricanes
B. brain B. Lightning and tornadoes
C. eye C. earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
D. circle D. tsunami and hurricanes
134. Which climate region is located right near 140. Where do most earthquakes occur?
the equator?
A. in the center of the ocean
A. Polar
B. in the center of the continents
B. Tropical
C. along borders between countries
C. Temperate
D. along boundaries between continents
D. Milk
and the ocean
135. What is a warm front?
141. Slow onset, other natural hazard
A. advancing mass of warm air
A. Tsunami
B. light rains
B. Impacts with space objects
C. advancing mass of cold air
C. Wildfire
D. thunderstorms
D. Insect infestation
136. What is NOT an economic impact of
floods? 142. Which is true about earthquakes?
A. Damages to transport infrastructure A. They are more likely to occur in warm

weather.
B. Disruption to clean water supply
B. They are more likely to occur in cold
C. Disruption to energy supply weather.
D. none of above
C. They are triggered by heavy rains.
137. Which type of hazard are those caused D. Weather is not related to earthquakes.
by processes which occur on the surface of
the earth (or ocean)? 143. Seismographs measure
A. Geological A. Landslides
B. Atmospheric B. Earthquakes
C. Biological C. Tornados
D. Geomorphic D. Hurricanes

144. The heavy waves of a hurricane are C. the United States.

called this.
D. Eastern Europe.
A. storm surge
B. wave storms 150. Which can result from the earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions?
C. thunderstorms
A. glaciation
D. tsumnami
B. erosion
NARAYAN CHANGDER
145. The Enhanced Fujita scale is used to mea-
sure the damage from a(n): C. precipitation
A. Tornado D. formation of mountains

B. Earthquake 151. Earthquakes are caused by all of the fol-
C. Volcano lowing EXCEPT
D. Hurricane A. movement of tectonic plates.
146. Where do tsunamis happen? B. tsunamis.
A. in hot and dry forests C. volcanic activity.
B. near the sea D. underground collapses.
C. at mountains or hills
152. The Richter scale is a measure of the mag-
D. between the earth plates nitude of a(n):
147. Where do hurricanes develop? A. Volcanic eruption
A. Land B. Earthquake
B. Ocean C. Hurricane
C. Rivers D. Tornado
D. none of above
153. what can you build to be safe from torna-
148. If you’re outside with no shelter, where does?
is the safest place to be during a tornado?
A. Dam
A. Under a bridge or overpass.
B. Storm cellars
B. Hug a tree.
C. Pool
C. Laying flat in a ditch while covering
your head. D. non of these above
D. Find a vehicle and get in it. Stay low
154. In order to create a landslide, which of
and cover your head.
the following is NOT required?
149. One region of the world that is very ex- A. wet soi
posed to volcanoes, tsunamis, and earth-
quakes is called: B. lots of rain
A. the Ring of Fire. C. dry soil
B. the North and South Pole. D. erosion

155. The polar region is C. In the morning during Spring and Sum-
A. known for being dry mer.

B. known for being hot D. In the afternoon or evening during Fall
and Winter
C. known for being cold
D. known for being foggy 161. Caused by warm water and a storm
156. Loose sand or gravel is A. Tsunami
A. Igneous B. Volcano
B. Metamorphic C. Tornado
C. Sediment D. Hurricane
D. Sedimentary rock
162. The major difference between a tropical
157. conditions that limit the design solution storm and a hurricane is
or that could prevent the solution from be- A. rainfall amounts
ing accomplished
B. wind speed
A. constraints
C. air temperature
B. mitigate
C. hurricane D. none of above
D. tornado 163. Certain leaves are harder to penetrate

with water because the leaves have a
158. Of the four natural hazards listed, which
is the hardest to predict? A. waxy coat
A. Tsunamis B. soft surface
B. Volcanoes C. slick coat
C. Tropical Cyclones D. hard surface
D. Earthquakes
164. A violent, tropical, cyclonic storm is
159. to reduce the severity or impact of some-
thing damaging or difficult A. A tornado
A. natural hazard B. A severe storm

B. Natural resource C. A hurricane
C. Mitigation D. A cyclone
D. Reduction
165. Of the four natural hazards we’ve stud-
160. When are thunderstorms more likely to ied, which is the hardest to predict?
occur? A. Tsunamis
A. In the afternoon or evening during
B. Volcanoes
Spring and Summer.
C. Tropical Cyclones
B. In the morning during Fall and Winter.
D. Earthquakes

166. What is a primary effect of an earth- 172. How can you prevent a natural hazard
quake? becoming a disaster?
A. Forest Fires A. Avoid unnecessary ricks
B. Ruptured water pipes B. Plan ahead and keep an emergency kit
C. Death and Injuries on hand
D. Death by diseases C. Follow the advice of local authorities
167. Tornadoes D. All of the above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Geologic interior 173. a geologic hazard in which molten rock,
B. Geologic surface gases, ash, and other materials are re-
lease onto Earth’s surface and into the at-
C. Atmospheric
mosphere
D. Other
A. natural hazard
168. Scale used to measure the magnitude and B. volcano
explosivity of volcanoes
C. earthquake
A. Enhanced Fujita Scale
D. volcanic eruption
B. Saffir-Simposon Scale
C. VEI (volcano explosivity index) 174. Two plates slide past each other at what
boundary?
D. none of above
A. Covergent
169. How can someone prepare for a natural
hazard? B. Divergent
A. Create an emergency kit C. Transform
B. Watch television D. none of above
C. Go shopping 175. What is a giant storm that begins at sea,
D. Drive around in a car sometimes crashes into land, and is given
a name?
170. This area contains over 70 percent of vol-
canoes and 90 percent of earthquakes in A. Hurricane
the world. B. Tornado
A. North American plate C. Tsunami
B. Ring of Fire D. Earthquake
C. Fiery rings
176. As a warm moist air mass moving north-
D. none of above ward collides with a strong cold air mass
171. What is the only event associated with moving southward, what observations
ALL plate boundaries? will most likely be made?
A. Volcanoes A. Clouds begin to form.
B. Earthquakes B. Thick fog develops.
C. Subduction C. Winds die down.
D. Deep Trenches D. Temperatures increase.

177. What do we need to be able to predict 182. A mountain area in the Pacific Northwest
something? has many landslides. What most likely
causes these rocks and soils to erode?

A. reliable consistent indicators
A. tree roots
B. the trust of the animals (they can pre-
dict all events) B. gravity and rainfall
C. more radon (radon is always released C. glaciers
from the earth when earthquakes occur) D. frequent volcanic eruptions
D. none of above 183. develop with little warning and strike
rapidly.
178. Which of the following is not a type of
natural hazard? A. natural hazard
A. volcanic eruption B. natural disaster
B. earthquake C. rapid onset hazards
C. blizzard D. slow onset hazards
D. mountain 184. Which of these are classed as geographi-

cal hazards?
179. Which type of map could be useful if you
A. Storm surges, Glacial Bursts, Mud-
wanted to avoid areas likely to receive
flows, Avalanches
earthquakes?
B. Earthquakes Volcanic eruptions, Land-
A. a map that shows height above sea slides, Sinkholes
level
C. Droughts, Tornadoes, Lightening,
B. a map that shows yearly rainfall Heatwaves.
C. a map that show where tectonic plates D. none of above
meet
185. The most common cause of floody is
D. a map that shows average yearly tem-
perature A. waves
B. high tide
180. what is one effect of a tsunami?
C. leaking sewer
A. flooding
D. heavy rainfall
B. weathering
186. To prepare for natural hazards, it is im-
C. an earthquake
portant to create a
D. a volcanic eruption
A. letter
181. Where is a safe place to be during an B. disaster/escape plan
earthquake? C. lesson plan
A. Outside D. weather plan
B. On the roof of your house
187. Which of the following natural hazards
C. In a bathtub have occurred in Australia in 2020?
D. In a doorway A. Flood

B. Fire C. Time
C. Biological Hazard D. All of these are predictable
D. All of the above 194. A prolonged period of abnormally low
188. take years to develop. rainfall which results in a loss of plant and
animal life, including crops
A. natural hazard
A. Drought
B. natural disaster
B. Volcano
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. rapid onset hazards
C. Blizzard
D. slow onset hazards
D. none of above
189. The best place to be in a blizzard is
195. Which natural disaster cannot be caused
A. inside your house by shifts in tectonic plates?
B. under a bridge A. Tsunami
C. at school B. Avalanche
D. in a car C. Earthquake
190. Which of these is NOT an element of D. Hurricane
weather?
196. Strange animal behavior, such as pets
A. Clouds running away, could be an indicator that
B. Rain is about to occur.
C. Wind A. a volcanic eruption
D. Soil B. a tsunami
C. a hurricane
191. Earthquakes can be caused by
D. an earthquake
A. waves
B. hot and dry weather 197. What damage is most likely to be associ-
ated with a hurricane?
C. tsunamis
A. lightning damage to buildings
D. friction between two plates
B. unsafe air quality
192. Caused by warm and cool air colliding on C. structures damaged by flooding and
land wind
A. Tsunami D. collapse of buildings without warning
B. Volcano
198. A natural hazard can be a if it
C. Tornado causes widespread injury, death, or prop-
D. Hurricane erty damage.
193. Which aspect of a volcano is NOT pre- A. natural catasrophe

dictable B. disaster watch
A. Location C. super storm
B. Magnitude D. natural disaster

199. When groundwater dissolves rock below 204. Volcanoes and earthquakes tend to occur
the surface, the ground can suddenly col- near what?
lapse.

A. Big cities
A. flood B. Small cities
B. drought C. Volcanoes
C. fault D. Plate boundaries
D. sinkhole
205. When large amounts of water quickly
200. How do we call the negative effect that overflow a boundary, a has occurred.
occurs on humans? A. flash flood
A. Geological process B. regular flood
B. Natural hazard C. landslide
C. Natural disasters D. none of above
D. none of above
206. Scale used to measure the inten-
201. Which is the BEST way you can help pre- sity/damage of earthquakes; written as
pare for natural disasters? a roman numeral between I and XII
A. Watch your pets for any unusual behav- A. Enhanced Fujita Scale
ior. B. Saffir-Simposon Scale
B. Always carry a pint of water with you. C. Modified Meralli Scale
C. Keep the windows of your house D. none of above
closed at all times.
D. Make an emergency supply kit with 207. What is a volcano?
your family. A. a chemical reaction that produces fire
202. Compared to hurricanes, earthquakes,

and tornadoes, wildfires: B. a valley under the ocean
A. Cause the most damage C. an atmospheric condition
B. Tend to last longer D. an opening in Earth’s crust
C. Are easier to predict 208. What is a flash flood?

D. Cannot be prevented A. A sophisticated flood
203. Reshaping new land, debris avalanches, B. Power lines fallen in flood waters
destroyed forests, and death to many an- C. A deep flood
imals are all effects of what natural haz- D. A flood that happens fast with little
ard? Hint:This natural disaster forces pri- warning
mary succession to occur.
A. Tornado 209. Hot fluid or semifluid material below or
within the earth’s crust from which lava
B. Volcanic Eruption and other igneous rock is formed on cool-
C. Earthquake ing.
D. Tsunami A. lava

B. magma 215. What is a cold front?

C. hot coals A. A place on the Earth where cold air is
moving into a new area
D. fire
B. when cold air has just past a day a go
210. A seismograph can be used to measure C. Warm air moving to another area
and study what?
D. warm air that already passed
A. Volcanic eruptions
216. Which type of map shows the elevation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Earthquakes of an area?
C. Tsunamis A. mountain maps
D. All of the above B. political maps
211. Geologic hazards occur in the crust of the C. topographic maps

earth. Which of the following is a geologic D. climate maps
natural hazard?
217. Something that is that is unexpected is
A. coastal flooding
B. tsunami A. accidental
C. hurricane B. responding
D. tornado C. equipment
D. harmful
212. In the USA, hurricanes occur
218. Where do most hurricanes develop?
A. only in winter
A. Middle of the United States
B. from August-November
B. Near the Equator
C. all year long
C. Near Canada and Alaska
D. none of above D. Antarctica
213. What is the cause of this tsunami? 219. Which of the following is needed to re-
A. a typhoon moving inland duce the impact of a natural hazard?
B. a sudden violent windstorm above the A. Prevention

ocean water B. Preparation
C. the impact of a large meteorite in the C. Quick Response
ocean D. All of the above
D. an earthquake beneath the ocean 220. Which could be useful if you wanted to
avoid areas likely to experience floods?
214. air sinks/falls because it is
dense. A. a map that shows elevation of land
A. Cold, More B. a map that shows volcanic activity

C. a graph that compares earthquake
B. Warm, Less
damage and flood damage
C. Cold, Less D. a map that shows average yearly tem-
D. Warm, More perature

221. Rock underground suddenly breaks caus- B. thunderstorm

ing movement is a description of which nat- C. hurricane
ural hazard?

D. blizzard
A. Volcanic Eruption
B. Hurricane 227. How can people stay safe when a
tsunami happens?
C. Earthquake
A. go to high ground
D. Tornado
B. find cover
222. What happens during a hurricane? C. cover mouth and eyes
A. magma explodes D. watch out for rocks
B. rain makes the land soft and it slides
228. A funnel-shaped storm on land with high
down a mountain
winds and often rain and hail is called a
C. an earthquake happens underwater
and forms huge waves
A. tornado
D. warm and cold air mix and form storm
B. hurricane
clouds
C. flood
223. What happens when a hurricane reaches
D. drought
land or cold water?
A. It becomes an earthquake 229. A scientist wants to track a hurricane and
predict where it will go next. Which tools
B. It gets stronger
are best for making predictions about hur-
C. It weakens and ends ricanes?
D. none of above A. thermometers and GPS
224. rapidly spinning column of air extending B. geologic maps and tiltmeters
from a storm cloud to the ground C. satellites and computer models
A. hurricane D. weather balloons and seismometers
B. tornado
230. A spinning funnel cloud which causes
C. thunderstorm much destruction
D. tsunami A. Tornado
225. Natural hazards which operate in the at- B. Hurricane
mosphere. C. Tsunami
A. interior geologic hazard D. none of above
B. surface geologic hazard 231. Which of the following is NOT a natural
C. atmospheric hazard hazard?
D. other natural hazard A. Hurricane
226. A severe storm that involves high winds B. Tornado

and forms over water is: C. House Fire
A. tornado D. Earthquake

232. Kayla saw a boulder that was about as C. Tsunami, Bushfire, Earthquake, Vol-
large as a small car. What likely deposited cano
the boulder? D. Atmospheric, Biological, Geological,
A. wind Hydrological
B. a glacier 238. Vibration of earth’s surface may cause
C. a winding river strange animal behavior, such as toads
D. a heavy rainfall fleeing an area, and might indicate indicate
NARAYAN CHANGDER
that a(n) is about to occur.
233. to keep something from happening A. a volcanic eruption
A. respond B. seismic waves
B. harmful C. a hurricane
C. prevent D. an earthquake
D. purpose
239. What is the 3 ingredients for tornadoes?
234. include lightning and thunder.
A. moisture, lift, and fronts
A. Thunderstorms
B. wind shears, water, and moisture
B. hail storm
C. moisture, lift, and wind shears
C. hurricane
D. air, heat, and lift
D. flood
240. The process that occurs at a divergent
235. Where are most volcanoes found? oceanic boundary that creates new crust
A. Southern Hemisphere (sea floor) is called?
B. Ring of Fire A. Subduction
C. Mid-Atlantic Ridge B. Seafloor Spreading
D. Hot Spots C. Continental Drift
D. Volcanism
236. Which statement about earthquakes and
weather is true? 241. What time of day are tornadoes most
A. Earthquakes and weather are not re- likely to occur?
lated. A. Early morning
B. Earthquakes cannot happen in cold B. Late at night
weather.
C. Between 10:00 AM and 1:00 PM
C. Atmospheric conditions cause both
earthquakes and weather. D. Late afternoon
D. The movement of tectonic plates 242. Hurricanes gather and through

causes both earthquakes and weather. contact with warm ocean waters.
237. What are the four main types of hazard? A. sand, dust
A. Wind, Water, Earth, Fire B. fish, plants
B. Tropospheric, Hydrolic, Geologist, sci- C. heat, Sun

entific D. heat, energy

243. is considered an insulator. 248. Which of the following is an example of

A. Silver a biological hazard?

B. Aluminum A. Covid-19
C. Rubber B. Earthquake
D. Gold C. Tsunami
D. Tornado
244. Which of the following would cause a
tsunami?
249. sudden, short term, geological event in
A. an earthquake beneath the ocean which the ground shakes violently
B. the impact of a large whale splashing A. frequency
in the ocean
B. earthquake
C. a sudden violent windstorm above the
ocean water C. hurricane
D. a typhoon moving across the ocean D. tornado
245. To stay safe from volcanoes, it is impor- 250. When term describes the movement and
tant for people to test relocation of soil because of air, water, or
the weather?
A. evacuation routes.
A. gravit
B. mudflow speed.
C. soil temperatures B. erosion
D. tsunami systems C. pollution

D. conservation
246. A scientist is constructing a device that
will predict exactly where hurricanes will 251. How do earthquakes and volcanoes
travel. This device could save many lives shape land?
but will be extremely expensive. Which
term describes the high cost of this de- A. weathering and erosion can change
vice? the land
A. benefit B. build up the land
B. criteria C. destroy things, but they can also build
up the land
C. constraint
D. break down the land
D. technology
247. After a volcano eruption, where would 252. What are the large moving pieces of
you expect to find a lahar deposit? rock that make up the Earth’s outer layer
called?
A. on the side of the volcano
A. Crust
B. in the crater of the volcano
B. Metamorphic
C. in a valley leading away from the vol-
cano C. Plates
D. on the hilltops surrounding the volcano D. none of above

253. Most earthquakes occur where C. Transform

meet. D. none of above
A. Oceans
259. What destroys a hurricane?
B. Plate boundaries
A. Strong vertical winds
C. States
B. Cold water
D. none of above
C. Movement over land
NARAYAN CHANGDER
254. are a series of huge waves caused by D. All of the above
an underwater earthquake in the ocean.
260. Caused by an unusually large amount of
A. Currents
water for an area
B. Tsumani
A. Earthquake
C. Waves B. Flood
D. none of above C. Drought
255. Which hazard has most affected if human D. none of above
populations live in the area where the haz-
ard occurs? 261. Rapid onset, other natural hazard
A. Earthquakes A. Drought
B. Disease epidemic
B. Tornadoes
C. Wildfire
C. Hurricanes
D. Tornado
D. Drought
262. A larger of a wave on a seismogram
256. An earthquake is usually caused by a
indicates a larger magnitude of an earth-
A. glacier quake
B. landslide A. Wavelength
C. very large storm B. Frequency
D. a movement along a fault C. Amplitude
D. Node
257. What is the scientific equipment that
measures the size of an earthquake 263. What hazards are associated with the
called? ash formed during a volcanic eruption?
A. Barometer A. bombs
B. Seismograph B. lava flow
C. Thermometer C. acid rain
D. none of above D. debris avalanche
258. Two plates spread or move apart at what 264. When the ground is full of water it would
boundary? be described as
A. Convergent A. saturated
B. Divergent B. under-saturated

C. consumed B. Volcanoes and Tornados

D. hydrologated C. Hurricanes and Earthquakes

265. Besides a radar satellite, what other D. Tsunamis and Hurricanes
technology is used to detect a Hurricane?
271. This device is used to record movement
A. Hurricane detector within the earth.
B. Saffir-Simpson
A. Seismograph
C. Dams
B. Richter Scale
D. Radar
C. Seismogram
266. Earthquake D. Mercalli Scale
A. Geologic interior
272. Which is an example of an atmospheric
B. Geologic surface
hazard?
C. Atmospheric
A. tropical cyclones
D. Other
B. bushfires
267. Which of the following is not a geologic C. floods
hazard?
D. landslides
A. sinkhole
B. landslide 273. Hurricanes
C. hurricane A. Geologic interior
D. earthquake B. Geologic surface
268. Earthquakes are caused by all of the fol- C. Atmospheric
lowing EXCEPT: D. Other
A. movement of tectonic plates.
274. Layering, compaction, and cementation
B. tsunamis.
make
C. volcanic activity.
A. Igneous
D. underground collapses.
B. Metamorphic
269. Flooding can affect the environment by C. Sediment
which of the following?
D. Sedimentary rock
A. Keeping everything alive
B. Throw food at you 275. What can scientists measure to help pre-
C. Loss of human life dict when a volcano might erupt?
D. All of the above A. temperatures of lava flow

B. lengths of nearby fault lines
270. Flooding, property damage, fatalities,
and fires are all common effects of what C. small earthquakes and gases in the air
natural hazard? near the volcano
A. Tsunamis and Earthquakes D. increases in sever weather

276. Strange animal behavior, such as toads 281. What is the best way to collect data from
fleeing an area, could be an indicator that a hurricane?
is about to occur. A. satellite images
A. a volcanic eruption
B. flying an airplane into the storm
B. a tsunami
C. ocean buoys
C. a hurricane
D. ground stations
D. an earthquake
NARAYAN CHANGDER
282. Which event can produce an earth-
277. Which can be used to possible detect and
quake?
reduce the impact of a volcanic eruption?
A. the crash of tsunamis against a shore-
A. anchors
line
B. satellites
B. convection of hot rock deep within the
C. floating buiys mantle
D. seismometers C. movement of tectonic plates along a
278. What is one way buildings are made in boundary
areas where earthquakes occur? D. the violent shaking of sections of the
A. Homes built as a single story lithosphere
B. Homes built out of wood 283. What type of map would city planners
C. Homes are built far away from each MOST likely look at when writing building
other codes?
D. Homes are built high off the ground A. a seismic map
279. Why can we predict the timing of some B. a political map
natural disasters? C. a contour map
A. They always happen at specific time in- D. a climate map
tervals
B. Psychics predict them for us 284. Rapid onset, atmospheric hazard
C. They are almost always preceded by A. Wildfire
specific phenomena B. Severe thunderstorm
D. none of above C. Drought
280. Reshaping new land, debris avalanches, D. Disease epidemic
destroyed forests, and death to many ani-
mals are all effects of what natural haz- 285. Reshaping new land, debris avalanches,
ard? Hint:Remember Mother Nature in destroyed forests, and death to many an-
the forest you watched at the beginning imals are all effects of what natural haz-
of the year? ard?
A. Tornado A. Hurricane
B. Flooding B. Earthquake
C. Volcanic Eruption C. Volcanic Eruption
D. Tsunami D. Tsunami

286. Wildfires 291. Which event suggests that a volcanic

A. Geologic interior eruption may occur in the very near fu-
ture?

B. Geologic surface
A. tsunami forms
C. Atmospheric
B. a sudden weather change
D. Other
C. an increase in earthquake activity
287. The majority of earthquake and volcanic D. an increase in the amount of dust in
eruptions occur around the Pacific Ocean. the air
This is called the
A. Ring of Fire 292. Which of these is the best material to use
if building a house near a volcano?
B. North Pole
A. Metal
C. Beehive
B. Stone
D. The Volcano Circle
C. Foam
288. What is a hazard risk? D. Wood
A. Chance or probability of being affected
293. Weather occurs in what layer of the at-
by a natural event.
mosphere?
B. The risk of falling over
A. Stratosphere
C. The chances of falling into a volcano
B. Thermosphere
D. Chance or probability of being affected
C. Mesosphere
by a human event.
D. Troposphere
289. Rock underground suddenly breaks along
a fault causing tectonic movement, causing 294. What happens when the ground can not
what natural hazard? hold anymore water?
A. Volcanic Eruption A. Tornado happens
B. Cyclone B. Flash flood happens
C. Earthquake C. Drought happens
D. Hurricane D. none of above
290. Why are there a lot of earthquakes in the 295. Which type of hazard are those caused by
West Coast? processes which operate inside the earth?
A. The California Fault runs through Cali- A. Geological
fornia. B. Atmospheric
B. The volcanoes in California erupt caus- C. Biological
ing earthquakes.
D. Geomorphic
C. The tsunamis from the coast of Califor-
nia cause earthquakes. 296. The carrying capacity of a river refers to
D. The San Andreas Fault runs through A. The amount of boats that can travel
California. down a river

B. The amount of water that a river can 302. Which statement is true?
hold
A. All earthquakes are very dangerous.
C. The weight of the water in a river
B. All earthquakes violently shake the
D. All of the above ground.
297. Which of these is NOT a Weather hazard C. Some earthquakes cause roads to
that occurs on earth? buckle.
A. Blizzard D. Some earthquakes are caused by land-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Tornado slides.
C. Clouds 303. How is a hurricane measured?

D. Hurricane A. Saffir-Simpson scale
298. A divergent boundary in the ocean cre- B. EF scale
ates what feature?
C. Richter Scale
A. Mid Ocean Ridge
D. Pulse
B. Rift Valley
C. Deep Ocean Trench 304. What is best to wear to stay protected
from rain?
D. Subduction Zone
A. Sandals
299. In order for a hurricane to form, the wa-
B. Rain jacket
ter must be:
A. Cool C. Shorts
B. Warm D. Baseball cap
C. Cold 305. volcanoes are formed from fast flow-

D. Hot ing, lava which flows easily over the sur-
face, forming larger volcanoes with gentle
300. Which features are created to reduce the sides.
risk of flooding?
A. Cone
A. Artificial banks and bridges
B. Composite
B. Levees and floodplains
C. Angel
C. Artificial banks and levees
D. Shield
D. Levees and bridges
301. Caused when a plate subducts into the 306. What is the device called that uses spe-
mantle and melts, causing it to rise back cial weights and magnetic fields to mea-
to the surface as lava sure the movement of the ground?
A. Tsunami A. Barometer
B. Volcano B. Speedometer
C. Tornado C. Seismograph
D. Hurricane D. Telegraph

307. Living organisms can move rocks, soils, C. The Andes Mountain Range
and sediments around. Which is an exam- D. San Andreas Fault
ple of a living thing causing erosion?

A. a meerkat digging a burrow 313. Which of these is most responsible for
global deforestation?
B. a beaver building a dam
A. forest fires
C. a fish fossilizing in sediment
B. climate change
D. a plant growing in a crack in a rock
C. increased need for furniture
308. Which of these is classed as flooding?
D. increased demand for agriculture
A. Storm surges, Glacial bursts,
Avalances, Tsunami 314. Why are tsunamis dangerous?
B. Tornadoes, Droughts, heatwaves, Bliz- A. They cannot be detected.
zards
B. They increase in height near the shore.
C. Earthquakes, Volcaninc eruptions,
Landslides, Sinkholes
C. They cause earthquakes on land.
D. none of above
D. They are very tall in the deep ocean.
309. What are the causes of floods?
315. Which is true of natural hazards?
A. Snowmelt
A. Most natural hazards can be pre-
B. Storm Surge
vented.
C. Heavy Rainfall
B. It is impossible to prepare for a natu-
D. All of the above ral hazard.
310. Many plants and animals die from a lack C. Most tsunami damage happens far in-
of water during a land.
A. Drought D. Many natural hazards are caused by
weather.
B. flood
C. hurricane 316. Excess water covering normally dry land
is called a
D. tornado
A. flood
311. What causes damage in a hurricane?
B. estuary
A. Winds
C. dam
B. Flooding
D. lake
C. Storm Surge
D. All of the above 317. Which storm can cause flooding?
A. hurricanes
312. Which of these is an example of a Con-
servative plate boundary? B. blizzards
A. Mid Atlantic Ridge C. tsunamis
B. Himalayas Mountain Range D. all of the above

318. Which the most common natural disaster B. mudslide

in the world? C. landslide
A. flood D. water slide
B. storm
324. largest zone of earthquake and volcanic
C. earthquake activity, forms a circle around the Pacific
D. extreme temperature ocean, the west coast of North and South
America and the east coast of Asia.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
319. Which of these is the result of erosion by
gravity? A. Mid Atlantic Ridge
A. a rock arch B. Eurasian Belt
B. a landslide C. Circle of Terror
C. a sand dune D. Ring of Fire
D. a fossil layer 325. What are large areas of ground move-
ment of rock, earth, or debris that fall,
320. Which of these features is NOT found at
slide, or flow on slopes due to gravity?
a constructive plate margin?
A. A Landslide
A. Subduction Zone
B. A Tornado
B. Rising Magma
C. A Drought
C. Plates moving apart
D. A Tsunami
D. Volcanoes
326. The process in the mantle that causes the
321. to reduce the severity or impact of some-
tectonic plates to move
thing
A. Convection
A. criteria
B. Greenhouse Effect
B. mitigate
C. Earthquakes
C. flooding
D. Super Volanoes
D. magnitude
327. What is an unexpected or uncontrollable
322. Engineers are designing a bridge that will
natural event of unusual magnitude that
better withstand earthquake forces. What
threatens the activities of Earth?
is the process called when engineers use a
computer to see what happens to their de- A. Natural Hazards
sign during an earthquake? B. Volcanic Eruptions
A. variables C. Death
B. modeling D. Tsunami
C. prediction
328. Convection occurs because hotter mate-
D. navigation rial rises and cooler material sinks due to
323. The sliding down of a mass of earth or changes in
rock from a mountain or cliff. A. Mass
A. avalanche B. Density

C. Waves 334. What is the name of the volcanic haz-

D. Energy ard that is formed when hot ash and rocks
flow out of a volcano and along the ground

329. If any rock subducts into the mantle, it at fast speeds?
will melt to become A. magma
A. Igneous B. tsunami
B. Metamorphic
C. ash cloud
C. Sediment
D. pyroclastic flow
D. Magma
335. Two plates come together or collide at
330. Why does Los Angeles experience many what boundary?
earthquakes?
A. Convergent
A. It is a big city
B. Divergent
B. It is by the ocean
C. Transform
C. It is on a plate boundary
331. A huge undersea earthquake off the Thai- 336. Caused by an underwater earthquake.
land coastline could produce what natural A. Tsunami
hazard?
B. Volcano
A. Tsunami
C. Landslide
B. Cyclone
D. Hurricane
C. Hurricane
D. Drought 337. What technologies currently exist to mit-
igate (to make less severe) the effect of
332. Scientists and engineers work together hurricanes?
to try to reduce the damage from natural
hazards. Which term is used to describe A. There is currently no technology
this process? B. Build buildings in circles with sur-
A. mitigation rounding walls
B. technology C. Build buildings out of renewable re-
sources
C. scientific method
D. Elevate buildings and cities; build flood
D. controlling variables
walls
333. Which force shapes the majority of natu-
ral hazards on earth? 338. What force causes landslides?
A. Greenhouse gas A. inertia

B. Water B. gravity
C. Fire C. mass
D. Wind D. magnetism

1.14 climate and environmental change 194
339. A tsunami is 341. Which produces some of the fastest

A. a spinning windstorm that forms over winds on earth?
the ocean. A. Tornado
B. a series of ocean waves. B. Cyclone
C. a vibration deep within the Earth or at
its surface. C. Hurricane
D. when magma rises through the Earth’s D. Severe Storm
NARAYAN CHANGDER
surface.
342. The calm part of a hurricane is called the
340. Which natural hazard is caused from an
underwater earthquake?
A. storm surge
A. waterspout
B. mass wasting B. edge
C. volcanic eruption C. eye

D. tsunami D. bands
1.14 climate and environmental change

1. The Paris Agreement saw HICs agree to 4. A pattern of weather over long periods of
what for the first time? time.
A. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions A. Climate
B. Fund climate change initiatives in B. Weather
LICs/NEEs C. Global Warming
C. Pass the agreement into law D. Temperature
D. That climate change was irrefutable
5. What are fugitive fuel emissions?
2. which gas has the highest global warming A. emissions from illegal burning of fossil
potential of all greenhouse gases fuels
A. fluorinated gases B. Emissions from countries not partici-
pating in the Kyoto protocol
B. carbon dioxide
C. Emissions produced as a by-product of
C. Nitrous Oxide
fuel production or transport
D. methane D. Emissions from heavy polluters
3. What are greenhouse gases? 6. Which of the following have been changed
A. gases that cause climate change or altered due to climate change?
B. gases that emit green smoke A. droughts
C. gases that are used to make green col- B. flooding

ored glass C. melting of polar ice caps
D. none of above D. all of the above

7. The majority of the scientific community 13. To create a cool roof to minimize energy us-
with the conclusions that global warm- age, the color that would best deflect solar
ing is occurring and that it is largely due to energy is

human actions.
A. white
A. Disagrees
B. red
B. Agrees
C. Has not come to a consensus C. black
D. none of above D. pink
8. Earth’s climate has 14. Which type of gases are contributing to

A. Decreased by 10 degrees global warming?
B. Increased by 2 degrees A. Chemical gases
C. Decreased by 2 degrees B. Greenhouse gases
D. increased by 10 degrees
C. Oxygen
9. The burning of fossil fuels (eg. coal, gas,
D. Radon
and oil results in the release of
A. Oxygen 15. Major greenhouse gases are
B. Methane
A. water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Nitrogen B. nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, argon
10. What is the primary source of energy for C. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, par-
the Earth? ticulate matter
A. Coal
D. none of above
B. Wind power
C. Natural gas 16. Which natural process removes carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere?
D. The sun
A. forest fires
11. As greenhouse gases increase, what hap-
pens to heat flow out? B. volcanic eruptions
A. Increase C. cellular respiration
B. Decrease D. photosynthesis
C. Stays the Same
D. No Trend 17. How much of the Earth’s surface is covered
in water?
12. Where you will find the ozone layer.
A. 50%
A. stratosphere
B. 70%
B. thermosphere
C. exosphere C. 85%
D. mesosphere D. 92%

18. A phenomenon in which a layer of cooler 23. The Earth’s seasons depend on the Earth’s
air is trapped under a layer of warmer air in relation to the Sun
above a city is called: A. gravity
A. Climate change B. tilt
B. Global warming C. axis
C. Temperature (thermal) fluctuation D. motion
D. Temperature (thermal) inversion
NARAYAN CHANGDER
24. An example of a climate change mitigation
strategy is
19. Which of the following gases is a green-
house gas? A. mandating more fuel efficient vehicles
A. carbon dioxide
B. building structures to protect from ris-
B. water vapor ing sea levels
C. methane C. species migration
D. all of the above D. using drought resistant crops
20. Which of the following is an example of 25. What has the highest albedo?
climate? A. the oceans
A. An intense thunderstorm in Houston B. glacial ice
B. The average temperature in Chicago C. the ground
over the past 50 years
D. roads
C. A hot day in Boston in the fall
26. If the ice sheets around the globe were to
D. A foggy day in San Francisco melt, this would cause
21. Warming seas will A. the sea level to raise slightly
A. Increase the number of storms B. the sea level to decrease
B. Decrease the number of storms C. the sea water to get colder

D. none of above
C. The number if storms will stay the
same 27. Which term best matches these criteria?
D. none of above longer wavelengthsfelt as heat
A. short wave lengths
22. Which of the following would not be a
good alternative for slowing down green- B. ultraviolet light
house gas emissions. C. infrared light
A. Eating food locally sourced D. gamma rays
B. Using more green energy 28. Which of the following can cause global
C. Using more heat and air conditioning warming.
in your home A. Volcanic eruptions
D. Planting more trees B. The amount of rainfall

C. The rising of warm air into the atmo- C. mowing your lawn more often
sphere D. heating and cooling smartly

D. Increase of the amount of carbon diox-
ide in the atmosphere. 34. Which is an example of a sustainable prac-
tice?
29. The ozone layer is damaged by A. Mowing your lawn
A. CFCs B. planting more trees when some are
B. Increase in greenhouse gases cut down
C. Increased global temperatures C. Using oil instead of natural gas
D. Sulfuric and nitric acids D. Having more cattle to take care of the
grass and weeds
30. Deforestation is a large topic for debate
as well as the impact it has on the envi- 35. Which of the following is an example of a
ronment. Deforestation is mitigation strategy?
A. the amount of successful farming that A. using renewable resources
occurs within a season. B. using non-emissions energy sources
B. another term for crops. C. using energy efficient products
C. the planting of trees and forests. D. all of them
D. the cutting down of trees and forests. 36. Greenhouse gases are important to our
31. How does the warming of ocean affect the planet’s survival because
adaptation patterns of marine life? A. They create a natural cooling effect
A. They eat food less since they are not that keeps us from burning up.
hungry when it’s hot. B. They create oxygen which we need to
B. Warmer water makes them sleepy. breathe.
C. Their migratory patterns are changing. C. They fuel the cars we drive.
D. They keep our earth warm enough to
D. Summer seems longer so fish are Cool- sustain life.
ing less. 37. Which of the following resources is the
most harmful to its environment?
32. Global average warming is the result of
A. Trees
A. The Ozone Hole
B. Cotton
B. Natural Earth Climate Cycles
C. Cows
C. A Human-Caused Increase in Green-
house Gases D. Sea Salt
D. Aliens 38. Reducing the emissions of which gas will
lead to reducing the greenhouse effect?
33. All of the following are things you can do
to help cut down the production of carbon A. oxygen
dioxide EXCEPT.. B. nitrogen
A. recycling C. argon
B. changing light bulbs D. carbon dioxide

39. An increase in Earth’s average surface tem- 45. Summers are caused by
perature. A. a combo of longer days and more di-
A. Climate change rect rays from the sun
B. Global warming B. less direct rays from the sun
C. Global climate change C. longer days and shorter nights
D. Greenhouse gases D. more direct rays and shorter days
40. What is it called when CO2 is absorbed by
NARAYAN CHANGDER
46. The last 2.6 million years of geographical
the ocean and reacts with seawater to pro- time is known as
duce acid.
A. Jurassic
A. water pollution
B. Quarry
B. ocean acidification
C. seaweed salad vinegar C. Quaternary
D. hydrochloric acid D. Tertiary
41. What of the following is NOT used as evi- 47. Impacts of climate change is most likely to
dence for climate change? include which of the following?
A. Rising Sea levels A. Overall increase in global fisheries.
B. Shrinking Ice core samples B. Overall global increase in pests.
C. Changes in precipitation C. Overall increase in global drinking wa-
D. Last year was the hottest ever on Earth ter supplies.
D. Overall increase in global crop produc-
42. Which of the following prevents UV rays
tion.
from reaching Earth?
A. The ozone layer 48. Which of the following is NOT a way to
lower greenhouse gas emissions?
B. The biosphere
C. The lithosphere A. walking to school
D. The hydrosphere B. turning off the water when you brush

your teeth
43. What is causing climate change
C. leaving the TV on when no one is
A. wind watching it
B. the sun D. buying locally grown fruits and vegeta-
C. green house gasses bles
D. water 49. Which of the following is a human activity
44. How has the temperature changed over that can cause climate change?
the years? A. burning fossil fuels
A. Has increased B. removing greenhouse gases
B. Has decreased C. using alternative energy sources
C. Stayed the same D. increasing particulates from volca-
D. none of above noes

50. Which is a possible consequence of global B. Glass

warming? C. Sun

A. an increase in the amount of coral D. Ground
reefs
56. The melting of land ice worldwide has
B. a decrease in temperature, causing
what impact on ocean levels?
earlier frosts
A. Seal levels rise
C. an increase in the number of heat
waves, causing droughts B. Sea levels are unaffected
D. a decrease in temperature, causing C. Sea levels decrease
shorter growing seasons D. none of above
51. What is the percentage of oxygen in the 57. We can help maintain earths climate and
atmosphere? reduce global warming by
A. 78% A. increasing the use of CFC’s
B. 0% B. Use more fossil fuels
C. 21% C. reducing CO2 emissions
D. 1% D. driving our own car
52. Which of the following gases IS NOT con- 58. Carbon dioxide is released in the atmo-
sidered a greenhouse gas? sphere MAINLY by
A. carbon dioxide A. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil
B. nitrogen B. Bacteria in soil and ocean

C. Cows
C. water vapor
D. Growing rice
D. methane
59. As the ice (hydrosphere/cryosphere on
53. Which surface has the greatest albedo?
Earth melts, what impact does it have on
A. Snow the other ‘spheres’?
B. Dark, exposed soil A. All other spheres are affected by melt-
C. Areas with dense plant cover ing sea ice.
D. Ocean water B. There is no impact on the other
spheres.
54. The impact on the planet due to global C. Only the hydrosphere is affected
warming is called
D. Only the biosphere is affected
A. climate change
60. This is the term for the weather patterns
B. the seasons
that an area experiences over a long pe-
C. the weather riod of time?
D. natural change A. climate
55. If the Earth is like a greenhouse, carbon B. weather
dioxide in the atmosphere is like C. available energy
A. Plants D. position in space

61. Which of the following is NOT a contribu- B. increase in the average global temper-
tor to climate change? ature
A. Sustainable growing practices. C. melting of polar ice caps
B. Deforestation.
D. all of the above
C. Refrigerator coolants.
D. Excess food waste. 67. How does burning coal hurt the environ-
ment?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
62. Which gas is the largest anthropogenic con-
tributor to global warming? A. Air pollution
A. CO2 B. Cutting down forests
B. CH4 C. Ruins statues
C. CFCs
D. Burning down ant farms
D. N2O
68. International limits on CFC production to
63. What is convection?
protect the ozone layer
A. The transfer of heat (energy) through
rays or waves. A. Montreal Protocol
B. The transfer of heat between two B. New York Protocol
molecules in direct contact.
C. Paris Protocol
C. The transfer of heat when hot
molecules rise and colder molecules fall D. Tokyo Protocol
or sink.
69. can use wind to produce enough elec-
D. none of above
tricity to power 9 million homes and pro-
64. The main human activity that releases duces no greenhouse effects once built, but
greenhouse gases is are limited to certain areas of the world
and could be a cause of wildlife death.
A. using bottled water
B. burning fossil fuels A. Nuclear energy
C. texting on cellphones B. Wind energy
D. eating meat C. Water energy
65. What is weather over a long period of D. none of above
time?
A. A tropical vacation 70. The phenomenon of gases being trapped in
our atmosphere and acting like a blanked
B. Weather
warming the Earth is known as
C. Climate
A. the coriolis effect
D. Science
B. the doplar effect
66. Which of the following are evidence of cli-
mate change? C. the greenhouse effect
A. extreme weather events D. none of above

71. What effects does global warming have on 76. Which of the following is a notable cause
the hydrologic (water) cycle? of global warming.

A. Increases the rate of evaporation from A. Liquids
land B. CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
B. Increases the rate of evaporation from C. Cellular respiration
the sea
D. Human activity
C. Increases the amount of water vapor
the atmosphere can hold 77. El Nino is , while La Nina is They
D. All of the above are opposite phases of oscillation of wind
and water. Both reflect changes in winds
72. It is expected that, with global warming, and ocean currents and have an effect on
diseases now commonly found in warm re- earths overall temperatures.
gions will soon A. warm:cold
A. transmit from humans to animals. B. cold:warm
B. be less contagious. C. warm:hot
C. become hot spots. D. cold:hot
D. spread to colder regions.
78. Carbon Dioxide-2 Truths and a Lie, Pick a
73. The warming of the earth’s surface and at- lie
mosphere due to gases in the air that trap A. The concentration of carbon dioxide
energy from the sun is known as in Earth’s atmosphere is at a record-
A. climate change breaking level
B. global warming B. For the very first time in history, car-
bon dioxide levels have exceeded 400
C. greenhouse effect
parts per million
D. bluehouse effect
C. Carbon dioxide is a pollutant in the at-
74. If the Great Ocean Conveyor belt was dis- mosphere
rupted which of these continental areas D. none of above
would be impacted the most?
79. As DDT moves up the trophic levels in food
A. Europe
chains, or food webs, its concentration
B. North America
A. stays the same
C. Australia
B. increases
D. South Africa
C. decreases
75. A family’s can contribute largely to D. none of above
adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
80. Which is the following causes the differ-
A. eating habits ence in weather that we see during the
B. vehicle different seasons.
C. pets A. The distance from the sun.
D. none of above B. The rotation of the Earth.

C. The angle at which the sun’s rays hit 86. Which is a possible result of rising ocean
the Earth. temperatures caused by global warming?
D. Distance from the moon. A. formation of dust bowls
B. increase in strength of hurricanes
81. How can sea levels rise because of global
warming? C. rapid evaporation of water in soil
A. global warming makes more rain D. decrease in population due to health
threats
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. global warming is the cause of melting
glaciers and polar ice caps 87. What is the biggest danger posed by
C. severe weather is caused by global global warming to people living in coastal
warming areas?
A. increased precipitation
D. none of above
B. increased acidity of sea water
82. The Maldives is located in
C. lack of carbon dioxide in the atmo-
A. The Atlantic ocean sphere
B. The southern ocean D. rising sea level
C. The Indian ocean 88. How long does it take for carbon dioxide
D. The Pacific ocean in the atmosphere to disperse?
A. 1 year
83. of scientists believe what is causing cli-
mate change? B. 10 years
A. Animals and Plants C. 50 years

D. 100+ years
B. Eco-Friendly Cars
C. Humans 89. “Keep global temperature increase below
2 C above pre-industrial levels”
D. Conservation of energy
A. Kyoto Protocol
84. Oil, gasoline and coal are all examples of B. Copenhagen Accords
this type of fuel.
C. Paris Climate Agreement
A. natural gases
D. none of above
B. fossil fuels
90. Which of the following is an example of
C. alternative fuels
human impact on climate changes?
D. bio-fuels A. Changes in the tilt of Earth’s axis
85. This prevents damaging ultraviolet radia- B. Volcanic ash
tion from the sun from reaching the earth. C. Increases in CO2 production
A. Stratosphere D. Changes in solar output
B. Hemisphere
91. What is the average weather for a partic-
C. Ozone Layer ular time and region called?
D. Ionosphere A. drought

B. weather B. summer
C. emissions C. winter

D. climate D. fall
92. Deciduous fruit and nut trees need enough
chilling temperatures each winter to begin 97. How does global warming affect polar
to flower in the spring. This is know as bears?
A. spring thaw A. It could drive polar bears to warmer

climates
B. cold hours
C. warming trend B. It could cause wildfires in polar bears’
habitats
D. chill factor
C. It could cause severe weather pat-
93. How can deforestation influence the cli- terns in the Arctic
mate of an area?
D. It could melt the sea ice which would
A. By increasing carbon dioxide levels in impact their food supply
the atmosphere.
B. By cooling surrounding temperatures. 98. Albedo can best be described as
A. the temperature at the equator
C. By decreasing carbon dioxide levels in
B. the amount of solar radiation ab-
the atmosphere.
sorbed
D. By increasing habitats for animals.
C. the amount of solar radiation reflected
94. As a result of climate change food prices
could
D. the air pressure during El Nino
A. increase
B. decrease 99. Reducing the use of plastics, especially
single-use plastics, is important in fighting
C. stay the same
climate change because
D. none of above
A. fossil fuels are used to produce most
95. which is not a major contributor to global plastics
warming?
B. energy is used to produce plastics
A. the use of mined alternative fuel
sources C. harmful air emissions are produced
when plastics are made
B. fossil fuel use
D. all of the above
C. industrial agriculture
D. the use of solar or wind energy 100. The pH of acid rain is
96. In which season in the Northern Hemi- A. 6.2
sphere does carbon dioxide in the atmo- B. 5.6
sphere decrease as a result of natural pro-
cesses? C. 4.1
A. spring D. 7

101. What type of weather is associated with 107. What is the definition of weather?
a high pressure system? A. a period of abnormally dry weather
A. Thunderstorms that lasts at least 2 years
B. Flooding rain B. the specific condition of the atmo-
C. Clear weather sphere at a particular place and time
D. Tornadoes C. a complex community of organisms
and the community’s environment
102. Name the model used to describe atmo-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. a release of toxic gas
spheric circulation and the distribution of
precipitation and temperature 108. Recycling is one way to
A. Daisy World A. reduce greenhouse gas emissions
B. Tricellular model B. reduce your effort to think clean
C. ENSO C. increase greenhouse gases
D. none of above D. increase carbon dioxide output
103. The layer of the atmosphere that contains 109. ozone protects living organisms by
greenhouse gases A. enhancing solar energy
A. troposphere B. blocking infra red rays
B. stratosphere C. preventing the escape of water vapor
C. thermosphere D. blocking UV rays
D. mesosphere
110. Scientists believe this to be the major
104. How can coral be bleached? cause of global warming
A. Warm water A. heat transfer
B. animals B. increased nitrogen levels
C. life C. increased carbon dioxide levels
D. fish D. the use of radiation
105. What do humans do that releases green- 111. Which of the following is not a green-
house gases into the atmosphere? house gas?
A. Burn fossil fuels (like gas and coal) A. Carbon dioxide
B. Build cement buildings B. Methane
C. Ride bikes and use solar energy C. Water vapour
D. Compete in the Olympics D. Nitrogen
106. Global warming is known as the gradual 112. Which is a primary energy source used by
increase in of the atmosphere. power plants to generate electricity?
A. precipitation A. coal
B. sun spots B. wood
C. temperature C. gasoline
D. ocean currents D. batteries

113. Which of the following is contributing to 118. Multiple sources, including the production
an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmo- and application of fertilizer and car ex-
sphere? haust.

A. deforestation A. Carbon dioxide
B. photosynthesis B. Methane
C. oceans C. Water Vapor

D. Nitrous Oxide
D. all of the above
119. Which choice below shows the 2 human
114. Which is a green-house gas? activities that have been linked to the ex-
A. Methane ponential growth of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere?
B. Oxygen
A. Recycling and reducing use of materi-
C. Hydrogen als.
D. Ammonium B. Burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
115. How does an increase in carbon dioxide

C. Planting trees and reducing fossil fuel
affect global temperature?
use.
A. decreases
D. none of above
B. increases
120. Which is a natural source of greenhouse
C. does not affect temperature gases that cause climate change?
D. temperature stays the same A. burning fossil fuels
B. deforestation
116. What are some effects of global warm-
ing? C. volcanic eruptions
A. increase in ice caps and lower sea lev- D. none of above
els 121. How could we reduce CO2 in the atmo-
B. increase in tree growth and melting of sphere?
ice caps A. We cannot reduce the CO2 in the atmo-
C. Flooding and melting of ice caps sphere!
D. none of above B. We could recycle more.
C. We could stop driving.
117. What is a consequence that increasing hu-
D. Reducing the use of fossil fuels Plant-
man populations could have?
ing more trees Regulating the energy in-
A. decreasing global temperatures due to dustry Investing in renewable energy All
decreased use of fossil fuels of the above
B. increasing global temperatures due to 122. What is the definition of CONVECTION
increased use of fossil fuels
A. When heat transfers through waves.
C. a decreased heat island effect
B. When heat transfers from objects that
D. all of these are touching.

C. a hot liquid or air that expands, be- C. Increase in both wet and dry extremes
comes less dense, and rises or becomes
more dense, and sinks.
D. Climate change doesn’t alter precipita-
D. Heat traveling from the sun tion
123. Due to the Coriolis Effect, ocean currents 128. Which of these is not an example of car-
flow in the northern hemisphere. bon sequestration?
A. clockwise A. planting more trees and green spaces
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. counter-clockwise
C. randomly B. Reducing coal based electricity
D. slower C. Fertilizing the ocean with iron to en-
courage algae growth.
124. harnesses the power of naturally oc-
curing steam from the Earth. D. all of the above
A. Geothermal energy 129. Which of the following are consequences

B. Nuclear energy associated with climate change?
C. Wind energy A. Ice sheets and glaciers decrease in
size and oceans become more acidic
D. none of above
B. earh’s average temperature increases
125. Ocean acidification causes damage to and and global sea levels rise
coral reefs. What effect does this have on
fish? C. extreme weather like droughts
A. there is less coral for fish to each D. All of the above
B. there is more space for fish to swim 130. If you took away the atmosphere’s nat-
C. it destroys the fish’s habitat causing ural greenhouse effect, and everything
the number of fish to decline else stayed the same, Earth’s temperature
would be
D. it provides extra calcium for fish
A. 10-20◦ F warmer
126. Which of the following shows the effects
B. 30-40◦ F warmer
of climate change?
A. rising of sea level C. 10-20◦ F cooler
B. deforestation of the forest D. 50-60◦ F cooler
C. siltation of bodies of water 131. How is evidence on climate chnage ob-

D. coastal erosion in some places tained?
A. Using remote sensing from space with
127. How is climate change altering precipita-
satellites
tion in the U.S.?
B. Ground-based measurements
A. Increasing extreme precipitation ev-
erywhere C. collecting data from tree rings, ice
cores and historical data
B. Increasing length of droughts every-
where D. all of the above

132. The goal of mitigation strategies is to C. From the land to the ocean
A. reduce the amount of greenhouse gas D. From the ocean to the land

emissions
138. which of the following are not a green-
B. do nothing house gas?
C. increase the amount of greenhouse A. water vapor
gas emissions
B. oxygen
D. adjust to the effects of climate change.
C. methane
133. What is the global temperature changes D. carbon dioxide
doing to certain animals?
139. Increased carbon dioxide may cause
A. increasing food source
global warming by
B. decreasing habitats
A. allowing more sunlight into the atmo-
C. increasing access to water sources sphere.
D. none of above B. reflecting more sunlight from clouds.
134. Which surface has the least albedo af- C. reducing the amount of oxygen in the
fect? air.
A. ocean water D. trapping more heat in the atmosphere.
B. areas with lots of plant cover 140. What gases do volcanoes release when
C. dark exposed soil they erupt?
D. snow A. Lava and ash

B. Nitrous oxide and methane
135. What is the international environmental
agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emis- C. Water vapor and carbon dioxide
sions called? D. none of above
A. Kyoto Protocol 141. which of the following would not be a
B. United Nations Clean Air Act consequence of global warming
C. United Nations Environmental Act A. increase polar ice mass
D. Kilimanjaro Agreement B. rising sea levels
C. increased frequency of storms
136. has contributed to less snow fall and
therefore less snow melt that drains into D. increase in major droughts
the Colorado River.
142. Historical Temps-2 Truths and a Lie, Pick
A. The greenhouse effect the lie
B. Climate change A. Ice core data shows that Earth’s cli-
C. Weather patterns changing mate has always changed
D. none of above B. Earth has experienced warmer period
in the past
137. How does the air move in a land breeze? C. Earth’s temperatures have never been
A. From east to west as high as they are today
B. From west to east D. none of above

143. A negative consequence of a decreased B. EPA

ozone layer (which would allow in more C. CIA
UV Rays)?
D. FBI
A. increase of freckles
B. cooler earth temperatures 149. Climate change can lead to
C. plants not able to photosynthesize A. sea level rise and floods in coastal ar-
eas
D. warmer temperatures
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. droughts
144. Which of these is not a currently pre-
C. spread of dengue fever and malaria
dicted effect of global climate change?
D. all of the above
A. rising sea levels
B. increased precipitation everywhere on 150. What is conduction?
the globe A. The transfer of heat (energy) through
C. reduction in Arctic sea ice rays or waves.
D. more severe storms B. The transfer of heat between two
145. Climate change causes extreme weather
conditions such as: C. The transfer of heat when hot
molecules rise and colder molecules fall
A. excessive heat or sink.
B. drought D. none of above
C. extreme storms
151. The gases that make up Earth’s atmo-
D. all of these sphere are commonly referred to as air.
146. Melting ice caps will cause the poles to What are the two most abundant gases in
have a albedo. the atmosphere?
A. higher A. nitrogen and carbon dioxide
B. lower B. nitrogen and oxygen
C. same C. water vapor and argon
D. none of above D. oxygen and carbon dioxide
147. What do scientists have to measure 152. Places where carbon is stored over long
changes in Earth’s geologic past? periods of time, are called
A. Direct temperature readings A. Carbon causes
B. Climate proxies B. Carbon cycles
C. Eyewitness accounts by cavemen C. Carbon sinks
D. none of above D. Carbon sources
148. The is a government agency that 153. Cities having less trees and more asphalt
serves us by enforcing and forming laws trapping more solar radiation than areas
that protect the environment. that are rural is known as
A. DDT A. urban heat island effect

B. greenhouse effect 159. Which definition best describes global

C. global warming warming?

D. none of above A. a long-term change in the Earth’s cli-
mate
154. What is the process called in which
gasses in Earth’s atmosphere trap heat B. a long-term increase in the Earth’s av-
and send it back down to Earth’s surface erage temperature
making it 60 F warmer than it would be? C. a long-term change in the climate of a
A. El nino region or a city
B. Greenhouse effect D. solar heat that is radiated out into
space
C. Reconvectionation
D. Global warming 160. Which of the following is NOT a way to
combat climate change?
155. help reduce the urban heat island ef-
fect by shading the ground and allowing A. Cap-and-trade
less solar absoption. B. Weakening restrictions in the Clean air
A. Pets act.
B. Trees and vegetation C. Carbon Taxes
C. Big trucks D. Carbon offsets
D. none of above
161. The land on the side of the mountain
156. climate change can cause all of the follow- range is in the rain shadow.
ing except
A. Cold
A. a better Earth for humans
B. windward
B. increased temperatures
C. Cloud covered
C. decreased biodiversity
D. sea level rise D. leeward
157. The negative effect of the increased rate 162. How are humans making greenhouse
of global warming can be addressed by gases of our own?
A. using energy more efficiently A. burning fossil fuels in our cars
B. reducing deforestation B. burning forests
C. shifting to renewable energy sources C. with large-scale agriculture
D. all of the above D. all of the above
158. Which of the following might happen due
163. What is it called when coral loses its
to global warming?
color?
A. melting polar ice caps
A. bleaching
B. strong waves in the ocean
B. white out
C. lower sea levels
C. colorization
D. decrease in Earth’s surface tempera-
ture D. none of above

164. Global warming refers specifically to an B. Intensive Farming to produce crops

increase in and livestock
A. the number of storms on Earth. C. Deforestation and human activities
B. precipitation from Earth’s atmosphere. D. all of the above
170. What is the Greenhouse Effect?

C. temperatures everywhere on Earth.
A. The name of climate change legislation
D. Earth’s average surface temperature. that passed by congress
NARAYAN CHANGDER
165. What happens to the density (thick- B. When you paint your house green to
ness)/air pressure of the air as you leave become an environmentalist
Earth?
C. When the gasses in our atmosphere
A. air gets thicker trap heat and block it from escaping our
B. air gets thinner planet
C. air stays the same D. When you build a greenhouse
D. air disappears 171. Which of the following is NOT a green-
house gas?
166. What is currently happening to polar re-
gions? A. Carbon dioxide CO2
A. nothing B. Methane CH4
B. freezing C. Water vapor
C. moving D. Nitrogen N2
D. melting 172. Changes in temperature are expected to
be greatest
167. Which of the following are considered the
major greenhouse gases? A. near the equator
A. water vapor and ozone B. near the poles
B. water vapor and carbon dioxide C. between the equator and the North
Pole
C. ozone and carbon dioxide
D. between the equator and the South
D. ozone and methane
Pole
168. In a geography context, an ice age is
173. Which of the following would rising sea
A. The amount of time it takes for ice to levels NOT effect?
form
A. Increased evaporation rates
B. An extended period of time when it is
cold B. Lost wetlands and estuaries
C. A series of films C. Coastal erosion and landslides
D. When light is absorbed by ocean D. Coastal flooding
169. Which of the following causes global 174. The two largest fuel sources are?
warming? A. wood and coal
A. Burning of fossil fuels B. wood and natural gas

C. oil and nuclear power 180. Which of the following is a personal

D. coal and oil change we could make in our daily life that
would help reduce climate change?

175. Why is the increase of Greenhouse A. change incandescent light bulbs to
gasses a big issue? compact fluorescent bulbs
A. It causes climate change and increase B. recycle a container
in the global temerature C. carpool to work and school
B. It can lead to a major increase in D. all of the above
Greenhouses
C. It leads to more factories 181. If the Great Ocean Conveyor were to
be disrupted by the flow of freshwater
D. It causes a major decrease in people from Greenland, which of these continen-
tal areas would experience the greatest
176. Which of these countries emits the most impact?
carbon dioxide
A. North America
A. China
B. Western Europe
B. USA
C. Australia
C. Russia
D. Southern Africa
D. Philippines
182. Earth would be too cold to support life
177. If the Earth is like a greenhouse, carbon without
dioxide in the atmosphere is like A. global warming
A. Plants B. the greenhouse effect
B. Glass C. tropics
C. Sun D. seasons
D. Ground
183. Climate change is defined as a change in
178. Which of the following was the only coun- the average temperature over a period of
try not to join the Kyoto Protocol? at least
A. 300 years
A. America
B. 300, 000 years
B. Britain
C. 3 decades
C. France
D. 3 millions years
D. Germany
184. Streams of water called ocean move
179. What is one problem with stopping the warm or cold water, warming the nearby
use of crude oil? land.
A. The cost of setting up solar panels A. sun spots
B. The cost of coal B. currents
C. It will hurt the environment C. carbon dioxide
D. We don’t have any other options D. air masses

185. “Its hot and sunny out today!” is a dec- 191. Why are too many greenhouse gases bad
laration of for the environment?
A. climate A. They cause trees to die.
B. what clothes to wear B. They release heat and will be the
C. weather cause of the next ice age.
D. none of above C. They trap heat in our atmosphere caus-
ing the planet to warm up.
186. Carbon is stored in
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. They are fossil fuels which pollute our
A. Trees and other living things environment.
B. Oceans 192. What two factors are used to classify cli-
C. underground in soil and fossil fuels mate in the Koppen climate classification
D. All are correct systems?
A. Temperature and air pressure
187. Which of the following have been linked
to climate change? B. Temperature and precipitation
A. droughts C. Precipitation and Location
B. flooding D. Elevation and latitude
C. melting of polar ice caps 193. Planting trees is one way to
D. all of the above A. reduce the impact of carbon dioxide.
188. Gases such as water vapor and carbon B. increase the output of carbon dioxide.
dioxide that trap heat near Earth are
known as C. decrease photosynthesis.
A. global gases. D. increase deforestation efforts.
B. greenhouse gases. 194. Which of these areas would the COLD-
C. proxy gases. EST?
D. offset gases. A. A high elevation area in a tropical zone
189. The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in
smog combine with water to B. A low elevation area in a tropical zone
A. mist.
C. A low elevation area in a polar zone
B. acid rain.
D. A high elevation area in a polar zone
C. fossil fuels.
D. gasoline 195. What is the greenhouse effect?
A. When the gasses in our atmosphere
190. A temporary cold water event in the Pa- trap the heat and block it from escaping
cific Ocean is called: our planet
A. El Guapo B. When the house is colored green
B. hurricane C. When you see green house
C. El Nino D. Makes up the vast majority of green-
D. La Nina house

196. Scientists determine current climate con- 202. What is the definition of renewable en-
ditions by ergy sources?

A. making direct measurements. A. sources of energy that will never go
B. creating computer models. away or be used up
C. examining ice cores. B. Sources of energy that can go away

and be used up
D. using proxy indicators.
C. Wind, Solar, Hydro, Geothermal
197. Heat and moisture are distributed around D. Coal, Oil, Gas
Earth by
203. How does the use of fossil fuels compare
A. Transpiration
to the global temperature compare to each
B. Global Winds other?
C. Precipitation A. They both are trending upwards
D. Rain Shadows B. They both are trending downwards
198. The majority of the sea ice is located C. Fossil fuel is trending up, but temp is
trending down
A. Antarctica and Greenland
D. Fossil fuel is trending down, but temp
B. North America is trending up.
C. Arctic
204. The Kyoto Protocol wanted to lower CO2
D. South Africa by what percent of the 1990 levels?
199. If the sea level rises, it would affect what A. 2%
population the most? B. 5%
A. people living in coastal cities C. 10%
B. people living on mountains D. 15%
C. people living in deserts 205. What is climate?
D. none of above A. What’s going on with the atmosphere
200. The main human activity that releases at any particular time
carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere B. The type of weather that occurs during
is a particular season
A. using bottled water C. An area’s pattern of weather over a
long period of time
B. burning fossil fuels
D. How much sunshine an area gets
C. texting on cellphones
D. eating meat 206. Which of the following examples given in
the text were impacted by the lack of cold
201. Which layer is the outermost layer? hours?
A. troposphere A. pistachio, peach, and cherry
B. thermosphere B. apple, peach, and cherry
C. exosphere C. pistachio, peach, and almond
D. mesosphere D. pistachio, walnut, and cherry

207. During the inter-glacial period, polar ice 212. Increased carbon dioxide may cause
global warming by trapping more in
the atmosphere.
A. has reached much further south
B. collided with other areas of polar ice A. water
C. got thicker B. gases
D. retreated C. heat
D. water vapor
NARAYAN CHANGDER
208. A natural process in which certain gases
on the atmosphere keep heat near the 213. Which of the following factors con-
Earth and prevent it from radiating into tributes most to the albedo effect?
space.
A. Increase in ice cover.
A. Greenhouse effect
B. Increase in forestation.
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Increase in ocean cover.
C. Greenhouse gases
D. Increase in urban areas.
D. Methane
214. Because Earth’s axis is , the hemi-
209. What can you do to help fight climate
spheres receive different amounts of solar
change?
energy at different times.
A. Do not support companies using fossil
A. straight
fuel.
B. titled
B. Engage yourself in the science behind
climate change C. bent
C. Vote for political candidates who will D. not there
support for climate-related legislation
and policy improvements 215. How are greenhouse gases harming our
environment?
D. All of the above
A. They aren’t
210. The sun’s rays are least direct
B. Less heat is able to escape causing the
A. near the poles Earth to cool down
B. near the equator C. Less heat is able to escape causing the
C. at high altitudes Earth to warm up
D. far from the ocean D. More heat is able to escape
211. Which of the following statements best 216. Which one of these does not add CO2 to
describe the solutions to climate change? the atmosphere?
A. Stop down the cutting of tress A. cooking with gas
B. Less use of the fossil fuels B. planting trees
C. More consumption on energy C. burning wood
D. Focused on the renewal energy D. riding in a bus

217. As you go to the top of a mountain, what B. Growing seasons are becoming longer
happens to temperature? in some areas

A. Nothing C. The range of insects is increasing
B. It increases D. all of the above
C. It decreases 223. Reduced vegetation on Earth results in:
D. It goes up and down A. more carbon dioxide in the atmo-
sphere
218. Which of the following activities con-
tribute the most to carbon emissions glob- B. increased habitats
ally? C. less room for humans
A. Energy Supply D. more oxygen in the atmosphere
B. Transport
224. In which year was the Kyoto Protocol
C. Agriculture agreed?
D. Forestry A. 1980
219. Which of the following is considered an B. 1997
impact of climate change? C. 2000
A. droughts and wildfires D. 2005
B. change in animal adaptations
225. Trees are so important to our environ-
C. heavier rainfalls and intense typhoons ment because they absorb (sink) which
greenhouse gas?
D. all of the above A. methane
220. The addition of into the atmosphere B. water vapor
is contributing to global climate changes. C. carbon dioxide
A. nitrogen D. oxygen
B. water vapor
226. Which of the following is NOT a factor in
C. oxygen determining climate?
D. carbon dioxide A. Tsunami events.
221. The temperature and precipitation at one B. Latitude.
place at one particular time. C. Topography.
A. Climate D. Elevation.
B. Weather
227. Which would you expect to have the high-
C. Global Warming est albedo?
D. Temperature A. dirt
222. Which of these is an observable impact B. sand

of global climate change? C. ice
A. Glaciers are shrinking D. water

228. How do humans affect climate change? 233. What technology can be added to a home
A. by burning fossil fuels and deforesta- to help prevent it flying away in a tor-
tion nado?
B. sun cycles and particles in the atmo- A. metal straps attaching your house to
sphere your foundation
C. by taking carbon dioxide out of the air B. cinder blocks that hold down your
house
D. El Nino and La Nina
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. sand bags that block water from flood-
229. Naturally present in the form of clouds. ing the house
A. Carbon dioxide D. hope and dreams
B. Water Vapor 234. Which side of a mountain range is closer
C. Nitrous Oxide to the ocean?
D. Oxygen A. leeward
230. Changing environmental conditions as a B. windward

consequence of climate change will lead to C. rainshadow
which of the following? D. eastside
A. Movement of species to lower alti-
tudes. 235. How does atmospheric carbon dioxide af-
fect global temperature?
B. Movement of species towards the
west. A. more CO2, lower temperature
C. Movement of species towards the B. less CO2, lower temperature

poles. C. less CO2, higher temperature
D. Movement of species towards the D. more CO2, higher temperature
equator.
236. Which organisation is responsible for co-
231. How many human deaths per year does ordinating this international agreements?
the World Health Organization attribute to A. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
climate change?
B. United Nations
A. 1, 500, 000
C. League of Nations
B. 1, 500
D. Climate Change.org
C. 10, 500
D. 150, 000 237. What is radiation?
A. The transfer of heat (energy) through
232. It is an increase in the temperature of the rays or waves.
Earth’s atmosphere primarily due to car-
bon dioxide emission. B. The transfer of heat between two
A. Global warming
C. The transfer of heat when hot
B. Climate Change molecules rise and colder molecules fall
C. El Nino or sink.
D. La Nina D. none of above

238. When solar radiation hits the surface of 243. Why do we need greenhouse gasses?
the earth, what happens to most of it?
A. We don’t! All greenhouse gasses are

A. it bounces off the earth back out to bad
space
B. They help regulate Earth’s climate
B. people collect it for energy
C. They decrease Earth’s temperature
C. the land, water and plants absorb it
D. none of above
239. The sun’s rays are least direct near the 244. What percentage of the global green-
equator. house gas emissions does the transporta-
tion sector emit?
A. True
A. 1%
B. False. The sun’s rays are least direct
near the poles. B. 14%
C. False. The sun’s rays are least direct C. 33%
at high altitudes.
D. 70%
D. False. The sun’s rays are least direct
far from the ocean. 245. Which of the following will be an positive
effect of global warming
240. What type of ecosystem is a coral reef?
A. droughts and forest fires
A. Mangrove
B. increase in heat stroke
B. Tundra
C. Desert C. long growing season for some plants
D. Marine D. the spread of diseases
241. How does increased carbon dioxide lev- 246. What is one example of something that
els affect the oceans can be done about climate change on an in-
dividual scale?
A. it decreases the amount of available
oxygen A. Make a cup of tea
B. it causes the pH to become lower and B. Using less items that run on fossil fu-
more acidic els
C. it cause the pH to become higher and C. Showering five times a day
more basic
D. Eating McDonalds for dinner each day
D. it causes the amount of salt to de- of the week
crease
247. What gas from the list below is a major
242. Each one of these gases is a greenhouse
cause of global warming?
gas, except which one?
A. carbon dioxide A. Urethane
B. water vapor B. Oxygen

C. hydrogen dioxide C. Carbon Dioxide
D. methane D. none of above

248. Organisms that do not decompose can be C. skin cancer

buried and become what? D. whooping cough
A. water
254. Which of the following natural events
B. nutrients would be most likely to contribute to the
C. air cooling of Earth’s atmosphere?
D. fossil fuels A. Earthquake
249. Islands that are made of coral are called B. Hurricane
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Volcanism
A. Countries D. Monsoon
B. Spits
255. What can you do to prevent climate
C. Atolls change in your level?
D. States A. Drive your car less and use public
transport
250. Which natural hazzard could be pre-
vented B. Turn off the lights when not in use
A. Earthquake C. Recycle the materials
B. Tornado D. All of the above
C. Hailstorm 256. A temporary warm water event in the
D. Avalanche Pacific Ocean is called
A. El Guapo
251. Which of these statements accurately de-
scribes the climate period the Earth is cur- B. hurricane
rently in? C. El Nino
A. A glacial period within an ice age D. La Nina
B. An interglacial period within an ice age
257. This phenomenon is characterized by
heavy rainfall beyond normal due to the
C. The Earth is currently not in an ice age decrease of the temperature in eastern Pa-
cific.
D. none of above A. El Nino
252. Clues to ancient climates were like come B. La Nina
from C. Upwelling
A. ice cores D. Ocean Current
B. fossil tree rings
258. As greenhouse gases increase, what hap-
C. plant pollens pens to Earth’s temperature?
D. all of the above A. Increase
253. UV Radiation is a primary cause of B. Decrease
A. migraines C. Stays the Same
B. asthma D. No Trend

259. Where can you find carbon? A. Electricity

A. Only in Earth’s atmosphere B. Electrolysis

B. Inside all water molecules C. El Nino
C. Inside the sun D. El Nina
D. Inside every living thing on Earth
265. What is NOT a predicted effect of climate
260. Which of the following is not a conse- change on the atmosphere?
quence of a warmer Earth? A. More severe weather
A. Rising Sea Levels B. increased incidence of drought
B. A change in global weather patterns C. changes in precipitation
C. Increased heat related deaths D. more rain everywhere
266. What type of heat do greenhouse gases
261. How is climate change affecting biodiver- trap?
sity? A. Shortwave radiation
A. decreasing B. Microwave electromagnetic radiation
B. increasing C. Longwave radiation
C. it is not affecting it
D. Radio waves electromagnetic radia-
D. none of above tion
262. What is the function of the Ozone 267. On tree rings, what does a narrower ring
Layer? indicate?
A. It protects the surface of the Earth A. A dryer year
from the ultraviolet radiation
B. A wetter year
B. It protects the Earth’s surface from
C. A year with better growing conditions
the infrared radiation
C. It decreases greenhouse emissions D. A year with plenty of sunshine.
D. It builds reservoirs of carbon 268. A prevailing wind is a wind that
263. This phenomenon is characterized by ab- A. blows from north to south

normal and lengthy warming or drought. B. blows in and area regularly
It happens when the temperature in the
C. is at the equator at all times
eastern pacific rises above normal.
D. carries boats along the ocean currents
A. El Nino
B. La Nina 269. Which one of the choices below is NOT a
cause for global warming?
C. Cold current
A. Having too many farm animals
D. Warm current
B. Burning Fossil Fuels
264. A periodic change in air pressure, wind
patterns, ocean temperature, and ocean C. Planting new trees
circulation in the Pacific Ocean. D. none of above

270. Which of the following is NOT a major 275. Which of these factors most contributes
PRIMARY POLLUTANT? to current global warming?
A. Carbon Monoxide A. Sunspots
B. VOCs B. The hole in the ozone layer
C. Ozone
C. Littering
D. Lead
D. Carbon dioxide emissions
NARAYAN CHANGDER
271. What would be the most likely effect of
an increase in the use of CFCs? 276. Which if these is NOT an example of a
A. It wouldn’t make too much of a differ- climate proxy?
ence. A. Tree rings
B. The ozone holes would get larger.
B. Fossilized pollen
C. The ozone holes would get smaller.
C. Melted ice
D. Nothing would happen.
D. Coral growth bands
272. How can the planting of new trees help
reduce climate change? 277. Which particular effect of Global warm-
A. Trees help create breezes. ing that has affected many parts of
earth?
B. Trees release moisture that cools the
atmosphere. A. cooler temperature
C. Trees take in carbon dioxide from the B. season changes
atmosphere during photosynthesis.
C. melting ice
D. Trees block the release of greenhouse
gases from soil. D. none of the above
273. What percentage of tax revenue in the 278. Which country announced in 2017 that it
Maldives is generated by tourism? would withdraw from that Paris climate
A. 23% agreement?
B. 40% A. Australia
C. 75% B. Sweden
D. 90% C. The United States
274. An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth’s D. Great Britain
atmosphere is most likely to have which
effect? 279. is used in the Las Vegas area for elec-
A. decreased variations in day length tricity though the Hoover Dam.
B. increased average air temperature A. Nuclear energy
C. increased burn rate for incoming me- B. Wind energy
teoroids
C. Water energy
D. decreased rate of ozone layer destruc-
tion D. none of above

280. Global temperatures have been increas- 285. Why are we researching new fuel
ing drastically? sources?

A. since the Jurassic Era (time of di- A. so we can use more nonrenewable re-
nosaurs) 65 million yr ago sources
B. since the advent of human kind. B. so we can make more money
C. since the industrial revolution. C. so we can use less nonrenewable re-
sources
D. Climate change is not real and there
is not scientific evidence of temperature D. none of above
change.
286. What is the definition of “Greenhouse Ef-
281. Which of the following is not a suitable fect? ”
clean replacement to burning crude oil for A. Gases that increase Earth’s tempera-
energy? ture
A. Solar Energy B. when the gases in Earth’s atmosphere
B. Geothermal trap heat from the Sun and keep the
planet warm
C. Hydroelectric
C. the pattern of weather that occurs
D. Coal over time
282. Polar Bears-2 Truths and a Lie, Pick the D. When our climate changes
lie
287. Which greenhouse gas affects the climate
A. Loss of sea ice makes it difficult for po- the most?
lar bears to hunt for seals
A. water vapor
B. Polar bears are an endangered
B. carbon dioxide
species
C. methane
C. Some populations of polar bears are
actually increasing D. CFC
D. none of above 288. The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide
concentration can best be explained by the
283. converts sunlight into energy.
A. use of fossil fuels
A. Solar energy
B. volcanic activity
B. Nuclear energy
C. deforestation
C. Wind energy
D. seasonal photosynthesis
D. none of above
289. Which of the following has caused repeat-
284. What geological feature gives a sign that ing 100, 000-year cycles of ice ages in the
there have been earthquakes in an area in past?
the past?
A. an increase in sun spots
A. Sand Dunes
B. several major volcanic eruptions
B. Mountains C. changes in Earth’s orbit and tilt of its
C. Lakes axis
D. Forests D. continental drift

290. What is the greatest threats today to bi- 295. Things you can do to help decrease global
ological diversity is warming include:
A. global warming A. Eat more ice cream.
B. habitat distruction B. Keep your freezer door open.
C. acid rain C. Keep your air conditioner on high.
D. fossil fuels D. Turn off your lights when you’re not us-
ing them.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
291. How much have the global average tem-
296. These two factors are crucial to the heat-
peratures increased in the last century?
ing of our earth by redistribution of heat
A. 0.6 F
A. ocean currents and wind
B. 1.0 F
B. moon movement and waves
C. 1.4 F C. global warming and greenhouse effect
D. 2.1 F
D. ozone and acid rain
292. What is the main reason sea levels are
rising rapidly? 297. It is beconing more popular to plant
A. melting sea ice trees and vegetation on roofs of buildings.
These are known as
B. increase of water vapor in atmosphere
A. green roofs
B. cool roofs
C. melting land ice
C. pretty roofs
D. increase in floods
D. none of above
293. What effects does global climate change
have on the water cycle? 298. Climates are classified according to two
major factors:
A. Increases the rate of evaporation from
land A. elevation and precipitation
B. latitude and temperature
B. Increases the rate of evaporation from
the sea C. elevation and latitude
C. Increases the amount of water vapor D. precipitation and temperature
the atmosphere can hold
299. What two factors are affecting the
D. all of the above oceans due to climate change?
294. A change in the pattern of weather in an A. decrease in temperature and increase

area over long periods of time. in pH
A. Climate B. increase in salt levels and decrease in

sea levels
B. Weather
C. increase in temperature and decrease
C. Global Warming in pH
D. Global Climate Change D. none of above

300. Which activity is the largest source of U.S. 306. The greenhouse effect is not all bad.
greenhouse gases? What is one consequence if we did not
have the greenhouse effect on Earth?

A. vehicle emissions
B. electricity generation A. humans couldn’t suvive because it
would be too cold
C. factory emissions
B. we wouldn’t be able to go outside be-
D. geothermal power
cuase it would be too hot
301. What percentage of the Earth’s atmo- C. we wouldn’t have air to breathe
sphere is Carbon Dioxide?
D. none of above
A. 25%
B. 0.04% 307. are thought to be the cause of the
C. 3% rapid climate change that we are experi-
encing on Earth.
D. 29%
A. Cows
302. Which country currently emits the most
B. Humans
greenhouse gases?
A. India C. Clouds
B. China D. none of above
C. The United States 308. Which is a natural source of greenhouse
D. Great Britain gases?
303. Which IS a secondary air pollutant? A. aerosols
A. Acid Rain B. deforestation
B. Lead C. volcanic eruptions
C. Carbon monoxide D. burning fossil fuels
D. Sulfur dioxide
309. Where weather occurs.
304. what human activities lead to an increase A. stratosphere
in the amount of greenhouse gases and
therefore lead to climate change? B. thermosphere
A. burning fossil fuels for energy C. troposphere
B. transportation (cars, planes, trains) D. mesosphere
C. farming
310. What could be a possible solution in the
D. all of the above Maldives?
305. What are the biggest source(s) of atmo- A. Creating a giant plug to drain sea wa-
spheric methane? ter that is rising.
A. deforestation B. Carrying on as normal.
B. burning fossil fuels C. Moore floating islands to the seabed
C. melting permafrost using cables.
D. livestock D. Plant new coral.

311. To learn what climates were like in the 316. Where does most nitrous oxide emissions
past, scientists investigate the following come from?
types of evidence that serve as substi- A. fertilizers
tutes for direct measurement.
B. permafrost
A. Computer models
C. livestock
B. Proxy indicators
D. vehicles
C. Topography
NARAYAN CHANGDER
317. Scientists determine climate conditions
D. Carbon footprints today by
312. Which of the following is a natural cause A. Making direct measurements.
of sudden changes in climate? B. Creating computer models.
A. ice age C. Examining ice cores.
B. volcanic eruption D. Using dendrochronology.
C. burning fossil fuels 318. All decisions to reduce human contribu-
D. tectonic plate movement tions involve
A. Removing Nitrates from gases.
313. What is the Kyoto Protocol?
B. Trade-offs between costs and benefits.
A. guidelines for the burning of fossil fu-
els
C. Removing CO2 from coal.
B. guidelines for reducing all natural D. Reducing fossil fuel use.
causes of climate change
C. an international agreement to reduce 319. The effect of the sun heating the earth’s
greenhouse emissions surface, causing warm air to rise and cool
air to fall is called
D. an agreement by the United States to
A. convection
reduce its carbon dioxide emissions
B. current
314. A person who studies climate is C. La Nina
A. meteorologist D. front
B. climatologist
320. The Earth’s climate can be influenced by
C. forecaster a number of naturally-occurring factors.
These include
D. weather man
A. Volcanic activity
315. A relationship between two organisms in B. Changes in the sun’s energy output
which both organisms benefit.
C. Fluctuations in the Earth’s tilt or orbit
A. Mutualism
D. All of the above
B. Competition
321. where have some of the strongest and
C. Parasitsm
the earliest impacts of global warming oc-
D. Commensalism cured?

A. In the tropics A. less than 5%

B. In the northern latitudes B. about 10%

C. there have been no impacts C. more than 30%
D. impacts are distributed all over the D. more than 25%
planet
327. Which one of these could help minimize
322. The most abundant greenhouse gas in the the urban heat island effect?
atmosphere is A. plant trees and vegetation
A. oxygen B. minimize land development
B. nitrogen C. paint roofs a light color to deflect solar
C. carbon dioxide heat
D. argon D. all of these
323. Which icon represents the mechanism 328. Climate Change will cause
that affects Earth’s temperatures, and A. More intense tropical storms
that now is causing the temperatures to
B. Less intense tropical storms
increase?
C. no more storms
A. Specialized scientists removing car-
bon dioxide from the atmosphere. D. none of above
B. Greenhouse effect 329. Of the three Rs, which is the most impor-
C. Using eco-friendly technology. tant in reducing our environmental impact
D. All of the above. A. Reduce, because with no consumption,
there is no pollution or energy use.
324. Which latitude zone has hot summers and
B. Reuse, because most items can be
cold winters?
used more than once.
A. Temperate
C. Recycle, because most of use do so on
B. Tropic of Cancer a regular basis.
C. Tropics D. none of above
D. Polar
330. Why do we want to use more renewable
325. When humans burn fossil fuels, most of energy sources?
the carbon quickly enters the as carbon A. They cause more pollution
dioxide.
B. They will go away if we don’t use them
A. Water
B. Atmosphere C. They cause less pollution
C. Sun D. They are easier to create
D. Air 331. CFC’s are environmentally significant be-
326. Since we started burning fossil fuels with cause
the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric A. one chlorine atom can destroy 100,
CO2 has increased by: 000 ozone molecules

B. they are toxic to living things 337. As ocean temperatures rise, what is hap-
C. they cause fires pening to glaciers and ice caps?
D. they absorb a significant amount of A. They are getting larger.

heat B. They are becoming more dense.
332. Prior to the Industrial Era, pre-1780, C. They are melting.
known causes of climate change included D. They are moving south.
ALL BUT
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. volcanic eruptions. 338. What does Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
lead to?
B. changes in Earth’s orbit.
C. combustion of fossil fuels. A. higher population size
D. changes in the sun’s intensity. B. more sustainable activities

C. more pollution
333. The most abundant greenhouse gas is
D. none of above
A. carbon dioxide
339. Visible light reaches Earth’s surface
B. water vapour while infrared light is trapped as heat.
C. methane Which characteristic of Earth’s atmosphere
causes this to happen?
D. nitrous oxide
A. the hole in the ozone
334. An important property of air circulation
B. the greenhouse effect
is
A. warm air is denser than cold air C. atmospheric pressure
B. cold air is denser than warm air D. the inversion layer
C. salt air is denser than non salt air 340. Which of the following is NOT evidence to
D. air doesnt circulate-water does support that global warming is occurring?
A. Rising ocean temperatures
335. It is a change in the average weather of
a given area or region. B. Increases in the amount of glaciers
A. Global Warming and ice sheets at the poles
B. Weather C. Sea levels rising

C. Climate change D. Increase in carbon dioxide in the atmo-
sphere
D. Green house Effect
336. Growing rice and raising livestock pro- 341. Which human activity contributes the
duce , another greenhouse gas. MOST carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
A. methane A. Fishing
B. oxygen B. Breathing
C. nitrogen C. Burning Fossil Fuels
D. none of above D. Farming

342. Which of the following is NOT evidence A. Pangaea

of global warming? B. Super America

A. Sea level rising C. Pluto
B. Loss of Arctic Sea Ice D. United Nations
C. Less Water Vapor in the Air
348. Where does coral get food?
D. More extreme weather events
A. from the sun
343. What do humans do that releases the B. from algae
most greenhouse gases into the atmo-
sphere? C. from fish
A. Burn fossil fuels (like gas and coal) D. none of above
B. Build cement buildings 349. Why did world leaders meet in Copen-
hagen in 2009?
C. Ride bikes and use solar energy
A. Kyoto Protocol was due to end in 2012
D. Compete in the Olympics
and a new agreement was needed
344. Most of the gases contributing to climate B. Denmark was the biggest carbon emit-
change are released by burning to cre- ter in Europe so it was symbolic to hold
ate electricity. talks there
A. Trash C. It was a celebration of their success in
B. Wood (biomass) achieving the Kyoto targets
C. Tires D. none of above
D. Fossil Fuels 350. Climate change has been linked to an in-
crease in all the following diseases except
345. Which action can reduce the greenhouse
gas emissions caused by driving? A. Muscular dystrophy
A. taking more trips by car each day B. ebola
B. driving gasoline-powered automobiles C. malaria
D. Asthma
C. using public transportation
351. Which of the following industries could be
D. living farther from the workplace negatively affected by global warming?
346. When large amounts of carbon dioxide A. Insurance
dissolve in the oceans, what is the result? B. Winemaking
A. seawater with higher pH C. Commercial Fishing
B. seawater with lower pH D. All of the above
C. Rising Sea Levels 352. Which one is NOT a way of lessening im-
D. Increase Coral Growth pact of climate change?
347. Tectonic plates have moved across A. Recycle your home’s waste.
Earth’s surface over time and once formed B. Replace incandescent with fluorescent
a supercontinent called bulbs.

C. Plant native, drought resistant trees 358. Why do scientist study ice cores?
and shrubs around your house
A. They contain ancient atmospheres
D. Buy food and other products with non- trapped in bubbles in the ice.
recyclable packaging or container
B. They are great for slurpees!
353. The temperature of a body of water in- C. They are cool!
fluences
D. They record past extinction events
A. Global warming
NARAYAN CHANGDER
359. refer to the changes in Earth’s tilt, or-
B. The formation of deserts
bit and precession
C. The temperature of the air above it
A. Michigan Cycles
D. Vegetation patterns
B. Albedo
354. Which activity does not contribute to C. Milankovitch Cycles
global warming?
D. Millionaire Cycles
A. Reforestation
360. What is weather
B. Illegal fishing
A. The day to day changes in the atmo-
C. Mining activities
sphere
D. Incineration of garbage
B. The long term changes in the atmo-
355. Without the Greenhouse Effect the Earth sphere
would be C. female grains (Weat-her)
A. warm D. The rain
B. cold
361. The is a natural process in which cer-
C. dead tain gases in the atmosphere trap heat
D. none of above near Earth and prevent it from radiating
back into space.
356. Which of the following actions can reduce A. Greenhouse Zone
your impact on the climate?
B. Greenhouse Effect
A. Ride a bike to school or work
C. Tropic Layer
B. Leaving the lights on all the time
D. Heat Zone
C. Going on an airplane every year
D. none of above 362. CFCs alter the natural formation of ozone
by:
357. How much has the average global tem- A. breaking up ozone and reducing the
perature risen by since 1880 in fahrenheit amount of O2 needed to form ozone
A. 0.5 degrees B. bonding with O3
B. 1.69 degrees C. preventing UV radiation to strike
C. 5 degrees ozone

363. Which of these is not a factor in determin- B. Indian

ing cimate type? C. Atlantic

A. Altitude
D. Artic
B. winds
369. Which substance(s) have been added by
C. latitude
humans to the atmosphere to help trigger
D. all are factors climate change?
364. Where are the atmospheric measure- A. oxygen
ments of carbon dioxide taken? B. carbon monoxide
A. Near a large forest C. greenhouse gases
B. In Hawai’i, in the midst of the Pacific D. fossil fuels
Ocean
C. In the midst of a city 370. What is the safest way to protect people
from sinkholes?
D. Antarctica
A. Stronger foundations
365. What is happening to coral reefs around
B. Don’t build by sinkholes
the world?
C. Houses on stilts
A. they are growing too big
B. they are in danger of dying D. Weather Satellites
C. they pollute the ocean 371. Chlorofluorocarbons are major cause of

D. none of above
A. warm ocean water
366. How can you reduce carbon footprint?
B. ozone depletion
A. By eating less meat
C. coal creation
B. by buying less single-use plastic
D. clean swimming pools
C. by driving less
D. All the above 372. The warming of the atmosphere by the
trapping of heat being radiated to space is
367. What is the probable cause of global called
warming?
A. evaporation
A. a reduction in the number of glaciers
B. condensation
B. increased greenhouse gases in the at-
mosphere C. the greenhouse effect
C. weakened prevailing winds D. radiation
D. faster ocean currents 373. What is the relationship between eleva-
tion and climate?
368. The El Nino Southern Oscillation Cycle de-
scribes the movement of a large area of A. The higher the elevation is, the colder
warm water back and forth across which the climate.
ocean? B. The lower the elevation is, the colder
A. Pacific the climate.

C. There is no relationship between ele- 379. Which 2 greenhouse gases contribute the
vation and climate MOST to global warming of Earth?
D. The higher the elevation is, the A. N2O and H2O
warmer the climate. B. O3 and H2O
374. What does not produce carbon dioxide? C. CO2 and CH4
A. Photosynthesis D. none of above
B. Burning Fossil Fuels
NARAYAN CHANGDER
380. A major environmental problem that re-
C. Animal respiration sulted from the green revolution was
D. Plants decaying A. use of fertilizers and pesticides.
375. Which of these human activity generates B. human activity

the most greenhouse gas emissions? C. energy
A. Transportation D. none of the above
B. Electricity and heat energy
381. Which of the following can be defined as
C. Industry the average state of the atmosphere ate
D. Agriculture any given place?
A. Weather
376. What is climate change?
B. Climate
A. Short term change in weather patterns
C. Global Warming
B. Change in weather patterns over one D. Atmospheric CO2

year
382. Phased out in the 1980s because they
C. Significant and lasting change in were found to be depleting the ozone
weather patterns layer.
D. none of above A. Carbon dioxide
377. What is one cause of the carbon dioxide B. Methane

increase over the past 50 years? C. Nitrous Oxide
A. tree farms D. Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs)
B. fossil fuel use
383. How does climate change alter precipita-
C. medicine tion distribution?
D. technology A. Increasing extreme precipitation ev-
erywhere.
378. How much have sea levels risen in the
past 100years? B. Increasing length of droughts every-
where.
A. 2 inches
C. Increase in both wet and dry extremes.
B. 5 inches
C. 7 inches D. Climate change does not alter precipi-
D. 16 inches tation

384. Which human activity contributes the C. when glaciers are building, during an
most carbon dioxide to the atmosphere? ice age

A. fishing D. none of these
B. breathing
390. Which of the following are greenhouse
C. burning fossil fuels gases?
D. farming A. Carbon dioxide
385. The biggest greenhouse gas in the atmo- B. Water vapor
sphere is C. Methane
A. Methane D. All answers are correct
B. Nitrous oxide
391. What is NOT a predicted effect of climate
C. Carbon dioxide change on the hydrosphere?
D. Water vapour
A. increase in size of glaciers
386. Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps B. global sea level rise
A. will result in cooler temperatures in C. flooding in coastal areas
the Arctic
D. arctic sea ice melting
B. will result in sea-levels rising
C. Will have no effect on ecosystems 392. Burning are creating more carbon
dioxide that is released into the atmo-
D. None of the above sphere.
387. Evidence of a warming earth includes the A. fossil fuels
following except B. wood
A. Changes in precipitation patterns
C. paper
B. Increase of snow production
D. none of above
C. Rising sea level
393. What has happened to carbon emissions
D. Rising global surface temperatures
over time?
388. Using public transportation, reducing the A. They have increased
amount of electricity we use and using in-
sulation are all ways to increase B. They have decreased
A. electricity usage C. They have stayed the same

B. energy usage D. none of above
C. energy efficiency 394. Why don’t we want to use as much non-
D. nuclear power renewable energy sources?
A. They cause pollution and CO2 to be put
389. An interglacial period is
into our air/atmosphere
A. when glaciers are building, we are cur-
B. The cause less pollution
rently in an interglacial period
B. when glaciers are retreating, we are C. They are difficult to get
currently in an interglacial period D. They smell funky

395. Human activities result in an increase in 400. Some of the Earth’s most fragile ecosys-
that is absorbed into the oceans. tems that could be greatly impacted by cli-
mate change live in the
A. carbon dioxide
A. tropical rainforest
B. oxygen
B. tundra
C. smog
C. oceans
D. none of above
D. African Sahara desert
NARAYAN CHANGDER
396. What term describes when water in the
pacific Ocean, near the equator, gets hot- 401. In the 1800’s why did CO2 levels in-
ter than usual and affects weather around crease significantly?
the world? A. New factories were being built that
A. El Nino caused more pollution
B. ocean current B. The civil war caused more pollution
C. La Nina C. Scientists figured out how to clean up

pollution in the air
D. Convection current
D. It did not increase
397. The natural greenhouse effect results in
402. When ocean temperatures rise, rises
A. the maintenance of an average tem- as well due to melting.
perature of 72-74 degrees.
A. water level, snow
B. thinning of the ozone layer
B. ice level, ice
C. an increase in the available carbon
C. sea level, glaciers
dioxide
D. land level, ice
D. the accumulation of greenhouse gases
403. Which of the following removes carbon
398. Which of the following can be defined as from the atmosphere?
the state of the atmosphere ate any given
place and time? A. Combustion
A. Weather B. Respiration
B. Climate C. Photosynthesis
C. Global Warming D. Death
D. Atmospheric CO2 404. What major factors play a role in global

warming?
399. ocean currents have a great effect on
A. decrease in human activity and normal
global temperatures because water
climate conditions
A. moves more slowly than air
B. natural factors and human activity
B. stays colder than air
C. natural factors and normal climate
C. holds greater amounts of heat energy conditions
D. decrease in human activity and natural
D. is everywhere on the planet factors

405. A permanent atmospheric gas that does 410. Which of the following is NOT a result of
not contribute to the greenhouse effect. global warming?

A. Oxygen A. droughts
B. Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) B. rising sea levels
C. Nitrous Oxide C. ozone hole

D. ocean acidity
D. Methane
411. Possible human solutions for limiting
406. The second layer of the atmosphere up global warming and climate change are
from Earth, where the ozone layer is that
protects us from harmful UV rays, is the
A. being more energy-efficient
A. thermosphere
B. removing carbon from fossil fuel emis-
B. stratosphere sions
C. troposphere C. using renewable sources of energy
D. mesosphere D. all of the above
412. The sun’s rays strike Earth most directly

407. Where are the majority of the world’s ice
at the
sheets currently located?
A. poles
A. Northern Canada
B. equator
B. The Himalayan and Andes Mountains
C. temperate zones
C. Northern Russia
D. gulf stream
D. Antarctica and Greenland
413. Which is NOT an alternative source of
408. Why are forests important for mitigating electricity?
climate change? A. solar power
A. Forests serve as a sink in the carbon B. hydroelectric power
cycle C. burning natural gas
B. Trees provide building materials D. wind power
C. Trees are an important food source
414. Which of the following is least under
D. Leaves of trees reflect all sunlight threat from climate change?
away from the Earth A. Coral reefs.
409. If Earth’s atmosphere did NOT contain B. Desert ecosystems.
any water vapor, the temperature of the C. Ice biomes.
earth’s surface would
D. Mangroves.
A. be about the same.
415. What does sustainability mean?
B. be unable to fluctuate.
A. Using lots of resources.
C. be significantly lower.
B. Maintaining the world we live in for fu-
D. be significantly hotter. ture generations.

C. Cutting down trees. 421. Globally which of the following economic

D. Using lots of water and electricity. sector emits the largest percentage of
greenhouse gas emissions?
416. which is NOT a sign the troposphere is
A. Transportation
warming?
B. Buildings
A. permafrost is melting in the tundra
B. sea levels are lowering C. Industry
C. glaciers are melting D. Electricity and heat production
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. brds are nesting sooner 422. Why is the increase in atmospheric car-
417. Greenhouse gas that humans produce the bon dioxide dangerous?
most of, mostly from burning fossil fuels. A. The gas stops the escape of heat from
A. Carbon dioxide Earth’s atmosphere.
B. Methane B. Carbon dioxide inhibits rainfall causing
C. Nitrous Oxide long droughts.
D. Oxygen C. The gas prevents plants from photo-

synthesizing.
418. Which of the following statements about
D. Carbon dioxide is highly toxic if in-
air pressure is correct.
haled.
A. Low pressure is associated with clear
skies. 423. Which has become the most important
B. Air moves from high pressure to low source of environmental change on Earth?
pressure. A. human activity
C. When air is cooled it creates low pres- B. animal activity
sure.
C. plant activity
D. High pressure is associated with high
rainfall. D. weather activity
419. Released during the drilling of natural 424. The gas that is most abundant in the at-
gas wells, and through natural processes mosphere is
like bacterial digestion in cattle. A. oxygen
A. Carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen
B. Methane
C. carbon dioxide
C. Water Vapor
D. argon
D. Nitrous Oxide
425. How do scientists determine CO2 levels
420. What is another term for enhanced green-
from 800, 000 years ago?
house effect?
A. Global cooling A. Tree Rings
B. Global freezing B. Ice Cores
C. Global barbecue C. Fossils
D. Global warming D. Dry river beds

1.15 groundwater 235
426. What has the scientific community con- 429. What is global warming
cluded about climate change? A. When it started to rain

A. The consensus is that it is both real B. Is the process of interaction and inte-
and man-made. gration
B. Scientists have shown it to be real but C. Is the unsually rapid increase in
aren’t sure whether it is man-made. earth’s average surface temperature
C. Scientists do not think climate change D. Means the speed up of movement and
is real. exchange
D. There is little consensus.
430. Climate change will result in which of the
427. Which of the following gases DOES NOT following?
trap heat? A. Drier conditions throughout the world.
A. carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen B. Wetter conditions throughout the
C. water vapor world.
D. methane C. More precipitation in high latitudes.

D. More precipitation in the mid latitudes.
428. What does the earth’s atmosphere do?
A. help to regulate the temperature on 431. is a gradual increase in average
Earth global surface temperature.
B. Help UV rays to reach the Earth’s sur- A. Greenhouse effect

face B. Global warming
C. Creates meteors in the sky C. Climate
D. Keep ocean waters cold D. Heat
1.15 groundwater
1. Which of these would water soak into? C. 460, 000 km3
A. Driveway D. 550, 000 km3
B. Street 3. A is created when sediments are emp-
C. Garden tied into an ocean by a river.
D. Sidewalk A. rill
2. A model of Earth’s water budget shows B. gully
that the precipitation on oceans is 420, C. sand dune
000 km3 and the precipitation on land is D. delta
130, 000 km3. If the evaporation from
land is 90, 000 km3, how much is the 4. Rapid growth of algae in a pond is a result
evaporation from oceans? of what?
A. 90, 000 km3 A. loss of habitat
B. 130, 000 km3 B. flooding

C. excess nutrients from fertilizer runoff 10. a river or stream flowing into a larger
river or lake.
D. clogged river tributaries
A. meander
5. the ability to release a fluid B. oxbow lake
A. Karst topography C. mouth
B. Alluvium D. tributary
C. Base Level 11. Surface water can become ground water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
through the process of
D. Premeability
A. Transportation
6. Artesian aquifers B. Percolation
A. have problems with subsidence C. Overland flow
B. often are contaminated with salt water D. Surface run-off
12. is determined by size of pores and the
C. contain water under pressure connections between pores.
D. have hard water A. permeability
B. saturated zone
7. Bends in a broad flat-bottomed valleys
C. unsaturated zone
A. Bendy Banana
D. porosity
B. Porosity
13. Which material would not be good for an
C. Meander aquifer?
D. Premeability A. sandstone
B. limestone
8. What is runoff?
C. clay
A. When rainwater soaks into the ground.
D. gravel
B. The term used for when an aquifer has 14. How do people extract groundwater?
been pumped dry. A. groundwater cannot be extracted
C. When surface water flows on the land B. by drilling wells and pumping water
after a rain. out of the ground
D. When water soaks into the ground. C. mining water from the Earth
D. answer not shown
9. A land area that is covered with water for
part of the year is called: 15. Most of the world’s freshwater is trapped
where?
A. lake
A. Glaciers and Ice Caps
B. wetland B. Lakes, Rivers and Streams
C. river C. Groundwater
D. wasted land D. Atmosphere

16. The area where water fills all of the pore C. Clean up pet waste and litter
space in sediment and rock is called D. All the above

A. belt of soil moisture
22. Which streams are the smallest and begin
B. zone of aeration at high elevation?
C. zone of saturation A. first order streams
D. water table
B. second order streams
17. How much of Earth’s water is FRESH wa- C. third order streams
ter?
D. fourth order streams
A. 75%
23. A body of rock or sediment that stores
B. 3%
groundwater and allows it to flow.
C. 97%
A. tributary
D. 66%
B. watershed
18. Recycling materials help save the follow- C. water table
ing,
D. aquifer
A. Energy
24. Precipitation that does not permeate the
B. Landfill garbage
ground runs off the surface quickly. It
C. Neither forms small streams that widen and be-
D. Both come longer. Where does the water from
these streams drain?
19. What can you do to help protect ground-
A. aquifers
water?
B. rivers
A. Recycle used waste oil.
C. springs
B. Don’t use more lawn chemicals than
necessary. D. wells
C. Dispose of hazardous and household 25. Water stored below the Earth’s surface is
chemicals properly. called:
D. All of the above. A. Groundwater
20. What kind of load do muddy rivers carry? B. Bogs
A. youthful C. Water in the ground
B. Bed D. none of above
C. dissolved 26. Which of the following can you find an
D. suspended aquifer?
21. How can you help reduce water pollution? A. zone of saturation
A. Use less fertilizer and pesticides B. zone of aeration
B. Take paint, cleaners, and old medica- C. zone of soil moisture

tion to safe disposal sites D. water table

27. A sponge has high porosity. A rock can 32. What is permability?
have it too. Porosity is
A. The amount of days in between a llama
A. the inability to hold water cycle.
B. the ability to hold water B. The water underground
C. allowing water to pass through C. The water between particles
D. none of above D. The amount of space between parti-
cles allowing water to go through
NARAYAN CHANGDER
28. Why is groundwater so important?
33. All water eventually empties into
A. Water is ancient and can’t be replaced,
only recycled A. an ocean
B. It’s all the water we have B. a river
C. Desalination is expensive and can’t be C. the ground
used in the central plains
D. a lake
D. Most water on earth isn’t freshwater
and most freshwater comes from ground- 34. Rock that is very likely to easily weather
water sources is
A. igneous-granite
29. Water found in the spaces between rock
particles below earth’s surface. B. sedimentary-limestone
A. porosity C. metamorphic-gneiss
B. permeability D. none of above
C. groundwater 35. Which type of soil can retain the greatest
D. channel amount of water?
A. one that has low porosity
30. What is an underground layer of rock or
soil filled with water called? B. one that has high porosity
A. Aquifer C. one that has low permeability
B. Spring D. one that has high permeability
C. Well 36. A gardener was digging a hole to plant a
D. Reservoir tree after a day of heavy rain. She found
that the soil was wet even after digging
31. An area where groundwater becomes sur- half a meter down. What category best
face water, such as a spring or stream, is describes the water present in the wet
a soil?
A. recharge area A. biological water
B. discharge area B. groundwater
C. runoff C. saline water
D. watershed D. surface water

37. Ocean dumping was once consider 43. A substance, like wood, that lets water
A. ethical move through it very slowly

B. inexpensive A. Permeable
C. convenient B. Semipermeable
D. both inexpensive and convenient C. Non-permeable
38. What is a place where groundwater seeps D. Saturated
out of the ground called?
A. Well 44. Which event is a direct result of evapora-
tion and transpiration?
B. Reservoir
A. atmosphere warms
C. Aquifer
D. Spring B. cloud cover decreases
39. Groundwater contamination C. moisture enters the atmosphere
A. is easily cleaned up D. moisture leaves the atmosphere.

B. is difficult to clean or remove
45. How can surface pollutants contaminate
C. is not a problem for modern people groundwater?
D. does not affect the United States A. runoff with water and penetrate soil
40. Which of the following is not a way that B. seep into ground and rock
humans alter the quantity or flow of wa-
ter through a watershed. C. spread in aquifer to contaminate large
areas
A. Using water for industrial and irriga-
tion uses D. all answers are correct
B. Dams
46. Which of the following are a common
C. Reservoirs source of groundwater pollution?
D. All of the above affect quantity and A. Heavy Metals
flow of water
B. Disease causing bacteria
41. A cavern is a feature associated with
C. Nitrites and Nitrates
A. Volcanoes
B. Mountainous topography D. All of the previous
C. Karst topography 47. Which freshwater source is the most diffi-

D. none of above cult to clean up once it has been contami-
nated by pollutants?
42. the upper limit of the zone of saturation
A. river
A. Water table
B. Spring B. lake
C. Well C. reservoir
D. Artesian well D. aquifer

48. Which of the following terms describes 53. Which of these are permeable?
how water passes through/in between
A. sand
the rocks in the ground?
B. metal
A. Porous
C. diamond
B. Percolate
D. none of above
C. Aquifer
D. Runoff 54. How much of our freshwater is groundwa-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ter?
49. What is the best definition of aquifer? A. 17%
A. empty space B. 21%
B. a space below the water table C. .31%
C. a measure of how well a material ab- D. 0.4%
sorbs water
55. The ability for water to flow through a
D. an underground layer of permeable
porous material it is called
(that is, water-bearing) rock
A. permeability
50. when the discharge of a stream becomes B. mineral
so great that it exceeds the capacity of its
channel and overflows its banks C. rock
A. Divide D. flower
B. Gradient 56. In VA, where would a saltwater intrusion

C. Flood happen?
D. Zone of saturation A. near Richmond area where rocks still

have salt in them
51. A collection of watersheds all discharging B. high up in the mountains where rivers
into the same major body of water is re- begin as headwaters
ferred to as a
C. the coast where saltwater trapped
A. watershed. within cracks of rocks can be pumped by
B. drainage basin wells
C. river system D. in the middle of the ocean
D. wetland 57. What is the mostimportant factor in influ-

encing the rate of groundwater movement
52. The area of land that is drained by a river in an aquifer?
system.
A. the location of the water table
A. channel
B. the number of bio-indicators
B. divide
C. the permeability of the soil or rock in
C. water table the aquifer
D. watershed D. the amount of pollutants in the aquifer

58. Water that flows over the ground into C. Permeability

larger bodies of water is called ? D. Porosity/Pore space

A. runoff
64. Classification used to describe human pol-
B. discharge lution that has a known, identifiable ori-
C. groundwater gin
D. tributary A. Point source contamination
59. Which of the following is an example of B. Water table

condensation? C. Watershed
A. Water drops fogging a bathroom mir- D. Eutrophication
ror
65. Any pollutant that causes genetic muta-
B. Water disappearing from a glass on a
tions and/or cancer is a(n)
hot day
A. anthropogenic
C. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail
B. eutrophicant
D. Water flowing from a river into a lake
C. carcinogen
60. The presence of vegetation increases infil-
D. oxidizer
tration by
A. by slowing runoff down and allowing 66. What is a well?
more time for infiltration A. Where you make a wish
B. increased transpiration B. Hole drilled into the zone of aeration
C. decreased precipitation C. A place underground
D. speeding up the water D. Hole drilled into the zone of saturation
61. Toxic runoff can pollute a stream and also 67. During a rainfall, surface runoff will prob-
A. produce acid rain. ably be greatest in an area that has a
B. cause soil erosion. A. Steep slope and a clay-covered sur-
C. create algae blooms. face
D. pollute groundwater. B. Steep slope and a gravel-covered sur-

face
62. Small streams, or flow into the main C. Gentle slope and a grass-covered sur-
river channel. face
A. Recharge D. Gentle slope and a tree-covered sur-
B. Tributaries face
C. Surface water 68. What is limestone made of?
D. Aquifer A. skeletons of tiny sea creatures
63. The amount of space between particles. B. minerals and sand
A. Runoff C. plants and animals
B. Surface water D. lava

69. is the process in which water seeps 75. In Sewage treatment facility, contami-
down to add to the groundwater nants are removed from wastewater and
A. Aquifer sewage system. If a sewage treatment
plant is not functioning properly, what will
B. Infiltration it most likely cause?
C. Filtration
A. A water shortage
D. Water table
B. Acid rain
70. How often should people test their well
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Groundwater contamination
for groundwater pollution?
A. Once a week D. Rising water levels in the lakes
B. Once a month
76. What is the most common contamination
C. Once a year source for freshwater?
D. Once every 5 years A. runoff
71. Water fit for human consumption is known B. digging wells
as
C. melting glaciers
A. freshwater
D. lightning
B. treated water
C. well water 77. What force acts to turn surface water into
D. potable water groundwater?
72. A ridge or an area of higher ground that A. friction

separates two watersheds is called a(n) B. the flowing water in a river
A. divide C. heat energy
B. gradient
D. gravity
C. tributary
D. aquifer 78. What is the source of energy for the
Earth’s water cycle?
73. When water sticks to other objects it is
called A. Sun’s radiation
A. cohesion B. ocean currents
B. adhesion C. trade and prevailing winds
C. capillary action D. Moon’s gravitational attraction
D. specific heat
79. The measure of how easily water can flow
74. Which soil conditions normally result in the through an aquifer.
greatest amount of runoff? Question*
A. porosity
A. vegetation and steep slope
B. no vegetation and steep slope B. permeability
C. vegetation and gentle slope C. gradient

D. no vegetation and gentle slope D. divide

80. The top of an aquifer is known as: C. polluted

A. the water table. D. ground

B. an artesian well.
86. Materials carried by a stream are called
C. the hydraulic gradient.
A. water table
D. a geyser.
B. channel
81. The size of an aquifer’s recharge zone is C. aquifer
affected by the of the surface above
the aquifer. D. stream load
A. Permeability 87. Algae blooms and eutrophication occur in

B. Time conditions of access
C. Water table A. carbon
D. Desalinization B. sunlight
C. water
82. Pollutants from a factory that enter the
water in a watershed will have a negative D. nutrients
effect on which of the following?
88. Able to allow water to pass through.
A. Available space for crops
A. Accumulation
B. Local pond life
B. Runoff
C. Rainfall rates
C. Porosity
D. Direction of river flow
D. Permeability
83. Which weather term is considered a form
of precipitation? 89. Water pollution that comes from a single
A. dew source is considered
B. fog A. point source pollution
C. frost B. nonpoint source pollution

D. sleet C. thermal pollution
D. ocean pollution
84. A hole dug into an aquifer to reach ground-
water is called 90. A water feature that could be a source of
A. an aquitard/aquiclude groundwater for humans is found at a lo-
cation on a hillside where Earth’s surface
B. a well
is lower than the water table.What type
C. a recharge zone of feature might be observed at this loca-
D. a water table tion?
A. spring
85. Most of the water on Earths surface is
water. B. aquifer
A. salt C. artesian well
B. fresh D. unsaturated zone

91. tributary 96. The upper boundary, or surface, of ground-

A. a stream that flows into a lake or into water is called a(n)
a larger stream A. stream load
B. the water that is beneath Earth’s sur- B. water table
face C. channel
C. the path that a stream follows D. aquifer
D. the boundary between drainage areas 97. is the source of all groundwater
NARAYAN CHANGDER
that have streams that flow in opposite di-
A. Precipitation
rections
B. Rain
92. How is the source of groundwater pollu- C. Liquids
tion determined?
D. none of above
A. By testing the concentration of a pollu-
tant 98. How old are the water molecules in your
glass or bottle of water?
B. By testing the concentration of water
A. Several days
C. By testing the pH of the water
B. around 1, 000 years
D. All of the previous
C. a million years
93. As the amount of precipitation on land D. thousands of millions of years
increases, what happens to the distance
99. What can make groundwater unsafe to
from the surface of Earth to the water ta-
drink?
ble?
A. Leaky landfills
A. Increases
B. Wells
B. Decreases
C. Under-ground water
C. remains constant
D. none of above
D. none of above
100. Accumulation of sediment where a
94. The ability of rock to let fluids pass stream enters a lake or ocean
through it’s open spaces or pores. A. Delta
A. Porosity B. the course of water that flows in
B. Sediment streams
C. Permeability C. Meander
D. Premeability
D. Aquifer
101. Which water cycle process comes in be-
95. What is a geyser? tween evaporation/transpiration & pre-
A. A hot spring that erupts, shooting hot cipitation?
steam in the air. A. condensation
B. A cold spring that creates a fountain B. runoff
C. a type of spring C. groundwater

102. When it comes to Karst topography, D. All are consequences of flooding

groundwater is important as an agent of:
108. Which is an UNTRUE statement about the

A. erosion
water table?
B. deposition
A. flooding is more likely when it is high
C. lithification
B. wells may run dry when it is low
D. subduction
C. water tables are always at the same
103. What is the name of the area of under- height
ground that is full of groundwater?
D. lakes are formed where the water ta-
A. Zone of Saturation
ble meets the surface
B. Zone of Aeration
C. Accumulation 109. Which of the following make up part of
Earth’s groundwater?
D. Infiltration
A. wetlands
104. A smaller stream that feeds into a river
system. B. rivers
A. gradient C. aquifers
B. porosity D. lakes
C. tributary
110. What powers the water cycle
D. water table
A. runoff
105. An object that has a density greater than
B. gravity
1 will
A. float C. the Sun
B. sink D. non-renewable resources

C. suspend 111. Which watershed do we live in?
D. none of above
A. Edwards
106. Karst topography is characterized by the B. Trinity
existence of many
C. Colorado
A. Wells
D. Brazos
B. Geysers
C. Sinkholes 112. Type of rock formation that rises from the
D. Springs floor of a cave due to the accumulation of
material deposited on the floor from ceil-
107. Which is not a consequence of flooding? ing drippings.
A. It can cause contaminants to spread to A. stalagmites
other areas
B. stalactites
B. It raises the water table
C. columns
C. It can wash away soil, triggering suc-
cession D. geode

113. Water pollution that comes from many C. the result of complex food chains
sources is considered D. the result of wastewater treatment
A. point source pollution
119. Aquifers that allow for good groundwa-
B. nonpoint source pollution ter flow have many open spaces between
C. thermal pollution the rocks or sediments that are connected
to each other. Describe the aquifer using
D. ocean pollution the terms below.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
114. The upper surface of an aquifer is known A. permeable and non porous
as a? B. permeable and porous
A. geyser C. impermeable and non porous
B. aquifer D. impermeable and porous
C. water table 120. A body of rock or sediment that stores
D. well groundwater and allows the flow of
groundwater.
115. A region or area that drains ultimately to
A. Aquifer
a particular watercourse or body of water
is a ? B. well
A. Area of saturation C. Artesian well

D. karst topography
B. Water table
C. Watershed 121. When does ground subsidence occur?
D. Porosity A. When water is used faster than it is re-
plenished
116. Areas that lack good surface drainage are B. When the ground is flooded for too
usually examples of: long
A. Karst topography. C. When there is a drought
B. divergent plate boundaries D. none of above
C. volcanic zones. 122. The percentage of the total volume of
D. flood plains. a rock or sediment that consists of open
spaces.
117. The path that a steam follows is called A. Discharge
A. aquifer B. Cavern
B. channel C. Porosity
C. water table D. Gradient
D. stream load 123. The area of an aquifer in which rock pores
118. Bioaccumulation is are completely filled with water.
A. water table
A. where a toxin accumulates in an
aquifer B. watershed
B. where a toxin accumulates in the tis- C. zone of saturation
sues of an animal D. surface water

124. What is the name of the area of ground- C. permeability

water where it is saturated? D. gradient

A. Zone of Saturation
130. Most pollution occurs when rainwater
B. Zone of Aeration carries pollutants across the ground into
C. Water Table a river, stream, lake, or ocean. Which of
the following terms does this describe?
D. none of above
A. Tributary
125. When rain falls on a soil surface, flooding B. Runoff
at that location would most likely occur if
C. Water table
A. soil surface is permeable
D. Permeable
B. soil surface is covered with vegetation
131. When water in the leaves of plants be-
comes water vapor in the atmosphere,
C. soil pore spaces are filled to capacity
that is called
D. infiltration rate exceeds the precipita-
A. condensation
tion rate
B. evaporation
126. When nutrients build up in a lake. C. precipitation
A. eutrophication D. transpiration
B. reservoir
132. A material that lets water flow through
C. watershed it easily is said to be
D. divide A. Non-permeable
127. The beginning of the water cycle is when B. Semipermeable
the rays heats up the C. Permeable
A. Sun; ocean D. Impermeable
B. Moon; lake 133. Groundwater in the US is
C. Sun; river A. found everywhere
D. Sun; stream B. is primarily found in the central plains
128. The introduction of a contaminant into the
environment is called a/an C. is found all across the nation, but some
areas have little to none
A. Runoff
D. is only found along the coastlines
B. Aquifer
134. A body of rock or sediment that stores
C. Water table
groundwater and allows it to flow is called
D. Pollution a(n)
129. The upper boundary, or surface, of A. channel
groundwater. B. aquifer
A. channel C. water table
B. water table D. stream load

135. Which of the following implies the same C. 18 m3

thing as the word “aquifer”?
D. 20 m3
A. zone of saturation
B. zone of aeration 141. How does a sink hole form?
C. zone of soil moisture A. When limestone dissolves

D. zone of twilight B. when the roof of a cave collapses
136. If contour lines are close together, then C. when carbon dioxide and water is
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the slope is mixed together
A. gentle D. none of above

B. steep 142. Impermeable materials
C. flat A. have an abundance of pores.
D. going up and down
B. let water in.
137. Water has an uneven distribution of C. have little to no pores.
charges across the molecule. Which prop-
erty is being described? D. none of above
A. density 143. What is an example of point source pol-
B. polarity lution?
C. capillary action A. livestock feedlot
D. specific heat B. offshore oil well
138. The water that fills lakes and rivers C. logged forest
A. groundwater D. cropland
B. surface water
144. When does groundwater become surface
C. water table water?
D. saturated zone A. when artificial ponds are created
139. What is the source of groundwater? B. when topsoil vegetation increases
A. rain, snow, melted glaciers C. when the top soil layers become more
B. ocean water porous
C. icebergs D. when the water table intersects with
D. water from fossilized animals the surface of the soil
140. An aquifer receives 20 m3 of precipita- 145. Wetlands are important to humans be-
tion and loses 2 m3 of water through cause:
natural movement. If the water budget A. they provide flood protection
must be balanced, how much water can be
pumped from the aquifer? B. they improve water quality
A. 22 m3 C. they act as a filter
B. 36 m3 D. all of the above

146. A scientist observes a natural flow of wa- B. permeable rock

ter coming out of a hillside. The hillside is C. permeability
lower than the water table. What feature

is the scientist most likely observing? D. porosity
A. spring 152. How can groundwater contamination

from industrial waste sites and commercial
B. aquifer
landfills be reduced?
C. artesian well
A. By lining the sites with clay
D. unsaturated zone
B. By installing layers of polyethylene
147. What is one of the main features of Karst C. By installing layers of soil and gravel
topography? D. All of the previous
A. a sinkhole
153. Which acid dissolves limestone beneath
B. disappearing streams the surface to form a cavern?
C. karst springs A. sulfuric
D. stalactites and stalagmites B. hydrochloric
148. In what type of areas are pesticides and C. carbonic
nitrates/nitrites a problem in groundwa- D. phosphoric
ter?
154. A type of landscape in rainy regions
A. Urban areas where there is limestone near the surface,
B. Suburban areas characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and
C. Rural areas valleys
D. none of above A. Geyser

B. Aquifer
149. if water is unable to penetrate or soak
C. Karst topography
through a rock, it is called ?
D. Bed Load
A. permeable
B. impermeable 155. Water stored in cracks and pores below
the Earth’s surface is called:
C. porous
A. Groundwater
D. imporous
B. Bogs
150. The calcium carbonate that is left behind C. Water in the ground
produces the limestone
D. surface water
A. Drainage basin
156. Limestone caves form
B. Delta
A. as melting water runs under glaciers
C. Porosity
B. as acidic rain dissolves rock
D. Travertine
C. as ocean waves and heavy rain erode
151. Which is the amount of empty space in an cliffs
aquifer? D. as melting water runs through cracks
A. water table in the ice

157. What is the top of the water-filled spaces 162. Water that collects in spaces and cracks
in the ground called? in rocks and soil underground.
A. Groundwater A. well
B. Reservoir B. aquifer
C. Water Table C. groundwater

D. irrigation
D. Well
163. How much of the Earth’s water is fresh-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
158. What do we call a body of water found water?
underground that is sitting in between the
A. 97%
rocks?
B. all of it
A. Watershed
C. less than 1%
B. Water table
D. Around 3%
C. Aquifer
164. The volume of open spaces in rock or
D. Groundwater soil.
159. What is the flat area of land that has sed- A. Zone of saturation
iment deposited when water overflows B. Groundwater
from rivers? C. Porosity
A. Estuary D. Permeability
B. Floodplain 165. The rate at which water flows through a
C. Wetland material with low permeability would be
D. Tributary A. Faster
B. Slower
160. Pollutants introduced into surface or
C. Well
ground water that are without a specific
location source, such as water entering a D. none of above
drain after flowing over a lawn that has 166. an intermittent hot spring or fountain in
been fertilized. which a column of water shoots up with
A. Aquifer great force at various intervals
B. Non-point source contamination A. Base Level
C. Eutrophication B. Alluvium
C. Well
D. Surface Water
D. Geyser
161. An area of land over which water flows
167. Water found above earth’s surface.
to a particular body of water
Ex:streams, rivers, lakes
A. Groundwater A. surface water
B. Contamination B. groundwater
C. Point source contamination C. aquifer
D. Watershed D. tributary

168. Which location would allow the least 173. What items flow together to make a river
amount of water to be absorbed into the system?
ground?

A. streams and rivers
A. a grassy terrain
B. ponds
B. a sandy beach
C. lakes
C. a forest
D. oceans
D. a mountain
174. Water is known as a universal solvent
169. Produced by the emergence of geother- because
mally heated groundwater that rises from
the Earth’s crust. A. it is found throughout the world
A. hot spring B. it is found throughout the universe
B. spring C. it dissolves so many substances
C. artesian well D. is dissolves everything known to man

D. geyser 175. What is the term for a cavity that forms
in rock by the dissolution of minerals.
170. A growing city like Conroe puts demands
on the land for what purposes? A. Well
A. Food B. Caverns
B. Living space C. Geyser
C. Landfill trash D. Karst Topography
D. All of the above
176. When water goes from a liquid at Earth’s
171. The boundary between the zone of aer- surface to vapor in the Earth’s atmosphere,
ation and the zone of saturation is called it is called
the A. condensation
A. well B. precipitation
B. recharge zone C. evaporation
C. the water table D. transpiration
D. watershed
177. What is a watershed?
172. Why is polluted ground water difficult to A. Land that collects and channels water
clean? froma small body of water to a larger body
A. Water cycle happens slowly of water
B. Ground water is shallow in the ground B. the shape of the land determined by el-
evation
C. Ground water is hard to find C. A natural stream of water of consider-
able volume
D. Water cycle stops when water is pol-
luted D. a river and all its tributaries

178. An underground layer of permeable rock A. watershed

that holds groundwater which can be ex- B. watertable
tracted by drilling a well.
C. river
A. water table
D. aquifer
B. aquifer
184. Groundwater is replenished by
C. watershed
A. rocks
D. river
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. pumping
179. What are porous rocks called? C. well
A. Permeable rocks D. rainwater
B. Impermeable rocks 185. Water held underground in the soil; may
C. Impish rocks be a source of drinking water in springs
D. none of above and wells.
A. Ground water
180. Where does runoff go?
B. Surface water
A. Into groundwater
C. Porosity
B. A llama eats it
D. Permeability
C. Underground
186. The rate of flow of water through a rock
D. To the nearest water source, or under- is determined by
groud
A. Types of minerals that make up the
181. Define tributaries rock
A. small rivers or streams that flow into B. total amount of space between mineral
a large river or stream grains
B. a natural stream of water of consider- C. number of connected pore spaces and
able volume their sizes
C. precipitation that flows over the land D. position of the rock with respect to the
to streams water table
D. a continuous ridge that separates a 187. Fish are the most important source of
watershed for many maritime nations.
A. fluoride
182. The largest body of freshwater in the
world is B. carbohydrates
A. the Pacific Ocean C. lipids
B. the Mississippi River D. protein
C. Lake Superior 188. Is clay permeable?

D. the Ogallala Aquifer A. Yes
B. No
183. An area of land in which all of the wa-
ter falling or flowing over it drains to the C. I don’t know
same location is a/an D. Maybe

189. Sand is , meaning that water can pass 195. is the cultivation of fish or shellfish
through easily. in artificial ponds.

A. Permeable A. Hydroponics
B. Impermeable B. Ichthy-culture
C. Solid
C. Agriculture
D. Soft
D. Aquaculture
190. A is most commonly used to access
groundwater. 196. the point to which a stream can erode its
A. well channel
B. pond A. Alluvium
C. river B. Delta
D. tap C. Artesian well
191. during a flood water overflows and D. Base Level
floods a plain
A. Floodplain 197. The addition of excess nutrients to wa-
terways from human sources is called
B. Groundwater
eutrophication.
C. Porosity
A. natural
D. Drainage basin
B. anthropogenic
192. How much of our water is fresh water?
C. cultural
A. 3%
D. both anthropogenic and cultural
B. 5%
C. 10% 198. Another name for the water cycle is the
D. 20%
193. What is the rock layer that stores ground- A. Aqua cycle
water called? B. Hydraulic cycle
A. well
C. Hydrologic Cycle
B. aquifer
D. Rain Cycle
C. groundwater
D. watershed 199. A geographical barrier, such as a ridge,
hill or mountain, separating one water-
194. Rock formations hanging from a roof are shed land area from another.
called
A. Watershed
A. stalactites
B. stalagmites B. Drainage Divide
C. troglodytes C. Aquifer
D. minerals D. Permeable

200. In what type of soil would infiltration of B. Spring

water into groundwater occur the slow-
C. Well
est?
D. Reservoir
A. fine sand
B. gravel 206. Excessive richness of nutrients in a lake
C. fine clay or other body of water.
D. silt A. Groundwater
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Run-off
201. sediment that is carried by a stream
along the bottom of its channel C. Eutrophication
A. Discharge D. Non-point source contamination
B. Base Level
207. The movie ‘Tangled’ re-told the story of
C. Delta which of the following characters?
D. Bed Load A. Pocahontas
202. Freshwater is a limited resource because B. Rapunzel
A. most water is polluted C. Princess Aurora
B. most surface water contains salt D. Esmerelda
C. it is controlled by powerful govern-
ments 208. What that collects in these open spaces
becomes part of a system of?
D. dams have limited the flow of fresh wa-
ter A. permeable
B. impermeable
203. the measure of the storage space avail-
able in an aquifer. C. aquifer
A. aquifer D. groundwater
B. permeability
209. How does groundwater pollution
C. porosity spread?
D. divide A. As an underground river
204. What is the effect when rhe water seeps B. As an underground stream
down?
C. As an underground plume
A. Zone of saturation
D. All of the previous
B. Groundwater
C. Porosity 210. Most of the energy that drives the water
cycle comes from the
D. Permeability
A. Earth’s core
205. An area of permeable layer of rock or soil
B. Equator
that holds a large amount of water in the
saturated zone is called what? C. Sun
A. Aquifer D. Earth’s oceans

211. A smaller stream that feeds into a river C. eutrophic

and eventually into a river system is called D. mega-trophic
a(n)

A. groundwater 217. Approximately how much of Earth’s wa-
ter is held in the oceans?
B. surface water
A. 50%
C. tributary
B. 97%
D. watershed
C. 76%
212. What is it called when hot igneous rock
D. 99%
boils water?
A. geyser 218. The flow chart represents the water cy-
cle.What is the next phase in the water
B. well
cycle as indicated by the question mark?
C. spring evaporation condensation precipi-
D. aquifer tation runoff ?
A. condensation
213. What is rock without pores also known
as? B. evaporation
A. Pious rock C. precipitation
B. Permeable rock D. run-off
C. Impermeable rock 219. The Clean Water Act of 1972 focused on
D. none of above
A. parks and recreational areas
214. What factor listed does NOT affect the
the flow of water in RIVERS & STREAMS? B. rural communities
A. gradient C. point-source pollution
B. flow D. non-point source pollution
C. stream load 220. Geologically, groundwater is important
D. infiltration as an agent of:
A. erosion
215. How is a cave formed?
B. deposition
A. Carbonic acid dissolves water
C. lithification
B. Carbonic acid dissolves soil
D. subduction
C. Carbonic acid dissolves limestone
D. none of above 221. What is a stream or river that feeds into
a larger body of water?
216. Nutrient-rich water that will support a
large community of plants and animals is A. Tributary
called B. Estuary
A. oligotrophic C. Bay
B. potable D. Watershed

222. What is topography? 228. The supply of freshwater under the

A. a graph showing all the different topos Earth’s surface.
A. watershed
B. A map of all the waterways in an area B. mouth
C. the shape of the land determined by
C. headwaters
the elevation
D. groundwater
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
223. Since the 1950’s, has been added to 229. In what type of soil would seapage of
the drinking water in many cities. groundwater into streams occur the slow-
est?
A. fluoride
B. calcium A. fine sand
C. chloride salts B. gravel

D. lead C. fine clay
224. Some kids were dumping paint in the lo- D. silt

cal pond. What type of water pollution did
they cause? 230. Why is so little water available for hu-
man use?
A. Toxic
A. most of the water on earth is fresh
B. Sediment
C. Nutrient B. about 3% of all watger is fresh and
most of it is frozen
D. Bacterial
C. almost all water is found underground
225. What creates a spring? in unaccessible depths
A. spring D. very little water is salty
B. geyser
231. Fill in the blank.A extends with the
C. water table
aquifer, and does not stop at the surface
D. aquifer of the water table.
226. Which of the following was NOT a char- A. artesian well
acter from ‘Finding Nemo’?
B. well
A. Bruce
C. pressure
B. Mr. Ray
D. impermeable
C. Crush
D. Eve 232. What is the power behind the water cy-
cle?
227. Water found on the surface is called
A. gravity
A. Groundwater
B. Surface Water B. the Sun
C. Land Water C. evaporation
D. Sea Water D. condensation

233. Where is most freshwater on Earth? C. transpiration

A. under ground D. precipitation

B. in rivers
239. which word matches the definition:the
C. in lakes slope or steepness of a stream channel.
D. frozen in polar ice caps
A. Base Level
234. A person needs approximately B. Stream Flow
liter(s) of water a day.
C. Gradient
A. One
D. Discharge
B. Two
C. Three 240. Water that is found below the surface of
D. Five the Earth is called
A. Groundwater
235. Overflow during a heavy rainstorm from
a wastewater treatment plant would re- B. Subwater
sult in- C. Underwater
A. over-treated drinking water. D. Below water
B. flooding in the local aquifer.
C. polluted runoff into nearby ponds. 241. What is a river?
D. weakened housing foundations. A. a costal inlet or bay where fresh water

mixes with salty water
236. Which of the following chemicals is a
B. a body of fresh water found in low ly-
cancer-causing water pollutant from coal
ing areas
ash?
A. Nitrates C. a small narrow passage of water
B. Phosphates D. a natural stream of water of consider-

able volume
C. Arsenic
D. Uranium 242. Poorly sorted soil
237. The the grain size, the faster the wa- A. has low porosity
ter will move through the soil. B. has high porosity
A. more mixed C. has high pore space
B. smaller D. means water will move through quickly
C. larger
243. is a measure of the void spaces in a
D. none of above
rock.
238. When water vapor turns to liquid, cling- A. Seepage
ing to either dust particles or cold surfaces,
that is B. Porosity
A. evaporation C. Saturation
B. condensation D. Solubility

244. Valleys created by downcutting streams B. unsaturated zone

are shaped C. surface
A. W
D. atmosphere
B. U
250. On a topographic map of a mountain, you
C. V
walk a longer distance to get to the top
D. Y when the contour lines are
NARAYAN CHANGDER
245. Most water pollution is the result of A. spread out
A. natural processes B. close together
B. animal waste C. going down
C. human activities D. going up
D. acid rain
251. What is the driving force behind the wa-
246. the sorted material deposited by a ter cycle?
stream A. air masses
A. Base Level B. the Moon
B. Water table C. the Coriolis Effect
C. Alluvium D. the Sun
D. Travertine
252. Which of the following has the lowest
247. What is a lake? porosity?
A. a natural stream of water of consider- A. Clay
able volume
B. Silt
B. small rivers or stream that flow into a
larger river or stream C. Gravel
C. a body of fresh water naturally or man- D. Sand

made found in low lying areas
253. separates the drainage basins of one
D. none of above stream from another
248. The path that a stream follows. A. Divide
A. permeability B. Zone of saturation
B. watershed C. Delta
C. tributary D. Cavern
D. channel
254. Which one of the following will not be-
249. Water percolates downward until it come runoff?
reaches the aquifer where it becomes A. river water
trapped in cracks, crevasse and fractured
B. ocean water
stone. Which layer is this within an
aquifer? C. precipitation
A. saturated zone D. groundwater

255. A measure of the change in elevation C. It pools on top of the clay layer.
over a certain distance. D. It flows down through the clay layer.

A. gradient
261. Porosity refers to rocks that have lots of
B. divide
pores like sandstone. These rocks with
C. watershed high porosity and high permeability can
D. water table store and supply water for communities.
These are called
256. What mechanism controls the flow of wa-
ter? A. deltas
A. gravity B. alluvial fans

B. temperature C. aquifers
C. farmers D. flood plains
D. facebook 262. The processes of the Water Cycle are
257. What is a river that flows into another A. physical changes
river?
B. chemical changes
A. reservoir
C. phase changes
B. watershed
D. physical and phase changes
C. tributary
D. stream 263. The Ogallala Aquifer extends from South
Dakota to
258. Which layer would a person drilling
A. Texas
a well most likely reach after drilling
through the unsaturated zone? B. Louisiana
A. a spring C. New Mexico
B. an aquifer D. Oklahoma
C. the water table
264. When plants release water vapor into
D. an impermeable layer the atmosphere, it is called..
259. If water is able to flow through the pore A. precipitation
spaces a rock is said to be B. sublimation
A. permeable
C. transpiration
B. impermeable
D. photosynthesis
C. aquifer
D. geyser 265. the volume of water flowing past a cer-
tain point at a certain time
260. What most likely happens if water flows
A. Discharge
through a permeable soil layer and reaches
a clay layer? B. Capacity
A. It dries up. C. Karst topography
B. It soaks in. D. Travertine

266. What is the name of the area of ground- 271. How can cancer-causing radon enter a
water where all of the space between the household?
soil particles is filled with water? A. Basements
A. Saturated Zone B. Hot showers
B. Unsaturated Zone C. All of the previous
C. Water Table D. none of above
D. Groundwater 272. Surface water which has not yet entered
NARAYAN CHANGDER
into a larger body of water is called a/an
267. For a well to provide water, it must reach
A. Watershed
A. above the water table
B. Aquifer
B. below the water table
C. Runoff
C. above an aquifer D. Water table
D. into a reservoir
273. What is the water beneath Earth’s sur-
268. Why is permeable soil best for plants face called?
that need a lot of drainage? A. Groundwater
A. Water fills this type of soil. B. Aquifer
B. Water dries up in this type of soil. C. Geyser
C. Water flows through this type of soil. D. Spring
D. Water pools on top of this type of soil. 274. Cultural eutrophication contributes to
A. improved water quality
269. During times of drought, the process of
with dry ice crystals may be used. B. algal blooms
A. cultural eutrophication C. increased water demand
D. efficient crop irrigation
B. chlorination
C. aeration 275. In which area would the rate of evapora-
tion be the lowest?
D. cloud seeding
A. over the ocean
270. surface water B. over the mountains
A. all the bodies of fresh water, salt wa- C. over the rainforest
ter, ice, and snow that are found above D. over the desert
the ground
276. Which water cycle process comes in be-
B. the water that is beneath Earth’s sur-
tween condensation & runoff?
face
A. groundwater
C. the upper surface of underground wa-
ter; the upper boundary of the zone of sat- B. transpiration
uration C. evaporation
D. the path that a stream follows D. precipitation

277. How does ground water get under- 282. How much of the surface of the Earth is
ground? covered by water?

A. Llamas use their telekinesis to teleport A. 51%
it there. B. 85%
B. Runoff C. 97%
C. Precipitation. When it rains, water D. 71%
sinks into the ground.
283. Which of the following IS NOT a use of
D. Permability ground water and surface water for hu-
mans?
278. According to your Gizmo investigation,
which sediment is the most permeable? A. Drinking/Home Use
B. Agriculture
A. Gravel
C. Creating Gasoline
B. Sand
D. Recreation
C. Silt
284. A ridge or a higher area of land that sep-
D. all were equal
arates watersheds from one another.
279. The process by which precipitation that A. divide
has fallen on land trickles into the ground B. channel
and becomes groundwater is known as
C. aquifer
what?
D. tributary
A. aeration
B. saturation 285. A hot spring in which water intermit-
tently boils, sending a tall column of water
C. infiltration and steam into the air.
D. porosity A. geyser
B. artesian well
280. A large pocket of trapped water under
ground is called C. spring
A. a well D. hot spring
B. sub-lake 286. A layer of gravel underground would be

C. an aquifer
A. Non-permeable
D. sub-pond
B. Non-porous
281. Ponds and lakes are different from rivers C. highly permeable
because they
D. unable to hold water
A. contain water that is not moving
287. Groundwater makes up about % of
B. are deeper Earth’s freshwater.
C. are larger A. 10%
D. contain algae B. 20%

C. 30% 293. What is a hole dug below the water table

D. 40% that water seeps into?
A. Well
288. Groundwater is B. Spring
A. a fresh water source C. Aquifer
B. a salt water source D. Reservoir
C. a non-potable water 294. Artesian wells require
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. impure A. an inclined aquifer and aquitards
above and below the aquifer
289. What is water that seeps into the ground
into spaces between bits of rocks and B. a recharge area and a centrifugal
soil? pump
C. a french name and expensive mineral
A. Water table
rich water
B. Spring D. high permeability and rapid recharge
C. Aquifer
295. If the ground becomes over saturated
D. Groundwater where is the water table:
A. Above the ground
290. A divide is
B. Under the ground
A. well in which water rises because of
pressure C. Not present
B. Forms the boundaries of a watershed D. none of above
C. type of hot spring from which the wa- 296. All rivers flow
ter periodically erupts A. down hill
D. place where groundwater bubbles or B. south except a few
flows out of cracks in the rock C. south in the Northern Hemisphere
291. Which of these materials is permeable? D. north in the Southern Hemisphere
A. Metal 297. Any type of moisture that falls to the

Earth.
B. Sandstone
A. evaporation
C. Diamond
B. precipitation
D. none of above
C. condensation
292. A place where the water table intersects D. transpiration
the ground surface and where a natural
298. is stored below the Earth’s surface is
flow of groundwater results is called:
called.
A. a spring. A. Groundwater
B. a geyser. B. Bogs
C. an aquatard. C. Water in the ground
D. a fissure. D. Surface water

299. What conditions will increase the amount 305. This is what forms when a stream with a
of runoff and flooding in an area? low gradient develops a series of gradual
bends which may become oxbow lakes.

A. drought conditions
B. the water table being low A. meandering stream
C. soil types that have high permeability B. braided stream
D. when the ground is already saturated C. straight stream

D. first order stream
300. Three percent of the world’s water re-
sources are found as 306. Which would allow humans to access
groundwater?
A. fresh water
A. a well drilled into an aquifer
B. salt water
B. a well drilled above the water table
C. icecaps and glaciers
C. an aquifer capped by thick granite
D. groundwater
D. layers of soil and rock above the water
301. What is an aquifer? table
A. A place underground that stores water. 307. Wetlands are important because
A. they help filter water of toxins and ex-
B. A water pump cess nutrients
C. A water purifier B. they support many species
D. A place that sells aquifers C. they protect areas from floods
302. On Earth, what process generates most D. all of these choices
of the water vapor?
308. An area of land that drains into a body of
A. condensation water.
B. evaporation A. mouth
C. precipitation B. point-source pollution
D. transpiration C. watershed
303. Rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and D. headwaters
oceans are all examples of- 309. Caves form most commonly in
A. Groundwater A. Granite
B. Aquifers B. Sandstone
C. Surface water C. Limestone
D. Recharge zones D. Gneiss
304. The layer we would drill down to in order 310. The measure of how easily water can
to get our water through a well. flow through an aquifer is called
A. water table A. permeability
B. aquifer B. porosity
C. watershed C. discharge zone
D. river D. recharge zone

311. Based on your Gizmo, which sediment B. stalactites hanging from the ceiling of
had the smallest grain size? caverns
A. Gravel C. stalagmites growing upward from the
B. Sand floor of caverns
C. Silt D. none of above
D. all were equal 317. An area where water gets temporarily

stored, like a lake, pond or aquifer
NARAYAN CHANGDER
312. Which of the following does not affect
permeability? A. Reservoir
A. the amount of space between particles B. holding tank
C. aqua storage
B. how much rainfall falls in a year D. run-off
C. the size of the particles that make up
318. If you were going to dig a well to get wa-
the ground
ter, through which level would you level
D. how much the particles are able to ab- would you have to dig through to get any
sorb water?
313. “Old Faithful” is the name of a A. Surface water
A. mudpot B. Water table
B. geyser C. Recharge zone
C. hot spring D. Pores
D. bison 319. The change of water from a vapor to a
liquid.
314. What is the most common source for pol-
lution from sewage? A. evaporation
A. Landfills B. precipitation
B. Waste Water Treatment Plants C. condensation
C. Faulty Septic Tanks D. transpiration
D. All of the previous 320. Surface water infiltrates down, under the
influence of gravity until it meets the wa-
315. Which of the following are common
ter table which is
water-borne diseases caused by water
polluted with sewage? A. interface between the zone of satura-
tion and zone of aeration
A. Cholera
B. Typhoid B. surface of the ocean
C. Polio C. bottom of the ocean
D. All of the previous D. the surface of lakes and ponds
316. Which of the following IS NOT a drip- 321. Run-off is the water that-
stone feature? A. Soaks into the ground
A. sinkholes in Karst topography B. Always ends up in the oceans

C. Contains living organisms 327. What is the top of the water-filled spaces
D. Flows over land into a body of water (saturated zone) in the ground called?

A. Groundwater
322. What are tributaries?
B. Reservoir
A. People who honor others C. Water Table
B. Smaller rivers that flow into larger D. Well
rivers
328. What makes a hot spring hot?
C. A lake or an ocean
A. Water is heated by hot rocks below the
D. Large ships
earth’s surface
323. An area of land where the surface water B. The sun heats the water and makes it
and ground water drain into a particular hot
body of water is called a/an C. Fire below the earth’s surface heats it
A. Watershed D. none of above
B. Aquifer
329. Sand sediments are usually more per-
C. Water Table meable than silt sediments because sand
D. Delta grains are
A. larger
324. There are elements and atoms in
B. smoother
H2 O.
C. rounder
A. 2/2
D. more soluble
B. 2/3
C. 3/2 330. When surface water has drained under-
ground over time.
D. 3/4
325. Why are unconfined aquifers more sus- B. Groundwater
ceptible to contamination?
C. Porosity
A. Because they are under a layer of clay D. Permeability
B. Because they are closer to the surface 331. This type of rock allows water to flow
and not protected by a layer of clay through it and recharge an aquifer
A. impermeable
C. Both of the previous
B. permeable
D. none of above
C. water table
326. Wells are located in the D. non-porous
A. zone of aeration
332. If you dig a deep hole in the ground and
B. water table don’t hit water, you have not reached the
C. zone of saturation A. aquifer
D. none of above B. well

C. water table 338. Which Earth material covering the surface

D. mantle of a landfill would permit the least amount
of rainwater to infiltrate the surface?
333. Porosity is dependent on all of the follow- A. silt
ing EXCEPT
B. clay
A. particle shape C. sand
B. amount of cement D. pebble
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. sorting
339. What is the area underground where
D. hardness there is not any water?
334. a naturally formed underground chamber A. Zone of Saturation

or series of chambers most commonly pro- B. Zone of Aeration
duced by solution activity in limestone C. Water
A. Cave D. none of above
B. Cavern 340. Artesian wells allow water to reach the
C. Hole earth’s surface due to..
D. Floodplain A. pressure
B. gravity
335. Which of the following is the area under-
ground where the space between the soil C. drought conditions
particles is not completely filled with wa- D. human drilling for wells
ter?
341. Areas of still water that collect in low-
A. Saturated Zone lying areas are
B. Unsaturated Zone A. ponds
C. Water B. lakes
D. Muddy Area C. both ponds and lakes
D. neither ponds and lakes
336. is the breaking of rock into smaller
pieces 342. How does water get into the ground?
A. Weathering A. evaporation
B. erosion B. infiltration
C. deposition C. precipitation
D. condensation
D. cementation
343. A place where the water table is higher
337. This is the process in which precipitation than the surface and where a natural flow
becomes groundwater. of groundwater results is called:
A. runoff A. a spring.
B. condensation B. a geyser.
C. evaporation C. an artesian well.
D. infiltration D. Karst topography.

344. Underground, the upper surface of the C. Run-off

zone of saturation
D. Wastewater

A. water table
B. groundwater 350. What is the most common method for re-
moving groundwater?
C. watershed
A. a well bored into the zone of saturation
D. reservoir
345. Much of the water that falls on the B. accessing the water table by use of
ground as precipitation low-grade explosives
A. enters the ground through the process C. building a water tower
of infiltration
D. damming up a river
B. evaporates back into the atmosphere
C. becomes runoff and finds its way back 351. Soil with the greatest porosity has parti-
to the ocean cles that are
D. forms small pools A. poorly sorted and densely packed
346. Only of Earth’s water can be classi- B. poorly sorted and loosely packed
fied as fresh water. C. well sorted and densely packed
A. 3 % D. well sorted and loosely packed
B. 25 %
C. 32 % 352. The release of moisture by living plants.
D. 76 % A. evaporation
B. precipitation
347. Which human activity directly affects the
quality of freshwater resources? C. condensation
A. depleting the ozone layer D. transpiration
B. burning gasoline in car engines
353. What force controls the flow of water in
C. throwing trash out of car windows runoff?
D. allowing runoff from agricultural fields A. gravity
348. % of the total volume of a rock or sedi- B. temperature
ment that consists of open space.
C. permeability
A. Spring
D. porosity
B. Porosity
C. Groundwater 354. plays a large part in the way the
Earth looks today.
D. Permeability
A. Weathering
349. What is the source of most surface water
and groundwater? B. Erosion
A. Snow C. Deposition
B. Precipitation D. All of these

355. An area that is drained by a river and all C. condensation

the streams that empty into it, the tribu- D. groundwater
taries, is called this.
A. aquifer 361. What is saltwater intrusion?
B. divide A. when salty rain runs down a water-
C. water table shed and gets into the aquifer
D. watershed (drainage basin) B. the deposition of salt into rivers
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. the movement of salty ocean water
356. A term meaning “disease causing”.
into freshwater aquifers
A. Eutrophic
D. The melting of glaciers contributing
B. Hygienic salt to the watershed
C. Septic
362. Deposition by moving water in a river is
D. Pathogenic most likely to occur as the
357. The majority of water on Earth is A. water slows down
A. Salt Water B. water speeds up
B. Lake Water C. water becomes warmer
C. Fresh Water D. riverbed becomes steeper
D. Muddy Water
363. Which will help groundwater flow more
358. The keeps the earth supplied with easily?
running water.
A. clay soil
A. Water cycle
B. high porosity
B. Permeabiity
C. low permeability
C. Porosity
D. existence of an aquitard (impermeable
D. Water table
layer above aquifer)
359. The process in which sediments, soil and
364. The name of the area that is the upper
rocks are added to a land form or land
level of the zone of saturation:
mass.
A. erosion A. Zone of Saturation
B. deposition B. Zone of Aeration

C. mouth C. Water Table
D. divide D. none of above
360. The process of plants absorbing water 365. Where is the water table?
through their roots and giving off water
A. The bottom of the zone of saturation
vapor through their leaves refers to which
part of the water cycle? B. The middle of the zone of saturation
A. transpiration C. The top of the zone of saturation
B. precipitation D. none of above

366. divide 371. When a gas changes into a liquid due to

A. a stream that flows into a lake or into decrease in temperature or pressure occurs
in which part of the water cycle?

a larger stream
A. surface runoff
B. the boundary between drainage areas
that have streams that flow in opposite di- B. precipitation
rections C. evaporation
C. the path that a stream follows D. condensation
D. the upper surface of underground wa-
372. permeable rock layers or sediments that
ter; the upper boundary of the zone of sat-
transmit groundwater freely
uration
A. Aquifer
367. An area of land that is drained of its wa-
B. Travertine
ter by a river system is called a
C. Delta
A. water shed
D. Flood
B. water table
C. aquifer 373. Water that is located in the ground in the
pores within rock is called
D. divide
A. watershed
368. A drainage basin or river basin is B. surface water
A. the channel of a stream C. groundwater
B. the land covered by floodwaters D. water cycle
C. the land area that contributes water to
374. Groundwater is thus a form of that
a river
streams during periods when rain does
D. all streams that flow directly to the not fall.
ocean
A. storage, sustains
369. The water that fills the cracks and spaces B. precipitation, dehydrates
in underground soil and rock layers is C. saltwater, dries up
A. Groundwater D. mineral, lithifies
B. Water Table
375. Where water is discharged from below
C. Precipitation the ground, the point of escape is termed
D. Snow a
A. Groundwater
370. What do you call the land that water
flows across, under, and through on its B. Spring
way to a body of water? C. Geyser
A. Tributary D. Well
B. River system
376. Most of Earth’s liquid freshwater is found
C. Headwaters
D. Watershed A. in ice caps and glaciers

B. in lakes 382. How well water flows through a sub-

C. underground stance.
D. in the oceans A. Permeability
377. Most of the world’s water is used for B. Porosity/Pore space

what? C. Water table
A. Industry
D. Run off
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Farming/Agriculture
C. Reservoirs 383. An underground layer of porous rock or
other material that is permeated with wa-
D. It’s found in clouds
ter is called a/an
378. Humans affect watersheds and wetlands A. Watershed
by:
B. Aquifer
A. polluting
B. destroying C. Water table
C. overbuilding D. Runoff
D. all of the above
384. The amount of empty space or air pockets
379. What is a divide? underground where water can fill in
A. a natural stream of water of consider- A. Porosity
able volume
B. Aquifer
B. a continuous ridge that separates a
watershed C. Groundwater
C. small rivers or streams that flow into D. Cavern
a larger river or stream
D. a body of fresh water found in low ly- 385. When water goes from liquid at Earth’s
ing areas surface to vapor in Earth’s atmosphere,
that is called
380. a stream that empties into another
stream A. condensation
A. Zone of saturation B. precipitation

B. Capacity C. evaporation
C. Meander D. transpiration
D. Tributary
386. The introduction of chemical, physical or
381. The change of water from a liquid to a biological agents into the water is
gas.
A. Water Pollution
A. evaporation
B. precipitation B. Potable Water
C. condensation C. Desalination
D. transpiration D. Population

387. What do you call hole that has been dug 392. Logging operations used to use a tech-
below the water table so that water seeps nique called clear-cutting, in which all of
into, making water available to humans? the trees in an area are cut down. What

type of water pollution will this most
A. Well
likely lead to?
B. Spring
A. Toxic
C. Aquifer
B. Sediment
D. Reservoir
C. Nutrient
388. Water from precipitation that flows into D. Bacterial
a stream, which then flows into a lake,
river or ocean is what? 393. What is the zone of saturation?
A. groundwater A. The water-filled layer below the
earth’s surface
B. surface water
B. A place where no water is stored
C. aquifer
C. An area that water cannot flow
D. subsidence
through
389. a rate of inclination; a slope D. none of above
A. Discharge
394. If a stream carries a large amount of wa-
B. Stream Channel ter, it has a high
C. Gradient A. Cap rock
D. Tributary B. Discharge
390. During the process of infiltration, wa- C. Sediment

ter seeps through the ground and into an D. Load
aquifer. Which of the following terms best
describes this process? 395. The flow of water from land into a body
of water.
A. Recharge
A. groundwater
B. Discharge
B. headwaters
C. Depletion
C. run-off
D. Surcharge
D. infiltration
391. Pollutants introduced into surface or
groundwater that are without a specific lo- 396. Which of the following contains more of
cation source is what? Earth’s water?
A. non-point source water pollution A. glaciers
B. zone of aeration B. rivers
C. point source water pollution C. lakes
D. surface water D. oceans

397. An underground layer of rock or soil 403. What effect does precipitation have on
through which water moves stores water the water table?
is termed
A. Precipitation causes the water table to
A. Aquifer rise.
B. Water table B. Precipitation causes the water table to
C. aqueduct lower.
D. Spring C. Precipitation has no effect on the wa-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ter table.
398. When water soaks the ground it becomes
groundwater through what process? D. Precipitation keeps the water table at
A. Runoff a constant level.
B. Infiltration 404. The element that is the primary regulator

C. Transpiration of the trophic state of water is
D. none of above A. sulfur
399. is a measure of the cloudiness of wa- B. phosphorus
ter. C. nitrogen
A. Turbidity
D. mercury
B. Hue
C. Transparency 405. The ability of rock or soil to allow water
to flow through it.
D. Translucence
400. Coliform bacteria are bacteria that live
B. Groundwater
A. in distilled water C. Porosity
B. in solid rock D. Permeability
C. anaerobic conditions
406. An area where water (from precipitation
D. the intestines of humans and animals or a stream) seeps into an aquifer, adding
401. When you move from one contour line to to the groundwater, is called a
another, the elevation A. water table
A. stays the same B. recharge area
B. goes up or down C. discharge area
C. disappears
D. runoff
D. is below sea level
407. What are sources of water pollution?
402. Humans use freshwater primarily for
A. Precipitation as Acid rain
A. Agricultural Irrigation
B. Drinking and Cooking B. Runoff water & Groundwater
C. Mining and Industrial Processes C. Industry & Household waste
D. Electrical Production D. All of these

408. Addition of a poisonous or polluting sub- 414. which material makes the best aquitard
stance
A. Conglomerate

A. Contamination
B. sandstone
B. Watershed
C. shale
C. Groundwater
D. none of above
D. Aquifer
415. Which of the following statements about
409. Rain soaks into the ground the water table is false
A. Infiltration A. The water table changes when dis-
B. Condensation charge is not balanced by recharge
C. Throughflow B. The water table is generally flat
D. Surface runoff C. The water table is above the land sur-
face in lakes
410. H2 O is a/an
D. The water table is low near high vol-
A. element ume pumping wells
B. molecule of a compound
416. What factor listed does NOT affect the
C. atom the flow of water in a WATERSHED?
D. molecule of an element
A. gradient
411. The term used to describe a substance B. porosity & permeability
that is completely filled or soaked with
C. plants
water
A. Permeable D. groundwater
B. Semipermeable 417. Why is precipitation important to the wa-

C. Arid ter cycle?
D. Saturated A. It returns the water back into the

oceans, lakes and rivers
412. When plants die, their decomposition de- B. It replenishes groundwater stored in
pletes the water of aquifers
A. nutrients
C. It returns water to the Earth
B. minerals
D. All of the above
C. carbon dioxide
418. Compared to an area of Earth’s surface
D. oxygen
with gentle slopes, and area with steeper
413. Water above Earth’s surface is called slopes most likely has
A. tributary A. More infiltration and more runoff
B. surface water B. Less infiltration and more runoff
C. watershed C. More infiltration and less runoff
D. groundwater D. Less infiltration and less runoff

419. Which of the following could be sources 425. Which of the following characteristics of
of water pollution? a watershed would act to reduce erosion?
A. Precipitation as Acid rain A. a large floodplain area
B. Runoff water & Groundwater B. soil with a high porosity
C. Industry & Household waste C. a large number of lakes channels with
D. All of these a low gradient
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
420. What percent of water on Eath is consid-
ered freshwater?
426. A new wastewater treatment plant
A. 1 opens in an area where raw sewage used
B. 2 to be dumped directly into a bay. Which
C. 3 two types of pollution will be reduced the
most by the new plant?
D. 97
A. Sediment and bacterial
421. Karst topography is an area that has
B. Toxic and nutrient
A. lots of mountains
C. Toxic and sediment
B. many lakes
D. Bacterial and nutrient
C. caves and sinkholes
D. none of above 427. Deep hole drilled or dug into the ground
to reach a reservoir of groundwater.
422. The build up of nutrients in a lake is a
process called A. Aquifer
A. eutrophication B. well
B. volcanic eruption C. Artesian well
C. algae buildup D. karst topography
D. pond death
428. The presence of water fleas is
423. the course of water that flows in A. a sure sign of polluted water
streams
B. a bad omen
A. Travertine
C. unsanitary
B. Geyser
C. Stream Channel D. an indication that the water is rela-
tively clean
D. Sinkhole
429. The water is able to flow the pore spaces,
424. Which aquifer can retain the most amount
what type of rock is it?
of water?
A. high permeability A. permeable
B. low permeability B. impermeable

C. low porosity C. aquifer
D. high porosity D. geyser

430. a hole bored into the zone of saturation B. The upper limit of groundwater is
A. Artesian well called the water table

B. Flood C. Groundwater is also called the water
table.
C. Well
D. Aquifer is called the water table.
D. Base Level
436. the land area that contributes water to a
431. Which of the following is a hydrological stream
problem currently facing the High Plains of
the United States? A. Geyser
A. over-pumping of the Ogallala aquifer B. Flood

C. Well
B. compaction of the San Joaquin valley
D. Drainage basin
C. mass amounts of human contamina-
tion seeping into the aquifer 437. Small streams or rivers that flow to-
D. flooding of Lake Mead gether to make a larger stream or river
are
432. In California, what sector or industry
A. aquifers
has the highest water consumption (us-
age) rate? B. oxbow lake
A. Our personal home use C. bed load
B. Industrial use (ex:Power companies) D. tributaries
C. Agricultural use 438. How can oil, gasoline, and heavy metals
D. Water Parks and Aquariums enter and contaminate groundwater?
A. Leaky underground gas storage tanks
433. Where is most of the freshwater on Earth
found? B. Oil spills
A. in underground aquifers C. Mining
B. in low salt oceans D. All of the previous
C. in groundwater 439. What determines the shape of a water-
D. locked up in ice, snow, and glaciers shed?
A. the size of the river
434. Water that flows over the ground surface
instead of sinking in is called B. the amount of precipitation
A. water table C. the wind direction
B. runoff D. the shape of the land
C. watershed 440. Which oxides are responsible for the for-
D. aquifer mation of acid rain?
A. Iron and Sulfur
435. Which of the following is true for the wa-
ter table? B. Iron and Nitrogen
A. The lower limit of groundwater is C. Nitrogen and Sulfur

called the water table.. D. Carbon and Nitrogen

441. What is the type of water that moves un- C. Baseball field
derground? D. Parking lot
A. surface water
447. Water on the top the earth can form lakes
B. water table
or rivers, these are termed
C. groundwater
A. fresh water
D. watershed
B. infiltration
442. Most groundwater in michigan comes
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. surface water
from
D. groundwater
A. Shallow glacial deposits
B. deep paleozoic bedrock 448. What is at the lowest points in a water-
shed?
C. ice mountain
A. Rivers/streams
D. none of above
B. Roadways
443. Porosity refers to
C. Ridges/high elevation
A. the shape of the particles
D. Country/State lines
B. The sorting of the particles
C. amount of pore space in a material 449. This aquifer is bounded above and below
by impermeable layers of rock.
D. % of cement in a material
A. unconfined aquifer
444. Most of the pollution in the ocean comes B. confined aquifer
from
C. well
A. Commercial boats
D. aquitard
B. Leaking tankers
C. Oil spills 450. During a thunderstorm, 1725 liters of
water fall on a watershed. Of this amount,
D. Waste from land
322 liters run off into a river and 35 liters
445. Which best represents the most common evaporate. What is the maximum amount
arrangement of zones in a water table of water that can become groundwater?
A. surface, aerated zone, bedrock, satu- A. 1725 liters
rated zone B. 1368 liters
B. surface, bedrock, aerated zone, satu- C. 322 liters
rated zone
D. 35 liters
C. surface, aerated zone, saturated zone,
bedrock 451. A lake that stores water for human use
D. surface, bedrock, saturated zone, aer- is called a
ated zone A. dam
446. Which of these would water run off of? B. oxbow lake
A. Farmland C. reservoir
B. Lawn D. crater lake

452. An area of land where the surface water 458. Well sorted soil
and ground water drain into a particular
A. has low porosity
body of water.

A. aquifer B. has low pore space
B. watershed C. has high porosity

C. subsidence D. means water will move through slowly
D. divide
459. Water found in the spaces between rock
453. the area where water fills all of the open particles below Earth’s surface is called
spaces in sediment and rock A. groundwater
A. Porosity
B. surface water
B. Well
C. tributary
C. Zone of saturation
D. watershed
D. Base Level
454. Many contain phosphates. 460. Surface runoff of precipitation occurs

when
A. detergents
A. porosity is exceeded by permeability
B. oil-based products
C. fertilizers B. the infiltration rate is greater than the
precipitation rate
D. detergents and fertilizers
C. the precipitation rate is greater than
455. What are pebbles and boulders carried in the infiltration rate
a stream called?
D. the evaporation rate is increased
A. a bed load
B. a suspended load 461. Ocean → Evaporation → Condensation-
Which of these would come next in the wa-
C. a youthful load
ter cycle?
D. a dissolved load
A. Aeration
456. an area underground with air filled pores
B. Deposition
A. zone of saturation
C. Sedimentation
B. recharge zone
D. Precipitation
C. zone of aeration
D. none of above 462. What is the term used to refer to a sat-
urated zone of groundwater that we drill
457. a circular depression formed when the
into for wells?
roof of a cave collapses
A. unsaturated zone
A. Spring
B. Cavern B. saturated zone
C. Sinkhole C. aquifer
D. Well D. water table

463. The area of land that is drained by a river 468. Water stored below the Earth’s surface
system is called is called is called
A. tributary A. Fog
B. surface water B. Ground water
C. watershed C. Precipitation
D. groundwater D. Runoff
NARAYAN CHANGDER
464. channel 469. How can air pollution from cars and fac-
tories end up in our water? ?
A. the path that a stream follows
A. Oil drips from cars onto roads
B. the water that is beneath Earth’s sur-
face B. Air pollutants can dissolve in rain wa-
ter
C. a stream that flows into a lake or into
a larger stream C. We use soap to wash cars
D. all the bodies of fresh water, salt wa- D. none of above
ter, ice, and snow that are found above
the ground 470. of freshwater on Earth is “locked away”
in what water source location?
465. When water, ice, or snow falls from
A. atmosphere
clouds to the earth, that is
B. rivers and lakes
A. evaporation
C. underground
B. condensation
D. ice and glaciers
C. transpiration
D. precipitation 471. A farmer applies excess fertilizer to one
of her fields just before a rainstorm. What
466. The upper limit of the zone of saturation kind of pollution is this most likely to lead
is called to?
A. belt of soil moisture A. Toxic
B. zone of aeration B. Sediment
C. zone of saturation C. Nutrient
D. water table D. Bacterial
467. Which best describes permeability? 472. An area where water trickles down into
the ground and reaches the water table
A. The amount of space between parti-
and enters an aquifer to replenish the
cles
aquifer is called
B. The process in which water on the
A. discharge zone
ground filters down through the ground
B. recharge zone
C. The rate in which water flows through
different substrates in the ground C. permeability
D. The ability to hold water D. porosity

473. Where can you find a divide? B. Cinderella

A. Swamp C. The Jungle Book

B. Mountain D. Mulan
C. Desert
479. Which of the following is a source of coal
D. none of above ash?
474. of all water can be found A. Coal burning power plants
A. in oceans B. Hydroelectrical plants
B. in glaciers C. Nuclear plants
C. in the ground D. All of the previous
D. in the atmosphere
480. Plants release water into the atmosphere
475. This is the upper boundary of an aquifer. through a process called:
A. water table A. evaporation
B. drainage divide B. transpiration
C. underground flow C. infiltration
D. reservoir
D. precipitation
476. Which of the following is used to calcu-
late a stream’s discharge? 481. Which is NOT an importance of wet-
lands?
A. the distance its water travels over
time A. filtration
B. the volume of water that flows over B. habitat
time C. flood control
C. the amount of sediment it carries over D. lumber source
time
D. the amount of dissolved minerals it 482. When water mixes with carbon dioxide,
carries over time what solution is formed?
A. Carbonic acid
477. Which conditions would create the most
runoff? B. Calcite
A. land covered with vegetation C. Calcium carbonate
B. densely packed clay soil D. none of above
C. light precipitation
483. The major source of energy and the driv-
D. soil with high percentage of sand ing energy source of the water cycle
478. Which of the following Disney animated A. moon
films was NOT made into a Disney live-
B. ocaen
action movie (at least, not as of June
2016)? C. Sun
A. Sleeping Beauty D. atmosphere

484. The water under the ground is known as 490. groundwater rises on its own under pres-
A. groundwater sure
B. aquifer A. Artesian well
C. water table B. Premeability
D. water C. Well
485. The percentage of the rock that is com- D. Aquifer
posed of pore space is referred to as
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. porosity 491. The surface area where water enters an
B. permeability aquifer is called the zone.
C. recharge zone A. Recharge

D. discharge zone B. Discharge
486. Groundwater is found in permeable rock. C. Tributaries
Permeable means
D. none of above
A. porous
B. nothing can pass throughc 492. Which correctly lists the three layers in
which water moves easily?
C. caves and caverns
D. answer not shown A. rock, clay, granite
487. Which statement is true about a water- B. soil, rock, organic layer
shed? C. clay, organic layer, granite
A. It is used to store rainwater.
D. granite, rock, soil
B. It drains water into lakes and rivers
C. It is surrounded by water on all sides. 493. One way that humans could have a posi-
tive impact on local environments is to:
D. It is an underground reservoir of fresh- A. generate waste products as a result of
water. technological advances
488. Water found underground is called B. use resources that are renewable
A. Groundwater C. increase planting large areas of one
B. Underground Water crop
C. Cave Water D. increase the use of pesticides
D. Sea Water
494. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario suffer from
489. a ridge made up mostly of coarse sedi-
ments that parallels some streams
A. eutrophication
A. Tributary
B. global cooling
B. Natural levee
C. Divide C. overpopulation of fish
D. Gradient D. treated water

495. The top boundary of the zone of satu- 500. water that fills the cracks and spaces in
ration in an aquifer which can fluctuate underground soil and rock layers
based on precipitation and the amount of A. Aquifer

draw from wells
B. Alluvium
A. aquifer C. Sinkhole
B. water table D. Groundwater
C. watershed 501. Meanders are on a river that is in its
D. drainage system mature transportation stage.
A. triangular deposition features
496. Water that lies beneath Earth’s surface?
B. curves
A. wetland C. straight raceways
B. groundwater D. never
C. sediment 502. What is the area where water enters the
D. aquifer aquifer called?
A. Replacement zone
497. At a research lab, a scientist carelessly
B. Aquatard
pours cultures of living microbes down the
drain. What type of water pollution does C. Recharge Zone
this cause? D. No fly zone
A. Toxic 503. Where can you find groundwater?
B. Sediment A. In the earth’s core
C. Nutrient B. On the earth’s surface
D. Bacterial C. Below the earth’s surface
D. none of above
498. What do we call the area of land where
all of the water will drain into the same 504. lala-lalala sing a happy song
body of water? A. ummmmm
A. Watershed B. no
B. Surface water C. yes
D. what
C. Water table
505. An aquifer is a(n)
D. Aquifer
A. underground layer of rock or sediment
499. If water is not able to flow through the that holds water.
rock, the rock is? B. well in which water rises because of
A. permeable pressure.
B. impermeable C. type of hot spring from which water pe-

riodically erupts.
C. geyser
D. place where groundwater flows out of
D. aquifer cracks in the rock.

506. A solid substance, like granite, that does C. Sand or soil, which permits the pas-
not let water move through it sage of water
A. Permeable D. Low rainfall area
B. Semipermeable
512. Water from rain, snow melt or other
C. Non-permeable sources that flows over the land’s surface
D. Aquifer occurs in which part of the water cycle?
A. groundwater
507. Where is the water table located?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. evaporation
A. at the top of the saturated zone
B. between layers of impermeable rock C. surface runoff
C. in the unsaturated zone D. condensation
D. below layers of clay 513. What are the three major human activi-
ties that cause soil erosion?
508. Which human activity leads to subsi-
dence? A. Construction, mining, and farming
A. using toxic chemicals B. construction, terracing and mining
B. filtering out pollutants C. construction, mining, and contour
plowing
C. storing drinking water above ground
D. mining, farming, conservation
D. excess removal of water from under-
ground reservoirs 514. The top of the saturation zone-
509. A stream that runs into a river is known A. water table
as a B. permeability
A. Porosity
C. watershed
B. Tributary
D. saturation zone
C. Stream Run
515. A flow of groundwater that emerges nat-
D. Runoff
urally at the ground surface
510. the maximum load that a stream can A. Geyser
carry
B. Drainage basin
A. Natural levee
C. Meander
B. Floodplain
D. Spring
C. Sinkhole
D. Capacity 516. Which of the following is a reason why
wetlands are important?
511. Which option, among the following, de-
A. Wetlands act as a filtering system.
fines an aquifer?
B. Wetlands are a place where birds go
A. Bed rock and rocks restrict the move-
to die.
ment of water
B. Groundwater is stored between layers C. Wetlands block water from flowing
of hard rock D. Wetlands provide habitat for cactus.

1.16 earthquakes 283
517. What two things are mixed together that 519. What does groundwater descend
creates carbonic acid? through?

A. water and carbon dioxide A. A system of porous soil and rocks
B. soil and water B. Canals
C. limestone and water C. Tree roots
D. water and steam D. none of above
518. Of all the fresh water on Earth, most of
it is in the form of 520. Pathogens are-
A. salt A. Drinkable water

B. ice B. Chemical pollutants
C. ground C. Fertilizers
D. vapor D. Disease-causing bacteria or viruses
1.16 earthquakes
1. While an Earthquake is taking place, you A. Intensity
should B. Epicenter
A. Stop, drop, and roll C. Magnitude
B. Duck, cover, and hold D. Seismogram
C. Drop, shake, and shout
5. How is energy released from an earth-
D. Stand, stop, and cover quake?
2. Approximately what percentage of earth- A. When tectonic plates collide
quakes occur at plate boundaries B. When tectonic plates separate
A. 25% C. When tectonic plates slip past each
B. 50% other
C. 75% D. none of above
D. 90% 6. Which of the following observations may

indicate a forthcoming destrictive earth-
3. What are the shock waves caused by an quake?
earthquake that travel through the ground
A. an increase in the frequency of smaller
called?
earthquakes in the region
A. Seismic waves
B. rapid tilting of the ground
B. Microwaves
C. rapid changes in water levels in wells
C. Electromagnetic waves
D. all of these
D. none of above
7. The slow continuous movement that occurs
4. What is the measure of the amount of along some fault zones is referred to as
ground shaking during an earthquake?

A. slip 13. are vibrations that travel through

B. fracture Earth carrying energy released by various
processes.
C. a foreshock
A. seismic waves
D. creep
B. tension waves
8. records ground movements caused
C. stress waves
by seismic waves as they move through
Earth D. compression waves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Focus 14. When plates move, the shape of rocks and
B. Epicenter rock layers change due to stress. What is
C. Surface Waves this called?
D. Seismograph A. deformation
B. tilting
9. Which earthquake wave travels the
fastest? C. elastic deformation
A. Primary waves D. none of above
B. secondary waves 15. An area that has already experienced past
C. surface waves earthquakes is likely to experience a
D. transverse waves future earthquake than an area that has
never had an earthquake.
10. Which word means the opposite of se- A. more
vere?
B. less
A. gentle
C. just as
B. elegant
C. colorful D. none of above
D. bright 16. The seismic waves that travel along

Earth’s surface and produce the most se-
11. Which scale measures the intensity of the vere ground movements are called
ground movement?
A. surface waves
A. Mercalli Scale
B. tidal waves
B. Richter Scale
C. seismic waves
C. Seismogram Scale
D. Bernoulli Scale D. tsunamis
12. What action should you take if you are in- 17. What do you call the spot above the focus
doors when an earthquakes strikes? on the surface of the Earth?
A. Lie under a table or desk A. Fault
B. Watch the weather B. Crust
C. Call a friend C. Focus
D. Act as though nothing is happening D. Epicenter

18. Which of the following waves does a side A. convergent

to side motion? B. divergent

A. S-Wave C. transform
B. P-Wave D. slide
C. Surface Wave
24. What is a weakness or crack/break in the
D. none of above lithosphere that can shift and create an
19. Which seismic waves make the ground earthquake?
roll like ocean waves causing buildings to A. Earthquake
sway from side to side? B. Epicenter
A. S waves C. Fault
B. P waves D. Focus
C. Surface waves
25. In which setting is the problem of the story
D. none of above resolved?
20. Which scale measures the magnitude, or A. bus stop
size, of an earthquake? B. science class
A. Mercalli C. Luis’s bedroom closet
B. Richter D. Marisa’s house
C. weight
26. if there is movement on eithert side of the
D. density fracture, what is it?
21. what is stress? A. strike-slip
A. a rock deep underground B. crust
B. force that is applied to an object C. thrust fault
C. plastic deformation D. fault
D. a parallel force 27. This rating scale rates earthquakes accord-
22. What is inferred to be the cause of Earth’s ing to the size of seismic waves as mea-
magnetic field? sured by a seismograph.
A. Earth’s solid iron & nickel inner core A. Moment magnitude scale
B. the angle of Earth’s tilt B. Mercalli scale
C. movement of materials in the outer C. Richter scale

core D. none of above
D. the revolution of the Earth around the 28. P waves and S waves are also known as
Sun
A. surface waves
23. The San Andreas fault is a location where B. ground waves
tectonic plates move horizontally past
each other. This is an example of what C. body waves
type of boundary? D. first waves

29. What happens to the tsunami when it 34. Energy that travels as waves through the
reaches the shore? Earth’s crust
A. The wave speeds up A. SEISMIC WAVES
B. The wave breaks down. B. BODY WAVES
C. It slows down and grows in height. C. LOVE WAVES
D. The wave speeds up and grows in D. SECONDARY WAVES

height. 35. Fractures in the earth caused by earth-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
quakes are
30. An earthquake that occurs shortly after a
larger earthquake is a(an) A. focus
A. aftershock B. epicenter
C. faults
B. new shock
D. none of above
C. old quake
D. new quake 36. Which waves vibrate from side to side and
up and down?
31. The rating system that estimates the total A. P waves
energy released by an earthquake is called B. S waves
the
C. surface waves
A. Richter scale
D. none of above
B. moment magnitude scale
37. Which type of Earthquake waves cause the
C. Mercalli scale most damage?
D. modified Mercalli scale A. Primary waves
32. Oceanic crust is B. secondary waves
A. Younger and less dense than continen- C. surface waves
tal crust D. transverse waves
B. Thinner, younger, and more dense 38. Which type of seismic wave produces the
than continental crust most severe ground movement?
C. older, thicker, and less dense than con- A. P wave
tinental crust B. S wave
D. Bigger and younger than continental C. Surface wave
crust
33. What is a large ocean wave that results 39. What is the minimum number of seismo-
from an underwater earthquake, landslide, graph stations needed to locate an earth-
or volcanic eruption? quake epicenter?
A. Aftershock A. 1
B. Liquefaction B. 2
C. Seismic Gap C. 3
D. Tsunami D. 5

40. The scientist that studies seismic activity B. youngest

is called a
C. most dense

A. seismometer
D. least dense
B. seismographer
C. seismagram 46. Fracture that forms as a results of horizon-
D. seismologist tal compression
41. The distribution of earthquakes on Earth’s A. Reverse fault

surface is evidence that Earth’s crust is di- B. Normal fault
vided into
C. Strike-slip fault
A. dishes
B. oceans D. focus
C. plates
47. The scale that measures the strengths of
D. mantle earthquake based on seismic waves and
movement along a fault is called the
42. What process occurs when an earth-
scale.
quake’s shaking turns loose soil into
mud? A. moment magnitude
A. aftershocks B. Mercalli
B. tsunamis
C. Richter
C. liquefaction
D. seismic
D. deformation
43. What is the term for the process used in 48. A tectonic plate division of the litho-
order to find the epicenter of an earth- sphere that includes the continental crust
quake? of Greenland, North America, Siberia, and
the surrounding oceanic crust.
A. Squaration
B. Triangulation A. tectonic plates
C. Parallelagramination B. African Plate
D. Pentagonination C. North American Plate
44. The opening in a volcano through which D. South American Plate
magma flows out onto Earth’s surface.
A. divergent boundary 49. If only density increases with increasing
depth withing the earth, the velocity of a
B. lava tube
P wave should
C. normal fault
A. stay the same
D. vent
B. increase
45. the crust nearest the ridges near sea floor
spreading is the: C. decrease
A. oldest D. none of above

50. What situation can cause the greatest 55. What is syncline?
damage from an earthquake? A. A downfolded portion of rock layers.
A. seismic waves from a focus near the B. An upfolded portion of rock layers.
surface
C. A word made up by your teacher to
B. seismic waves originating from a diver- trick you
gent boundary
D. none of above
C. Click to view seismic waves from a fo-
56. Engineers use a to test the response
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cus deep underground
of structures to verify their seismic perfor-
D. none of above mance.
51. Energy from an Earthquake travels as A. conductor
A. seismic waves B. spectrograph
B. intergalactic waves C. shake table
C. sound waves D. centrifuge
D. plasma waves 57. The record of a seismic wave is the
A. Seismogram
52. When rocks deform to a where they reach
their breaking point (like a rubber band), B. Seismograph
occurs. C. Seismometer
A. deformation D. Richter scale
B. elastic deformation 58. What events caused the formation of most
C. folding islands in the South Pacific?
D. none of above A. earthquakes
B. hurricanes
53. Which earthquakes scale starts at zero,
has no upper limit, and reports ground mo- C. meteors
tion? D. volcanoes
A. Richter scale 59. Which of the following are effects of earth-
B. ground shaking magnitude scale quakes? I. Loss of lives III. Fire II. Destruc-
tion of properties IV. Tsunamis
C. modified mercalli scale
A. I, II, III
D. moment magnitude scale
B. I, II, IV
54. What is the difference between lava and C. I, III, IV
magma.
D. I, II, III, IV
A. Lava is hot and magma is cool.
60. How many pieces of the earth moves dur-
B. Magma is inside the Earth and lava
ing an earthquake?
flows on the Earth’s surface.
A. 20 Pieces
C. Magma flows on the Earth’s surface
and lava is found inside the Earth. B. 12 Pieces
D. There is no difference, they are the C. 10 Pieces
same thing. D. none of above

61. Why aren’t all earthquakes recorded? C. stays constant

A. happen too far underground D. none of the above

B. happen too often
67. What are the types of stress
C. too weak to be felt
A. confining, tension, compression, and
D. happen under the mantle
chear
62. What type of faulting would be most likely B. temperature, pressure, length of time,
to occur along transform faults? and type of stress
A. normal faulting
C. anticline, monocline, synicline
B. reverse faulting
D. normal, reverse, fault
C. strike-slip faulting
D. all of these 68. These seismic waves can only move
through solids.
63. Geologists use the moment magnitude
scale to rate the total released by an A. P waves
earthquake. B. S waves
A. Size C. surface waves
B. Energy
D. none of above
C. Shaking
D. none of above 69. Mapping earthquakes epicenters and vol-
canic eruptions helps scientists:
64. A tectonic plate division of the lithosphere,
A. determine the location of tectonic
including most of the landmasses of Europe
plate boundaries.
and Asia.
A. South American Plate B. predict future earthquakes.
B. North American Plate C. predict future volcanic eruptions.
C. Eurasian Plate D. all of the above.
D. African Plate
70. Which of the following is NOT a fault
65. rocks deeper in the crust are more likely to A. Normal Faults
deform
B. Abnormal Faults
A. plastically
B. elastically C. Reverse Faults
C. both of these D. Slip-strike Faults
D. neither of these
71. Earthquakes most often occur
66. With increasing travel time the differnece A. in the middle of plates
in arrival times between the P and the S
waves B. near plate boundaries
A. increases C. where thunderstorms are
B. decreases D. along the coast

72. Which seismic wave is the fastest? C. Pacific Plate

A. S Wave D. Atlantic Plate
B. Surface Wave
78. Do we always feel earthquakes?
C. P Wave
A. Yes
D. none of above
B. No
73. If you are in a car during an earthquake,
you should C. Both, some earthquakes are too small
NARAYAN CHANGDER
to feel, and others cause damage.
A. drive toward a bridge
D. none of above
B. stop the car in a safe place
C. get out and run 79. The San Andreas Fault that runs through
D. park near a tall building California is an example of:
A. a normal fault.
74. The type of seismic waves that arrive at
a seismic station first and move by com- B. a reverse fault.
pressing and expanding the ground like an C. a strike-slip fault.
accordian are called
D. none of above
A. S waves
B. surface waves 80. In general, the most destructive earth-
C. tsunami waves quake waves are the
D. primary waves A. P waves

B. S waves
75. What is directly above the focus?
A. Epicenter C. Surface waves
B. Fault D. Q waves
C. Seismograph Station 81. The point beneath Earth’s surface where
D. none of above rock breaks under stress and triggers an
earthquake is called the
76. A strong earthquake that occurs on the
ocean floor could result in the formation A. syncline
of B. epicenter
A. an ocean current C. footwall
B. El Nino D. focus
C. a delta
82. Which scale rates earthquakes based on
D. a tsunami
magnitude?
77. A tectonic plate division of the lithosphere A. Mercalli Intensity Scale
that is composed entirely of oceanic crust
and lies beneath the Pacific Ocean B. Richter Magnitude Scale
A. Antarctic Plate C. Seismogram Shakey Scale
B. Indo-Australian Plate D. Bernoulli Scale

83. Tectonic plates move because of C. tectonic plate

A. convection currents D. intensity

B. lava
89. Mountains made of huge rocks separated
C. the weight of buildings and people from other rocks by faults are moun-
D. weather tains.
A. folded
84. What is magma?
B. volcanic
A. giant pieces of rock and soil that make
up the surface of the Earth C. fault-block
B. cracks in the surface of the earth D. upwarped
C. melted, liquid rock beneath Earth’s 90. What occurs when two plates move, bump
crust or slide past each other?
D. enormous ocean waves
A. An Earthquake
85. True or False? The Modified Mercalli scale B. Nothing
rates the amount of damage from an earth-
C. Movement
quake.
D. none of above
A. True
B. False, energy 91. What is the equipment seismologists use
C. False, shaking to record seismic waves?
D. none of above A. seismograph

B. seismogram
86. What kind of fault tends to form at diver-
gent boundaries? C. seismology
A. Strike-Slip Fault D. none of above
B. Reverse Fault 92. A device that uses wire stretched across a
C. Normal Fault fault to measure horizontal movement of
the ground is called a
D. Slide Fault
A. tilt meter
87. What is the paper with recorded seismic
waves that is created by a seismograph? B. creep meter
A. seismology C. laser ranging device

B. seismograph D. GPS satellites
C. seismogram 93. What will most likely happen every time
D. none of above a fault slips?
A. The rocks will be stuck together.
88. The areas along a fault where relatively
few earthquakes have occurred are called B. There will be no movement at all.
C. There will be movement right away.
A. reverse fault D. The rocks will suddenly slip and will
B. seismic gap generate an earthquake.

94. Which scale would most likely be used to B. Earthquakes

tell how much earthquake damage was
C. Faults
done to homes and other buildings?
D. Tsunamis
A. Richter scale
B. moment magnitude scale 100. Earthquakes usually occur at this type of
C. Mercalli scale plate boundary.
D. modified Mercalli scale A. divergent
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. convergent
95. The state of is a group of volcanic is-
lands in the Pacific Ocean. C. transform
A. Hawaii D. none of above
B. Japan
101. carry the energy of an earthquake
C. California away from the focus.
D. Volcano A. Mercalli waves
96. What is the shaking of the Earth’s crust B. Richter waves
caused by a release of energy?
C. Seismic waves
A. Earthquake
D. none of above
B. Epicenter
C. Fault 102. From the simulation tests, which ground
type results in the least amount of damage
D. Plate to the building?
97. What is the general term for a smaller A. bedrock
magnitude earthquake that occurs after a
B. landfill
larger earthquake in the same area?
C. faultline
A. Aftershock
B. Foreshock D. none of above
C. Seismic Gap 103. The location of the earthquake under-

D. Tsunami ground is the
A. focus
98. Which earthquake rating scale can be used
to rate earthquakes of all sizes, near or B. epicenter
far?
C. fault
A. Moment magnitude scale
D. none of above
B. Mercalli scale
C. Richter scale 104. surface waves are made of
D. none of above A. only p waves

B. only s waves
99. Vibrations in the earth caused by the sud-
den movement of rock are called: C. both p and s waves
A. Epicenters D. none of above

105. How are S waves and P waves similar? 111. In what year did the strongest earth-
A. They shake the ground. quake ever recorded in history happen?

B. They travel through liquids. A. 1950
C. They arrive at the same time. B. 1960
D. They vibrate from side to side. C. 1970
106. These earthquake waves can move D. 1980
through liquids and solids.
112. The elastic rebound theory states that as
A. P waves
a rock becomes stressed, it first:
B. S waves
A. Deforms
C. surface waves
B. Melts
D. seismic waves
C. Breaks
107. A student uses clay to construct a model
of Earth. Which layer of the model should D. Shifts positions
be the thinnest layer?
113. What 2 pieces of evidence are there for
A. crust continental drift?
B. mantle
A. continents fit like a jigsaw puzzle and
C. inner core fossil record
D. outer core B. similar mountain ranges around the
108. Which of these is NOT a possible cause of world, one plant species on all continents
a tsunami
A. Earthquake C. gold and diamond deposits on all con-
tinents
B. Landslide
C. Meteor Strike D. none of the above
D. A large sinking ship 114. A reverse fault is created by what type

109. Which method is NOT used to predict of stress?
earthquakes? A. tension
A. detect changes in rock B. compression
B. monitor natural gas seepage C. shearing
C. assess building damage
D. none of these
D. record foreshocks
115. The boundary where two tectonic plates
110. is used to measure an earthquake’s
come together is called
intensity.
A. convergent
A. Seismograph
B. Richter magnitude B. divergent
C. Modified Mercalli C. transform
D. Gap hypothesis D. none of above

116. The break in the Earth’s crust where slabs 121. A characteristic of earthquakes that
of crust slip past each other is called a cause the most severe damage is:
A. Tectonic plate A. A deep focus
B. Lithosphere break B. An intermediate focus
C. Fault C. A shallow focus
D. none of above D. A deep epicenter
117. Which of the following are studied to
NARAYAN CHANGDER
122. The distance between an epicenter and
forecast earthquakes?
seismograph’s location can be calculated
A. movement of the planets, bird migra- by using the
tion, air temperture
A. arrival time of the first P-wave
B. barometric pressure, ocean currents,
B. difference in arrival times between P-
glacial patterns
and S-waves
C. animal behavior, environmental
changes, weather pattersn C. amplitude of the p-wave
D. seismic gaps, foreshocks, rock D. energy released by an earthquake

changes
123. What is a strike-slip fault?
118. What is the name of the waves given off A. A fault that occurs where plates push
by an earthquake? together.
A. Seismic waves B. A fault that occurs where plates pull
B. Radiation waves apart.
C. Sound waves C. A fault that occurs where plates slide
D. Compaction waves past each other.
D. none of above
119. What are some major effects that earth-
quakes could have on Canada? 124. What is the instrument that measure the
A. Billions of dollars of insured losses, magnitude of an earthquake?
people being injured or killed and build- A. Scale
ings, homes, shops and landscapes can be
destroyed B. Seismograph
B. Fires being created due to the earth- C. barograph
quake D. seimogram
C. All the above
125. When seismologist record arrival times
D. No Major effects of P waves and S waves at several seis-
120. What would you do if you were in an mograph stations, they are looking for the
earthquake; earthquake’s
A. Scream and run about A. magnitude
B. Call Grandma in England B. intensity
C. Drop, Cover and Hold C. epicenter
D. Jump in the cracks in the floor D. focus

126. Major geological events that occur when 131. The stress force that squeezes rock until
plates shift suddenly and release stored it folds or breaks is?
energy; frequent occurrences along all

A. shearing
types of plate boundaries
B. compression
A. Volcano
C. tension
B. Earthquakes D. uplifting
C. Tsunami
132. The point on the Earth’s surface where
D. Tornado the earthquake starts is called
A. the focus
127. What happens when seismic waves
travel deeper into the crust? B. the fault
A. Seismic waves speed up. C. the epicenter

D. the mantle
B. Seismic waves disappear.
C. Seismic waves slow down. 133. Second waves to arrive in an earthquake
A. P waves
D. Seismic waves maintain their speed.
B. S waves
128. Which scale is based on the total energy C. Surface waves
of the earthquake?
D. none of above
A. Moment magnitude
134. All folds are created by this type of
B. Richter stress.
C. Modified mercalli A. tension
D. Modified magnitude B. compression
C. shearing
129. Not every fault movement beneath the
sea will produce a tsunami. Which of the D. none of these
following fault movements will result to 135. We know there are two layers to the
such occurrence? Earth’s core because
A. String movement A. S Waves stop at the outer core
B. Vertical movement B. P Waves bend as they reach inner core
C. Sideward movement
C. P Waves bend as they outer core
D. Horizontal movement
D. All of the above
130. What causes the up-and-down wiggles
136. What type of force creates a normal
on teh seismogram show?
fault?
A. variations in air pressure
A. Compression
B. ground vibrations B. Tension
C. tsunami waves C. Shearing
D. electromagnetic pulses D. Confining

137. Different events on Earth are associated 142. what is the speed of s waves
with different tectonic plate boundaries. A. 1-8 km/hr
Which events are associated with trans-
form plate boundaries? B. 1-14 mi/hr
C. 1-5 km/hr
A. folded mountains
D. 1-14 km/hr
B. faults and earthquakes
C. trenches and island arcs 143. The place where an earthquake origi-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
nates is called the
D. volcanoes and sea floor spreading
A. epicenter
138. What type of wave causes the destruc- B. fault line
tion associated with an earthquake? C. tsunami
A. P-Waves D. focus
B. S-Waves
144. The largest recorded earthquake hap-
C. Surface waves pened in 1960 and measured 9.5 magni-
D. Longitudinal waves tude. Which country was it in:
A. China
139. What are the fastest body waves? B. Japan
A. P waves C. USA
B. T waves D. Chile
C. S waves 145. Which factor keeps the rocks from slip-
D. Q waves ping past each other?
A. The depth of the rocks.
140. What term do we use to describe the
strength of an earthquake? B. The bending of the rocks.
A. focus C. The arrangement of rocks.

D. The roughness of the rocks.
B. magnitude
C. epicenter 146. What is an example of physical damage
after an earthquake hits an area?
D. seismic wave
A. Mud slides and land slides
141. The Moho is B. Its starts snowing
A. the material of which the mantle is C. Lighting hits
composed D. none of above
B. the boundary between the outer and in-
147. A seismic sea wave is also known as a:
ner core
A. tidal wave
C. boundary between the crust and the
mantle B. tsunami
D. an area of the mantle that will not C. mega wave

transmit seismic waves D. super mega wave

148. How does folding affect Earth’s surface? 153. The focus of an earthquake is
A. Folding causes the crust to buckle, and A. The point (below Earth’s surface)

over time, to rise up and form mountains. where rock breaks
B. The closest seismic station
B. Folding causes the crust to sink. C. The place where the greatest damage
C. Folding causes the crust to bend in half. occurs
D. A fault
D. Folding has no effect on Earth’s sur- 154. What is elastic rebound?
face.
A. the sudden return of deformed rock
149. Which scale more accurately measures traits undeformed shape
the magnitude of large earthquakes B. the gradual return of deformed rock to
A. modified Mercalli scale its undeformed shape
B. Richter scale C. the sudden return of undeformed rock
to its deformed shape
C. moment magnitude scale
D. the gradual return of undeformed rock
D. Mohs scale to its deformed shape
150. An area on Earth’s surface where no di- 155. Base on details in the story the reader
rect seismic waves from a particular earth- can conclude that Marisa-
quake can be detected.
A. is interested in science
A. fault zone B. does not like dogs
B. focus C. has experienced several earthquakes
C. shadow zone D. would like to study earthquakes first-
D. seismic gap hand
151. The location on the Earth’s surface where 156. To find the distance to an earthquake’s
an earthquake occurs is referred to as epicenter, scientists
A. tsunami A. chart the lag time between preshocks

and after shocks
B. focus
B. use radio wave detection devices
C. epicenter
C. analyze the arrival of p waves and s
D. subduction waves
152. what is shear stress? D. analyze the arrival times of the Love
waves and the Rayleigh waves
A. when rocks are pulled apart
157. The energy released in an earthquake is
B. when rocks fold or break
in the form of
C. a rock deep underground is pushed by
A. rubber bands
weight above it, rock cannot move, it can-
not deform B. sound waves
D. parallel forces move in opposite direc- C. electromagnetic waves
tions D. seismic waves

158. Which scale rates earthquakes based on 163. Can people cause earthquakes?
the amount of damage done? A. Yes
A. Mercalli Intensity Scale B. No
B. Richter Magnitude Scale C. Yes and No
C. Seismogram Shakey Scale D. none of above
D. Bernoulli Scale 164. what is tension stress?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. when rocks are pulled apart
159. L-Waves occur when P-waves and S-
waves are combined to
C. a rock deep underground is pushed by
A. move land up and down weight above it, rock cannot move, it can-
B. move land side to side not deform
C. stretch and compress D. parallel forces move in opposite direc-
tions
D. none of above
165. What do we call scientists who study
160. A tectonic plate division of the litho- earthquakes?
sphere that includes the continental crust A. quakers
of South America and the oceanic crust ex-
B. seismologists
tending to the Mid-Atlantic ridge.
C. shakeologists
A. North American Plate
D. waveologists
B. Eurasian Plate
166. which waves are the smallest
C. African Plate
A. P waves
D. South American Plate
B. S waves
161. Which statement describes the focus of C. surface waves
an earthquake? D. none of above
A. It creates stress in rock. 167. occurs when an earthquake’s violent
B. It develops in the lithosphere. shaking suddenly turns loose soft soil into
liquid mud.
C. It lies above the surface where rock
breaks. A. compression
B. liquefaction
D. It begins about 5 kilometers below
Earth’s surface. C. tension
D. shearing
162. Which term refers to the released energy
of an earthquake? 168. Where the earthquake begins on sur-
face.
A. Focus
A. epicenter
B. Intensity B. joint
C. Epicenter C. fault
D. Magnitude D. focus

169. Earthquakes occur at a plate bound- C. East Cape

ary
D. Napier

A. Destructive
B. Constructive 175. How many rating scales are used to mea-
sure earthquakes?
C. Passive
A. 2
D. none of above
B. 3
170. sudden stress is more likely to make a
rock C. 5
A. deform platically D. none of above
B. fracture
176. A force that acts on rocks to change its
C. deform elastically shape or volume is called
D. none of above A. compression
171. The most likely causes of earthquakes B. liquefaction
are:
C. tension
A. The breaking of the lithosphere
D. stress
B. The slipping or interacting of tectonic
plates
177. Earth’s thin, rocky outer layer is its
C. Magma and energy release from the
A. outer core
inner core of the earth
D. none of above B. mantle
C. crust
172. How many times stronger is a 7 on the
Moment magnitude scale than a 6? D. core
A. 10 times
178. Scientists need different stations’
B. 100 times seismograph reads to determine earth-
C. 1000 times quake’s location.
D. 5 times A. one
173. All of the following cause breaks in the B. three
Earth’s crust EXCEPT C. five
A. plates sliding against one another.
D. seven
B. plates crashing together.
C. plates spreading apart. 179. In paragraph 4, the word plump helps the
reader understand that Abigail is
D. plates changing shapes.
A. weak
174. Where did the biggest Earthquake hap-
pen in New Zealand? B. thin
A. Christchurch C. slightly overweight
B. Waiarapa D. larger than most dogs

180. A may form when a body of water 185. Why don’t you see a tsunami in the mid-
is forced inland by an earthquake or a vol- dle of the ocean?
canic eruption.
A. It hasn’t built up enough strength yet.
A. Volcanoe B. It is deep but not high above the sur-
B. Earthquake face.
C. Tsunami C. It only happens near the shore.
D. Hurricane D. All of the above.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
181. The Earth’s crust is made up of tectonic 186. Tension causes what type of fault to
plates. These move due to: form?
A. tsunamis pushing the plates around A. folds
B. pressure caused by heated magma ris- B. reverse fault

ing from the core C. strike slip fault
C. the inner core pushing the plates D. normal fault
around
187. During an earthquake, the ground surface
D. people jumping too heavily
182. tension is more common at what plate A. does not move

boundary? B. moves only in a horizontal direction
A. divergent C. can move in any direction
B. convergent D. moves only in a vertical direction
C. transform
188. Which of the following refers to the point
D. none of above along a fault, within Earth’s crust, where
an earthquake originates; the point where
183. Earthquakes release that has built up energy is released.
in rocks.
A. Aftershock
A. lava
B. Epicenter
B. magnetism
C. Seismic gap
C. water
D. Focus
D. stress
189. How much more energy is each magni-
184. It is the measure or level of ground shak- tude of an earthquake (ex. magnitude 6
ing that correlates more directly with haz- compared to a 7 OR a magnitude 7 com-
ard impact. pared to an 8)?
A. SEISMOGRAPH A. 8
B. INTENSITY B. 32
C. MAGNITUDE C. 100
D. BAROMETER D. 1000

190. An area where no direct seismic waves B. They have similiar shapes.
from a particular earthquake can be de- C. They are fun to work with.
tected is called

D. They contain many pieces.
A. an inactive fault zone
B. the mesosphere 196. The seismic waves generated from an
earthquake at the focus will most likely
C. a shadow zone
A. stop when they reach the surface.
D. the atmosphere
B. die out before reaching the fault.
191. A foreshock is C. be stronger in the atmosphere.
A. a major earthquake D. move out in all directions.
B. a small earthquake
197. A break in the lithosphere along which
C. another name for seismic gap movement has occurred is called a(n)
D. a precusor to a tsunami A. fault
192. What is the science in which earthquakes B. earthquake
are studied? C. epicenter
A. Seismogram D. volcano
B. Seismograph
198. Smaller earthquakes that occur in the
C. Earthquake Studies same area after a larger earthquake has
D. Seismology occurred.
A. aftershock
193. What scale determines the amount of
damage an earthquake causes? B. liquefaction
A. Richter scale C. tsunami
B. Mercalli scale D. none of above
C. Moment magnitude scale 199. In Paragraph 2, the word tsunami
D. seismographic scale means?
A. an earth tremor high up in the moun-
194. What is the correct term for an area along tains
a fault which has surpassed its usual inter-
val between any earthquake activity? B. a high sea wave caused by an earth-
quake
A. The when-is-an-earthquake-gonna-
happen zone C. a swaying motion back and forth
B. Seismograph D. a body of water affected by tides
C. Seismic interval 200. Which wave has the highest amplitude
D. Seismic gap (line height) on a seismogram?
A. P Wave
195. According to the story, how are Earth’s
crust and a jigsaw puzzle alike? B. S Wave
A. They have many pieces that fit to- C. Surface Wave

gether. D. none of above

201. The vibration of Earth produced by the C. Focus

rapid release of energy. D. S-wave
A. Aftershock
207. Which statement describes the moment
B. Earthquake
magnitude scale?
C. P-wave
A. It measures only small earthquakes.
D. S-wave
B. It collects data using a seismograph.
202. What is the fewest number of seismo-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. It shows only the strength of seismic
graphic stations that must record the ar- waves that were produced.
rival time of P and S waves in order for the
epicenter of an earthquake to be located? D. It determines the amount of damage
caused by an earthquake.
A. 2
B. 3 208. Seismic waves are best described as:
C. 5 A. Energy
D. 10 B. Vibrations
C. Forces
203. We use this tool to measure seismic
waves during earthquakes D. none of above
A. Seismographs 209. An on the ocean floor causes a
B. magnitude tsunami.
C. actual magnitude A. tidal wave
D. sonograph B. earthquake
204. What causes earthquakes? C. aftershock
A. A decrease in energy along a fault D. underquake
B. A release of energy along a fault 210. The point ON Earth’s surface directly
C. A release of energy along an ocean above where rocks first start to move is
called
D. An increase in radon gas
A. aftershock
205. Which scaled is based on observations
made by people during an earthquake? B. epicenter
A. Richter Scale C. primary wave

B. Modified Mercalli Scale D. none of above
C. Moment Magnitude Scale 211. These types of seismic wave produce
D. none of above the most movement on the ground?
Hint:Think about the waves in the pool.
206. Also known as shear or secondary wave;
A. P waves
a seismic wave that causes particles of
rock to move in a side-to-side direction. B. S waves
A. P-wave C. Surface Waves
B. Seismic wave D. Body Waves

212. Tectonic motion caused tension between B. hot lava

plates in Earth’s crust. A sudden release
C. liquids and gasses
of this energy occurred. Based on this in-

formation, which event happened? D. very rigid, not easily compressed ma-
terials
A. subsidence
B. earthquake 218. what is the speed of P-waves
C. volcanic eruption A. 1-14 mi/hr
D. meteoroid impact B. 1-8 mi/hr
213. What is the energy released by an earth- C. 1-8 km/hr
quake known as? D. 1-14 km/hr
A. focus
219. A seismograph is an instrument that
B. seismic waves
records vibrations
C. epicenter
A. in the atmosphere
D. magnitude
B. above the ground
214. If you are indoors during an earthquake,
C. in the ground
you should
D. in Earth’s core
A. stay away from windows
B. get on top of a desk or table 220. What happens when stress builds at
C. scream and panic faults?
D. get outside fast A. Energy is absorbed.

B. Rock can bend and break.
215. In what direction do seismic waves carry
the energy of an earthquake? C. Plates form on the lithosphere.
A. away from the focus D. Earthquakes develop at Earth’s sur-
B. from the surface to the interior face.
C. toward the focus 221. rocks that arch upwards to form a cirlcu-
D. through the mantle only lar structure are called what?
A. basin
216. The first seismic waves to reach a nearby
city are waves because they travel the B. dome
fastest.
C. synicline
A. primary
D. monocline
B. secondary
C. surface 222. First waves to arrive in an earthquake
D. tertiary A. P waves
B. S waves
217. Through what type of materials do P
waves travel fastest? C. surface waves
A. very rigid, brittle materials D. none of above

223. Scientists use different ways to find out 228. Amount of damage an earthquake can
if a fault is active. Which one is NOT in- cause determines the of an earth-
cluded? quake.
A. Scientist created a fault model. A. Pressure
B. Scientist observed the surroundings. B. Magnitude
C. Scientist checked the country’s histor-
C. Intensity
ical record.
D. Focus
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Scientist studied the past and present
vibrations.
229. Area where volcanoes are common that
224. What is an Earthquake? surrounds the pacific ocean
A. tropical storm A. Ring Lava
B. balls of ice falling from the sky B. Ring of Fire
C. A sudden and violent shaking of the C. Circle of life
ground
D. Pacific Ring
D. A strong wind
225. All of the following are hazards of earth- 230. How much stronger is a magnitude 8.0
quakes except earthquake compared to magnitude 7.0
one on the Richter Scale?
A. tsunamis
A. 7/8 as strong
B. landslides
C. liquefaction B. 10 times stronger
D. volcanoes C. 56 times stronger
226. What is a seismograph? D. twice as strong

A. An instrument that records the vibra- 231. When an earthquake occurs, the
tion of seismic waves. waves cause the most damage.
B. The record made by a seismograph. A. primary
C. A plot of earthquake shakiness on the
B. secondary
y-axis and earthquake breakiness on the
x-axis. C. surface
D. The plot of distance over the amount D. tertiary
of time you have to RUN!
232. Which strategy do geologists use to lo-
227. What are shadow zones
cate the center of an earthquake?
A. a place where no seismic waves can
A. They only analyze local data.
be detected from a specific earthquake
B. a place on earth where shadow appear B. They collect data from seismographs.
larger C. They measure arrival times of surface
C. the place where shadow of an earth- waves.
quake appear D. They draw squares on maps for mea-
D. none of above surements.

233. Stress that pushes masses of rock in op- C. Igneous rock forms
posite directions, in a sideways movement
D. Lightning strikes
is called

A. compression 239. The violent movement of an earthquake
B. fault turns loose soil into liquid mud.
C. tension A. aftershock
D. shearing B. liquefaction
234. What type of seismic wave travels com- C. shaking
pressionally? D. none of above
A. P wave
B. S wave 240. Which seismic wave moves at a 90 de-
gree angle to the direction it travels?
C. Surface
A. P Waves
D. None
B. S Waves
235. What causes an earthquake?
C. Surface Waves
A. When it thunders and lightning is
heard D. none of above
B. When the tectonic plates rub against
241. The point of the earths surface directly
or bump into each other
above the point where an earthquake oc-
C. When it Rains curs is called the:
D. When an avalanche occurs A. Focus
236. The boundary of the Pacific plate scrapes B. Epicenter
against that of the North American plate
C. Fracture
and forms
A. A single fault D. Fault
B. A subduction zone 242. A fault is ?

C. A volcano A. the aftermath of an earthquake
D. A fault zone
B. Where tectonic plates meet
237. Which of the following is NOT true re- C. the centre of the earthquake
garding secondary-waves?
D. the strength of an earthquake
A. The slowest seismic waves
B. Transverse waves 243. Shallow earthquakes, less than 20 km
C. Transfer energy deep, are associated with
D. Initiated at the focus A. convergent plate boundaries
238. An earthquake is caused when B. divergent plate boundaries

A. Rock breaks C. transform plate boundaries
B. Mountains erode D. all of these

244. An earthquake under the sea can cause: B. decreases

A. A volcano C. stays the same
B. A hurricane D. is equal
C. A tsunami 250. Stress that stretches rock so that it be-
D. An eclipse comes thinner in the middle is called
A. tension
245. if there is no movement on either side of
B. stress
NARAYAN CHANGDER
a fracture, what is it?
A. fault C. dormat
B. joint D. fault
C. angle 251. Which of the following choices is properly

associated?
D. dip
A. Intensity III:Weak
246. Less developed countries are more vul-
B. Intensity 9:devastating
nerable to natural hazards than are indus-
trialized countries because of C. Magnitude 5:slightly felt
A. bad weather D. Magnitude II:scarcely perceptible
B. weak materials 252. To tell how far an earthquake’s epicenter
C. inferior education is from a seismograph, scientists measure
the difference between the
D. poor infrastructure
A. arrival times of the P waves and S
247. What is the point beneath the Earth’s waves.
crust where rocks first break under stress B. strengths of the P waves and S waves.
causing an earthquake?
A. First seismic surface wave C. speeds of the P waves and S waves.
B. Epicenter D. sizes of the P waves and S waves.
C. Focus or hypocenter
253. Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or
D. none of above breaks is called
248. When an earthquake occurs, energy radi- A. fault
ates in all directions from its source, which B. compression
is called the C. shearing
A. fault D. tension
B. epicenter
254. what is elastic deformation?
C. focus
A. when the rock does not turn back to its
D. seismic waves normal shape when stress is raken away
249. With increasing distance from the epicen- B. when the rock turns back to its original
ter, the time difference between the ar- shape after the stress is taken away
rival times of the P-wave and S-wave C. when the rock breaks
A. increases D. none of above

255. These waves compress and expand 261. Where is the focus with respect to the
A. P waves epicenter
A. directly below the epicenter

B. S waves
C. surface waves B. directly above the epicenter
D. none of above C. in the p wave shadown zone

D. in the s wave shadow zone
256. Which of the following can trigger a
tsunami 262. About how many earthquakes occur a
year?
A. undersea earthquakes
A. 900, 000
B. undersea landslides
B. 5, 000
C. the eruption of an oceanic volcano
C. 88, 000
D. all of these
D. 500, 000
257. Most injuries during earthquakes are
caused by 263. What do S (secondary) waves do during
an earthquake?
A. The collapse of buildings
A. Shake the ground
B. Cracks in the earth’s surface
B. Cause eruptions
C. The vibration of S waves
C. Open cracks in the earth’s surface
D. The vibration of P waves
D. Create loud noises
258. Which department of the Philippines has
264. Two types of stress that occur on rocks
an Earthquake Monitoring System?
and rock layers and could lead to an earth-
A. PHIVOLCS quake are
B. CERT A. tension and stress
C. NDRRMC B. tension and collision
D. PAGASA C. Click to viewtension and compression
259. The largest earthquake of the twentieth D. none of above
century occurred along the coast of which 265. What instrument is used to measure and
continent? record the vibrations of seismic waves?
A. North America A. Richter graph
B. Asia B. Seismograph
C. South America C. Mercalli graph
260. The boundary where two plates are mov- 266. A fracture in Earth’s lithosphere along
ing apart is a which blocks of rock move past each other
A. convergent A. Focus
B. divergent B. Fault
C. transform C. Stress
D. none of above D. Earthquake

267. The fastest wave with a back and forth A. Abigail runs upstairs before a storm
motion. occurs
A. Body waves B. abigail does not behave in a strange
B. Surface wave manner
C. S wave C. abigail is a family pet that has puppies
D. P wave
D. abigail can detect earthquakes
NARAYAN CHANGDER
268. Which of the following is the correct term
for the tendency for deformed rock along 273. crack without movement
a fault to spring back to its original shape A. joint
when its stress is released? B. fault
A. Rubber-bandiness C. richter scale
B. Elastic Rebound D. epicenter
C. Aftershock
274. What do you call the phenomenon that
D. Liquefaction refers to the fast movement between two
269. What type of feature would you expect sides of a fault wherein the friction is over-
to see in a place with frequent earth- come resulting to a sudden movement or
quakes? shaking of the ground?
A. volcano A. Stick-slip
B. fault line B. Stick-bend
C. mountain C. Stick-shake
D. none of above D. Stick-vibrate
270. A place above a mantle plume where 275. what is it called when a reverse fault is
melted rock can form a volcano is a at the fault plane angle that is almost hor-
izontal?
A. fissure
A. normal fault
B. mantle plume
B. dip-slip
C. hotspot
C. reverse fault
D. volcano
D. thrust fault
271. A huge undersea earthquake off the
Alaskan coastline could produce a 276. What safety precautions should you take
during a tsunami when near coastal ar-
A. tsunami eas?
B. cyclone A. Follow an evacuation plan to get to an
C. hurricane elevated point
D. thunderstorm B. Go into your basement.
272. What is one difference between abigail C. Go on the roof of your house.
in the story and the elephants in the inter- D. Put on a life jacket and try to stay a
view? float.

277. Which of the following describes the build C. to decrease

up and release of stress during an earth- D. to fall down
quake?

A. the Modified Mercalli Scale 283. The Richter scale has a set of numbers
from based on the earthquake’s mag-
B. the elastic rebound theory nitude.
C. the principle of superposition A. 0-10
D. the travel time difference
B. 1-9
278. A travel-time graph can be used to find C. 2-8
the
D. none of above
A. focus of an earthquake
284. P waves travel through
B. distance to the epicenter of an earth-
quake A. Solids only
C. strength of an earthquake B. Liquids and gases only
D. damage caused by an earthquake C. Both solids and liquids.
D. Liquids only
279. What does hazard mean?
A. reductions in the levels of something 285. S-waves can move through which of the
following?
B. sources of danger
A. Gas
C. weak points in a structure of some-
thing B. Liquid
D. thoughts that cause feelings of fear C. Solid
280. What is anticline? D. All of these
A. A downfolded portion of rock layers. 286. P= 7 minutes 30 seconds S= 11 minutes

B. An upfolded portion of rock layers. 30 secondsWhat is the difference of time
between the arrival of the primary waves
C. A word made up by your teacher to and the secondary waves on the seismo-
trick you graph reading?
D. none of above A. 7 minutes 20 seconds
281. Which of the following refers to the vi- B. 11 minutes 20 seconds
brations produced by an earthquake? C. 4 minutes
A. Tidal waves D. 5 minutes
B. Seismic waves
287. Which type of seismic waves are the
C. Pressure waves slowest?
D. Sea-surface waves A. S-waves
282. What does collapse mean? B. P-waves
A. to trim down C. Surface waves
B. to reduce D. Primary waves

288. Most destructive? C. Park the car under a bridge

A. love wave D. Stop the car in a clear space and re-
B. p waves main in the car
C. s waves 294. Which best describes tsunamis?

D. raleigh wave A. Seismic waves along the seashore
289. Secondary Waves can pass through B. Giant ocean waves caused by earth-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
only quakes
A. gas C. Giant ocean waves beneath the faults
B. water D. Giant seismic waves on Earth’s crust
C. solids 295. The zigzag pattern of lines that records
D. the defense of the Panthers earthquake vibrations is called a(an)
290. What safety precaution should you take A. seismogram

during an earthquake if you are inside? B. infocus
A. Stay close to walls and/or doorways C. seismograph
B. Take cover by getting under a sturdy D. protractor
piece of furniture
C. Run outside to open areas 296. A(n) is caused by underwater earth-
quakes.
D. Go to the top of your house (or attic)
and hide. A. SEISMOGRAM
B. MOHO
291. Which wave is moves perpendicular to
the motion at right angles? C. TSUNAMI
A. P D. EPICENTER
B. S 297. The point where movement occured
C. Surface which triggered the earthquake is called
the
D. Normal
A. dip
292. Which animals can tell when an earth-
quake is about to happen? B. epicenter
A. Spiders C. focus
B. Snakes D. strike
C. Cats 298. Which seismic wave moves at right an-
D. Elephants gles?
A. P Waves
293. If an earthquake strikes while you are in
a car, you should B. S Waves
A. Continue driving C. Surface Waves
B. Get out of the car D. none of above

299. Odd one out:Which one of these effects C. Richter scale

are NOT a primary effect of an earth-
D. Mercalli Scale
quake?

A. People are killed or injured 305. The tool used by geologists to determine
B. Damage to buildings the location of an earthquake’s epicenter
is called a(an)
C. Famine
A. seismogram
D. Homes destroyed
B. infocus
300. S-waves are also known as:
C. seismograph
A. Love waves
D. protractor
B. compression waves
C. shear waves/transverse 306. What is the location deep inside the Earth
D. Rayleigh waves were the earthquake began called?
A. Epicenter
301. The earth’s is broken up into pieces
just like a jigsaw puzzle. B. Hypocenter
A. Inner Core C. Quake point
B. Lithosphere D. none of above
C. Mantle
307. A modern seismograph consists of
D. Outer Core
A. three sensing devices
302. Which of the following is/are true about
B. four sensing devices
tsunamis?
A. It is related to tides. C. two sensing devices
B. It is a giant tidal wave. D. 10 sensing devices

C. It is due to the upward movement of 308. Which of the following is NOT a cause of
rock on land. an earthquake?
D. It is due to the upward movement of A. Collapse of Cavern
rock at the seafloor.
B. Eruption of Volcano
303. How do faults occur?
C. Lightning Strikes
A. When the Earth’s plates move
D. Moving Tectonic Plates
B. All of the above
C. When stress on rock is great enough 309. Which of the following is the point di-
to cause a fracture rectly above where an earthquake oc-
curs?
D. When the Earth moves around the sun
A. hypocenter
304. What measures the magnitude, or
strength, of an Earthquake B. focus
A. epicentre C. epicenter
B. focus D. none of above

310. What is motion? C. Normal faults

A. movement D. focus
B. a bend or bulge 316. The Richter scale measures
C. a large body in outer space that circles A. the amount of radon gas released dur-
around the sun or another star ing an earthquake.
D. the land beside an ocean, sea, lake, or
B. the movement of tectonic plates over
river
a year.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
311. The point IN Earth where rocks first start C. the strength of an earthquake.
to move is called the
D. the intensity of an earthquake.
A. epicenter
317. How many seismograph stations are
B. focus
needed to locate the epicenter of an earth-
C. primary wave quake
D. aftershock A. 1
312. The most dangerous type of liquefaction B. 2
A. FLOW FAILURES C. 3
B. GROUND OSCILLATION D. 4
C. LOSS OF BEARING STRENGTH 318. Which of the following can affect how a
D. LATERAL SPREADING building responds to seismic waves?
A. the type of roof a building has
313. how are earthquakes measured?
B. the type of ground beneath a building
A. with a tape measure
C. the type of electrical system the build-
B. using a seismometer
ing has
C. with a ruler
D. the type of windows the building has
D. with a Richter scale
319. where do surface waves travel
314. What is the name of the instrument that
A. around the core
measures movements in the ground during
an earthquake and creates electric signals B. through the earth
that can be read to determine an earth- C. on the surface
quake’s magnitude?
D. none of above
A. Seismometer
B. Seismic Station 320. Most earthquakes are produced by the
rapid release of which kind of energy
C. Seismogram stored in rock subjected to great forces?
D. Seismograph A. elastic
315. Fracture caused by horizontal tension B. thermal
A. Strike-slip fault C. mechanical
B. Reverse faults D. chemical

321. Which wave can travel through solids D. the place on the surface directly above
only? the focus

A. P-Primary 327. Stress is
B. S-Secondary A. a rock that pushes water away.
C. Surface B. water that connects two land masses.
D. none of above
322. Which of the following can be caused by C. a force that acts on rock to change its
an earthquake? shape or volume.
A. tsunami D. water that erodes land and builds

mountains.
B. intense ground shaking
C. a landslide 328. where do body waves travel
D. all of these A. on the surface

B. inside the mantle
323. Select the following:These are the things
to do before an earthquake C. through the earth
A. Check for injuries D. around the core
B. Duck, cover, and hold 329. What is the other term used to describe
C. Prepare a supply checklist Intensity V?
D. Evacuate the building A. Strong

B. Devastating
324. This is measured on one of the scales
based on the work of Charles Richter C. Very strong
A. HAZARD D. Destructive
B. MAGNITUDE 330. What is the origin of a surface wave?

C. INTENSITY A. P Wave
D. FACTORS B. S Wave
325. Which is the fastest type of seismic C. P and S Waves

wave? D. none of above
A. p-waves 331. What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
B. s-waves A. an area without earthquakes
C. surface waves B. an area without crustal plates
D. none of above C. an area where crustal plates are weak
326. An earthquake’s epicenter is
A. the spot below the focus D. an area where crustal plates are hard
B. a spot halfway between the focus and 332. Which of the following refers to the place
the surface where the earthquakes start?
C. any spot along the nearest fault A. Fault

B. Focus 338. Which body wave compresses and

C. Epicenter stretches rock materials as it passes
through the Earth’s interior?
D. Fault plane
A. Body Waves
333. What scale measures amount of energy B. P-Waves
from earthquake 1-10?
C. S-Waves
A. Mercalli scale
D. Surface Waves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Fujita scale
339. is a crack in the Earth’s crust .
C. Richter scale
A. Fault
D. Saffir simpson scale
B. Epicenter
334. The place where the earthquake is felt on
C. Hot spot
the Earth’s surface is called
D. Earthquakes
A. Hypocenter (focus)
B. Surface 340. It suggests that elastic strain energy
builds up in the deforming rocks on either
C. Epicenter side of the fault
D. Crust A. EARTHQUAKE THEORY
335. It occurs suddenly when a massive part B. PLATE TECTONICS
of every steep slopes break loose and ro- C. SUBDUCTION ZONE
tate forward
D. ELASTIC REBOUND THEORY
A. LIQUEFACTION
B. PLATE BOUNDARIES 341. What does a seismograph measure?
C. TOPPLES A. The amount of oil and gas under-

ground.
D. LATERAL SPREADS
B. The amount of damage an earthquake
336. When scientist observe the effects of causes.
earthquake they refer to C. The temperature of the earth’s core.
A. Intensity D. The amount of shaking of the crust.
B. Magnitude
342. What does the Richter scale measure?
C. Epicenter
A. the strength of earthquakes
D. Surface waves
B. the amount of magma released
337. What is a break in the lithosphere along C. the time plates will move
which movement in an earthquake has
D. all of the above
first occurred?
A. Earthquake 343. Solve for wave speed given the follow-
ing variables and using the formula Wave
B. Epicenter speed=frequency x wavelength. Fre-
C. Fault quency=16.35Hz, Wavelength is 21m
D. Focus A. 345.78 m/s

B. 343.35 m/s B. it bends or bulges

C. 1.28 m/s C. damage

D. 0.79 m/s D. it can hold the weight easily
344. A tectonic plate division of the litho- 349. The time an earthquake occurred can be
sphere that includes the continental crust estimated from the
of Africa and the surrounding oceanic
A. L-wave arrival time
crust.
B. amplitude
A. African Plate
C. surface wave arrival time
B. South American Plate
C. North American Plate D. seismic wave size
D. Eurasian Plate 350. What is a smaller earthquake that fol-

lows a larger earthquake?
345. Which body waves cause particles of rock
material to move at right angles to the di- A. Aftershock
rection in which the waves are traveling? B. Liquefaction
A. Body Waves C. Seismic Gap
B. P Waves D. Tsunami
C. S Waves
351. What does unpredictable mean?
D. Surface Waves
A. not interested in something or some-
346. How do rock particles move during the one
passage of a P wave through the rock? B. not level or smooth
A. back and forth parallel to the direction C. not common or familiar
of wave travel
D. not easily predicted or foreseen
B. back and forth perpendicular to the di-
rection of wave travel 352. The measurement of an earthquake’s
C. in a rolling circular motion strength based on seismic waves and
movement along faults is called
D. the particles do not move
A. fault
347. Which seismic wave travels the fastest, B. tension
always being the first detected by seismic
stations? C. stress
A. P waves D. magnitude
B. S waves 353. Faults are breaks in Earth’s crust. They
C. Surface waves are created by
D. Tsunami waves A. the lithosphere
B. stress
348. What does it mean when something buck-
les under the weight? C. convection currents
A. when you put something together D. discontinuities

354. is the point beneath Earth’s surface 359. The best way to protect yourself in an
at which rock under stress breaks and trig- earthquake is to
gers an earthquake. A. run as fast as you can
A. Focus B. drop, cover and hold
B. Epicenter C. stop, drop and roll
C. Surface waves D. go into the basement
D. Seismograph
NARAYAN CHANGDER
360. The most destructive type of wave is a
355. Fault block mountains are created when A. P-wave
a string of what occurs?
B. S-wave
A. normal faults
C. Surface wave
B. reverse faults D. transverse wave
C. strike-slip faults
361. Which scale is based on people’s observa-
D. folds tions of how much damage the earthquake
caused and how much shaking they felt?
356. Earth is composed of layers of material
with different properties. Which layer is A. Modified mercalli
most likely to be in constant motion? B. Richter
A. core C. Moment magnitude
B. mantle D. Modified magnitude
C. outer core
362. A tsunami can occur when there is verti-
D. crust cal movement at a fault under
357. The instrument used to record earth- A. a mountain range

quakes is a(n) B. a small inland lake
A. Richter magnitude C. the San Andreas Fault
B. Modified Mercalli D. the ocean floor
C. Seismograph 363. What type of stress forms a plateau?
D. Seismogram A. tension
358. Earthquakes generate compressional B. compression
waves [P-waves] and shear waves [S- C. shearing
waves]. Compared to the speed of shear
D. reverse
waves in a given earth material, the speed
of compressional waves is 364. The crack along which rocks break and an
A. always faster earthquake occurs is a
B. always slower A. focus
C. always the same B. fault
D. sometimes faster and sometimes C. epicenter

slower D. hypocenter

365. Which factor does the moment magnitude 371. What event happens when there is a sud-
scale estimate? den, violent shaking of tectonic plates?

A. damage A. earthquake
B. location
B. volcano
C. wave strength
C. thunderstorm
D. energy released
D. none of above
366. What is the temporary state in which
loose soil and rock materials take on the 372. The second waves to arrive at a certain
property of a liquid? location after an earthquake are the up
A. Aftershock and down
B. Liquefaction A. P waves
C. Seismic Gap B. S waves
D. Tsunami
C. Surface waves
367. What is another term for P Wave?
D. none of above
A. Compression Wave
B. Principal Wave 373. Two types of seismic waves are
waves.
C. Shear Wave
D. Secondary Wave A. standing and sinusoidal
368. Earthquakes generally occur at plate B. body and surface

boundaries, where C. light and sound
A. stress on rocks is greatest
D. pressure and primary
B. the most rock is found
C. stress on rocks is low 374. measures the strength of an earth-
quake on a scale of 1-10.
D. magnetic pull is greatest
A. Seismometer
369. What type of energy waves do earth-
quakes produce? B. Richter Scale
A. sound C. Magnitude
B. heat D. Seismology
C. light
D. seismic 375. What is the name of the largest conser-
vative plate boundary in the USA where
370. An earthquake’s magnitude is a measure large earthquakes happen?
of the
A. Altyn Tagh Fault
A. number of surface waves it produces
B. Mid Atlantic Ridge
B. amount of shaking it produces
C. damage it causes C. Denali Fault
D. size of seismic waves it produces D. San Andreas Fault

376. How often should you replace perishable C. Richter Scale

items in your emergency kit? D. option scale
A. Every 4 months
382. which waves are the biggest?
B. Every 6 months
A. S waves
C. Every year
B. Surface waves
D. Every two years
C. P waves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
377. How many people died in the 2011
D. none of above
Japanese tsunami?
A. 18, 000 383. Earthquakes are caused by
B. 180, 000 A. The movement of tectonic plates caus-
ing stress on fault lines and elastic re-
C. 1, 800
bound
D. over 200, 000
B. divergent boundaries that are at rest
378. We measure earthquakes using a: C. Volcanic eruptions
A. Weighing scale D. Convection currents of magma below
B. Seismograph the earth’s surface
C. Pendulum 384. About safety Who will win during an
D. Digital thermometer earthquake-you or the brick?
A. You
379. Point on earth’s surface directly above
where rocks break to create an earth- B. a Brick
quake C. You and the brick
A. epicenter D. none of above
B. focus
385. Which of the following states a fact?
C. liquefaction
A. Earthquakes aren’t dangerous.
D. none of above
B. Earthquakes are easy to predict.
380. is the point on the surface directly C. Volcanoes are less damaging than
above the point at which an earthquake earthquakes.
occurs.
D. The Earth is constantly changing.
A. Focus
B. Epicenter 386. Is the Earth’s crust
C. Surface waves A. Moving quickly on top of melted rock

called the mantle
D. Seismograph
B. Moving very slowly on top of melted
381. What do we call the scale that Earth- rock called the mantle
quakes are measured on? C. Moving at different speeds on top of
A. Thermo Scale melted rock called the mantle
B. Vibration Scale D. Not moving

387. What do the seismic waves reveal about C. Normal Fault

the Earth?
D. Slide Fault

A. The Earth rotates on a 23.5 degree
axis. 393. Earthquakes are measured on the:
B. The Earth is composed of different lay- A. Rodham scale
ers
B. Henley scale
C. Click to viewThe Earth is 4.6 billion
years old. C. Richter scale
D. none of above D. Morrissey scale
388. are caused by earthquakes. 394. What should be done during an earth-
A. Geysers quake?
B. Tsunamis A. Use stairs instead of elevator
C. Volcanoes B. Prepare an emergency plan to cope
D. none of above with the disaster
389. In which type of location is earthquake C. Evaluate the structure of your house or
risk the greatest? building
A. at plate centers D. All of these

B. on big plates
395. Which wave causes the most damage?
C. at plate boundaries
A. Primary
D. on small plates
B. Surface
390. the crust farthest from sea floor spread-
C. Secondary
ing is the:
A. oldest D. Princess
B. youngest 396. In an earthquake, waves move through

C. most dense what material?
D. least dense A. air
391. Which seismic wave moves like a B. water
slinky? C. soil
A. P Wave
D. rock
B. S Wave
C. Surface Wave 397. All earthquakes begin at this point under-
ground
D. none of above
A. the epicenter
392. What kind of fault tends to form at trans-
form boundaries? B. the focus
A. Strike-Slip Fault C. the fault
B. Reverse Fault D. the mantle

398. When designing a earthquake resistant B. L waves

building, which of these materials would C. Fault zone
not be used:
D. Intensity
A. wood
B. bricks 404. Which stress force pulls on the crust and
stretches rock?
C. steel
A. tension
D. reinforced concrete
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. compression
399. The seismic waves that move fastest are
C. shearing
D. folding
A. P waves
B. S waves 405. What is the record made by a seismo-
graph?
C. Surface waves
A. A seismograph
D. none of above
B. A seismogram
400. rocks at the earth’s surface break more
C. A seismologist
A. drastically D. A seismic wave
B. often 406. The 2011 Japanese tsunami was caused

C. slowly by:
D. quickly A. Mt. Fuji erupted

B. a 9.0 underwater earthquake
401. Scientists can predict
C. a meteorite crashing in the Pacific
A. locations of all earthquakes in future
B. the exact minute of quake occurring
C. the date a quake will occur 407. Where do earthquakes mainly occur in
Canada?
D. the probability of quake occurring in an
area A. East coast of Canada (The maritime
provinces)
402. compression is most common at what
B. West Coast of Canada (Vancou-
boundary?
ver/Victoria, British Columbia)
A. transform
C. The Arctic ocean (Nunavut)
B. divergent
D. Hudson Bay
C. convergent
408. How deep was the focus of the Kobe
D. none of above
earthquake
403. By analyzing the difference in the time it A. 16 ft
takes for P waves and S waves to arrive
at a seismograph station, scientists can de- B. 16 meters
termine an earthquake’s C. 16 mi
A. Epicenter D. 16 km

409. What layers of Earth make up the litho- 414. The stress force that causes a mass of
sphere? rock to pull or twist in opposite directions
is called

A. the crust and lower mantle
A. compression
B. the continental crust and oceanic crust
B. liquefaction
C. the crust and upper mantle C. tension
D. the upper and lower mantle D. shearing
415. The distance between a seismic station

410. An earthquake is frequently preceded by
and the earthquake epicenter is deter-
A. A temporary change in the speed of lo- mined from the
cal P waves A. intensity of the earthquake
B. A temporary change in the speed of the B. arrival times of P and S waves
surface waves
C. calculation of the earthquake magni-
C. Landslides tude
D. Tsunamis D. measurement of the amplitude of the
surface wave
411. A phenomenon in which the strength and
stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake 416. A tracing of earthquake motion that is
shaking or other rapid loading. created by a seismograph. This can be on
a huge sheet of paper, shows P-waves
A. LIQUIDITY
A. Seimogram
B. LIQUEDATION
B. Seismic wave
C. LIQUEFICATION
C. Carrollton
D. LIQUEFACTION
D. Deformed
412. A normal fault occurs at what type of 417. The Moment Magnitude scale measures:
plate boundary?
A. the amount of radon gas released
A. convergent
B. the movement of plates
B. divergent
C. the strength of an earthquake
C. transform D. the weight of tectonic plates
D. none of these
418. What does destruction mean?
413. What is a continent? A. the condition of being wrecked
A. the land next to the ocean B. distressing feelings after shock
B. one of the earth’s seven major areas C. noisy behavior in a public place
of land D. the feeling of being let down
C. a large body in outer space that circles
419. The can travel through liquids and
around the sun or another star
solids, but the can only travel through
D. any part of a whole solids.

A. P waves, S waves 425. If a P wave were to go from a solid to

B. S waves, P waves a liquid-what would happen to it’s veloc-
ity?
C. surface waves, P waves
A. stay the same
D. none of above
B. increase
420. This is the name of the single digit num- C. decrease to 0.0
ber that means how powerful an earth-
quake is. D. decrease
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Force 426. These waves move up and down, side to
B. Stress side
A. P waves
C. Magnitude
B. S waves
D. Plate Boundary
C. surface waves
421. Which of the following amplifies the S
D. none of above
waves during an earthquake?
A. Soft underlying soil 427. What 1-10 scale is used to measure the
magnitude of an earthquake
B. Strong rocks underground
A. Mercalli scale
C. Closeness to a volcano
B. Moment magnitude scale
D. Altitude of the epicentre
C. Richter scale
422. These type of waves compress and ex-
D. Seismograph
pand the ground like an accordion.
A. P waves 428. Earthquakes happen along a fault line.
Which of the following is NOT true about
B. S waves
faults?
C. surface waves
A. It can be found on land.
D. none of above
B. It can be found under the sea.
423. Deep focus earthquakes are most likely C. It is where fault cyclone starts.
to occur at:
D. It is a break in the Earth’s crust
A. Transform boundaries
429. Which seismic waves compress and ex-
B. Collision zones
pand rocks in the direction the waves
C. Subduction zones travel?
D. Spreading zones A. S-waves
424. Measures the magnitude or size, of an B. transverse waves
Earthquake C. surface waves
A. epicenter D. p waves
B. focus 430. These cause the most damage and are the
C. Richter scale slowest waves caused by an Earthquake
D. Mercalli Scale A. seismic

B. meteorite 436. has the highest earthquake hazard

C. primary level of the contiguous United States.
A. Alaska

D. surface
B. California
431. Which phrase describes a feature of an
earthquake’s epicenter? C. China
A. starting point of an earthquake D. South Carolina
B. place around the center of an earth- 437. What device is used to measure the inten-
quake sity of an earthquake?
C. region directly above the focus A. seismometer
D. point about 100 kilometers deep in the B. shakemometer
lithosphere C. wavemometer
432. is another word for an earthquake’s D. movemeter
strength. 438. Occurs when two tectonic plates move to-
A. Intensity ward each other and collide
B. Frequency A. convergent boundary
C. Magnitude B. subduction
D. Pressure C. volcanic eruptions
433. What do scientist use to describe the D. divergent boundary
strength of earthquakes? 439. Which statement describes surface
A. Scales waves?
B. Charts A. They arrive before S waves.
C. graphs B. They travel faster than P waves.
D. diagrams C. They are produced by P and S waves.
434. Which seismic wave moves like an accor- D. They travel deep below Earth’s sur-
dion? face.
A. P Wave 440. Which scale replaced the Richter scale

and is said to be more reliable?
B. S Wave
A. Mercalli Scale
C. Surface Wave
B. Seismometer
D. none of above
C. Moment Magnitude Scale
435. What percentage of earthquakes occur
D. The ultimate earthquake scale
at or very near plate boundaries and pro-
vides even more data to support the the- 441. Which wave can travel through solids, liq-
ory of plate tectonics? uids, and gases?
A. 50 A. P
B. 90 B. S
C. 75 C. Surface
D. none of above D. Seismic

442. The third and last waves to arrive at a 447. In creating these architectural designs,
certain location after an earthquake are Japanese engineers developed new tech-
the most damaging, rolling nology to construct buildings able to es-
cape damage from what?
A. P waves
A. Volcanoe
B. S waves
B. Flood
C. Surface waves
C. Earthquake
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Fires
443. There are 3 types of stress:
448. Which word means cracks in the surface
A. normal, compression, & shearing of the Earth usually around the edges of
B. reverse, strike-slip, & normal plates.
C. reverse, shearing, & compression A. plates
D. shearing, compression, tension B. faults

C. mudslides
444. Huge pieces of lithosphere that slowly
D. earthquakes
move on the asthenosphere and consist of
the crust and the rigid, uppermost part of 449. Occurs when two tectonic plates move
the mantle away from each other.
A. tectonic plates A. Divergent Boundary
B. North American Plate B. Convergent Boundary
C. Eurasian Plate C. Volcanic eruptions
D. African Plate D. Mountain building
445. what two plates caused the Kobe earth- 450. What happens to a tsunami as it ap-
quake proaches shallow water?
A. Pacific and Eurasian A. It causes liquefaction.
B. Arabian and African B. Its wave height decreases.
C. Pillipine and Eurasian C. It causes large earthquakes.
D. Pacific and Juan de Fuca D. Its wave height grows.
451. Which word means the same as substan-

446. what is confining stress?
tial?
A. when rocks are pulled apart A. significant
B. when rocks fold or break B. light
C. a rock deep underground is pushed by C. empty
not deform D. full
D. parallel forces move in opposite direc- 452. What is the difference between magma
tions and lava?

A. lava is magma but it is on the surface 457. Which of the following directly refers to
of the Earth the vibrations that travel through Earth
carrying the energy released during an

B. lava is the chamber that magma flows
earthquake.
A. Aftershock
C. lava is the Earth’s crust
B. P-wave
D. none of above
C. S-wave
453. Why are surface waves more destructive D. Seismic Waves
to buildings than the initial seismic wave
in an earthquake? 458. You are in a coastal city and there is a
major earthquake in your city. What nat-
A. It creates more sustained motion on
ural disaster might you be worried about
the surface
happening shortly?
B. It reaches the surface faster A. Hurricanes
C. It reaches deeper below the surface B. Tornadoes
D. It travels farther from the hypocenter C. A tsunami
454. Point beneath the Earth’s surface where D. Thunderstorms
rock breaks under stress and causes an 459. Who created the first seismograph?
earthquake
A. Albert Einstein
A. epicenter
B. Stephen Hawking
B. focus
C. Usain Bolt
C. surface wave
D. Charles Richter
D. none of above
460. the process in which a denser plate is
455. up and down motion pushed downward beneath a less dense
plate when plates converge; occurs at con-
A. P-wave
tinental to oceanic boundaries and oceanic
B. S-wave to oceanic boundaries
C. epicenter A. divergent boundaries
D. L-wave B. volcanic eruptions
C. subduction
456. The time difference for the arrival of P
and S waves at a seismograph tells scien- D. convergent boundary
tists what information? 461. An earthquake is the vibration of earth
A. How far from the seismograph the epi- caused by the
center is. A. slow release of stored energy
B. How far deep in the earth the origin of B. rapid release of stored energy
the focus is.
C. release of magma from magma cham-
C. The magnitude of the earthquake. bers

462. What does crisis mean? B. Epicenter

A. a willingness to surrender to some- C. Magnitude
body D. Seismogram
B. a conclusion based on incomplete
facts 468. Using what you have learned in class, in-
fer which device in the list below would be
C. a time of great difficulty useful to a geologist because it will align
D. none of above with the lines of force created by Earth’s
NARAYAN CHANGDER
magnetic field?
463. Which of the following waves has an up
and down motion? A. compass
A. S-Wave B. balance
C. telescope
B. P-Wave
D. seismograph
C. Surface wave
D. none of above 469. What type of force creates a strike-slip
fault?
464. A normal fault is created by what type of
A. Tension
stress?
B. Compression
A. tension
C. Shearing
B. compression
D. Confining
C. shearing
D. none of these 470. Where does the first motion of an earth-
quake occur?
465. what is a monocline fold
A. fault
A. a bend in rock layers that are not hori-
B. focus
zontal
C. epicenter
B. a fold that arches upwards
D. locus
C. a fold that bends downwards
D. none of above 471. What natural phenomena happens right
before an tsunami?
466. How does the Richter Magnitude Scale A. the ocean water retreats
calculate its measurements?
B. animals act strangely
A. Eyewitnesses
C. you can hear a loud train-like sound
B. Amount of damage caused
D. all of these
C. The amount of time the earthquake
lasted 472. What is the shaking of an earth’s crust
D. The strength of the seismic waves called?
recorded by a seismograph machine. A. Erosion
467. What is the measure of the amount of en- B. Landslide

ergy released in an earthquake? C. Tsunami
A. Earthquake D. Earthquake

473. An earthquake that measured 8.8 on the C. HIGH TIDES

Richter scale is said to be then a 7.8
D. none of above
magnitude earthquake.

A. 10 times stronger 479. When scientists map the location of
B. 5 times stronger earthquakes, where do they find that most
earthquakes happen?
C. 100 times stronger
A. middle of tectonic plates
D. 10 times weaker
B. in the core of the earth
474. rocks that bend downward in a circular
structure are called what? C. only near mountains
A. dome D. at plate boundaries

B. monocline 480. Why was the Bhuj earthquake unex-
C. basin pected?
D. anticline A. It was an intraplate zone.
475. What plates does New Zealand lie on? B. It was republic day!
A. Southern American and Australian C. Seismic activities weren’t received
B. Australian and Pacific D. Scientists were taking a break
C. Pacific and Antarctic
481. The fault line that goes down the West
D. Indo-Australian and Pacific Coast of California is called the:
476. How much bigger is a magnitude 8 earth- A. San Miguel fault line
quake compared to magnitude 7 one?
B. San Andreas fault line
A. 1 time bigger
C. San Antonio fault line
B. 10 times bigger
D. San Jose fault line
C. 30 times bigger
D. 100 times bigger 482. Which of these factors is involved in
earthquake formation?
477. A series of ocean waves that sends
surges of water, sometimes reaching A. plates getting larger
heights over 100 feet onto land B. rocks breaking
A. TSUNAMI C. stress that decreases
B. LANDSLIDES D. faults that remain stationary
C. GROUND RUPTURE
483. how do P waves travel
D. GROUND SHAKING
A. up/down
478. Earthquakes can happen when there is a
large amount of B. pull/push
A. VOLCANIC ACTIVITY C. horizontally
B. CONSTRUCTION D. none of above

484. How many sets of data are need to locate C. joint

the epicenter of an earthquake? D. P-wave
A. 3
490. Most injuries during an earthquake result
B. 2
from
C. 1
A. the ground moving during an earth-
D. 0 quake.
485. Which ocean in the world is known as the B. the collapse of buildings and other
NARAYAN CHANGDER
‘Ring of Fire’? structures or falling objects and flying
glass.
A. Atlantic
C. loose soil and rock.
B. Indian
D. the San Andreas fault.
C. Arctic
D. Pacific 491. Which of the following could happen as a
result of a volcanic eruption?
486. What causes tsunamis?
A. landslides
A. magnetic pole shifts, seismic gaps, ex-
treme tides during winter B. fires
B. tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, land- C. cooling of Earth’s temperature
slides D. all of the above
C. changes in Earth’s ozone layer, world
492. What does a seismograph record?
climate changes, glaciers
A. the Mercalli scale rating for an earth-
D. undersea earthquakes, landslides, vol-
quake
canic eruptions
B. the ground movements caused by seis-
487. What event happens when there is a sud- mic waves
den, violent shaking of the earth?
C. the temperature of the earthquake
A. earthquake
D. the location of the epicenter
B. deposition
C. construction 493. what is compression stress?
D. flowing rivers A. when rocks are pulled apart
488. What scale is used to measure the
strength of an earthquakes? C. a rock deep underground is pushed by
A. Modified Mercalli Intensity
not deform
B. Gap hypothesis
D. parallel forces move in opposite direc-
C. Seismicgraph tions
D. Richter magitude
494. What does the Moment Magnitude Scale
489. causes catastrophic damage measure?
A. S-wave A. The speed of the earthquake
B. L-wave B. The length of the earthquake in time

C. The size of the earthquake in magni- 500. An area along a fault where relatively
tude few earthquakes have occurred recently
but where strong earthquakes are known

D. none of above
to have occurred in the past.
495. new normal
A. seismology
A. joint
B. seismograph
B. seismic waves
C. seismogram
C. elastic rebounding
D. epicenter D. seismic gap
496. Earthquake waves that vibrate from side 501. Which of the following is a limitation of
to side and up and down only through the Richter scale?
solids are known as waves. A. It does not work well for large or dis-
A. Primary tant earthquakes.
B. P B. It only has 12 steps.
C. S C. It does not use measurements made
D. focus with a seismograph.
497. True or False? When you are out in the D. It only deals with the amount of dam-
ocean, you might not even be able to de- age caused by an earthquake.
tect a tsunami wave.
502. side to side motion
A. True
A. L-wave
B. False
C. Wait, what? B. S-wave
D. none of above C. P-wave
498. Earthquakes generate P-waves and S- D. focus

waves. Compared to the speed of S waves
in a given earth material, the speed of P 503. Which of the following is not a technique
waves is used to build a strong skyscraper:
A. always faster A. Tuned mass damper

B. always slower B. Base isolation
C. always the same C. Shear walls
D. sometimes faster and sometimes D. Spiral staircases
slower
504. The strain which causes a material to
499. What is magma that reaches Earth’s sur-
twist is known as
face?
A. stress
A. lava
B. a volcano B. tension
C. a hot spot C. compression
D. erupting material D. shear

505. What type of waves are produced by an 511. boundaries have the greatest number
earthquake? of earthquakes.
A. Seismic Waves A. Transform
B. Radioactive Waves B. Divergent
C. Mexican Waves C. Convergent
D. Gama Waves D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
506. what are possible responses to increas- 512. Who developed the procedure used to
ing stress? measure the size of an earthquake
A. elastic deformation A. Charles Richter
B. plastic deformation B. Edward Sheridan

C. James Hutton
C. fracture
D. Art Smith
D. all of the above
513. How can Earth’s plates move?
507. This refers to the amount of energy re-
leased by the earthquake from its origin. A. They only move toward each other.
A. Focus B. They only converge or diverge.
B. Epicenter C. They collide, pull apart, or slide past

each other.
C. Intensity
D. They collide or slide along each other.
D. Magnitude
514. What is the minimum number of seismic
508. where quake begins below surface stations that is needed to determine the
A. elastic rebounding location of an earthquake’s epicenter?
B. focus A. 3
C. epicenter B. 2
C. 4
D. fault
D. none of above
509. where quake begins on surface
515. What do we call the outer layer of the
A. epicenter
Earth’s surface?
B. joint A. The Biscuit
C. fault B. The Crust
D. focus C. The Core
510. The study of earthquakes is called D. The Mantle
A. seismologist 516. How do convergent plates move?
B. seismology A. They pull away from each other.
C. seismogram B. They slide by each other.
D. none of above C. They move to connect to each other.

D. It depends, sometimes they move 522. How many times bigger is each magni-
close to each other, sometimes they move tude of an earthquake (ex. magnitude 6
far apart. compared to a 7 OR a magnitude 7 com-

pared to an 8)?
517. A sudden violent shaking of the ground,
A. 2
sometimes causing a great destruction as
a result of movements within the Earth’s B. 5
crust or volcanic action C. 10
A. PLATE BOUNDARY D. 100
B. FAULTS 523. Earthquakes can occur with faulting
C. PLATE TECTONICS A. normal
D. EARTHQUAKE B. reverse
518. Earthquakes and volcanoes most often oc- C. thrust
cur at: D. all of these
A. high elevations. 524. This describes the magnitude of an earth-
B. deep in the ocean. quake:
C. near the equator. A. Roberts Scale
D. the boundary of tectonic plates. B. Strength Scale
C. Richter Scale
519. Earthquakes are most likely to occur at
D. Magnitude Scale
A. divergent and convergent boundaries
525. A is used to measure seismic waves.
B. divergent and transform boundaries
A. barometer
C. convergent and transform boundaries
B. seismometer
D. transform and divergent boundaries C. seismogram

D. seismologist
520. The Richter scale expresses an earth-
quakes 526. A measure of the strength of an earth-
quake is called the
A. Magnitude
A. focus
B. Location
B. magnitude
C. Duration
C. epicenter
D. Depth
D. intensity
521. A type of fault where the hanging wall 527. how many homes were burned by the
slides down caused by tension. Kobe earthquake
A. normal fault A. 7500
B. strike-slip fault B. 17000
C. reversynclinese fault C. 300
D. none of above D. 6500

528. the amount of ground displacement in an D. why dogs bark for no apparent reason
earthquake is called the
534. back and forth motion
A. epicenter
A. S-wave
B. dip
B. P-wave
C. slip
C. elastic rebounding
D. focus
D. L-wave
529. What do we call the area where the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
earthquake begins? 535. what is called when a foothill drops down
A. middle relative to the foot wall?
B. centre A. normal fault
C. epicentre B. reverse fault
D. central C. thrust fault
530. quake means D. strike-slip fault
A. shake 536. When indoors during an Earthquake, the

B. pressure safest place to be is:
C. spin A. Under a sturdy piece of furniture
D. plates B. In a doorway
C. In a bedroom
531. Which of the following will help predict
the site of future earthquakes? D. Near a window
A. Aftershock 537. Fracture caused by horizontal shear
B. Liquefaction A. Normal fault
C. Seismic Gap B. Strike-slip fault
D. Tsunami
C. Reverse fault
532. What is melted rock called that reaches D. focus
Earth’s surface?
A. lava 538. The composition of Earth’s interior af-
fects
B. igneous rock
A. how long an earthquake will last
C. metamorphic rock
B. the speed and direction of seismic
D. magma waves
533. What is the subject of both the interview C. the location of an earthquake’s focus
and the story?
D. the strength of an earthquake
A. how animals sense in changes in the
weather 539. Earthquakes do not occur in the astheno-
sphere because
B. reasons why animals behave oddly
C. how animals protect themselves from A. this layer is too hot
danger B. this layer is too rigid

C. it is flexible and bends easily when 545. The type of stress that pulls on of the
stressed crust, stretching rock so that it becomes
thinner in the middle is called

D. all its pressure is slowly released and
doesn’t build up A. compression
B. liquefaction
540. A seismic station recorded the P-waves,
but no S-waves, from an earthquake be- C. tension
cause S-waves were D. shearing
A. absorbed by Earth’s outer core
546. The instrument that scientists use to
B. transmitted only through liquids record seismic waves is called a(n)
C. weak and detected only at nearby loca- A. epicenter scale
tions B. seismic wave gauge
D. not produced by this earthquake C. seismograph
541. Which type of wave travels the fastest? D. radio graphic device
A. Primary Wave 547. What gets released when plates move
B. Secondary Wave that causes the ground to shake?
A. energy
C. Long Wave
B. light
D. none of above
C. soil
542. P waves are also known as D. none of above
A. secondary waves
548. The Richter magnitude of an earthquake
B. compression waves is determined from the
C. Love waves A. intensity of an earthquake
D. Rayleigh waves B. arrival times of P waves and S waves
543. The line where two tectonic plates meet C. measurement of the amplitude of the
is called a: largest seismic waves
D. duration of an earthquake
A. fault line
B. epicentre line 549. If an earthquake occurs, who studies and
analyzes the energy released from the
C. tectonic line
quake?
D. straight line A. Earthquake expert
544. What does an underwater earthquake B. seismologist
cause? C. meteorologist
A. Tornado D. none of above
B. Tsunami
550. Occurs when two tectonic plates slide
C. Landslide past each other
D. Mid ocean Ridge A. Transform Boundary

B. Ocean Basin 556. What scale is used to measure the mag-

C. Divergent Boundary nitude and the amount of energy released
by an earthquake?
D. Spreading ridges
A. Richter
551. How much stronger is a magnitude 7 B. Frequency
earthquake compared to magnitude 6
C. Earthquake
quake on the Moment Magnitude Scale?
D. none of above
A. 2 times stronger
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. 20 times stronger 557. The trough is the
C. 32 times stronger A. the peak of the tsunami
D. 1, 000 times stronger B. low point of a tsunami
C. the crest
552. How are earthquakes, volcanoes, and
tsunamis alike? D. place where pigs eat
A. All are caused by activity deep in the 558. Undersea earthquakes can cause a sud-
Earth. den drop or rise in the ocean floor creating
B. All cause a drop in the Earth’s temper- a
ature. A. hurricane
C. All give off poisonous gases. B. tsunami
D. All of the above. C. P wave
D. S wave
553. Most severe earthquakes occur
A. In mountains 559. What was the highest magnitude for an
earthquake in New Zealand?
B. Along major rivers
A. 5.3
C. At plate boundaries
B. 9.4
D. In the middle of plates
C. 7.9
554. at what boundary is shear most likely to D. 8.3
happen?
A. convergent 560. The shaking that results from the move-
ment of rock beneath Earth’s surface is
B. divergent called an
C. transform A. tsunami
D. none of above B. earthquake
555. This wave can also be called secondary or C. volcano
shear. D. fault
A. S wave
561. This is created by earthquakes that occur
B. Surface wave on the ocean floor.
C. P wave A. longshore current
D. Seismic wave B. gulf stream

C. tsunamis 567. The Earth’s crust is like a jigsaw puzzle,

D. high tide these pieces are called?

A. roller plates
562. The point along a fault where an earth-
quake begins is called the: B. skeleton plates
A. Fracture C. flat plates
B. Epicenter D. Tectonic plates
C. Gap
568. If the Coast Guard warns of a giant wave
D. Focus of water approaching the shore as a result
of a major earthquake, they are warning
563. First waves to arrive at an earthquake of
A. P waves
A. an aftershock
B. S waves
B. a tsunami
C. surface waves
C. liquefaction
D. none of above
D. landslides
564. What reveals a possible pattern of earth-
quakes and may someday be a way to help 569. If an Earthquake happens under the sea,
predict earthquakes? what might happen?
A. The Gap Hypothesis A. A landslide
B. Elastic Rebound Theory B. An avalanche
C. Elastic Deformation C. Another Earthquake
D. none of above D. A Tsunami
565. What is caused by the shifting of Earth’s 570. Which event most likely takes place as
crust? the result of crustal movement along trans-
A. thunder form boundaries?
B. shaking A. earthquakes
C. lightning B. volcanic activity
D. clouds C. mountain building
566. what does it mean if the magnitude is in- D. trenches
creased by one number
571. If a long period of time passes between
A. 7 times as intense, 19 times more en- the arrival of an earthquake’s P waves
ergy and S waves, seismologists would infer
B. 10 times as intense, 15 times more en- that the earthquake’s
ergy
A. epicenter must be very close.
C. 4 times as intense, 32 times more en-
B. magnitude must be very small.
ergy
C. epicenter must be far away.
D. 10 times as intense, 32 times more en-
ergy D. magnitude must be very high.

572. Which of these seismic waves creates the 577. crack with movement
most damage during an earthquake?
A. focus
A. primary
B. joint
B. secondary
C. surface C. fault
D. none of above D. epicenter
573. body waves consist of the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
578. To locate the epicenter of earthquakes,
A. p waves only scientists use computers to
B. s waves only
A. analyze hypotheses and theories
C. p and s waves
B. perform triangulations based on data
D. surface waves from seismograph stations
574. Which of these earthquakes were in a C. detect vibrations
place that has experienced many earth-
quakes? D. determine magnitude and intensity
A. The Bihar earthquake
579. Old, cold, dense ocean crust will subduct
B. The Bhuj earthquake deeper into the Earth’s interior, therefore
C. None of them causing a earthquake.
D. All of the above A. Shallow
575. Which of the following states an opin- B. Deep
ion?
C. Intermediate
A. Tsunamis are the largest type of
waves. D. Medium
B. Clouds of dust and ash rise into the air
during a volcanic eruption. 580. Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two
opposite directions is called
C. Underwater earthquakes cause the
sea floor to move violently. A. deformation
D. Earthquakes are the most damaging B. tension
natural disaster.
C. compression
576. In earthquake terminology, how is a fo-
cus described? D. shearing
A. Energy of an earthquake carried away
from the epicenter. 581. Where and when did the largest recorded
earthquake take place?
B. The point beneath the Earth’s surface
where rock under stress breaks to cause A. 2010 in Haiti
an earthquake.
B. 2011 in Japan
C. The point on the surface directly above
the origin of the earthquake. C. 2011 in Chile
D. none of above D. 1960 in Chile

582. Why do spiders and frogs sense an earth- 587. How much bigger is a magnitude 8 earth-
quake before humans do? quake compared to magnitude 6 quake on
the Richter Scale?

A. They sense changes in air pressure
A. 2 times bigger
B. They sense changes in water pressure
B. 20 times bigger
C. They notice rats and snakes leaving C. 48 times bigger

cities D. 100 times bigger
D. They detect ground vibrations 588. A scale that rates an earthquake’s mag-
nitude
583. The amount of matter in a given space or
volume; oceanic crust is thinner, but denser A. seismograph
than continental crust. B. epicenter
A. Crustal Rock Material C. Richter
B. Density of Plates D. none of above
C. Plate Boundary 589. What year did the strongest earthquake
D. Pacific Plate in Indonesia happen?
A. 2003
584. Which wave can travel through solids and B. 2004
liquids?
C. 2005
A. P-Waves
D. 2006
B. S-Waves
590. In what direction does an earthquake’s
C. Surface Waves seismic waves carry energy?
D. none of above A. away from focus
585. A written record of earthquake motion is B. toward focus
called a C. from surface to interior
A. seismograph D. through the mantle only
B. seismogram 591. Tsunamis are
C. seismologist A. waves that cannot cause damage on
D. seismometer land
B. often generated by movements of the
586. There is a break in the earth’s crust un- ocean floor
der Lake Erie. What do geologists call this
C. waves that are produced by tidal
break?
forces
A. tsunami D. also known as tidal waves
B. fault
592. A large area of flat land elevated high
C. earthquake above sea level is called a
D. none of above A. syncline

B. canyon 598. Which seismic wave does a seismograph

C. plateau detect first?
A. P Wave
D. fault
B. S Wave
593. what is it called when the dip of a dip slip C. Surface Wave
fault is vertical?
D. none of above
A. normal fault
599. P Waves travel through
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. strike-slip fault
A. Solids
C. reverse fault
B. Liquids
D. fracture C. Both
594. Where do earthquakes most often origi- D. none of above
nate?
600. Where do the greatest magnitude earth-
A. In the oceans. quakes occur?
B. At faults. A. along convergent boundaries
C. Near the South Pole. B. along transform boundaries
D. In Earth’s outer core. C. along divergent boundaries
D. none of above
595. In what order do the three types of seis-
mic waves arrive at a seismograph? 601. what is called when a foothill drops down
relative to the hanging wall?
A. S wave, P wave, Surface wave
A. normal fault
B. Surface wave, P wave and S wave
B. thrust fault
C. P wave, S wave and Surface wave
C. reverse fault
D. P wave, Surface wave and S wave D. strike-slip fault
596. This scale describes the total energy re- 602. Which of the following should you con-
leased by an earthquake and is measured sider when designing skyscrapers in earth-
by Arabic numerals quake zones;
A. MODIFIED MERCALLI A. Wifi
B. RICHTER SCALE B. gas pipes emergency shut off
C. ROSSI-FOREL SCALE C. home cinemas
D. SEISMIC SCALE D. ceiling height
603. Which of the following is the Japanese
597. A giant wave usually caused by an earth-
name for a sea wave produced by the dis-
quake beneath the ocean floor is called
placement of the sea floor.
A. earthquake A. Liquefaction
B. volcano B. Moho
C. tsunami C. Tsunami
D. fault D. Surface Wave

604. how many km of railway was destroyed 610. Bases upon the diagram to the right, in-
by the Kobe earthquake fer where the epicenter of an earthquake
is located?

A. 13 km
B. 1300 km A. above the focus
C. 3 km B. below the focus
D. 130 km C. on top of the focus
605. How fast can tsunamis travel? D. in the middle of the earthquake
A. 400 mph 611. Which of the following affects the

B. 100 mph amount of destruction caused by earth-
quake vibrations?
C. 1, 000, 000 mph
A. the nature of the material on which
D. 500 mph
structures are built
606. What does the Modified Mercalli Scale B. the design of structures
measure?
C. the intensity and duration of the vibra-
A. Intensity of the earthquake tions
B. Magnitude of the earthquake D. All of the above
C. Damage done by the earthquake
612. Earth’s surface directly above the earth-
D. Size of the earthquake
quake’s focus called
607. what is an anticline fold? A. seismic waves
A. a bend in rock layers that are not hori- B. fault
zontal
C. epicenter
B. a fold that bends downwards
D. seismic center
C. a fold that bends upward
D. none of above 613. The snapping back of deformed rock to its
previous shape.
608. Which of the following is NOT a cause of
tsunamis? A. elastic rebound
A. volcanic eruption B. plastic rebound

B. tornado C. rebound motion
C. undersea landslide D. divergent boundary
D. undersea earthquake 614. Which scaled measures impacts of earth-
609. Overall, which seismic waves are the quakes based on observations made by
most destructive? people during an earthquake?
A. surface wave A. Richter Scale
B. s waves B. Modified Mercalli Scale
C. p waves C. Moment Magnitude Scale
D. compression waves D. Seismic scale

615. This scale rates earthquakes by estimat- C. sinkhole

ing the total energy released. D. tsunami
A. Moment magnitude scale
621. What do scientists call the boundary be-
B. Mercalli scale tween two tectonic plates?
C. Richter scale A. Vaults
D. none of above B. Epicenters
616. What should you do in an earthquake? C. Crusts
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Stay indoors D. Faults
B. Go outside as fast as possible 622. Which scale is used to report the magni-
C. Walk near glass doors & breakable tude of an earthquake?
structures A. Mercalli
D. Stay wherever you are B. Richter
C. Fujita
617. Which seismic wave cannot travel
through the outer core of the Earth? D. Morimoto
A. Tsunami waves 623. Why did the author organize the informa-
B. P waves tion in a series of questions and answers?
C. S waves A. To report research results and statis-

tics
D. Sound waves
B. To keep readers informed about break-
618. The first waves to arrive at a certain loca- ing news
tion after an earthquake are the compres- C. To test readers on their knowledge of
sional (push/pull) animal behavior
A. P waves D. to capture the exchange of an inter-
B. S waves view
C. Surface waves 624. An earthquake’s is a measurement of
D. none of above its strength based on seismic waves and
movement along faults.
619. which of these are factors that influence A. Energy
magnitude
B. Intensity
A. movement
C. Magnitude
B. distance
D. none of above
C. force
625. Which statement describes a seismo-
D. all of these
graph?
620. Violent shaking from an earthquake can A. It has a flat graphing surface.
cause soil and rock on slopes to fail and B. It is used to locate an earthquake’s fo-
cause a cus.
A. fault C. It uses a needle on graph paper to
B. landslide measure seismic wave activity.

D. It measures data used to find the dif- A. Focus

ference between the arrival times of sur-
B. Intensity
face waves.

C. Epicenter
626. Which statement describes P waves?
D. Magnitude
A. They start as surface waves.
B. They travel through liquids. 632. What type of boundary do earthquakes
most frequently occur along?
C. They vibrate from side to side.
A. transform and convergent
D. They move slower than S waves.
B. divergent and transform
627. A reverse fault occurs at what type of C. convergent and divergent
plate boundary?
D. none of above
A. convergent
B. divergent 633. The movement of magma around the man-
tle is called a:
C. transform
D. none of these A. tectonic current
B. pressure current
628. What are the Earth’s landmasses called?
C. conductive current
A. Pangea
D. convection current
B. Oceans
C. Continents 634. S waves cannot pass through
D. none of above A. Solids
B. The mantle
629. causes severe damage
A. S-wave C. The earth’s outer core
B. focus D. The asthenosphere
C. P-wave 635. Which feature is created by all 3 types of

D. L-wave plate boundaries.
A. Earthquakes
630. What device measures the strength of an
earthquake? B. Mountains
A. seismograph C. Subduction Zones
B. barometer D. Volcanoes
C. anemometer
636. Which of the following types of faults oc-
D. none of above cur at a transform boundary?
631. Scientists use different ways to describe A. normal fault

how powerful an earthquake is. Which B. tension fault
method refers to noting the effects of the
C. reverse fault
earthquake on people, structures, and the
surroundings? D. strike-slip fault

637. How much drinking water should you in- B. Liquefaction

clude in an emergency preparedness kit? C. Seismic Gap
A. One liter D. Tsunami
B. At least 2 bottles
643. The fractures in Earth’s crust are called
C. One gallon
D. One bottle
A. Cracks
NARAYAN CHANGDER
638. Most of the information about Earth’s in- B. Crumbles
terior was obtained by studying
C. Faults
A. meteorites
D. Fumbles
B. earthquake waves
644. Which wave can travel through all mate-
C. rocks in deep wells
rials?
D. rocks of the ocean crust
A. P-primary
639. What earthquake rating scale rates B. S-secondary
earthquakes by describing their effects on
people, buildings, and the land surface in C. L-Long
a given location? D. none of above
A. Moment magnitude scale 645. When considering the three types of
B. Mercalli scale seismic waves, which waves move more
C. Richter scale slowly than their counterparts yet produce
the most severe ground movements?
D. none of above
A. P waves
640. What does the word alter mean? B. S waves
A. fixed C. surface waves
B. healed D. none of above
C. changed
646. The most devastating tsunami that killed
D. decorated
the most people occurred in
641. If an Earthquake hits while driving, you A. 2004-Indian Ocean
should:
B. 2011-Japan
A. Drive quickly away from the Earth-
C. 1960-Chile
quake
D. 79-Pompeii
B. Pull over and stay in the car
C. Pull over and get out of the car 647. One of the results of an earthquake can
be
D. none of above
A. PROPERTY DAMAGE
642. What is an area along a seismically active
fault where no earthquake activity has oc- B. TSUNAMI
curred over a long period of time? C. LANDSLIDE
A. Aftershock D. ALL ARE CORRECT ANSWERS

648. Scientists use the P and S time difference 653. Where do tsunamis mainly occur in
to tell Canada?

A. the strength of the surface wave A. East coast of Canada (The maritime
provinces)
B. the magnitude of quake
B. West Coast of Canada (Vancou-
C. the distance of the epicenter from sta-
ver/Victoria, British Columbia)
tion
C. The Arctic ocean (Nunavut)
D. if quake occurred
D. The Great Lakes of Canada
649. The number of associated with a
plate boundary is a factor that affects the 654. All of the following are ways to help sup-
magnitude of an earthquake port buildings during earthquakes EXCEPT
A. boundaries A. making buildings less brittle
B. faults B. making buildings more flexible
C. volcanoes C. making buildings taller than normal
D. cities D. making buildings better able to move
with earth
650. How is a tsunami different from an earth-
quake? 655. The amount of shaking produced by an
earthquake at a given location is called the
A. A tsunami is caused by an earthquake
or volcano.
A. epicenter
B. A tsunami causes an earthquake.
B. Richter magnitude
C. A tsunami is measured on a Richter
scale. C. magnitude
D. A tsunami doesn’t cause any damage D. intensity
to property.
656. what is a fracture?
651. What are the different kinds of seismic
A. when the rock does not turn back to its
waves?
normal shape when stress is taken away
A. Q, R, and S waves
B. when the rock turns back to its original
B. R, S, and surface waves shape after the stress is taken away
C. P, S, and surface waves C. when the rock breaks
652. when the dip is inclined relative to hori- 657. How do scientists know the earth’s outer
zontal, what is called? core is liquid?
A. fault A. P and S waves travel through it
B. joint B. Only P waves travel through it
C. dip-slip fault C. P & S waves will not travel through it
D. thrust fault D. Only S waves travel through it

658. the place where two different plates 664. The land between two normal faults
have contact. moves upward to form a
A. Pacific Plate A. fold
B. Mountains B. syncline
C. Earthquakes C. hanging wall
D. Plate Boundaries D. fault block mountain
NARAYAN CHANGDER
659. A seismogram shows that P waves
665. If an earthquake generates enough shak-
travel
ing intensity, structures like buildings,
A. at the same speed as surface waves bridges and dams can be severely dam-
B. at the same speed as S waves aged.
C. more slowly than S waves A. LATERAL SPREAD
D. faster than S waves B. LANDSLIDES
660. Earthquake with the Highest Magnitude C. GROUND SHAKING
A. Tohoku Earthquake D. ROCK FALLS

B. San Fernando Earthquake 666. Events in which molten rock spews out
C. Valdivia Earthquake from the mantle to the surface of Earth
as ash, lava and gases; major geologi-
D. Great Alaska Earthquake
cal events that occur when a dense plate
661. The stress force called squeezes rock subducts below a less dense plate
until it folds or breaks. A. Mountain Building
A. compression B. Convergent boundary
B. liquefaction C. Divergent boundary
C. tension
D. Volcanic eruptions
D. shearing
667. An earthquake can be defined as the sud-
662. Where is the energy of the earthquake den shaking of the
the greatest?
A. Oceanic crust
A. mantle
B. Lithosphere
B. epicenter
C. Inner core
C. focus
D. none of above
D. crust
663. These waves vibrate from side to side on 668. What type of plate boundary are volca-
Earth’s Surface noes most often found at?
A. Primary Waves A. convergent
B. Secondary Waves B. divergent
C. Love Waves C. transform
D. Rayleigh Waves D. both convergent and divergent

669. The most destructive seismic waves are C. store food, water, and other useful
things

A. Shear waves D. plan a place to meet others
B. Surface waves 675. are the slowest seismic waves.
C. Primary waves A. P waves
D. None of the above B. S waves
670. What is the instrument used to measure C. Surface waves
earthquakes. D. Epicenter
A. scale
676. how many people were left homeless
B. Seismograph from the Kobe earthquake
C. seismologist A. 400000
D. focus seismic map B. 300000
671. Which of the following is NOT true re- C. 2000
garding primary-waves? D. 10000
A. The fastest moving seismic waves 677. Which of the following monitors ONLY
B. Longitudinal waves vertical movements (rising and falling)
C. Cause little damage along a fault?
D. Can be easily detected by humans A. tiltmeter

B. creep meter
672. What US state has the most earth-
quakes? C. laser ranging device
A. California D. GPS satellite
B. Hawaii 678. Seismographs detect and record

waves
C. Alaska
A. sound
D. none of above
B. light
673. A tectonic plate division of the litho-
C. seismic
sphere that includes the continental crust
of India and Australia and the surrounding D. radio
oceanic crust.
679. Rank the seismic waves in order of ap-
A. Pacific Plate pearance when an earthquake first occurs
B. Antarctic Plate as measured by a seismograph.
C. Indo-Australian Plate A. S waves, P waves, then surface waves
D. African Plate
B. P waves, S waves, then surface waves
674. Which of the following is NOT something
you should do before an earthquake? C. S and P waves at the same time, then
A. safeguard your home surface waves
B. hide in the closet D. none of above

1.17 volcanoes 346
680. causes little damage 685. Which of the following are true of earth-
A. focus quake prediction?
A. it is unreliable
B. P-wave
B. it is impossible
C. S-wave
C. scientists do not attempt it
D. L-wave
D. it is not important
681. When an earthquake occurs, energy radi-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ates in all directions from its source, which 686. Area where the Earthquake registers the
is called the strongest shaking. It is located directly
above the focus.
A. seismic center
A. SEISMIC WAVES
B. fault
B. FAULT
C. epicenter
C. EPICENTER
D. focus
D. FOCUS
682. The spot directly above the focus of an
687. Which body wave squeezes and stretches
earthquake.
rock materials as they pass through the
A. focus Earth?
B. epicenter A. Body Waves
C. fault B. P Waves
D. none of above C. S Waves
683. How do earthquakes occur? D. Surface Waves
A. When a tsunami happens 688. A sudden shaking of the earth is called an

B. When birds fly
A. tsunami
C. When two plates rub against each
other B. earthquake
D. when a volcano erupts C. pressure
D. seismograph
684. What is a type of seismic wave that
can move at the greatest speeds and can 689. Which of the following causes earth-
travel through all the layers of the Earth? quakes?
A. shear A. elastic rebound
B. secondary B. Richter scale
C. primary C. release of heat
D. none of above D. frictional heating
1.17 volcanoes

1.17 volcanoes 347
1. What is VISCOSITY? C. boiling 212 degrees

A. The color of a lava D. 2000 degrees

B. A harmful gas from volcanoes
7. Volcanic eruptions are caused by
C. The amount of pressure needed to
move lava A. gravity.
D. Lava’s resistance to flow B. pressure.
2. Which can travel at speeds greater than C. explosions.

100 km/hr and include hot gas, ash, and D. Earth’s rotation.
rock?
A. pyroclastic flow 8. Which type of volcano is Paricutin in Mex-
ico?
B. mudflows
A. Caldera
C. ash fall
B. Cinder Cone
D. lava flows
3. what are active volcanoes?
D. Shield Volcano
A. Volcanoes that will erupt Again
B. Volcanoes that will never erupt 9. Which list places the magma types in or-
C. volcanoes that can erupt again but der of decreasing viscosity (most viscous
wont listed first)?
D. none of above A. basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic

B. rhyolitic, andesitic, basaltic
4. What part of the Philippines can we locate
Mt. Binuluan? C. andesitic, basaltic, rhyolitic
A. Kalinga D. basaltic, rhyolitic, andesitic
B. Apayao
10. A volcano that may erupt again at some
C. Mt.Province time in the distant future is
D. Benguet A. active
5. Which text feature could the author add to B. dormant
help the reader understand the meaning of
important words in the text? C. explosive
A. bold words D. extinct

B. table of contents 11. What is a constructive force?
C. glossary A. A natural process that builds up land
D. timeline
B. A natural process that destroys land
6. How hot is a volcano? C. A natural process that breaks up rocks
A. it is not hot it is cold and sediment
B. 55 degrees D. none of above

1.17 volcanoes 348
12. A composite volcano B. Cinder cone volcano

A. is built from layers of lava and volcanic C. Composite volcano
ash. D. Shield volcano
B. consists primarily of cinders and vol-
canic rock. 18. Before lava reaches the surface, the
molten material is called
C. composed almost entirely of thin lava.
A. rock.
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. liquid fire.
13. Mount St. Helen’s, which is the last vol-
C. volcanic ash.
cano to erupt in the continental United
States, is located in which state? D. magma.
A. Oregon 19. Island arcs are curved chains of volcanic is-
B. Wyoming lands formed
C. Washington A. when 2 oceanic plates converge.
D. Hawaii B. when oceanic plates diverge.
14. A volcano becomes extinct when C. when an oceanic & continental plate
converge.
A. it hasn’t erupted in a few hundred
years D. at a transform boundary between an
oceanic & continental plate.
B. its magma chamber dries up
C. it only emits ash and smoke 20. Where is Mount St Helens is located in?
D. its crater becomes filled with water A. United States of America

B. Malaysia
15. Is a substance formed by the chemical com-
bination of oxygen and silicon atoms. C. Italy
A. Silica D. Philippines
B. Silica Oxide 21. Which kind of volcano will probably never
C. Silica Acid erupt again?
D. Magma A. a chamber volcano
B. an extinct volcano
16. Which of the following is most likely to
damage the largest area? C. an active volcano
A. fissure eruption D. a dormant volcano
B. an eruption from a cinder cone 22. What do you do when a volcano is about
C. an eruption that forms a caldera to erupt?
D. lava flows from a shield volcano A. drive away
17. These volcanoes have slow, steady erup- B. go to the lower level of the building
tions in which lava, flows out and builds your in
up over a broad area. C. go out of the building your in
A. Lava plateau volcano D. none of above

1.17 volcanoes 349
23. Which type of magma has the lowest gas 29. Which feature is created on the exterior of
content? a volcano when it erupts?
A. magma chamber

A. Basaltic Magma
B. Andesitic Magma B. crater
C. Rhyolitic Magma C. hot spot
D. none of above D. boundary
24. What type of volcano is Mt. Fuji in 30. Mixture of rock, mineral and glass parti-
Japan? cles expelled from a volcano during a vol-
canic eruption.
A. Caldera
A. Lava flow
B. Cinder Cone
B. Ash cloud
C. Magma chamber
D. Shield Volcano D. Central vent
25. When magma squeezes between layers of 31. What is the colour of the ash?
rock, it forms a
A. Grey
A. neck
B. Green
B. dike
C. Orange
C. lava plateau D. Yellow
D. dome mountain
32. Mt. St Helens is a and can have violet
26. Which is NOT a part of a Volcano eruptions.
A. Crater A. stratovolcano
B. Magma Reserve B. cinder cone volcano
C. Vent C. shield volcano
D. Magma Flow D. none of above
27. Which is not a physical property of magma 33. When magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe,
from an explosive eruption? the result will eventually be a landform
called a
A. thick and sticky
A. batholith
B. high viscosity
B. dike
C. flows easily C. volcanic neck
D. high in silica D. sill
28. Volcanic ash could damage these types of 34. There are two main types of volca-
travel noes:shield and
A. bikes A. dome.
B. cars B. auxiliary.
C. trucks C. synthetic.
D. planes D. composite.

1.17 volcanoes 350
35. Where is the largest abundance of US Vol- C. dormant

canoes located? D. active
A. Alaska
41. Land forms that is usually flat and its eas-
B. Hawaii
ier to build infrastructures is called:
C. California
A. Plateaus
D. Washington
B. Hill
NARAYAN CHANGDER
36. Over time, as a volcano continues to erupt, C. Plain
it will get
A. smaller
B. bigger 42. It refers to the eruptive and non-eruptive
activities that take place in a volcano.
C. hungry
A. glaciovolcanism
D. cold
B. volcanic eruption
37. What eruption was responsible for the
C. volcanic process
Year Without a Summer in 1815?
D. volcanology
A. Krakatoa
B. Eldfell 43. How can you classify a volcano that have
C. Tambora no recorded of eruption but have evidence
that erupted for thelast 10, 000 years?
D. Mt. Pelee
A. ACTIVE
38. The viscosity of magma depends on its B. INACTIVE
temperature and
C. OLD
A. silicon content
D. YOUNG
B. silica content
C. mineral makeup 44. The long tube in the ground that connects
the magma chamber to Earth’s surface is
D. magnetism
called the
39. Composite volcanoes are sometimes called A. Crater
B. Pipe
A. explosive volcanoes
C. Vent
B. steep volcanoes
D. Magma Chamber
C. stratovolcanoes
D. pyroclastic volcanoes 45. How thick something is or the ability of a
fluid or liquid to flow is its
40. Which of the following is NOT a term that
A. viscosity
scientists use to describe a volcano’s stage
of activity B. density
A. dead C. velocity
B. extinct D. flowability

1.17 volcanoes 351
46. Volcanoes most commonly are found by C. sulfur oxide

which plate boundary? D. carbon dioxide

A. Continental-continental
52. Which of the following is not one of the 6
B. Oceanic-atmospheric volcanic hazards we discussed?
C. Subduction zones A. Poison gas
D. In the middle of a tectonic plate. B. Lahar
47. Which volcano is a wide, gently sloping C. Pyroclastic flow
mountain formed by thin layers or lava D. Structural collapse
that pour out of a vent and harden on top
of previous layers? 53. Which statement describes convergent
A. cinder cone boundaries?
B. composite or stratovolcano A. Rifts form
C. shield B. subduction occurs
D. dome mountain C. plates push away from each other

D. mid-ocean ridges mark locations
48. Where is the largest volcano?
A. Africa 54. A volcano with a quiet eruption only.
B. Indonesia A. composite
C. Wyoming B. shield
D. Hawaii C. cinder cone

D. none of above
49. What is the active volcano area around the
Pacific Rim called? 55. A boundary on Earth’s crust where two
A. Ring Around the Rosey plates collide
B. The Lord of the Rings A. Subduction zone
C. The Ring of Fire B. Divergent boundary
D. THe Ring of Volcanoes C. Transform boundary

D. Indirect boundary
50. Magma is
A. molten rock above the earth’s surface 56. Mafic magma is in color.
A. lighter
B. molten rock in the ocean B. darker
C. molten rock beneath the earth’s sur- C. there is no difference-all magmas are
face the same.
51. What is the most abundant gas associated 57. When builds up, an explosion hap-
with volcanic activity? pens.
A. chlorine A. Magma
B. water vapor B. Lava

1.17 volcanoes 352
C. Air 63. The Hawaiian Islands are made up of

mostly volcanoes.
D. Pressure
A. shield
58. How many active volcanoes are there in B. composite
the Caribbean?
C. cinder cone
A. 20
D. magma
B. 10
NARAYAN CHANGDER
64. A volcano that hasn’t erupted in a long
C. 19 time.
D. 30 A. Dead
B. hot spots
59. What is the landform that forms when
rising magma, blocked by layers of rock, C. Ring of fire
forces the layers of rock to bend upward? D. Dormant
A. volcanic neck
65. The word “quake” means to
B. dike
A. shake
C. lava plateau B. pressure
D. dome mountain C. spin
60. Inside a volcano, magma collects in a D. plates

pocket or room called a 66. What is the resistance of a liquid, such as
A. pipe lava, to flow?
B. magma chamber A. Elasticity
C. caldera B. Pyroclasticity
C. Silica
D. vent
D. Viscosity
61. Most of the lava on Earth’s surface came
from 67. why is a shield volcano called a shield vol-
cano?
A. rifts
A. because its cool
B. shield volcanoes B. because its made of rock
C. cinder cone volcanes C. because it looks like warrior’s shield
D. composite volcanoes lying on the ground.
D. none of above
62. What is an extinct volcano?
68. An eruption that occurs when gas-rich
A. sleeping volcano
(high water content), pasty (high silica con-
B. cone volcano tent) lava accumulates to form a dome on
the volcano edifice or beneath its surface;
C. a dead volcano
consequently, the dome bursts with explo-
D. None of these sive violence.

1.17 volcanoes 353
A. Pelean 74. Which of the following is the shape of a

B. Phreatomagmatic volcanic island?

C. Vulcanian A. SHIELD
B. CINDER
D. Phreatic
C. CALDERA
69. A weak to violent eruption characterized
D. COMPOSITE
by lava fountains and outbursts of molten
lava. 75. At what type of boundary would you likely
A. Plinian find a composite cone?
B. Strombolian A. Divergent
C. Vulcanian B. Convergent
D. Phreatic C. Transform
D. Hotspot
70. A major belt of volcanoes that rim the Pa-
cific Ocean. 76. Volcanoes are found along:
A. Mid-ocean ridge A. convergent plate boundaries.
B. Caldera ring B. divergent plate boundaries.
C. Tectonic line C. Both A and B
D. Ring of Fire D. None of the above
71. The smallest lava fragments produced by 77. Which of the following terms are used to
an explosive eruption describe a volcano that may erupt at any
time?
A. Ash
A. Dormant volcano
B. Cinders
B. Active volcano
C. Bombs
C. Extinct volcano
D. none of above
D. Shield volcano
72. It refers to volcanoes that have not 78. Because the ash was in the air what could
erupted for at least 10 000 years and are not fly?
not expected to erupt again in the future.
A. birds
A. Active
B. balloons
B. Potentially active
C. airplanes
C. Inactive
D. kites
D. Volcanic island
79. Which is the least dangerous volcanic haz-
73. The most common type of volcano is a ard?
A. shield A. Lava
B. cinder cone B. Pyroclastic flow
C. composite C. Lahar
D. all volcanoes are most common D. Tsunami

1.17 volcanoes 354
80. A mixture of hot ash, lava, rock and gases C. plates

pouring down the side of a volcano D. lava
A. Pyroclastic
86. A line of volcanic activity that surrounds
B. Lava the Pacific Ocean basin is the
C. Minerals A. Ring of Fire
D. lahar
B. Aleutian Islands
NARAYAN CHANGDER
81. Which type of lava cools while it flows C. Hawaiian Islands
forming ropy texture?
D. Caribbean Islands
A. Aa
87. Considered the most explosive and power-
B. Pahoehoe
ful of all eruptions.
C. Pillow
A. Hawaiian
D. Pyroclastic
B. Strombolian
82. A volcano that is erupting or has shown C. Vulcanian
signs that it may erupt in the future is
D. Plinian
called
A. dormant 88. Cinder Cone volcanoes have
B. sleeping A. gently sloping sides
C. extinct B. pyroclastic material forming steep
slopes
D. active
C. large, inward craters
83. The opening through which molten rock
and gas leave a volcano. D. constant extreme eruptions
A. pipe 89. The smooth surfaces on Earth’s moon that

B. crater are visible from Earth are
C. vent A. oceans
D. aa B. craters where meteors smashed into

the moon
84. Weathering and erosion occur over many C. areas where lava flowed more than
three billion years ago
A. days D. mountain ranges
B. years
90. The Ring of Fire is
C. hours
A. has a few active volcanoes
D. months
B. has the same number of earthquakes
85. The Earth’s crust is broken into pieces every year
called C. is just a song
A. glass D. an area full of tectonic plate bound-
B. rocks aries

1.17 volcanoes 355
91. Why do volcanoes swell? Because B. Converging Boundaries

A. air builds up inside it C. Hot Spots

B. there is too much rain D. All the above
C. magma pushes up inside it
97. What kind of lava rock forms under wa-
D. lava shoots out and falls back inside
ter?
92. Liquid magma flows upward through A. blocky lava
cracks in rock because it is
B. pillow lava
A. high in viscosity
C. aa lava
B. less dense than the surrounding solid
material D. none of above
C. a liquid
98. The author wants your help in creating a
D. more dense than the surrounding solid heading for paragraph 6. Which heading
material would BEST fit paragraph 6?
93. This volcano is small and usually erupts A. Experiments with Volcanoes
over a short time B. The Land Effects of Eruptions
A. composite
C. The Weather Effects of Eruptions
B. cinder cone
D. The Parts of the Volcano
C. shield
D. none of above 99. The volcanoes on the Hawaiian Islands
form due to which of the following?
94. What might happen if a major volcanic
eruption occurred every year? A. Divergent Boundary
A. Global temperatures might rise by sev- B. Hot Spot

eral degrees. C. Subduction Boundary
B. The earth’s crust might be depleted of D. Transform Boundary
rocks.
C. Global temperatures might cool by sev- 100. Volcanoes are formed because of
eral degrees. A. Pangea
D. Nothing out of the ordinary.
B. Continental Drift
95. Where can we locate Mt. Patoc? C. Plate Tectonics
A. Kalinga D. Transform Plates
B. Apayao
101. Erosion is caused by
C. Benguet
D. Mt.Province A. The wind
B. The sun
96. An active volcanic area on earth is found
at C. cold air
A. Diverging Boundaries D. the stars

1.17 volcanoes 356
102. What are risks associated with volca- B. molt

noes? C. crater
A. Lava can bury, crush, cover, and burn D. shield
everything in its path.
108. How are volcanoes related to lahar?
B. It can cause floods and lahars.
A. There is a mudslide in the middle of a
C. neither
volcano
D. 1 and 2
B. Lahars are a hot or cold mixture of wa-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
103. Describes a volcano that is not currently ter and rocks that flow down the slope of
active, but that may become active in the a volcano.
future. C. When a volcano explodes it creates a
A. extince mudslide
B. hibernation D. none of above
C. dormant 109. What is an example of a natural disas-

ter?
D. sleeping
A. A Volcano
104. Hotspots are found
B. A light breeze
A. at divergent boundaries
C. Rain
B. at convergent boundaries D. A traffic accident
C. at transform boundaries
110. Which area is not known for having vol-
D. in the middle of a plate canoes?
105. Which type of volcano is built by alternat- A. Mid-Ocean Ridges
ing layers of lava flows and ash flows? It B. Where Plates Subduct
can be very explosive.
C. Transform Boundaries
A. Cinder COne
D. Diverging Boundaries
B. Composite
111. Hot liquid rock under the Earth’s surface
C. Lava Dome
is known as
D. Shield A. lava
106. They are small, usually less than 300 m B. solar
high, and are formed near or inside large C. magma
volcanoes.
D. ash
A. Strato Volcanoes
112. What is / are sign(s) that a volcano may
B. Shield Volcanoes
erupt soon?
C. Composite cone volcanoes
A. Earthquake activity in the area
D. Cinder Cone volcanoes
B. Changes in the shape of the volcano
107. What is magma called when it reaches C. Different amounts of gas being pro-
Earth’s surface? duced
A. lava D. All of these are signs

1.17 volcanoes 357
113. Which of the following is NOT one of the 119. Which phrase best describes a lava
three types of fragments that lava is bro- plateau?
ken into during an explosive eruption? A. steep-sided mountain

A. cinders B. gently sloping mountain
B. slabs C. hardened magma in a pipe
C. volcanic ash D. volcanic material in valleys
D. bombs
120. What force is responsible for erosion and
114. What kind of magma produces violent deposition in landslides?
volcanic eruptions? A. gravity
A. Magma low in silica B. ice
B. Magma that is fluid, and runny C. wind
C. Magma that is high in gas content D. temperature
D. Magma rich in iron 121. A type of eruption where magma flows
115. What are volcanoes? easily, thin runny lava oozes quietly from
the vent
A. A mountain or hill that shoots lava
A. Quiet eruption
B. A very Angry Person
B. Explosive eruption
C. Lava
C. Rock eruption
D. none of above
D. Vent
116. What is it called when large amounts of
122. Which of the following volcano hazards is
water covers land that is usually dry?
made up of rocky particles about the size
A. Flood of a grain of sand?
B. Volcanic Eruption A. volcanic bombs
C. Earthquake B. pahoehoe
D. Landslides C. volcanic cinders
117. Which of the following terms describes a D. volcanic ash
volcanic ‘flow’ 123. Which type of lava flow has angular,
A. nuee ardente sharp pieces?
B. lapilli A. Pahoehoe
C. ash B. Aa
D. cinder C. Cool
D. Glass
118. Which of these is an example of a con-
structive and destructive force? 124. Hot fast moving lava
A. Erosion A. Pahoehoe
B. Deposition B. AA
C. Flood C. ZZ
D. Earthquakes D. Magma

1.17 volcanoes 358
125. A volcano with mafic and felsic lava. 131. What is the point on the Earth’s surface
A. composite that lies directly above the site where an
earthquake occurred?
B. shield
A. epicenter
C. cinder cone
B. focus
D. none of above
C. fault line
126. if something explodes, it
D. seismic wave
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. goes away
132. What is a huge hole left behind When
B. blows up
a volcano has an enormous eruption and
C. flattens out empties the magma chamber and the main
D. grows bigger vent. The volcano becomes hollow and col-
lapses leaving this hole behind
127. Volcanoes that are not currently erupting
A. Central vent
but may erupt in the future can be consid-
ered B. Caldera
A. Active volcanoes C. Side vent
B. Dormant volcanoes D. Magma
C. Extinct volcanoes 133. Why are hot springs hot?
D. none of above
A. The ground water gets heated by
128. A volcanic eruption can be either nearby magma.
A. explosive or gentle B. They just are

B. explosive or violent C. The water is warmed by solar energy
C. explosive or smooth D. The ground water comes to the sur-
face and warms up the closer it gets.
D. explosive or a geyser
134. The hot ash, gas and rock that races
129. Volcanoes are made at plate bound-
down the side of a volcano is known as
aries and at hot spots
A. Convergent
A. Tephra
B. Divergent
B. Pyroclastic flow
C. Transform
C. Lava Dome
D. Convergent & Divergent
D. Lava Plateau
130. is magma one of the main substance nec-
essary for eruptions 135. This area is considered an island arc.
A. true A. United States
B. false B. Hawaii
C. both C. China
D. none D. Japan

1.17 volcanoes 359
136. Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which lay- C. mudslide

ers of lava alternate with layers of ash D. none of above

A. Cinder Cone volcano
142. When rock underground suddenly breaks
B. Shield volcano along a transform plate boundary due to
C. Composite volcano extreme pressure that has built up, a re-
lease of energy occurs resulting in what
D. Caldera
type of geologic activity?
137. A bowl shaped area that may form at the A. earthquakes
top of a volcano around the central vent B. mountain range formation
A. crater C. sea-floor spreading
B. vent D. volcanoes
C. tube
143. A Boundary occurs at a mid-ocean
D. leftovers ridge as the ocean floor pulls apart.
138. These are chains of volcanoes formed by A. Divergent
subducting plates. B. Convergent
A. Ring of fire C. Transform
B. Volcanic arc D. none of above
C. Hotspot 144. Oh baby, there ain’t no high enough,
D. Volcanic island / Ain’t no low enough, / Ain’t no
wide enough / To keep me from getting to
139. What is part of the volcano is a long tube you babe
in the ground that connects the magma
A. tower, gutter, river
chamber to the surface
B. volcano, valley, stream
A. vent
C. mountain, valley, river
B. lava flow
D. none of above
C. crater
145. What is liquid rock that spills on to the
D. pipe
Earth’s surface?
140. What do you call the opening or vent in A. core
a volcano?
B. lava
A. vent C. magma
B. crater D. volcano
C. magma reserve
146. Where are the earths volcanoes lo-
D. none of the above cated?
141. Rocks tumbling down a steep slope A. In only warm places
would be an example of B. along the pacific ocean
A. creep C. around the ring of fire
B. landslide D. none of above

1.17 volcanoes 360
147. What kind of volcano is made of alternat- 153. Which phrase best describes a volcano
ing layers of lava and tephra? (also called that is not expected to erupt again?
strata volcano) A. quiet volcano
A. shield B. extinct volcano
B. composite C. dormant volcano
C. cinder D. explosive volcano
D. none of above
154. What is the opening in Earth’s crust
NARAYAN CHANGDER
148. An area of earthquake and volcanic activ- through which molten rock, gases, and ash
ity that surrounds the Pacific ocean. erupt?
A. Ring of Fire A. Divergent Boundary
B. Circle of Life B. Magma
C. Circle of Fire C. Subduction Boundary
D. Ring of Danger D. Volcano
149. Liquid magma that reaches the surface 155. Describes a volcano that is no longer ac-
hardens into surface rock. tive and ;is unlikely to ever erupt!
A. magma A. extinct
B. basalt B. dormant
C. sill
C. lava
D. batholith
D. igneous
156. What is the term for a fluid’s tendency to
150. Volcanoes swell when
resist flow?
A. too many people climb the mountain.
A. Movement
B. there is too much rain. B. Silica
C. air builds up inside it. C. Pressure
D. magma pushes up inside it. D. Viscosity
151. Which volcano from the choice below 157. Who was unfairly blamed for the Year
erupts everyday? Without a Summer?
A. Shield volcanoes A. George Washington
B. Cinder Cone volcanoes B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Composite Volcanoes C. Benjamin Franklin
D. Machu Picchu D. Alexander Hamilton
152. What stage is a volcano in when it is con- 158. Paricutin in Mexico is a that can pro-
sidered to be “sleeping”? duce small, short explosive eruptions.
A. Dormant A. Stratovolcano
B. Active B. Cinder Cone Volcano
C. Extinct C. Shield Volcano
D. Alive D. none of above

1.17 volcanoes 361
159. Which phrase describes a sill? 165. What is a dent or depression called on a
A. fills in valleys and rivers volcano?
A. side vent

B. is a hardened magma intrusion
C. cuts vertically though older rock layers B. bump
C. dent
D. is built up by numerous eruptions over D. crater
thousands of years
166. A volcano made from alternating layers
160. A bowl-shaped area that forms around a of ash and lava is called a(n) volcano
volcano’s central opening. A. composite
A. vent B. cinder cone
B. pipe C. shield
C. aa D. fissure
D. crater 167. Which region does NOT have a lot of vol-
161. Volcanoes can form along canic activity?
A. islands in the Pacific Ocean A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. North American mountain ranges B. Ring of Fire

C. Hotspots
C. the boundaries of Earth’s plates
D. San Andreas Fault
D. the coast of Antarctica
168. The red substance that goes out of the
162. All the volcanoes of Hawaiian islands are
crater and flows the volcano is called
example of this type of volcano.
A. ASH
A. Caldera
B. MAGMA
B. Lava plateau
C. LAVA
C. Shield
D. none of above
D. Stratovolcano
169. When many layers of thin, runny lava
163. Which event causes a volcanic eruption? build up a high, level area, the result is
A. magma turning into lava a
B. water being heated by magma A. lava plateau
C. explosions occurring in magma cham- B. shield volcano
bers C. cinder cone volcano
D. magma cutting through older rocks D. composite volcano
164. what is the name of the hot liquid that 170. Which part of a volcano does magma spill
erupts from the volcano? out of?
A. lava A. base
B. water B. crater
C. fire C. shield
D. gas D. mantle

1.17 volcanoes 362
171. Magma that forces itself vertically 176. Molten rock inside the Earth’s crust
through rock layers forms what when A. lithosphere
cooled?
B. magma
A. Sill
C. lava
B. Dike
D. ring of fire
C. Batholith
177. An explosive eruption will happen when
D. Dome Mountain
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the magma is high in what?
172. Which sentence from the text best ex- A. silica
plains how a volcanic eruption can affect
B. water
earth?
C. lava
A. Volcanoes are found all over the world.
D. rocks
B. The vent is a crack in Earth’s surface. 178. A weak spot in the crust where molten
C. Hot, liquid rock makes different gases. material, or magma comes to the surface
A. lava
D. Snow fell and lakes froze, even in B. volcano
June!
C. earthquake
173. These eruptions clouds can reach the D. tsunami
stratosphere.
179. Composite volcanoes are also called
A. Hawaiian eruptions
A. stratosphere
B. Plinian eruptions
B. stratovolcanoes
C. Surtseyan eruptions
C. stratigraphy
D. Strombolian eruptions
D. none of above
174. What is the name of a scientist who stud-
180. Where the Mount Tambora volcano is lo-
ies volcanoes?
cated?
A. Vulcan A. Indonesia
B. Scientist B. Russia
C. Volcano Specialist C. China
D. Volcanologist D. Japan
175. What other geological event sometimes 181. A plate boundary where the plates di-
occurs in the same area as a volcano? vide
A. tornado A. Indirect boundary
B. flood B. Transform boundary
C. earthquake C. Convergent boundary
D. whirlwinds D. Divergent boundary

1.17 volcanoes 363
182. volcanoes are usually steep sided. C. acid rain

They are formed from layers of ash and D. volcanic ash
lava.

A. Shield 188. Lakes that form near volcanoes consid-
ered to be
B. Cone
A. Craters
C. Dormant
B. Conduits
D. Extinct
C. Vents
183. A live volcano
D. Calderas
A. Dormant volcano
B. Active volcano 189. Hawaii’s Mauna Kea is an example of a
C. Extinct volcano
A. shield volcano
D. Shield volcano
B. cinder cone volcano
184. A sleeping volcano is called what?
C. composite volcano
A. active
D. pahoehoe volcano
B. dormant
C. extinct 190. What is it called when rocks are broken
down into smaller pieces?
D. none of above
A. Weathering
185. What is a determining factor in which B. Erosion
type of eruption will occur?
C. Deposition
A. the chemistry of the magma
D. Volcanic Eruptions
B. the size of the mountain
C. the climate around the volcano 191. Batu Tara Volcano in Indonesia in erupts
in 1998 this volcanic eruption is an exam-
D. the number of people living near the
ple of?
volcano
A. Pelean
186. What are the most explosive types of
volcanoes? B. Plinian
A. Shield C. Vulcanian
B. Composite D. Phreatic
C. Cinder Cone 192. Hot rock deep in the Earth expands and
D. none of above is forced out of the opening of a volcano.
As the rock cools it may form which of the
187. Which of the following factors associated following?
with huge volcanic eruptions may cause
A. Mountains
the decrease in the Earth’s average tem-
perature for a few years? B. Glaciers
A. heat C. Rivers
B. light D. Sandstone arches

1.17 volcanoes 364
193. If we said that lava flowed at the same 199. A volcano belt that rims the Pacific Ocean
rate as a milkshake, we would say that it A. Belt of Fire
has what type of viscosity?
B. Ring of Fire
A. high
C. Hat of Fire
B. low
D. Earthquake of Fire
C. no
D. hot 200. A huge hole left behind when a volcano
collapses is a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
194. Divergent means to A. sill
A. Pull apart B. caldera
B. Come together C. vent
C. Slide past D. crater
D. none of above
201. The pocket beneath a volcano where
195. Magma is made up of from the man- magma collects?
tle mixed with hot gas. A. vent
A. lava B. caldera
B. plasma C. magma chamber
C. hot water D. pipe
D. molten rock
202. lava is
196. A cinder cone volcano A. molten rock above the earth’s surface
A. is built from layers of lava and volcanic
ash. B. molten rock below the earth’s surface
B. consists primarily of cinders and vol-
canic rock. C. molten rock in the center of the earth
C. composed almost entirely of thin lava. D. none of above
D. none of above
203. This type of volcano has MOSTLY NON-
197. Which of the following is NOT a type of EXPLOSIVE eruptions
volcano? A. composite
A. Pahoehoe B. cinder cone
B. Shield C. shield
C. Cinder Cone D. none of above
D. Composite
204. When is a volcano considered extinct?
198. Lava has what type of properties? A. When it is cut off from its magma sup-
A. runny ply
B. soft B. When it is cut off from its lava supply
C. a solid C. When it doesn’t have lava flowing
D. yellow D. All of the above

1.17 volcanoes 365
205. Energy derived from water that has been 211. What kind of pyroclastic debris makes up
heated by magma underground is small pebbles?

A. geothermal energy A. Lapilli
B. solar energy B. blocky lava
C. nuclear energy C. ash
D. hydroelectric energy D. none of above
206. Where would you probably see some- 212. When the top of a volcano caves in on
thing steep? itself it forms a ?
A. in a field A. Caldera
B. in the ocean B. Volcanic neck
C. in the mountains C. Batholith
D. in the sky D. Lava lake
213. When lava cools and hardens, it forms

207. Shield volcanoes have
which type of rock?
A. pyroclastic material
A. Igneous
B. gently sloping sides
B. Sedimentary
C. high, wide, steep sides C. Metamorphic
D. clusters D. The kid of rock depends on the type of
208. The Hawaiian Island volcanoes were volcano
formed by a 214. What type of volcano is built almost en-
A. hot spot. tirely from ejected lava fragments?
B. fault line. A. cinder cone
C. meteor. B. composite cone
D. crater. C. shield volcano
D. pahoehoe volcano
209. what is an extinct volcano
A. A volcano that will erupt again 215. About how many volcanoes erupt each
year?
B. a volcano that will never erupt again
A. 50-60
C. a volcano that can maybe erupt again
B. 40-50
D. none of above
C. 20-30
210. Warning signs that a volcano is about to D. 30-40
erupt include all of the following EXCEPT
216. Which statement about dormant volca-
A. Earthquakes
noes must be true?
B. Ground bulges A. They can never erupt again.
C. A rise in temperature B. They have not erupted for a very long
D. Heavy rain time.

1.17 volcanoes 366
C. They will erupt within the next 12 222. This is the most common type of volcano
months. A. composite
D. They were formerly stratovolcanoes. B. cinder cone
217. Which of the following is a major chal- C. shield

lenge to volcano preparedness? D. none of above
A. Volcanoes are located far from inhab- 223. How long can the finest ash particles
ited areas. from a volcanic eruption remain in the at-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Eruptions are unpredictable. mosphere?
A. between hours and days
C. Flowing lava is impossible to outrun.
B. between days and weeks
D. Disaster kits are not useful in the
event of an eruption. C. between weeks and months
D. between months and years
218. Which of the following helps to deter-
mine how easily magma flows? 224. Which type of volcano if found in the
Hawaiian Islands with thick flowing, slow
A. the amount of silica in the magma moving lava? This is the most common
B. the diameter of the pipe type of volcano on earth.
C. the size of the crater A. Cinder Cone
D. the number of vents on the volcano B. Composite
C. Lava Dome
219. Which of the following is an active vol-
D. Shield
cano in the Philippines?
225. Where is the largest Supervolcano in
A. Mt. Patoc
North America?
B. Mt. Santo Tomas
A. beneath Mt St Helens
C. Mt. Binuluan B. in the Appalachian Mountians
D. Mt. Urot C. beneath Yellowstone
220. What does a volcano do? D. beneath the Catskills Mountains
A. erupt 226. Which is NOT a type of volcano?

B. laugh A. Shield Volcano
B. Composite Volcano
C. blow up
C. Pahoehoe Volcano
D. shrink
D. Cinder Cone
221. A dead volcano, one that is unlikely to
227. Occurs when magma is ejected to the
erupt again
vent:
A. Dormant volcano A. Earthquake
B. Extinct volcano B. Eruption
C. Shield volcano C. Lava flow
D. Caldera D. None of the above

1.17 volcanoes 367
228. This type of eruption has an explosive C. Composite volcano

ejection with water interaction.
D. Earthquake

A. Phreatic eruption
B. Plinian eruption 234. Volcanoes that have not erupted for at
least 10, 000 years are described as
C. Surtseyan eruption
A. Sleeping
D. Hawaiian eruption
B. Dormant
229. Which factor does not affect the explo-
C. Active
sivness of an eruption?
D. Extinct
A. Amount of water vapor
B. Type of magma 235. What are the mountains that form as
C. Amount of gasses blocks of rock move up or down along nor-
mal faults.
D. Size of the volcano
A. Folded Mountains
230. Opening in the side of a volcano through
B. Fault-Block Mountains
which volcanic materials erupts.
C. Shield Mountains
A. Side vent
B. Pipe D. Mole-hill Mountain
C. Magma Chamber 236. A hot, fast moving type of lava that hard-
D. Central vent ens to form smooth, rope-like coils!
A. aa
231. A fluid’s thickness and resistance to flow
is called B. pahoehoe
A. Viscosity C. silica
B. Consistency D. magma
C. Thickness
237. Where is the area of the Ring of Fire lo-
D. Magma cated?
232. What level of a house do you go to if A. Indian Ocean
there is a volcano? B. Arctic Sea
A. upstairs
C. Atlantic Ocean
B. main level
D. Pacific Ocean
C. basement
D. doesn’t madder 238. Which of the following is NOT a product
of volcanic eruption?
233. Which type of volcano has a steep cone- A. lava flow
shaped hill or mountain made with only py-
roclastic flow? B. Volcanic Gas
A. Cinder cone volcano C. Magma
B. Shield volcano D. None of the above

1.17 volcanoes 368
239. What do scientist study to determine the 245. Molten material that reaches the sur-
possibility of a future volcanic eruption? face.
A. how old it is A. Earthquake
B. history of its past eruptions B. Tsunami
C. how tall it is C. Magma
D. none of above D. Lava
240. What does not come out of volcanos?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
246. Mount St. Helens is a volcano that
A. ash erupted with great force in 1980. Which
phrase best describes this eruption?
B. lava
C. rock A. quiet eruption
D. chocolate B. gentle lava flow

C. magma low in silica
241. Which of the following gases is not typi-
cally found in volcanic activity? D. high viscosity magma
A. water vapor 247. Why do volcanoes form at convergent
B. sulfur boundaries?
C. carbon dioxide A. Pressure is released making the melt-
ing point of the mantle rock lower.
D. argon
B. Water lowers the melting point of the
242. Magma that forces across rock layers mantle rock
hardens into a
C. The temperature of the rock is in-
A. sill creased.
B. volcanic neck D. Pressure on the mantle rock is in-
C. dike creased.
D. batholith 248. Where two plates converge, one sinks be-
243. What is a hazard from an explosive erup- low the other. Most land volcanoes occur
tion? near here.
A. Pyroclastic flow A. boundary line
B. Ash cloud B. fault
C. Volcanic bombs C. Convection current
D. All of these options D. Subduction zone
244. A shield volcano 249. What is it called when magma erupts out
of the top of the mountain and lava flows
A. is built from layers of lava and volcanic
down the side?
ash.
B. consists primarily of cinders and vol- A. Volcanic Eruptions
canic rock. B. Earthquakes
C. composed almost entirely of thin lava. C. Floods
D. none of above D. Weathering

1.17 volcanoes 369
250. Mauna Loa erupted how many times 256. This region contains 75% of planet’s vol-
since 1832? canoes:

A. 39 A. Ring of Fire
B. 42
B. Iceland
C. 49
C. South America
D. 57
D. Bermuda Triangle
251. Taal volcano erupted in the year 1965
due to contact of water and magma. How 257. What kind of volcano is made of alternat-
can this volcanic eruption be classified? ing layers of lava and tephra? (also called
A. Phreatic a composite volcano)
B. Vulcanian A. composing
C. Strombolian B. stratovolcano
D. Phreatomagmatic
C. cinder
252. What is the definition of dormant?
D. shield
A. sleeping
B. extinct 258. Which of the following describes a vol-
cano?
C. active
D. invisible A. Volcano is a cone shape.
253. This may result in the formation of B. Volcano produces lava during volcanic
caldera or volcano-tectonic depressions. eruption.
A. Strombolian C. Volcano is a mountain.
B. Plinian D. All of the above.
C. Vulcanian
259. What are places in the interior of plates
D. Phreatic
where volcanoes occur?
254. a volcano erupts quietly if its magma is
A. effusive zones
which of the following
A. cool B. fault lines
B. solid C. hot spots

C. low in silica D. national parks
D. high in silica
260. The higher the viscosity of a fluid, the
255. The composition of magma determines its it flows.
A. faster
A. viscosity
B. slower
B. darkness
C. color C. higher
D. none of the above D. slicker

1.17 volcanoes 370
261. How many kinds of eruptions do they C. Extinct volcano

have?
D. Dormant volcano
A. 1
B. 2 267. Some volcanoes in the Ring of Fire were
formed near
C. 3
A. hot spots.
D. 4
B. subduction zones.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
262. Geologists hypothesize that hot spots
form above a rising current of hot mantle C. divergent boundaries.
materials, called a D. normal faults.
A. hot spot
268. Large projectiles thrown through the air
B. plate boundary during an eruption are called
C. mantle plume
A. Volcanic bombs
D. volcanic ash
B. Hot Spot
263. Most volcanoes are located C. Lava
A. in the middle of the United States D. Magma chamber
B. at the edges of the tectonic plates
C. on Mars 269. What can be created by a volcano?
D. none of above A. a book

B. a tiger
264. What type of boundary would you likely
find a stratovolcano? C. an island
A. Divergent D. a person
B. Convergent
270. The loudest sound in recorded history oc-
C. Transform curred from
D. Hotspot A. the eruption of the Indonesian Kraka-
265. Besides Earth, what are two other bodies toa volcano.
in the solar system where volcanic erup- B. the 1968 Great Alaskan Earthquake.
tions have been observed?
C. the Fukushima tsunami.
A. Io, a moon of Jupiter, and Triton, a
moon of Neptune D. the Grateful Dead Wall of Sound.
B. Mars and Venus 271. Which natural processes are both con-
C. Earth’s moon and Venus structive and destructive?
D. Saturn and Uranus A. Earthquakes and floods
266. A sleeping volcano B. Erosion and landslides

A. Composite volcano C. Floods, volcanic eruptions, landslides
B. Active volcano D. Weathering and flooding

1.17 volcanoes 371
272. Which statement would the author of B. Mayon

“The Strange Power of Volcanoes” MOST
C. Mariveles
agree with?

D. Musuan
A. Volcanoes are very scary.
B. Volcano safety is important. 278. Cinder Cone volcanoes are formed from
C. Volcanoes erupt too often.
D. Volcanoes are very powerful. A. nonexplosive eruptions
B. both nonexplosive and explosive erup-
273. If geologists detect many small earth-
tions
quakes in an area near a volcano, what
can they infer about the volcano? C. have never erupted
A. It is dormant D. moderately explosive eruptions
B. It is probably about to erupt
279. What type of volcano is Kilauea, which is
C. It is extinct made from lava flows?
D. It is a good source of geothermal en- A. Caldera
ergy
B. Cinder Cone
274. Which theory helped scientists under-
stand how and where volcanoes erupt?
D. Shield Volcano
A. Theory of Plate Tectonics
B. Theory of Relativity 280. Which paragraph best supports the dia-
C. Theory of the Rock Cycle gram in the text?
D. Big Bang Theory A. Paragraph 1

B. Paragraph 3
275. Which part of the volcano is considered
the side of the volcano C. Paragraph 4
A. Flank D. Paragraph 6
B. Vent
281. Mayon Volcano is an example of?
C. Crater
A. Composite cone volcanoes
D. none of above
B. Cinder cone volcanoes
276. This type of volcano, tend to be cone
C. Shield volcanoes
shaped and tall.
D. Strato volcanoes
A. Shield volcano
B. Cinder cone volcano 282. Magma that hardens in a volcano’s pipe
C. Composite volcano create a
D. Caldera volcano A. Sill

B. Dike
277. Which of the following is NOT an active
volcano? C. Volcanic neck
A. Makaturing D. Batholith

1.17 volcanoes 372
283. A volcano that has not erupted in a very B. It contains very little silica.
long time suddenly has a plume of steam
C. It is denser than the surrounding ma-
coming from it. Which best describes this
terial.
volcano?
D. It is less dense than the surrounding
A. was dormant and is now active
material.
B. was quiet and is now active
C. was extinct and is now explosive 289. Which type of lava erupts from shield vol-
canoes?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. was dormant and is now explosive
A. andesitic
284. Which statement explains what happens
B. basaltic
as magma rises inside a volcano?
C. granitic
A. gases will contract in the chamber
B. the pressure of the gas will disappear D. rhyolitic
290. Which eruption was responsible for the

C. the magmatic pressure decreases “loudest sound ever heard? ”
D. magma moves to other chambers A. Tambora
285. What is a destructive force? B. Eldfell
A. A natural process that destroys land C. Krakatoa
B. A natural process that creates land D. Vesuvius
C. A natural process where areas that
are normally dry is covered in water 291. Vocanoes are found
D. none of above A. on land

B. under water
286. What is the smallest and most deadly py-
roclastic? C. on islands
A. Ash D. all of the above
B. Lapilli
292. Ring of Fire Volcanoes have
C. Lava Block
A. Blocky lava
D. Lava Bomb
B. Sea water trapped inside
287. What type of volcano is composed of lay-
C. Huge, violent eruptions
ers of cinders and pyroclastics?
D. All of the above
A. Shield
B. Stratovolcano 293. What is molten rock that has reached the
C. Cinder Cone Earth’s surface?
D. none of above A. Aa
B. Lava
288. Why does magma tend to rise to the sur-
face? C. Magma
A. It has large amounts of silica. D. Pahoehoe

1.17 volcanoes 373
294. What do we call molten hot liquid rock C. Ocean ring

once it erupts to the Earth’s surface? D. Ring of Pacific Fire

A. Magma
300. Where are volcanoes most likely to
B. Igneous form?
C. Cinder A. along plate boundaries
D. Lava B. near the center of continents
295. a series of earthquakes are called an C. near water
earthquake D. on the moon
A. flume
301. Volcanoes are common along
B. swarm
A. convergent plate boundaries.
C. explosion B. divergent plate boundaries.
D. event C. transform plate boundaries.
296. As the temperature of lava increases, D. two of the above
302. When magma flows out of the volcano it

A. its viscosity decreases is called
B. it begins to harden A. air
C. its viscosity increases B. water
D. it can flow a much shorter distance C. egg shells
297. Which of the following factors helps de- D. lava
termine whether a volcanic eruption will
303. Volcanoes that are made of basalt lava
be violent or relatively quiet?
flows are called
A. amount of dissolved gases A. shield volcanoes
B. temperature of the magma B. composite volcanoes
C. amount of silica in the magma C. stratovolcanoes
D. all of the above D. cone volcanoes
298. Which word identifies one stage of vol- 304. Where is the Ring of Fire located?
canic activity?
A. Atlantic Plate
A. dormant
B. Pacific Plate
B. explosive
C. Japanese Plate
C. underground
D. North American Plate
D. quiet
305. Positive effects of Volcanic eruption:
299. The major ring of volcanoes that circles A. can provide opportunities for generat-
the Pacific Ocean is called thep ing geothermal energy.
A. volcanic belt of Pacific volcanoes B. Provide valuable nutrients for the soil.
B. Ring of Fire

1.17 volcanoes 374
C. Provide dramatic scenery 311. A plate moving over a stationary pool of

D. None of the above magma
A. Volcano
306. During a volcanic eruption, what covers
B. Lava
the ground?
C. Island Chain
A. lava
D. Hot spot
B. magma
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. fire 312. Which of these volcanic particulates is the
largest in size?
D. ash
A. Block
307. Mauna Loa in Hawaii is a flat shield- B. Ash
shaped volcano that was formed by C. Bomb
A. runny lava. D. Lapilli
B. a cloud.
313. A is the name of the hole at the top
C. rock piles. of the volcano’s vent
D. clay. A. CRATER
308. What is a hot spot? B. CHAMBER
A. An area in the interior of a plate where C. FLOW

hot magma escapes Earth’s crust. D. none of above
B. An area where you can get wireless in- 314. What provides the force that causes
ternet. magma to erupt to the surface?
C. A place on your skin that burns. A. the silica in the magma
D. A popular place to hang out. B. dissolved gases trapped in the magma
309. What do earthquakes, volcanoes, and

mountain building have in common? C. gravity in the lithosphere
D. the density of the magma
A. They occur suddenly.
B. They are measured by seismographs. 315. What is Earth’s crust broken into?
C. They result from plate motion. A. egg shells
D. They cause major disasters. B. plates
C. dishes
310. Which of the following terms best de-
D. shields
scribes a volcano that is dead and unlikely
to erupt again? 316. Composite Volcanoes have
A. Dormant volcano A. explosive and nonexplosive eruptions
B. Extinct volcano B. no eruptions
C. Shield volcano C. broad, short sides
D. Caldera D. explosive eruptions

1.17 volcanoes 375
317. Mitigation includes all of the following B. Iceland

EXCEPT
C. Pangea

A. Equipment to clear debris
D. Ocean ridges
B. Public education
C. Land zoning 323. How does a volcano form?
D. Collecting historical data A. ice from glaciers build up

B. rocks build up around a mountain
318. An eruption resulting from the release
of large quantities of accumulated mag- C. lava pushes up through an existing
matic gas, which lifts fine ash with great mountain
force high into the air, forming voluminous D. a lot of lava flows out at one spot and
cauliflower clouds. forms a mountain
A. Pelean
324. A molten mixture of rock-forming sub-
B. Phreatomagmatic
stances, gases, and water from the man-
C. Vulcanian tle
D. Phreatic A. Magma
319. The eruptions on Neptune’s moon Triton B. Lava
involve
C. Minerals
A. molten lava similar to Earth’s volca-
D. Rocks
noes
B. sulfur 325. An opening in Earth’s crust
C. liquid nitrogen A. Volcano
D. salt water B. Lava
320. What is a mountain through which molten C. Island Chain
lava and gases erupt called? D. Hot Spot
A. volcano
326. Volcanoes that have recently erupted are
B. mountain
known as:
C. Ring of Fire Mountain
A. Extinct Volcano
D. continental drift
B. Dormant Volcano
321. Which volcano is the LEAST explosive?
C. Active Volcano
A. Shield
D. What’s a volcano?
B. Cinder Cone
C. Composite 327. Where did the volcano erupt?
D. Machu Picchu A. United States

B. Iceland
322. Hot spots result in the formation of
what? C. Swtizerland
A. The Hawaiian Islands D. Africa

1.17 volcanoes 376
328. What is it called when vibrations on C. Fire Fountain

Earth’s surface cause a break in Earth’s D. Composite
surface?
A. Earthquakes 334. A steep cone-shaped hill or mountain
B. Landslides A. Cinder cone volcano
C. Volcanic Eruptions B. Shield volcano
D. Floods C. Composite volcano
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Earthquake
329. When lava cools it becomes a what?
335. Which of the following analogyis correct
A. Magma
about volcanic eruptions and its cause?
B. volcano
A. phreatic:hot rock andmagma
C. solid
B. phreatomagmatic:magmaand water
D. none of above
C. phreatic:hot rock andpressure
330. What type of boundary is associated D. phreatomagmatic:pressure and water
with the Ring of Fire?
336. Volcanoes are classified in several ways.
A. Convergent Based on their record of eruption, how are
B. Divergent they classified?
C. Transform A. Summit, slope, and Base
D. none of above B. Active and Inactive
331. This is one of the instruments geologists C. Shield, Cinder, and Composite
use to monitor and detect changes in ele- D. All of the above
vation and tilt caused by moving magma?
337. What type of volcano is Mt. St. Helens?
A. thermometer
A. shield
B. anemometer
B. composite
C. psychrometer
C. cinder cone
D. tiltmeter
D. active
332. What type of volcano is the most explo-
338. Which planet has shield volcanoes and
sive?
lava flows similiar to those on Earth?
A. Shield
A. Jupiter
B. Cinder Cone
B. Venus
C. Composite
C. Mercury
D. Mona Loa
D. Neptune
333. A broad volcano with gently sloping sides 339. An area where material from deep within
is a Earth’s mantle rises through the crust and
A. Shield melts to form magma.
B. Cinder Cone A. hot spot

1.17 volcanoes 377
B. rift zone 345. The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is

C. hot soup one example of

D. hot mamma A. volcanic activity forming over a hot
spot.
340. The particles produced in volcanic erup-
B. volcanoes forming along plate bound-
tions are called
aries.
A. laccoliths
C. the Ring of Fire.
B. pyroclastic material
D. continental drift.
C. calderas
D. volcanic stocks 346. factors that change volcanic eruptions
341. Volcano that posess very little threat of

A. time of day and time of year
eruption.
A. Active volcano B. the number of side vents and craters a
volcano has
B. Dormant volcano
C. the type of gas and level of viscosity
C. Extinct volcano
D. Moana and Maui
D. none of above
342. Where do volcanoes usually form? 347. The eruption of Mount Etna in Italy in
2002 is an example of what volcanic erup-
A. within 10 miles of the ocean tion?
B. between Earth’s mantle and core A. Plinian
C. at fault lines between tectonic plates B. Strombolian
D. within the boundaries of the United
C. Vulcanian
States
D. Phreatic
343. Why does magma form at divergent
boundaries? 348. If a volcano’s magma is high in silica, the
A. Water lowers the melting temperature volcano will
of the mantle rock. A. erupt quietly
B. Lowering the pressure lowers the B. remain dormant
melting point of the mantle rock.
C. produce dark-colored lava
C. The temperature is increased.
D. erupt explosively
D. The pressure is increased
344. A liquid with high viscosity 349. What is the spread of lava as it pours out
of a vent?
A. is thin and flows easily
A. magma chamber
B. is dense and flows slowly
B. pipe
C. has particles with very little friction be-
tween them C. lava flow
D. is pahoehoe D. crater

1.17 volcanoes 378
350. A wide, gently sloping mountain made of 355. An earthquake occurs when forces and
layers of lava and formed by quiet erup- stress along a fault build up, causing the
tions. rock to break at a weak point along the
fault and release energy. How does this
A. cinder cone
energy move through the Earth?
B. composite volcano
A. as seismic waves
C. shield volcano B. as sound vibrations
D. strato-volcano C. as heat waves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
351. Which population is in the most danger D. as light radiation
for damage caused by an earthquake? 356. What provides the force that causes a
A. a population living near an active fault volcano to become explosive?
zone A. Mafic flows
B. a population living on an island B. Magma density
C. a population living at a high elevation C. Dissolved gases trapped in magma
in the mountains D. Extreme heat
D. a population living in a tropical climate 357. Once magma reaches the Earth’s surface
it is called
352. The main hazard from a quiet volcanic
eruption is A. Silica
B. Lava
A. Volcanic gases
C. Rock
B. Lava Flows
D. Molten
C. Pyroclastic Flows
358. How fast a lava is able to flow is based
D. Geysers
on its
353. Which of the following terms are used to A. Location
describe a volcano that is has not recently B. Viscosity
erupted, but may in the future? (aka
C. Amount
sleeping volcano)
D. Weight
A. Composite volcano
359. What means “ground or land”
B. Active volcano
A. volcano
C. Extinct volcano
B. earth
D. Dormant volcano
C. border
354. What part of the volcano allows magma D. ocean
to flow to the surface?
360. The biggest volcano is located
A. Vent A. on Mars
B. Pipe B. on Earth
C. Magma Chamber C. on Jupiter
D. Crater D. none of above

1.17 volcanoes 379
361. A pyroclastic flow typically occurs during 367. What are fast moving clouds of gas, ash,
a(n) eruption. and rock bombs that are products from an
explosive eruption?

A. quiet
B. effusive A. ash fall
C. offensive B. effusive debris
D. explosive C. magma
362. An active volcano will D. pyroclastic flows
A. never erupt again 368. A is a weak spot in the crust where
B. probably will not erupt again molten material, or magma, comes to the
C. most likely erupt again surface.
D. collpase on itself A. earthquake
B. hurricane
363. What type of lava has a low viscosity,
mafic, iron rich and produces quiet erup- C. tornado
tions? D. volcano
A. Rhyolitic Lava
B. Andesitic Lava 369. Which governmental group has estab-
lished volcanic observatories to monitor
C. Basaltic Lava the potential for fire eruptions in the
D. none of above United States?
364. This type of volcano is not steep but very A. USGS
wide B. USDA
A. composite C. EPA
B. cinder cone D. USGA
C. shield
D. none of above 370. Hotspot volcanism is likely to be found
near:
365. A large hole left by the collapse of a vol- A. The Ring of Fire.
canic mountain is called a
B. Mid-ocean ridges.
A. Crater
B. Caldera C. Both the Ring of Fire and mid-ocean
ridges.
C. Vent
D. Neither the Ring of Fire nor mid-ocean
D. Volcano ridges
366. Which type of volcano is Crater Lake in
Oregon? 371. Beneath a volcano, magma collects in a:
A. Caldera A. magma chamber

B. Cinder Cone B. magma pocket
C. Composite Volcano C. vent
D. Shield Volcano D. hole

1.17 volcanoes 380
372. Which of the following analogyis TRUE C. divergent and hot spots
about the volcanic shape and its descrip-
D. convergent w/ subduction and hot
tion?
spots
A. Shield:smallest
B. Caldera:largest 378. In volcanic areas, groundwater heated by
magma is a source of
C. Cinder:smallest
A. lava flows
D. Composite:largest
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. silicia
373. Which is an example of cinder cone volca-
C. geothermal energy
noes?
D. pyroclastic flows
A. Mount Fuji
B. Mayon Volcano 379. what is the largest volcano?
C. Paricutin A. shield volcano
D. Kilauea and Mauna Loa B. cilicone volcaano
374. A volcano that had its last eruption more C. compost volcano
than 10, 000 years ago. D. none of above
A. Extinct Volcano
380. Which of the following do satellites de-
B. Sleeping Volcano
tect to determine that a volcanic eruption
C. Active Volcano will soon happen?
D. Quiet Volcano A. Slope deformation
375. What causes volcanoes to erupt? B. Temperature changes
A. Pressure C. Gases being given off
B. Heat D. All of these
C. Rain storm
381. What do you call a large crater formed by
D. none of above the collapse of a volcano?
376. Volcanoes with steep sides made of lay- A. Caldera
ers of ash is called B. Lava Plateau
A. Cinder Cone
B. Shield Volcano
D. Shield Volcano
D. none of above 382. A volcano with a broad base and gently
sloping sides is called a volcano.
377. Most volcanoes occur at which 2 types of A. shield
plate boundaries?
B. cinder cone
A. convergent w/ subduction and diver-
gent C. composite
B. divergent and transform D. fissure

1.17 volcanoes 381
383. About how many years does it take for a B. Eclipse

volcano to form? C. Increase in liquid emissions

A. 100, 000-800, 000 D. Earthquakes
B. 30, 000-100, 000
389. This type of volcano is built by layers and
C. 20, 000-80, 000 layers of lava
D. 10, 000-500, 000 A. composite
384. Taal volcano erupted in the year 1965 B. cinder cone
due to contact of water and hot rocks. C. shield
How can this volcanic eruption be classi- D. none of above
fied?
A. Phreatic 390. A shield volcano is made from
A. a combination of explosive and nonex-
B. Vulcanian
plosive eruptions
C. Strombolian
B. explosive eruptions
D. Phreatomagmatic
C. quiet, surprise eruptions
385. The Ring of Fire has about % of the D. nonexplosive eruptions
world’s active volcanoes.
391. volcanoes are formed from fast flow-
A. 95 ing, basaltic lava which flows easily over
B. 75 the surface, forming larger and wider vol-
C. 50 canoes.
D. 85 A. Cone
B. Composite
386. Volcanoes that are NOT found at plate
C. Angel
boundaries occur in the middle of plates in
areas called D. Shield
A. hot spots 392. What is the main idea of the entire pas-
B. mid-ocean ridges sage?
C. fissure volcanoes A. Volcanoes are all the same inside.
D. shield volcanoes B. Volcanoes are found all over the world.
387. Eruptions driven by bursting gas bubbles C. Volcanic eruptions are the reason is-
within the magma. lands form.
A. Hawaiian D. Volcanic eruptions are a powerful
B. Strombolian force of nature.
C. Vulcanian 393. A small volcano with steep sides.
D. Surtseyan A. cinder cone
388. Which of these may indicate that a vol- B. composite
cano will erupt? C. strata
A. Increase in gas emissions D. shield

1.17 volcanoes 382
394. A type of eruption where magma flows 400. Cool, slow moving lava
easily with a low viscosity is a
A. Pahoehoe
A. Quiet eruption
B. AA
B. Explosive eruption
C. ZZ
C. Rock eruption
D. Magma
D. Vent
395. What famous volcano exploded in 1980 401. A dormant volcano has
NARAYAN CHANGDER
in Washington state? A. recently erupted
A. Kilaauea B. never erupted
B. Krakatoa C. not erupted for a long time
C. Mt. Ranier
D. erupted thousands of years ago
D. Mt. St. Helens
402. What island do we know has a volcano
396. volcanoes are no longer connected to erupting today?
a source of magma.
A. Hawaii
A. Active
B. Shield B. California
C. Extinct C. Greenland
D. Dormant D. Mexico
397. What is molten rock that has formed 403. Mt. Fuji in Japan is an example of a
deep within the Earth?
A. Shield volcano
A. Hot Spot
B. Composite volcano
B. Magma
C. Cinder Cone volcano
C. Lava
D. Volcano D. Mountain not a volcano
398. A local place is 404. Which of the following is NOT a cause of

weathering and erosion?
A. near your home
B. in another country A. fire
C. somewhere that has volcanoes B. water

D. far away C. wind
399. What kind of volcano is made D. ice

of alternating layers of lava and
405. Lava can form a what?
tephra/pyroclastics?
A. shield A. hill
B. composite B. oceans
C. cinder C. land
D. none of above D. mountains

1.17 volcanoes 383
406. An explosion driven by stream produced C. both explosive and nonexplosive erup-
when groundwater is hatred due to an un- tions
derlying heat source.

D. mountains breaking
A. Strombolian
412. Earth is made up of layers.
B. Vulcanian
A. 1
C. Phreatic
B. 3
D. Palean
C. 4
407. I have recently erupted and there is a D. 6
strong possibility I will erupt soon. What
kind of volcano am I? 413. The belly of the Volcano is called
A. Dormant A. Side vent
B. Active B. Central vent
C. Distinct C. Magma chamber
D. none of above D. Conduit
408. Which volcanic eruption led to climate 414. Magma fills this part of the volcano
change in 1815? A. underground
A. Eldfell B. chamber
B. Mt. St. Helens C. magma
C. Krakatoa D. the side of it
D. Tambora 415. Lava begins as
409. The volcano in Iceland erupted and when A. water
the magma cooled it became B. crust
A. dirt. C. magma
B. wind. D. pumice
C. plants.
416. When a volcano erupts, it can spew which
D. ash. of the following?
410. This volcano is built by layered flows, A. Rock & ash
quiet eruptions, explosive eruptions, and B. Gas
pyroclastic flows.
C. Lava
A. Composite
D. all of the above
B. Cinder Cone
417. What kind of rocks are formed when lava
C. Shield from a volcano cools?
D. none of above A. metamorphic
411. Composite Volcanoes are formed by B. igneous
A. explosive eruptions C. sedimentary
B. nonexplosive eruptions D. magma rocks

1.17 volcanoes 384
418. Rhyolitic magma is rich in 424. Which type of volcano spills thick lava
A. silica which cools and piles up around the vent?
These fragments spill down the sides of
B. iron the volcano.
C. magnesium
A. Cinder COne
D. sulfur
B. Composite
419. Tall, cone-shaped mountains made of C. Lava Dome
both cooled lava layers and layers of ash
NARAYAN CHANGDER
are called D. Shield
A. shield volcanoes 425. Which type of volcano has the widest
B. composite volcanoes base?
C. lava plateaus A. Cinder
D. cinder cone volcanoes B. Composite
420. Silica is made up of C. Shield
A. Oxygen and silica D. none of above
B. Oxygen and silicon
426. How are volcanoes related to earth-
C. Oxygen and sillia quakes?
D. Oxygen and silion A. Earthquakes are directly beneath vol-
421. A lava flow with a surface of rough, canoes and the movement of magma puts
jagged blocks and sharp, angular projec- pressure on the rock until it cracks.
tions is called a(n) B. when a volcano explodes the lava is
A. pyroclastic flow hot and cracks the floor
B. aa flow C. all of the above
C. pahoehoe flow D. none of above
D. ash flow
427. This type of volcano forms from EXPLO-
422. How many main types of volcano are SIVE eruptions followed by quiet flows
there? A. composite
A. 1
B. cinder cone
B. 2
C. shield
C. 3
D. none of above
D. 4
423. Which is an example of pyroclastic mate- 428. What is it called when sediment is moved
rial? by wind, water, ice, and gravity?
A. Lightning caused by a volcano A. Erosion

B. Granite rock B. Deposition
C. Tuff rock C. Weathering
D. Gniess rock D. Landslides

1.17 volcanoes 385
429. Volcanoes that do not have any historical 435. Conduction is the transfer of heat be-
record of any eruption but are considered tween substances with different temper-
as morphologically young. atures. Heat moves from the cooler sub-

A. Active stance through direct contact. Which fea-
ture forms as a result of conduction be-
B. Potentially Active tween magma and water?
C. Inactive A. dike
D. Dormant B. hot spring
430. Which is not a types of volcano: C. caldera
A. Extinct D. batholoth
B. Cinder
436. How will you classify volcanoes that
C. Composite have records of eruptions within the last
D. Shield 600 or 10, 000 years ago?
A. Active
431. What is an island?
B. Inactive
A. a beach formed by sand
C. Dormant
B. water circled by trees
D. Extinct
C. land that is under water
D. land circled by water 437. Approximately 70% of the world’s com-
posite volcanoes are located around the
432. A Boundary occurs at a deep-ocean Pacific Ocean in a region called the
trench through subduction.
A. Ring of Fire
A. Divergent
B. Volcano Ring
B. Convergent
C. Nucleus of Volcanoes
C. Transform
D. Center of Fire
D. none of above
438. What genre is the story Volanoes?
433. Properties mean
A. talents that someone has A. Fiction
B. qualities of something B. Fable
C. student grades C. fantasy
D. jobs that workers have D. Expository Text
434. Which feature forms at a divergent 439. An erupting volcano can cause
boundary? A. rain
A. rift valley B. other disasters like tsunamis, earth-
B. island arc quakes, etc.
C. subduction zone C. dragon attacks
D. collision zone D. an early Christmas

1.17 volcanoes 386
440. A dead volcano is called what? C. funny

A. active D. sleepy
B. dormant 446. Which volcanic eruptions destroy prop-
C. extinct erty, death or injury to humans rarely oc-
curs
D. none of above
A. lava dome
441. How many types of volcanoes are
B. shield volcano
NARAYAN CHANGDER
there?
C. composite volcano
A. 4
D. cinder cone volcano
B. 3
C. 1 447. These are formed by less viscous basaltic
lava flows.
D. none of above
A. Cinder Cone Volcanoes
442. What is molten (melted) rocks found B. Shield Volcanoes
deep in the earth called?
C. Strato Volcanoes
A. vertical tube
D. Composite cone volcanoes
B. magma
C. lava 448. About 75 percent of the world’s volca-
noes are found
D. Hot Spots
A. around the Atlantic Ocean basin.
443. If lava flowed at the same speed as a B. along the mid-Atlantic ridge.
glass of milk, we would say it has a
viscosity. C. around the Pacific Ocean basin.
A. high D. throughout the American Northwest.
B. low 449. What is the topic of the paragraph on

page 344 of “Volcanoes”?
C. no
A. Lava can destroy buildings.
D. medium
B. Volcanic ash does not cause problems.
444. What forms when hot water and steam
are trapped underground in a narrow
C. Hot lava from volcanoes can cause
crack, get heated and erupt from the
damage.
cracks?
D. Mount Saint Helens knocked down
A. hot bath
whole forests.
B. geyser
450. Which type of volcano has recently
C. lava plateau
erupted or will soon erupt?
D. volcano
A. Active
445. What does active mean? B. Dormant
A. busy C. Extinct
B. careful D. none of above

1.17 volcanoes 387
451. The main hazard from a quiet volcanic C. active

eruption is D. dormant

A. pyroclastic flow
457. Which of the following forms from large
B. lava flows amounts of fluid lava over an extensive
C. volcanic cinders area?
D. volcanic ash A. Lava Dome
B. Lava Plateau
452. Eruption of Kavachi Volcano in the
Solomon Islands in 2000 is an example of C. New Land
what type of volcanic eruption? D. Volcano
A. Pelean 458. Which type of lava has a high viscosity,
B. Phreatomagmatic is felsic, silica rich and has explosive erup-
tions?
C. Vulcanian
A. Rhyolitic Lava
D. Phraetic
B. Andesitic Lava
453. Molten rock outside the Earth’s crust C. Basaltic Lava
A. lava D. none of above
B. Magma
459. These are sometimes caused by the up-
C. Lithosphere ward movement of magma before an erup-
D. Ash cloud tion
A. sinkholes
454. Volcanoes further away from those close
to a hotspot are B. monsoons
A. Older C. earthquakes
B. Younger D. heat waves
C. the exact same age 460. The solid particles thrown up in the air
during a volcanic eruption are known as
D. none of above
455. Which of the following is a participating A. Tephra/pyroclastics

state of CDEMA?
B. Aa
A. Cuba C. Pillow lava
B. Puerto Rico D. Felsic lava
C. Venezuela
461. When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in
D. Turks and Caicos Islands a steep pile around a volcano’s vent, the
result is a
456. A volcano that is erupting or has shown
signs that it may erupt in the future is A. cinder cone volcano
called B. shield volcano
A. sleeping C. composite volcano
B. extinct D. dormant volcano

1.17 volcanoes 388
462. Where are most volcanoes located? 468. What is inside a volcano?
A. Atlantic Ocean A. Lava
B. Africa B. Magma
C. Japan
C. Fire
D. Ring of Fire
D. none of above
463. What percentage of Earth’s volcanoes
are found in the Ring of Fire? 469. Wide gentle-sloping mountain from lava
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 10% pouring out of the vent that hardens on
top of previous layers
B. 25%
C. 50% A. Caldera
D. 75% B. Cinder cone volcano
464. Which type of volcano has steep angled C. Composite volcano

sides, throws blobs of lava in the air that D. Shield volcano
fall as cinders, and is built over a short pe-
riod of time? 470. I have not erupted in a long time but there
A. Cinder Cone is a possibility I will erupt again. What
kind of volcano am I?
B. Composite
C. Lava Dome A. Distinct
D. Shield B. Active
465. The nearest Composite volcano to Los An- C. Dormant

geles is D. none of above
A. Mt. Shasta
471. What main feature is created in a subduc-
B. Mt. Fuji
tion zone when the plate that is subducted
C. Mt. Kilamanjaro begins to melt?
D. Mauna Loa A. Mountains
466. What type of volcano is Mount St. He- B. Volcanoes
lens?
C. Cracks
A. Caldera
D. none of above
B. Cinder Cone
C. Composite Volcano 472. A tall, cone shaped mountain in which lay-
D. Shield Volcano ers of lava alternate with layers of ash
and other volcanic materials.
467. Where can we locate Mt. St. Tomas?
A. composite volcano
A. Kalinga
B. Apayao B. shield volcano
C. Benguet C. cinder cone

D. Mt.Province D. geyser

1.17 volcanoes 389
473. is the thickness of a liquid or its re- 479. An example of a Cinder Cone volcano is
sistance to flow.
A. Coneapolis

A. Felsic
B. Mafic B. Paracutin
C. Liquefaction C. Mount Rushmore
D. Viscosity D. Cindertion
474. Volcanoes are classified as a hazard 480. A steep-sided volcano formed from lay-
ers of lava and ash.
A. geomorphological
A. Strata or composite
B. climatic
B. shield
C. tectonic
C. cinder cone
D. biological
D. fire fountain
475. The weak point in the Earth’s crust where
hot magma rises and reaches the earth’s 481. Molten rocks on the surface of volcanoes
surface is call the are oozing out. Which volcanic material
best describes this?
A. Crater
A. Magma
B. Maagma Chamber
B. Lava
C. Main Vent
C. Pyroclastic material
D. Secondary Cone
D. Silica
476. Where do most volcanoes in the world oc-
482. A plate boundary where the plates slide
cur?
past each other in opposite directions
A. in the ocean
A. Indirect
B. in the middle of a plate B. Transform boundary
C. at a plate boundary C. Convergent boundary
D. at a hot spot D. Divergent boundary
477. What is liquid rock called within the 483. A secondary effect of volcanic activity
Earth’s surface?
A. Pyroclastic flows
A. core
B. Ash fall
B. lava
C. Tsunamis
C. magma
D. Lava flows
D. volcanic ash
484. The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and
478. A mass of rock formed when a large body gasses during an explosive volcanic erup-
of magma cools inside the crust is called a tion.
A. neck A. pyroclastic flow
B. dike B. Fusion flow
C. lava plateau C. Fission Flow
D. batholith D. pahoehoe

1.17 volcanoes 390
485. A subduction zone is 490. Why do volcanoes form at divergent

boundaries
A. plates pull apart.
A. Water lowers the melting temperature
B. the continental plate slides under the
of the mantle rock.
oceanic plate.
B. Lowering the pressure lowers the
C. where the oceanic plate slides under melting point of the mantle rock.
the continental plate.
C. The temperature is increased.
D. plates slap each other a high five.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The pressure is increased
486. The huge hole left by the collapse of a
491. Who did they interview about the vol-
volcanic mountain is called a
cano eruption?
A. lava plateau
A. Farmer
B. caldera B. Farmer’s Wife
C. cinder cone C. Dog
D. shield volcano D. A scientist
487. What is the least explosive type of vol- 492. An volcano is one that is erupting or
cano? has erupted recently.
A. Shield A. DORMANT
B. Composite B. EXTINT
C. Cinder Cone C. ACTIVE
488. A steep, cone-shaped hill or small moun- 493. One major belt of volcanoes that sur-
tain made of volcanic ash, cinder, and rounds the Pacific Ocean
bombs piled up around a volcano’s open- A. Ring of Fire
ing. B. Ring of Asia
A. sill C. Ring o’ earthquakes
B. vent D. Ring a ding ding
C. cinder cone
494. An area where magma melts through the
D. pipe crust in the middle of a plate is called a
A. island arc
489. An opening in the Earth’s crust through
which molten rock, gases, and ash erupts B. geyser
is called a(n) C. hot spot
A. explosion D. pipe
B. volcano
495. Which of the following is the first event
C. vent when there is a formation of a volcano?
D. geyser A. pressure builds up inside the Earth

1.17 volcanoes 391
B. lava from the eruption cools to form C. Caldera volcano

new crust D. Cinder cone volcano

C. magma rises through cracks in the
501. Where do we find volcanoes?
Earth’s crust
A. convergent boundaries
D. magma explodes to the surface
B. divergent boundaries
496. Which of the following is an opening C. with in plates
through which molten rock and gas leave
a volcano D. all of these
A. pipe 502. What volcanoes are described as having

a wide base?
B. magma chamber
A. Shield Volcanoes
C. crater
B. Cinder Cones
D. vent
C. Composite Volcanoes
497. Which volcano is a wide, gently sloping D. Calderas
mountains made of layers of lava and is
formed by quiet eruptions? 503. Aa lava flows
A. Composite A. In explosive bombs
B. Cinder-Cone B. In jagged chunks
C. In ropy texture
C. Shield
D. In small bb shaped chunks
D. Stratovolcano
504. Which type of volcano is currently rest-
498. If lots of lava flows out in one spot on ing, but could erupt sometime in the fu-
the surface of the Earth it forms a moun- ture?
tain and is called
A. Active
A. magma.
B. Dormant
B. an ocean.
C. Extinct
C. a volcano.
D. All of the above
D. a ring.
505. Energy from water or steam that has
499. When groundwater heated by a nearby been heated by magma
body of magma rises to the surface and A. Geothermal energy
collects in a natural pool, it is called a
B. Thermal energy
A. geothermal activity
C. Kinetic energy
B. hot spring D. Potential energy
C. geyser
506. Yellowstone Park is made up of
D. none of above
A. craters
500. The simplest type of volcano is B. calderas
A. Shield volcano C. active volcanoes
B. Composite volcano D. none of above

1.17 volcanoes 392
507. Most volcanoes occur 513. Kilauea in Hawaii is a and creates is-
A. oceanic/continental convergent lands.
A. Stratovolcano
B. oceanic/oceanic convergent
B. Cinder Cone volcano
C. Shield Volcano
D. oceanic/continental divergent
D. none of above
508. When a volcano has not erupted for a
514. A cone shaped volcano is
NARAYAN CHANGDER
long time but may erupt again, it is called:
A. a composite volcano
A. active
B. ice cream volcano
B. sleeping
C. dormant volcano
C. extinct
D. none of above
D. dormant
515. What creates the pressure within the vol-
509. The calmest of the eruption types. cano to make it erupt?
A. Hawaiian A. Shape of the volcano
B. Strombolian B. dissolved gases trapped in the magma
C. Vulcanian
C. gravity in the lithosphere
D. Surtseyan
D. Lava flow
510. Fast-moving clouds of gas, ash, and other
tephra are what? 516. Why do so many people live near volca-
noes?
A. calderas
A. Mineral rich soil
B. pyroclastic flows
B. Geothermal Energy
C. volcanic blocks
C. Tourism
D. volcanic bombs
D. All of the above
511. Convergent means to 517. Why does magma rise?
A. pull apart A. It is less dense than the rock around it.
B. come together
C. slide past B. It is more dense than the rock around
it.
D. none of above
C. It is the same density as the rock
512. Which type of volcano is associated with, around it.
runny lava, and effusive eruptions. D. It is a liquid, and the rock is a solid.
A. shield
518. The car-sized material being shot out of
B. composite a volcano are called what?
C. cinder cone A. volcanic ash
D. none of above B. volcanic cinders

1.17 volcanoes 393
C. volcanic bombs 524. What is the principal ingredient to all

D. lapilli types of magma?

A. Iron
519. There are several pieces of crust called
B. Magnesium
these
C. Silica
A. crust
D. Water
B. volcanoes
C. plates 525. The loudest sound ever recorded was
D. none of above A. Mt. Vesuvius erupting
B. Mt. Krakatoa erupting
520. How can volcanic ash help the environ-
ment? C. Mt. Kilauea
A. It can be recyled. D. A mouse whispering in the forest.
B. Mineral in the ash can help plants 526. What are volatiles?
grow. A. gases trapped in lava
C. the wind carries ash. B. rocks that are thrown from a volcano
D. Animals can eat the minerals in the C. mud flows caused by a volcanoes
ash.
D. none of above
521. Where do volcanoes form?
527. Pahoehoe is
A. Places where plates move apart
A. cooler, slower moving lava
B. Places where plates are moving to-
B. fast moving lava
gether
C. volcanic ash
C. Hot Spots
D. lava with a rough, chunky surface
D. All of these options
528. A volcano that has erupted in the last
522. of America’s volcanoes are found in this 2000 years but not recently is known as
state
A. Washington A. Dormant
B. Oklahoma B. Active
C. California C. Extinct
D. Alaska D. Angry
523. What type of volcano has the most ex- 529. At what volcanic setting would you find
plosive eruptions? rhyolitic magma?
A. Shield A. Divergent
B. Cinder Cone B. Convergent subduction
C. Stratovolcano C. Continental hotspot
D. none of above D. Oceanic hotspot

1.18 oceans 394
530. Melted rock inside the Earth is called 532. What does solid mean?
A. magma. A. wet
B. water. B. hard
C. fire. C. soft
D. surface. D. rough
531. When groundwater heated by magma
rises to the surface and collects in a nat- 533. Smaller volcanoes that typically throw
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ural pond, it is called a ash into the air during eruption
A. hot spring A. cinder cone

B. geyser B. shield
C. vent C. composite
D. pyroclastic flows D. fissure
1.18 oceans
1. Ocean water is more dense than fresh wa- A. Earthquake
ter at the same temperature due to differ- B. Volcano
ences in:
C. Tornado
A. Wind patterns
D. Hurricane
B. Lifeforms
5. The formation of soil is primarily the result
C. Currents
of
D. Salinity
A. stream erosion and mass movement
2. The term brackish is most closely related B. stream deposition and runoff
to the of a sample of water. C. precipitation and wind erosion
A. color D. weathering and biological activity
B. density
6. How much heat energy it will take to raise
C. salinity or lower the temperature of an object. Wa-
D. temperature ter has a high specific heat meaning it
takes a lot of energy to change the tem-
3. A coral reef separated from the mainland perature of water.
by a lagoon is a(n) A. Thermal
A. atoll B. Specific heat
B. barrier reef C. Surface tension
C. fringing reef D. Evaporation
D. island arc
7. Underwater mountain chains are called
4. A mountain that builds up around an open- what?
ing in Earth’s crust is a what? A. mid-ocean ridges

1.18 oceans 395
B. trenches D. narrow and steep sided clefts in the

C. rift valley ocean floor

D. seamounts 13. Which of the following is the most dense?
A. Cold, salty water
8. This is the area between low and high tide
lines. B. Cold, fresh water
A. tide pools C. Warm, salty water
B. intertidal zone D. Warm, fresh water
C. spring tide 14. Which explains why there are fewer ma-
D. neap tide rine organisms in the deeper zones of the
ocean?
9. Which of these is the main chemical build- A. amount of light decreases
ing block of all living things?
B. pollution increases
A. carbon
C. salinity increases
B. hydrogen
D. ph increases
C. nitrogen
15. What is pollution
D. oxygen
A. Adding harmful substances to the envi-
10. What happened to water vapor in the at- ronment
mosphere when the early Earth cooled? B. Using natural resources wisely
A. Water vapor dried up C. poision
B. Water vapor boiled D. water
C. Water vapor condensed 16. What % of the world is water?
D. There was no gravity to pull water va- A. 20 %
por to Earth
B. 70 %
11. The movement of energy through the wa- C. 50 %
ter in an up and down pattern is called a
D. 97 %
A. continental slope
17. Surface currents affect
B. current
A. tides
C. storm surge
B. climate
D. wave
C. wind
12. Which of the following describes an ocean D. none of above
trench?
18. Which phrase best describes salinity?
A. land that drops down at the edge of the
continental shelf A. Amount of water that is polluted
B. chains of mountains that run through B. Number of fish living in the water
an ocean basin C. Amount of salt in water
C. wide and flat areas with a thick layer D. Number of molecules of water in an
of sediment area

1.18 oceans 396
19. What is the WISE use of natural resources C. It is cold.

called D. It is slow.
A. Pollution
25. Two types of ocean currents are
B. Conservation
A. local and global
C. Help
B. sea and land
D. Trash
C. surface and deep
20. What do ocean currents carry that MOST
NARAYAN CHANGDER
affects climates? D. warm and cold
A. heat 26. Oceans circulate in large circular patterns

B. fish called
C. ships A. whirlpools
D. salt B. vortexs
C. gyres
21. the area of the shore and seabed that is
exposed to the air at low tide and sub- D. oceans don’t circulate
merged at high tide, i.e. the area between
tide marks 27. Trees growing on the edge of a river’s me-
ander are most likely to fall into the river
A. neritic zone due to
B. intertidal zone A. deposition on the inside of the mean-
C. photic zone der
D. upwelling B. deposition on the outside of the mean-
der
22. Many areas the ocean have high tides
and low tides. C. erosion on the inside of the meander
A. one D. erosion on the outside of the meander
B. three 28. What percentage of our atmosphere is
C. no made of oxygen?
D. two A. 1%
23. What is the water like where a river meets B. 21%

the ocean? C. 78%
A. It is salty D. 25%
B. It is fresh
29. The oceans hold almost all the water on
C. It is polluted Earth. Which kind of water is found in the
D. It is slightly salty oceans?
A. salt water
24. What is true about an ocean current that
is moving toward the equator? B. pure water
A. It is warm. C. fresh water
B. It is fast. D. drinking water

1.18 oceans 397
30. Because clams, corals, and anemones are 36. What heats the ocean and causes the sur-
attached to or live on the bottom, we call face layer to be less dense than all other
them organisms. layers?

A. arthropodic A. ocean tides
B. benthic B. the wind
C. marine
C. the sun
D. ocean waves
31. Which of the following factors has the-
greatest effect on Earth’s tides? 37. A student heard the weather forecaster on
A. Earth’s orbit around the sun television say that an area of high pres-
sure was located over his region of the
B. Earth’s gravity
state. What type of weather is the area
C. the Moon’s gravity most likely to experience?
D. none of above A. cold and wet
32. In addition to salinity, what factor affects B. dry and clear
the density of seawater?
C. stormy
A. depth
D. cloudy and wet
B. latitude
C. temperature 38. Currents move in patterns.
D. salt content A. triangular
33. Where does upwelling occurs? B. circular
A. North american cost C. rectangular
B. South American cost
D. none of above
C. North Mexico cost
D. South Mexico cost 39. What is the “fuel” that “feeds” a hurri-
cane
34. A occurs when the earth’s plates move
causing a sudden shift. A. cold air
A. Tornado B. dry air
B. Earthquake C. warm and moist air
C. Hurricane D. warm and dry air
D. Canyon
40. Which of these organisms would be LOW-
35. This is word that describes sea life that EST on the ocean food chain?
can create their own light.
A. Shark
A. glowing
B. lightning B. Dolphin
C. bioluminescence C. Big Fish

D. none of above D. Zooplankton

1.18 oceans 398
41. the deflection of currents to the right in the C. Convection Currents

northern hemisphere and to the left in the D. Temperature and salinity
southern hemisphere is caused by the
A. coriolis effect 47. How do ocean currents on the wa-
ter’ssurface transfer energy?
B. holden effect
A. Currents transfer heat among thetrop-
C. earths gravity ical latitudes.
D. the moons gravity B. Currents transfer heat from deep
NARAYAN CHANGDER
42. Which types of surface bedrock are most oceanwater to shallow water.
likely found near Jamestown, New York? C. Currents transfer heat from warmtrop-
A. slate and marble ical latitudes to cooler latitudes.
B. quartzite and granite D. none of above
C. shale and sandstone 48. When things such as fertilizer, trash, or
D. schist and gneiss factory waste ends up in a water shed the
water can become
43. What is the source for most of the water
A. clean
vapor that enters the atmosphere through
evaporation? B. polluted
A. land C. constructive
B. plants D. empty
C. oceans 49. What is responsible for surface currents?
D. mountains A. temperature and salinity
44. An area where rivers flow into the ocean B. density and salinity
and fresh water and salt water mix is C. wind and the earth’s rotation
A. tide pool D. wind and density
B. hydrothermal vent
50. What do scientists call the wide flat area
C. estuary in the ocean that is covered with a thick
D. kelp forest layer of sediment?
A. a continental slope
45. Areas where salt and fresh water mix are
known as B. a seamount
A. Oceans C. a mid-ocean ridge
B. Estuaries D. an abyssal plain
C. Aquifers 51. The Southern ocean is
D. Intertidal zone A. its own ocean
46. What process brings the deep cold ocean B. near the north pole
currents up to the surface? C. part of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian
A. Conduction oceans
B. Global Wind Patterns D. none of above

1.18 oceans 399
52. Which of these gases is produced during 58. Moving air drags the water’s surface,
photosynthesis? transferring energy, causing what ocean
feature?

A. Oxygen
B. Carbon Dioxide A. waves
C. Nitrogen B. ocean trenches
D. Water Vapor C. tides
53. What kind of weather happens during a D. longshore drift
warm front?
59. Where we live.
A. Light rain or light snow
A. stratosphere
B. Heavy rain or heavy snow
B. thermosphere
C. Clear skies, temp. warms
D. Clear skies, temp. cools C. troposphere
D. mesosphere
54. What causes ocean currents in the North-
ern Hemisphere to curve to the right? 60. Microbes make half of the world’s oxygen.
A. Earth’s orbit around the Sun In what part of the marine ecosystem does
B. Earth’s spinning on its axis this occur?
C. Earth’s magnetic field A. estuaries

D. Earth’s force of gravity B. surface of the ocean
55. currents are a type of vertical cur- C. bottom of the ocean

rent that carries water from the surface D. hydrothermal vents
to deeper parts of the ocean
61. Which are the two major types of ocean
A. density
currents?
B. rip
A. superficial currents and interior cur-
C. ocean rents
D. upwelling
B. shallow currents and lower currents
56. What kind of water would be located clos- C. top currents and bottom currents
est to the surface?
D. surface currents and deep currents
A. colder temperature
B. colder temperature & more salinty 62. How does ocean circulation affect the cli-
mate?
C. warmer temperature & less salinty
D. less salinty A. It distribute heat all over the world
B. It regulates nutrients of the ocean all
57. Changing from liquid to a gas
over the world
A. Evaporation
C. It brings summer season to cold
B. Condensation places
C. Run off D. It brings winter season to warm
D. Precipitation places

1.18 oceans 400
63. Which of the following gases is more abun- 69. warm, top layer of ocean water
dant in the lighted zones near the surface
A. surface zone
than in the dark regions of the ocean?
A. argon B. thermocline
B. carbon dioxide C. deep zone
C. nitrogen D. none of above
D. oxygen
NARAYAN CHANGDER
70. More than 97 percent of Earth’s totally
64. There are main oceans. water supply is found in
A. 4
A. ice sheets
B. 5
B. the atmosphere
C. 6
C. oceans
D. 7
D. groundwater
65. The Arctic Ocean boarders which North
American country?
71. Waves are usually caused by
A. The United States
A. wind
B. Mexico
C. Caribbean Island B. tides
D. Canada C. currents
66. A narrow, powerful surface current which D. climate

flows away from the shore is called a
72. A spiral or circular organization
A. density current
B. rip current A. fetch
C. ocean current B. gyre
D. upwelling C. ridge
67. microscopic marine producers/base of an D. tsunami
aquatic food web
A. estuary 73. What is the real reason why cold water
sinks?
B. open ocean
C. phytoplankton A. It has more molecules than warm wa-
ter
D. hydrothermal vents
B. The molecules have higher kinetic en-
68. affects weather and climate because it ergy
heats the Earth unevenly.
C. The molecules have lower kinetic en-
A. latitude
ergy, making it more compact and heavier
B. altitude
C. atmosphere D. The mass is heavier which makes its
D. sunlight density higher than warm water

1.18 oceans 401
74. The deeper you go in the ocean 79. A rapid change in temperature with depth
A. Pressure increases and it gets colder in the ocean is called the

and darker. A. homocline
B. pressure decreases and it gets colder B. thermocline
and darker C. pycnocline
C. pressure increases and it gets warmer D. isocline
and brighter
D. it gets wetter. 80. Deep Ocean currents are a result of
A. Global Wind Patterns
75. Which statement about fresh water is
true? B. Earth’s Rotation
C. Density
A. Most fresh water is located under-
ground. D. All of the above
B. Less than 1% of fresh water is surface 81. The is the beginning source of energy
water. for the water cycle.
C. Frozen water is less than 50% of A. sun
Earth’s fresh water
B. wind
D. Groundwater makes up the most
C. geothermal
amount of fresh water on Earth
D. volcano
76. What is a mineral that can be found in the
ocean? 82. An elongated hill that is composed of un-
sorted sediments deposited by a glacier is
A. Rocks
called
B. Salt
A. a delta
C. Stone
B. a drumlin
D. none of above
C. a sand dune
77. How many oceans are on the Earth? D. an outwash plain
A. 4
83. Because of the Coriolis effect, surface
B. 5 ocean currents are deflected to the of
C. 6 their path of motion in the Northern Hemi-
sphere
D. 2
A. right (clockwise)
78. the ecological region at the lowest level B. left (counter clockwise)
of a body of water such as an ocean or
a lake, including the sediment surface and C. west
some sub-surface layers D. east
A. benthic zone 84. A measure of the amount of salt in a body
B. aphotic zone of water
C. neritic zone A. Solvent
D. open oceans B. Specific heat

1.18 oceans 402
C. Salinity 90. TIny, plant-like organisms that live in the

D. Surface Tension ocean and create much of the world’s oxy-
gen are called:
85. The bottom of a wave is called what? A. Zooplankton
A. Crest B. Fish
B. Trough C. Phytoplankton, or algae
C. Current D. Seaweed
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Tide 91. Mechanical weathering can be caused by
86. A meandering stream deposits most of its all of the following except
sediments on the A. gravity
A. inside of meanders where the stream B. rust
flows faster C. plant roots
B. inside of meanders where the stream D. ice
flows slower
92. What is the movement of water from the
C. outside of meanders where the stream earth to the air and back to the earth?
flows faster
A. precipitation
D. outside of meanders where the stream
B. water cycle
flows slower
C. evaporation
87. Which waters tend to be saltier? D. condensation
A. coastal waters in cool, humid environ-
ments 93. How much mineral salt does 1000 g of sea-
water contain?
B. river waters
A. none
C. coastal waters in hot, dry climates
B. 1 g
D. coastal waters near river outlets
C. 35 g
88. The regular rise and fall of the ocean’s sur- D. 999 g
face caused by the gravitational pull of the
moon and earth is called a 94. Temperature and salinity affect the of
water.
A. rip tide
A. none of the other choices
B. current
B. wave speed
C. tide
C. depth
D. hydrothermal zone D. density
89. Which of the following predators are the 95. An ongoing movement of ocean water is
most harmful to sea turtles? called a what?
A. Humans A. Current
B. Humpback Whales B. Tide
C. Fish C. Wave
D. none of above D. Stream

1.18 oceans 403
96. Which of the following would causesur- C. updraft

face ocean water to have a higher saltcon-
D. conveyor belt
tent?

A. the flowing of a river into the ocean 102. Global mean sea levels currently are
B. the melting of sea ice A. falling
C. high rates of evaporation and low rate- B. fluctuating
sof precipitation
C. rising
D. none of above
D. unchanging
97. Water that has greater density
A. sinks 103. Bottom, coolest layer of ocean water
B. rises A. surface zone
C. spins clockwise B. thermocline
D. is warmer C. deep zone
98. are sections of the oceans that are D. none of above
more or less surrounded by land.
A. Ponds 104. Which best explains why estuaries are
productive ecosystems?
B. Bays
A. They have high saltwater content
C. Seas
D. Fjords B. They have high levels of dissolved
gases.
99. Which of the following has the biggestef-
C. They receive nutrients from both
fect on deep ocean currents?
rivers and the ocean.
A. tides and salinity
D. They receive chemicals from commer-
B. temperature and wind cial and industrial runoff.
C. temperature and salinity
D. none of above 105. This forms when large waves first break
and drop sand.
100. Flat, deep, and smooth part of the ocean A. atoll
floor.
B. berm
A. Continental slope
B. Continental shelf C. continental shelf
C. Abyssal plain D. longshore sandbar
D. Trench
106. This is the highest point of a wave
101. when winds blow surface water in a di- A. Wave height
rection cold, nutrient rich water moves up-
ward from the deep, this is called B. Trough
A. upwelling C. Wavelength
B. water replacement D. Crest

1.18 oceans 404
107. This zone of the ocean is between 0-200 B. a strong cold front
meters deep C. cold ocean water
A. twilight D. a strong warm front
B. sunlit
113. What causes surface ocean currents to be
C. midnight deflected?
D. twilight A. deep currents
B. the Coriolis effect
NARAYAN CHANGDER
108. wind-driven process in which nutrient-
rich, denser, colder water moves to the C. Earth’s revolution
surface D. global winds
A. upwelling
114. Place the following terms in order from
B. downwelling smallest to largest area of coverage:sea,
C. phytoplankton ocean, bay
D. hydrothermal vents A. bay, ocean, sea
B. sea, ocean, bay
109. The dropping off of weathered rock is
called what? C. bay, sea, ocean
A. Weathering D. ocean, bay, sea
B. Erosion 115. Animals capable of moving independently
C. Deposition of ocean currents, by swimming or other
means of propulsion, are called
D. Tornado
A. nekton
110. Which activity demonstrates chemical B. plankton
weathering?
C. benthos
A. freezing of water in the cracks of a
D. biomass
sandstone sidewalk
B. abrasion of a streambed by tumbling 116. Definition of upwelling
rocks A. Wide variety of plants and animals live
C. grinding of talc into a powder in an estuary.
D. dissolving of limestone by acid rain B. The measure of how salty water is
C. a process in which deep, cold water
111. Marine snow would be most important to rises toward the surface
organisms living in the
D. The speed at which water flows
A. abyssal zone
117. Which of the following is NOT associated
B. intertidal zone
with upwelling?
C. littoral zone
A. increased nutrients at the ocean sur-
D. photic zone face
112. What is one condition that is necessary B. increased plankton population
for a hurricane to form? C. vertical water movements
A. warm ocean water D. horizontal water movements

1.18 oceans 405
118. The energy that drives surface ocean cur- A. cool temperatures since it is less
rents comes from dense

A. salinity variations B. cool temperatures since it is more
dense
B. wind
C. warm temperatures since it is less
C. temperature differences
dense
D. wave action D. warm temperatures since it is more
dense
119. The measure of the amount of dissolved
salts in a given amount of liquid is called 124. What is the most likely cause of ocean
A. circulation waves?
B. sodium choride A. temperature differences in the water
B. density differences in the water
C. evaporation
C. surface winds
D. salinity
D. none of above
120. A wide flat area that takes up about
125. What does constructive mean
40% of the ocean floor.
A. Breaking down of landforms
A. Continental Shelf
B. using natural resources wisely
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. adding harmful things to the environ-
C. Trench ment
D. Abyssal Plains D. building up of landforms
121. Which of the following best describes the 126. What is the primary driving force for sur-
abyssal plane face ocean currents?
A. It is very flat and very deep. A. density layering
B. It is warm and shallow, and contains B. global winds
the most life. C. water temperature differences
C. It is caused by underwater volcanoes. D. salt concentration
127. What is the most abundant salt in the
D. It has a very steep drop, like a ski sea?
slope.
A. calcium chloride
122. The total amount of salt dissolved in wa- B. magnesium chloride
ter is known as C. potassium chloride
A. load D. sodium chloride
B. salinity 128. How do deep ocean currents move?
C. solute A. very slow
D. insoluble residue B. very fast
123. Low pressure is typically associated with C. they don’t move
D. none of above

1.18 oceans 406
129. Which of the following is true of the B. bringing even warmer water to hot ar-
ocean floor? eas creating tropical climates
A. It is totally flat. C. currents dont affect the climate
B. It has the same depth everywhere D. i hate the ocean
C. It has many of the same geological fea-
135. Cold ocean currents generally come from
tures you find on land.
D. It is covered in sea grass. A. The North Pole
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. The South Pole
130. walls constructed by humans to prevent
erosion and other wave-related damage C. The Equator
on the shoreline D. Both A and B
A. breakwaters and seawalls
136. A natural disaster categorized by
B. ice caps and glaciers columns of spinning wind is called what?
C. Intertidal zone A. Tornado
D. storm B. Earthquake
131. When water is described as potable, it is C. Flood
A. clouded with sediments D. Volcano
B. low in oxygen
137. As depth increases
C. safe to drink
A. Things become shallow
D. saturated with salts
B. It is more salty
132. How much water on earth is in the C. temperature decreases, pressure in-
oceans? creases, and light decreases
A. 70% D. An ocean current is created
B. 80%
138. The mass of all living organisms on Earth
C. 90%
is called
D. 100%
A. nekton
133. An overflow of water onto land that is B. plankton
normal dry is called?
C. benthos organisms
A. Rain
D. biomass
B. Flood
C. Drought 139. What do scientists call a large mass of
water that distributes heat and nutrients
D. Maddness
in the ocean?
134. currents that bring water from high lati- A. an ocean wave
tude regions to low latitude regions effect
B. an ocean current
climate by
A. bringing colder water to warm regions C. an ocean tide
regulating temperature D. an ocean drift

1.18 oceans 407
140. In which ocean zone is the greatest num- C. continental slope

ber of producers found? D. continental shelf

A. deep zone
146. Where is ocean water the densest.
B. intertidal zone
A. The surface
C. open zoneopen zone
B. The middle
D. oceanic
C. The bottom
141. The continental shelf, continental slope,
D. Lake Michigan
and continental rise make up what part of
the ocean floor? 147. are sometimes called the “rainforests
A. mid-ocean basin of the sea.”
B. deep-ocean basin A. Coral reefs
C. continental margin B. Mid-ocean ridges
D. ocean margin C. Seamounts
D. Continental shelves
142. Which of these organisms is a producer?
A. Sea Star 148. One of the major ways oceans contribute
to weather systems is that the oceans-
B. Coral
A. provide a diverse habitat for many or-
C. Seal
ganisms.
D. Algae
B. store and transport the Sun’s heat en-
143. Most of the earth’s water is ergy.
A. salt water C. experience changes in amounts of dis-
solved salt.
B. fresh water
D. reach depths that can be as much as
C. frozen
12, 000 meters.
D. underground
149. The temperature of the ocean gets
144. Currents cause that break upon the the deeper you go.
shore.
A. Colder
A. Tides
B. Warmer
B. Currents
C. Saltier
C. Waves
D. Cleaner
D. Shorelines
150. What percentage of the Earth’s surface is
145. Choose the correct vocabulary word for covered in water?
each definition.The steeply sloping part of
the ocean floor where the ocean deepens A. 75%
rapidly B. 61%
A. current C. 81%
B. abyssal plain D. 71%

1.18 oceans 408
151. The Moon causes tides on Earth byproduc- 156. Which type of tide occurs when the Sun,
ing which of the following? the Moon, and the Earth align?
A. a bulge of water on one side of Earth- A. low tide
that is nearest to the Moon B. high tide
B. two bulges of water on opposites C. spring tide
sidesof Earth
D. none of above
C. four bulges of water, evenly
NARAYAN CHANGDER
spacedaround Earth 157. Compared to a low-density spherical par-
D. none of above ticle, a high-density spherical particle of
the same size will sink through water
152. Why is the current salinity of the world’s A. more slowly
oceans a problem for old-earth geologists?
If the earth is as ancient as they believe it B. more rapidly
is, the oceans should be than they are. C. at the same rate
A. saltier D. none of above
B. lower 158. What cause animals to die?
C. deeper A. Salt water
D. drier B. Water
153. Which characteristics of a particle would C. pollution
usually result in the longest settling time D. humans
for the particle in calm water?
A. low density and round shape 159. Which ocean is the largest?
B. low density and flat shape A. Southern Ocean

B. Pacific Ocean
C. high density and round shape
C. Atlantic Ocean
D. high density and flat shape
D. Indian Ocean
154. A continuous, regular pattern of water
flow is called a 160. Salinity in the ocean is highest in regions
where is high and is low
A. storm surge
A. evaporation; precipitation
B. current
B. precipitation; evaporation
C. wave
C. temperature; evaporation
D. continental slope
D. precipitation; temperature
155. Which process allows cold ocean water,
rich in nutrients, to rise to the surface? 161. Aaron is researching characteristics of
the ocean. Which statement about oceans
A. Photosynthesis
is true?
B. desalination A. People float more easily in saltier wa-
C. undertow ter
D. . upwelling B. The ocean is cooler in the surface

1.18 oceans 409
C. Most human activity on the ocean is 167. When are organisms in tide pools easy
done out at sea prey for predators?

D. Sunlight becomes brighter as the A. at high tide
ocean gets deeper B. during a neap tide
162. The upwelling of deep ocean currents in C. during a spring tide
some areas results in D. at low tide
A. nutrient-rich water
168. For every 1000 grams of ocean water,
B. rough seas how many grams of salt is there on aver-
C. a decrease in marine life age?
D. flooding on the coasts A. 5
B. 130
163. Wave impact and pressure cause
C. 15
A. deposition
D. 35
B. tides
C. erosion 169. Where I find clouds.
A. thermosphere
D. refraction
B. stratosphere
164. Which location contains the smallest frac-
C. troposphere
tion of the water on Earth?
D. ionosphere
A. oceans
B. glaciers 170. Temperature and salinity differences in
ocean water cause:
C. rivers
A. Mid-ocean ridges
D. under the ground
B. Deep Currents
165. What is the name of the area between C. Surface Currents
the shoreline and continental slope (grad-
ually sloping end of a continent that ex- D. High tide and low tide
tends out under water)? 171. Produces most of our Earth’s Oxygen
A. continental shelf A. trees
B. ocean trench B. grass
C. seamount C. phytoplankton
D. abyssal plain D. none of above
166. Where do plants get most of the energy 172. Which of these reservoirs contains the
they need to live and grow? most water?
A. soil A. lakes
B. water B. rivers
C. air C. glaciers
D. sunlight D. groundwater

1.18 oceans 410
173. When the atoms or molecules of a sub- C. The moon

stance stick together
D. Gravity
A. Density
B. Polarity 179. Which of the following is a process
through which gases such as methane,
C. Cohesion CO2 and water vapor hold energy in the
D. Adhesion atmosphere and keep the Earth warm?
A. condensation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
174. The pull of the ocean caused by the mood
causes what? (Hint:A rise and fall in wa- B. infrared radiation
ter)
C. ultraviolet radiation
A. Currents
D. Greenhouse Effect
B. Tides
C. Waves 180. What ocean is the largest and deepest?
D. Gravity A. Atlantic
B. Pacific
175. At what tide is the high and low tide very
extreme? C. Indian
A. regular tide D. Arctic
B. neap tide
181. What is the name of the main salt in our
C. spring tide ocean?
D. moon tide A. Potassium iodine
176. We have main oceans? B. Epsom salt
A. 7 C. Sodium Chloride
B. 4 D. Glucose (sugar)
C. 5
182. How do some deep-water bacteria in the
D. 6 ocean make food?
177. A gradually sloping part of the ocean A. Photosynthesis
floor that has shallow water. B. Chemosynthesis
A. Continental Shelf
C. Respiration
B. Continental Slope
D. Rifting
C. Trench
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge 183. Which of these extends the farthest out
into the ocean?
178. What is the primary energy source that A. beach
drives all weather events including precip-
itation and hurricanes? B. berm
A. The Earth’s rotation C. coastal region
B. The sun D. shore

1.18 oceans 411
184. waves striking a rocky outcropping that 190. In March 2012, James Cameron went to
extends from the seashore, slowly break- the bottom of which trench?
ing down the rock into smaller pieces

A. Tonga Trench
A. seawalls
B. Mariana Trench
B. tsunami
C. weathering C. Phillipine Trench
D. erosion D. Aleutian Trench
185. When high tides and low tides are at their 191. As the temperature of the ocean in-
most extreme, they are said to be creases, which most likely occurs?
A. bottom tides
A. the level of dissolved oxygen de-
B. spring tides creases
C. neap tides B. the rate of photosynthesis increases
D. trench tides
C. the amount of minerals decreases
186. An underwater volcano is called what?
D. the level of dissolved nitrogen in-
A. Seamount creases
B. Ocean Volcano
192. What cause island to extend above the
C. Exploding Earth
ocean surface?
D. Seacano
A. earthquakes
187. What is responsible for deepwater cur-
rents? B. volcanoes
A. temperature and salinity C. wind
B. wind and salinity D. none of the above
C. density and the earth’s rotation
193. The vast floor of the deep ocean
D. wind and density
A. abyssal plain
188. In the Northern Hemisphere, which direc-
tion do ocean currents move? B. storm surge
A. clockwise C. current
B. counterclockwise D. shore
C. straight towards the equator
D. in a random pattern 194. A change to the land that changes the
chemical makeup (such as the creation of
189. What locations in the United States are limestone caves, or rusting)
most vulnerable to hurricanes?
A. Physical Weathering
A. Florida
B. Chemical Weathering
B. Washington
C. Tennessee C. Erosion
D. Arkansas D. Deposition

1.18 oceans 412
195. These tiny organisms are important be- C. mid-ocean ridge

cause they provide us with oxygen D. seamount
A. shrimps
201. currents that start in low latitude regions
B. phytoplankton and move to high latitude regions effect
C. octopus the climate by
D. fish A. bringing cold water to warm water ar-
eas
196. The accumulation of sediment found along
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. bringing warm water to cold water ar-
the shore of a lake or ocean is called a eas
A. neap tide C. currents do not affect climate
B. longshore current D. who cares
C. beach
202. The sharp drop off the continental shelf
D. sea arch is called what?
197. Tides depend on the force of gravity from A. Continental Rise
the B. Continental Slope
A. sun and moon C. Trench
B. moon and stars D. Seamount
C. earth and sun 203. Fresh water picks up these as it goes to
D. earth and moon the ocean
A. dirt and chemicals
198. What is Coral bleaching?
B. oxygen and hydrogen
A. anything related to the ocean
C. sparkles and sunshine
B. rapid growth of algae that harms or-
ganisms D. minerals and nutrients
C. loss of color in coral that happens 204. In which life zone must organisms cope
when stressed coral expels that algae that with the greatest variability of condi-
lives in them tions?
D. none of above A. abyssal zone
B. intertidal zone
199. Which of these are causes of rapid phys-
ical changes to land forms? C. littoral zone
A. Tornado D. photic zone
B. Hurricane 205. Lyntreal went fishing last week and no-

ticed that the tide went out while he was
C. Volcano
there. What caused this to happen?
D. All of these
A. Gravitational pull from the Moon and
200. Which of the following does not belong Sun
with the other three? B. A rain storm
A. continental rise C. Currents and waves
B. guyot D. Deep Ocean Trenches

1.18 oceans 413
206. A large wave caused by the earth moving C. when salinity is high and its tempera-
underneath the ocean is called a ture is low

A. hurricane D. none of above
B. tidal wave
212. A range of mountains that wind through
C. surfer wave the ocean floor
D. tsunami A. Abyssal plain
207. A technology used for underwater map- B. volcanic island
ping is called C. seamount
A. Laser D. mid-ocean ridge
B. Radar
213. when trade winds don’t blow around the
C. Sonar equator and warm surface water stays in
D. Lidar the eastern pacific ocean the weather pat-
ter that happens is called
208. Which of these describes the continental
shelf? A. El Nino
A. It’s dark, deep and cold. B. La Nina
B. There is very little life on it. C. Pacific Jet Stream
C. It is the submerged border of a conti- D. Nor’Easter
nent.
214. Which ocean covers the largest percent-
D. It is formed when two tectonic plates age of the earth’s surface?
pull away from each other.
A. Atlantic
209. The amount of salt found in water B. Arctic
A. Coastline
C. Indian
B. Salinity
D. Pacific
C. Density
215. In which oceanic zone do clams and crabs
D. Trench
survive by burrowing in the sand?
210. A piece of land that is formed in the ocean A. oceanic
that protects the main land.
B. intertidal
A. Sand
C. neritic
B. Barrier Island
D. benthic
C. Hills
D. Mountains 216. What part of the water cycle is when the
gas in the air changes to a liquid?
211. When is seawater the densest?
A. evaporation
A. when salinity is high and its tempera-
B. condensation
ture is high
B. when salinity is low and its tempera- C. precipitation
ture is high D. creation

1.18 oceans 414
217. The land along the edge of the ocean C. lakes

A. current D. meteorites
B. continental plain 223. Sea anemones, sea stars, crabs, and
C. continental slope snails live in this rocky pool.
D. shore A. volcanic mountain
B. intertidal zone
218. A warm ocean current that flows from
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the Gulf of Mexico toward Canada then C. open ocean zone
across the Atlantic Ocean toward Europe D. hydrothermal vent
A. Gulf Stream
224. The Gulf stream carries water from
B. crest the east coast of The United States to the
C. trough West coast of Europe.
D. fetch A. Cold
B. Warm
219. Which term describes a large amount of
water that covers land that is normally C. Freezing
dry? D. Fresh
A. earthquake 225. As depth increases, pressure
B. volcanic eruption A. stays the same
C. flood B. increases
D. landslide C. decreases
220. sound waves used to make a map of the D. is stable
ocean floor
226. Compared with surface currents, deep
A. ocean floor topography currents are
B. sonar A. colder and less dense.
C. seamount B. warmer and less dense.
D. continental slope C. warmer and denser.
D. colder and denser.
221. masses of ocean water that flow from
one place to another 227. Winds are caused by differences in
A. surface current A. humidity
B. ocean current B. turbulence
C. gyres C. air pressure
D. upwelling D. precipitation
222. What is the second major source of ele- 228. Which has the most gravitational pull on
ments in seawater? the earth?
A. Earth’s interior A. the sun
B. solar radiation B. the stars

1.18 oceans 415
C. the moon 234. Which Global wind pattern can wander

D. the waves farther south than usual in winter causing
temperatures in the US to decrease?

229. Which of these do young-earth creation- A. trade winds
ists believe were most likely created by
runoff from the continents late in the B. polar jet stream
Flood? C. prevailing westerlies
A. coral reefs D. subtropical jet stream
B. guyots 235. What is the largest ocean?
C. submarine canyons A. Pacific Ocean
D. trenches B. Atlantic Ocean
230. Approximately how much of Earth’s sur- C. Arctic Ocean
face is covered by water? D. Indian Ocean
A. 50 percent 236. What factor mostly affects the amount of
B. 30 percent dissolved oxygen in ocean water?
C. 70 percent A. pressure
D. 40 percent B. salinity
231. Which areas of the ocean would have the C. solubility

greatest salinity? coastal water in a cool, D. temperature
humid area
237. What do scientists call the gently sloping
A. coastal water in a cool, humid area land from the shoreline to the continental
B. coastal water in a hot, dry area slope?
C. coastal areas where a major river runs A. the continental floor
in B. the continental shelf
D. coastal areas that have lots of rain C. the continental divide
232. This zone of the ocean is between 1, 000- D. the continental ridge
4, 000 meters deep 238. A horizontal movement of ocean water
A. sunlit that is caused by wind and that occurs at
B. lower midnight or near the ocean’s surface.
C. midnight A. Gulf Stream
D. twilight B. Global Conveyor Belt

C. Surface Current
233. Which factor has the greatest influence
D. Gyre
on the weathering rate of Earth’s surface
bedrock? 239. What causes a tsunami?
A. local air pressure A. Underwater Earthquakes
B. angle of insolation B. Underwater Hurricanes
C. age of the bedrock C. Wind
D. regional climate D. Waves

1.18 oceans 416
240. Which two factors have the most influ- 245. About how much of the atmosphere is
ence on the development of landscape fea- made up of nitrogen?
tures?
A. 1%
A. bedrock age and weathering rates
B. 78%
B. bedrock structure and climate varia-
C. 21%
tions
D. 97%
C. rate of deposition and thickness of the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
bedrock 246. a place where freshwater meets up with
D. rate of erosion and fossils in the salt water; nature’s nursery
bedrock A. phytoplankton
241. Which New York State landscape region B. estuary
is mostly composed of horizontal sedimen-
C. hydrothermal vents
tary bedrock at high elevations?
D. photic zone
A. Hudson Highlands
B. Allegheny Plateau 247. Definition of wetland
C. Taconic Mountains A. an area where a river flows into the
D. Atlantic Coastal Plain ocean (fresh and salt water mix)
B. land that has a wet and spongy soil, as
242. Currents affect climate by a marsh, swamp, or bog
A. transferring heat and cold between C. Water that is slightly salty.
the tropics and polar regions.
D. a process in which deep, cold water
B. changing the density of water in the rises toward the surface
tropics.
C. transferring heat from the polar re- 248. Surface currents are formed by
gions to the tropics. A. temperature
D. none of above B. salt
243. Which is not an ocean? C. climate
A. Mediterranean D. wind
B. Pacific 249. How would excessive increases in ni-
C. Southern trate and phosphorous concentration af-
D. Indian fect freshwater systems?
A. It would cause excessive algal blooms
244. On what day did God create the creatures
of the sea?
B. . It would cause increased dissolved
A. 3rd oxygen.
B. 5th C. . It would cause increased water clar-
C. 4th ity.
D. none of above D. It would cause extremely cold water.

1.18 oceans 417
250. What part of the water cycle is when 255. What is the usual weather of an area
moisture falls from the air and reaches the over a long period of time?
ground?

A. season
A. creation
B. water cycle
B. condensation
C. evaporation C. gravity
D. precipitation D. climate
251. Which of the following happens when 256. The top of a waves is called what?
water evaporates?
A. Crest
A. Dissolved salts in the water also evap-
orate B. Trough
B. Table salt is harvested C. Current
C. Dissolved salts rise to the surface of
D. Tide
the water
D. Dissolved salts in the water are left be- 257. The oceans hold most of the water on
hind Earth. What kind of water is found in
oceans?
252. What are underwater volcanoes and
mountains called? A. salt water
A. Mid-ocean ridge B. pure water
B. Mountain ridge
C. fresh water
C. Abyssal plain
D. drinking water
D. Continental slope
253. How does the Gulf Stream affect the- 258. are submerged mountain ranges on
coasts of the United States andEngland? the ocean floor at the spreading margins
of oceanic tectonic plates.
A. The Gulf Stream promotes milder tem-
peratures A. Abyssal plains
B. The Gulf Stream promotes more up- B. Seamounts
welling
C. Coral reefs
C. The Gulf Stream creates greater tem-
perature extremes D. Mid-ocean ridges
D. none of above
259. Waves in the ocean are mostly caused by
254. A submerged mountain or hill rising from
the sea floor is a(n)
A. Earthquakes
A. mid-ocean ridge
B. Currents
B. continental shelf
C. seamount. C. Tides
D. shore D. Wind

1.18 oceans 418
260. a fissure in a planet’s surface from 265. Why is the deepest layer of the ocean
which geothermally heated water issues. cold year round.
Hydrothermal vents are commonly found A. lack of sunlight
near volcanically active places, areas
where tectonic plates are moving apart, B. lack of wind
ocean basins, and hotspots C. lack of oceanic crust
A. hydrothermal vents D. lack of ocean currents
B. estuary 266. are up and down movements of the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. open ocean surface water.
A. currents
D. photic zone
B. waves
261. Which of these would be described as C. tides
pelagic?
D. winds
A. scallop
267. A long, high, sea wave caused by an
B. seaweed
earthquake in the ocean
C. snail A. tsunami
D. squid B. crest
262. Seawater is typically denser than fresh- C. gyre
water due to seawaters- D. currents
A. greater depth 268. The vertical movement of water toward
B. smaller mass the ocean’s surface is called
C. higher salinity A. density current
D. lower freezing point B. rip current

C. ocean current
263. movements of water that flow horizon- D. upwelling
tally in the upper part of the ocean’s sur-
face 269. The amount of salt in ocean water is
A. ocean currents called its
A. saltiness
B. gyre
B. salinity
C. surface currents
C. saline content
D. eddy
D. There is no salt in the ocean water
264. What is known as the measurement of 270. This slow process builds up deltas, sand
dissolved salt in water? dunes, and other land forms.
A. salinity A. Erosion
B. saltiness B. Deposition
C. desalination C. Weathering
D. nonsalination D. Hurricanes

1.18 oceans 419
271. The rising of cold water from deeper lay- 276. Waves do NOT move water, they move
ers to replace warmer surface water is which of these?
called

A. fish
A. the Coriolis effect
B. energy
B. a surface current
C. force
C. upwelling
D. tides
D. reflection
277. is a slow process that transfers
272. Which of the following form the pattern weathered land such as rocks, pebbles,
ofsurface currents on Earth? and sand.
A. high and low tides A. Weathering
B. the Sun’s gravitational pull and Earth’s B. Deposition
rotation
C. Erosion
C. global winds and the Coriolis effect
D. Natural Disasters
D. none of above
278. What would reduce the strength of a hur-
273. Which agent of erosion most likely
ricane?
formed the drumlins and finger lakes in
New York State? A. entering warmer water
A. running water B. traveling over the ocean
B. moving ice C. entering cooler water
C. wave action D. none of above
D. mass movement
279. Glaciers in the mountains start to melt
274. The cycle that powers the ocean currents, when the air temperature increases. This
weather, and tectonic plates it called is an example of which two Earth systems
interacting?
A. conduction current
A. atmosphere and biosphere
B. radiation
B. hydrosphere and biosphere
C. condition current
C. hydrosphere and geosphere
D. convection current
D. atmosphere and hydrosphere
275. Why are coral reefs found mainly in rel-
atively shallow water? Because only in 280. the relatively shallow part of the ocean
shallow water is there sufficient for above the drop-off of the continental shelf,
growth of the coral animals. approximately 200 meters in depth
A. air A. intertidal zone
B. water B. photic zone
C. food C. neritic zone
D. light D. downwelling

1.18 oceans 420
281. What can cause ocean currents? 287. Definition of salinity

A. temperature A. The measure of how salty water is
B. salinity B. The speed at which water flows.
C. wind C. Water that is slightly salty.
D. all of these cause ocean currents D. a process in which deep, cold water
282. Surface currents are a result of rises toward the surface
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Global Wind Patterns 288. As ocean waves approach the shore, the
B. Earth’s Rotation top curls over and crashes into the sand.
C. Density What do we call theses waves?
D. All of the above A. breakers
B. rip tides
283. Which of these things will most likely-
increase the salinity of a region of theo- C. longshore currents
cean? D. tsunamis
A. the evaporation of seawater
B. the thawing of a large iceberg 289. What happens to the density (thick-
ness)/air pressure of the air as you in-
C. increased precipitation crease in altitude?
D. none of above A. density increases
284. Two high tides and two low tides occur B. density decreases
every
C. density stays the same
A. Year
D. density disappears
B. Month
C. Week 290. The difference between producers and
D. Day consumers is
A. producers make their own food
285. How do water particles move in a
wave? B. producers only occur on land
A. They move forward with the wave. C. producers are all microscopic
B. They move in a circular motion. D. producers cannot live in estuaries
C. They move up and down.
291. What is the Coriolis Effect?
D. They stay still.
A. a circular system of currents
286. Which characteristic would most likely re-
B. is the movement of wind and water to
main constant when a limestone cobble is
the right or left that is caused by Earth’s
subjected to extensive abrasion?
rotation
A. shape
C. the vertical movement of water to-
B. mass ward the ocean surface
C. volume D. is a large volume of water flowing in a
D. composition certain direction

1.18 oceans 421
292. The four main oceans are:Pacific Ocean, C. near continents

Arctic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the
D. near the equator
Ocean.

A. Atlantic 298. Which ocean temperature zone is the
B. Southern warmest?
C. Mediterranean A. surface zone

D. European B. deep zone
293. Warm water is than cold water and C. thermocline

D. none of above
A. more dense, rises
299. When the atoms or molecules of a sub-
B. less dense, sinks stance stick to other substances
C. more dense, sinks
A. Adhesion
D. less dense, rises
B. Cohesion
294. An underwater vehicle. C. Condensation
A. submersible D. Evaporation
B. car
C. van 300. Energy for convection on the Earth comes
from
D. truck
A. The sun
295. Te gradually sloping portion of the ocean
B. The moon
floor that forms an underwater border be-
tween continents is called the C. Solar winds
A. continental slope D. The ocean
B. continental shelf
301. Atoms and molecules in the surface of
C. abyssal plain a substance exhibit the property of cohe-
D. tidal pool sion
296. What causes vertical ocean currents? A. Specific Heat
A. The phase of the moon. B. Adhesion

B. The gravitational attraction of the sun C. Polarity
C. Commercial boating activities. D. Surface Tension
D. The temperature and salinity of ocean
302. Technically, algae are
water
A. zooplankton
297. Bonus question:Where does an ocean cur-
rents become more dence? B. bioplankton
A. in polar regions C. phytoplankton
B. in temperate regions D. nektoplankton

1.18 oceans 422
303. Which of the following correctly identi- C. all the environmental issues facing the
fies the major source for the energy that earth
creates hurricanes? D. the world ocean and how it is impor-
A. Sun’s radiation tant
B. Ocean currents
309. Definition of brackish
C. Moon’s gravity
A. Water that is slightly salty.
D. Earth’s rotation
B. An area of land drained by a river and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
304. Which of the following is designed to pre- its branches (streams and creeks).
vent or slow shoreline erosion? C. The measure of how salty water is
A. groin D. Wide variety of plants and animals live
B. beach nourishment in an estuary
C. seawall 310. Second, cooler layer of ocean water
D. all of the above
A. surface zone
305. The ocean is part of which of Earth’s sys- B. thermocline
tems?
C. deep zone
A. atmosphere
D. none of above
B. biosphere
C. hydrosphere 311. Warm ocean currents generally come
from
D. geosphere
A. The North Pole
306. What can a storm surge of hurricane force B. The South Pole
winds cause?
C. The Equator
A. a rip tide
D. Both A and B
B. a rip current
C. very large waves 312. What fraction of water covers most of
the earth?
D. beach restoration
A. 1/2
307. The deepest parts of the ocean floor are
called what? B. 2/5
A. Abyssal Plains C. 3/4

B. Trench D. 3/5
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge 313. The gently sloping submerged surface ex-
D. Seamounts tending from the shoreline toward the
deep ocean is called
308. What is the text mostly about?
A. continental shelf
A. where water comes from and how it is
B. continental slope
used
B. how some oceans are different from C. continental rise
others D. submarine canyon

1.18 oceans 423
314. the portion of a lake or ocean where 319. Which of the following forces are destruc-
there is little or no sunlight;formally de- tive?
fined as the depths beyond which less than

A. erosion
1% of sunlight penetrates.
A. photic zone B. earthquake
B. aphotic zone C. tsunami
C. benthic zone D. all of the above
D. neritic zone
320. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the
315. The process of upwelling occurs as a re- northern hemisphere moves
sult of
A. clockwise
A. warm, less-dense deepwater that
floats to the surface. B. counter clockwise
B. cool, dense surface water that sinks C. both
and pushes deep waterup.
D. neither
C. surface waves that mix surface and
deep water 321. Which of the following bodies of water
D. sunlight that warms deep water that have a high salinity? (contain salt water)
rises to the surface. A. Pond
316. The majority of heat transfer performed B. Lake
on Earth by oceans is from what region to
what other region? C. River
A. From the Equator to the poles. D. Ocean
B. From coastal regions to inland.
322. Sediment is deposited as a river enters a
C. From North America to South America. lake because the
A. velocity of the river decreases
D. From the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean.
B. force of gravity decreases
317. What is the highest part of the wave?
C. volume of water increases
A. crest
B. trough D. slope of the river increases
C. height 323. Choose the answer that best completes

D. wavelength the sentence.The oceans are very impor-
tant to life on the earth so many plants
318. Which of these features is found where and animals live in the ocean.
the Atlantic Ocean is increasing in size?
A. thus
A. Mid-ocean ridge
B. Continental Shelf B. therefore
C. Trench C. although
D. Abyssal Plain D. because

1.18 oceans 424
324. Which best describes the role of the wa- 329. Convection takes place because
ter cycle? A. warm air is more dense than cold air
A. circulates existing water on Earth B. warm and cold air have the same den-
B. reduces pollution in most of the water sity
C. cold air is less dense than warm air
C. increases usable supply of Earth’s wa- D. cold air is more dense than warm air
ter
330. What drives the water cycle?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above A. wind
325. The process that turns liquid water into B. sun
gas within the water cycle. C. ice
A. condensation D. snow
B. precipitation 331. Where is most of Earth’s freshwater lo-
C. runoff cated?
A. in the clouds
D. evaporation
B. in the ice caps
326. What is the principal source of dissolved C. in the ocean
substances in the oceans?
D. in the ground
A. weathering
332. Due to high salt content, how does ocean
B. infiltration water compare to fresh water?
C. outgassing A. it is more dense
D. evaporation B. it is less dense
C. it is hotter
327. The entire area drained by a river and its
tributaries is called a D. it is colder
A. delta 333. Sound travels in seawater

B. watershed A. faster than in air
C. valley B. slower than in air

C. the same speed as in air
D. floodplain
D. faster or slower than in air, depending
328. What is the real reason why salty water on temperature.
sinks?
334. the current that moves up the atlantic
A. It has higher density coast of the United States and brings
B. It has more molecules and adds to its warm water to cold regions is called the
mass A. Kiroshio Current
C. The molecules have more kinetic en- B. Brazil Current
ergy C. Gulf Stream Current
D. It has more salt than regular water D. California Current

1.18 oceans 425
335. The greatest percentage of Earth’s water C. spring tide

is in the
D. moon tide

A. lakes
B. groundwater 341. Which of the following is a system that
uses sound waves to measure the distance
C. rivers of objects?
D. ocean
A. satellite imaging
336. The weight of the water pressing on an B. radio waves
object.
C. infrared imaging
A. jetty
D. sonar
B. water pressure
C. desaliniation 342. Destructive means what?
D. none of above A. Breaking down landforms
337. What type of tides have a small vertical- B. building landforms up
range and occur when the Sun andMoon C. pollution
are positioned at a right angle inrelation
to Earth? D. conservation
A. spring tides 343. What part of the water cycle is when wa-
B. mixed tides ter changes into a gas?
C. neap tides A. evaporation
D. none of above B. condensation
338. This is the lowest point of a wave C. precipitation
A. Crest D. creation
B. Wave height
344. In which landscape region are New York
C. White cap State’s Finger Lakes primarily located?
D. trough A. Adirondack Mountains
339. Having a positive and negative end B. Allegheny Plateau
(pole)
C. Atlantic Coastal Plain
A. Polarity
D. Erie-Ontario Lowlands
B. Precipitation
C. Electromagnetism 345. Which ocean is on the eastern coast of
the United States?
D. Salinity
A. Pacific
340. At what tide is the high and low tides not
much different from each other? B. indian
A. ocean tide C. Southern
B. neap tide D. Atlantic

1.18 oceans 426
346. A is the rise and fall of water levels B. Benthos

of the ocean. C. Upwellings
A. gravity D. Hydrothermal Vents
B. current
352. If the greatest velocity of the San Juan
C. tide
River on December 9 was 10 centimeters
D. wind per second, what was the approximate di-
ameter of the largest particles that the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
347. What is the approximate minimum river could have carried?
stream velocity needed to keep a parti-
cle in motion that has a diameter of 10 A. 1.0 cm
centimeters? B. 2.0 cm
A. 110 cm/s C. 10.0 cm
B. 190 cm/s D. 0.2 cm
C. 325 cm/s
353. Which ocean is about half the volume of
D. 425 cm/s the Pacific Ocean?
348. Most marine animals live near the sur- A. Southern Ocean
face of the ocean because of which sup- B. Atlantic Ocean
ports photosynthesis by marine algae
C. Indian Ocean
A. sunlight
D. Arctic Ocean
B. air
C. warmer temperatures 354. What causes ocean surface currents?
D. all of these answers A. gravitational attraction

B. friction between the ocean and wind
349. Which part of the ocean is deepest? on its surface
A. ridges C. changes in water density
B. rifts D. none of above
C. trenches
355. What is density?
D. seamounts
A. mass-per-unit volume
350. What feature can be over 11, 000 meters
B. mass-per-unit area
deep?
C. weight-per-unit mass
A. submarine canyon
D. weight-per-unit volume
B. mid-ocean ridge
C. ocean trench 356. Which ocean is the smallest and shallow-
est?
D. abyssal plain
A. Pacific Ocean
351. Areas where cold, nutrient rich waters
are brought to the surface due to winds B. Atlantic Ocean
blowing offshore are known as C. Indian Ocean
A. Aquifers D. Arctic Ocean

1.18 oceans 427
357. The continental rise is formed 363. a massive wave that causes severe ero-
A. from lava that has cooled and hard- sion and other damage on coastlines, usu-
ally following an earthquake

ened.
B. from sediment that has washed from A. tsunami
the continent and deposited at the base B. tide
of the continental slope. C. big wave
C. divergent plate boundaries. D. open ocean
D. when continents rise.
364. The largest of Earth’s oceans is the
358. About what percentage of the earth’s sur- A. Pacific
face is covered by oceans?
B. Atlantic
A. 71%
C. Indian
B. 50%
D. Arctic
C. 35%
D. 39% 365. The most abundant salt found in ocean
water is
359. A is a stream of water moving like a A. calcium sulfate
river through the ocean.
B. magnesium bromide
A. tide
C. magnesium chloride
B. wave
D. sodium chloride
C. force
D. current 366. What major feature of the ocean floor cir-
cumnavigates the Earth?
360. pulls fresh water to the oceans. A. mid oceanic ridge
A. Gravity B. continental slope
B. Currents C. trench
C. Tides D. sea mount
D. Wind
367. most ocean waves obtain their energy
361. Which of these organisms is a producer in and motion from the
a marine ecosystem? A. earths rotation
A. fish B. wind
B. gull C. moon
C. algae D. mr holdens giant ego
D. worm
368. Which of the following is not a cause of
362. Where does seafloor spreading occur? a tsunami?
A. at convergent plates A. asteroid strike
B. on seamounts B. landslide
C. near the ocean surface C. the force
D. at divergent plates D. earthquake

1.18 oceans 428
369. Which process increases the salinity of C. Arctic, Southern, Indian, Atlantic, Pa-
ocean water? cific
A. the Coriolis effect D. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arc-
B. convection currents tic
C. evaporation 375. Which of the following structures is

built to protect boats from large breaking
D. continental deflection
waves?
370. Which of the following characteristic-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. jetty
salters the density of ocean water? B. groin
A. wave size and salinity C. breakwater
B. temperature and wave speed D. seawall
C. salinity and temperature
376. The rising and falling of the ocean as wa-
D. none of above ter is attracted by gravity to tne moon and
sun
371. Density currents move
A. fetch
A. horizontally
B. ridge
B. vertically
C. trench
C. from north to south
D. tides
D. from south to north
377. Where would the temperature of the
372. Why are surface currents at the surface ocean’s surface water be the lowest?
of the ocean?
A. areas at high latitudes
A. colder temperature
B. areas with a high salinity
B. colder temperature & more salinty C. areas close to the equator
C. warmer temperature & less salinty D. areas with a low density
D. less salinty
378. What ocean is the smallest and shallow-
373. What resource would be greatly reduced est?
if microscopic algae in the oceans were to A. Atlantic
disappear?
B. Pacific
A. water C. Indian
B. oxygen D. Arctic
C. carbon dioxide
379. What do scientists call the downward
D. organic nitrogen movement of ocean water which helps
take oxygen to the lower layers of the
374. Select the group that shows the size of
ocean?
the oceans from SMALLEST to LARGEST.
A. upstreaming
A. Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, South-
ern B. downstreaming
B. Arctic, Atlantic, Southern, Atlantic, Pa- C. upwelling
cific D. downwelling

1.18 oceans 429
380. The abnormal rise of ocean waves caused C. upwelling

by weather such as a hurricane D. salinity

A. shore
386. There would be more pressure if you
B. ocean peak were
C. storm surge A. on top of a roof of a tall building
D. current B. sitting in this classroom
381. What is the most common cause of C. on top of a mountian
waves?
D. sitting in the top row of a stadium
A. underwater earthquakes
387. What kind of weather happens after a
B. variations in ocean-water density
cold front moves out?
C. the gravitational effect of the Moon
A. Light rain or light snow
D. winds at the ocean surface
B. Heavy rain or heavy snow
382. Where is the deepest part of the ocean? C. Clear skies, temp. warms
A. continental shelf D. Clear skies, temp. cools
B. trench
388. What do scientists call the change in wa-
C. volcanic island ter temperature in the Pacific Ocean that
D. continental rise produces a warm current and stops up-
welling?
383. Which of the following become islands
A. La Nina
when tall enough to break through the
ocean’s surface? B. El Nino
A. abyssal plain C. The Gulf Stream
B. continental drift D. Salinity
C. volcanic mountains 389. Which layer of the ocean is warmest and
D. oceanic trench least dense?
A. surface water
384. The shallow, submerged edges of a conti-
nent are called B. deep water
A. continental slope C. thermocline
B. continental shelves D. mesocline
C. abyssal zone 390. Organisms, such as algae & bacteria, that
D. none of the above. drift with ocean currents are known as
385. Ocean water is more dense than fresh A. nekton

water at the same temperature because of B. plankton
A. pressure C. benthos
B. Coriolis effect D. biomass

1.19 magnetism 430
1.19 magnetism
1. To revers the direction of current n a motor 6. It is the amount of matter in an object.
current is conducted through the brushed
A. weight
to the
B. mass
A. Earth
C. volume
B. commutator
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
C. direct current
D. none of above 7. A magnetic field is a region around a mag-
net in which you can measure magnetic
2. A device that is able to reverse the direc- forces. At which part(s) of the magnet is
tion of current in an electromagnet causing the magnetic field strongest?
a motor to spin the opposite way is known
as: A. The poles
A. a rotor B. The middle
B. a generator C. The horseshoe bend
C. a magnet D. Any part covered in plastic

D. a commutator 8. In a static discharge, which particles move
from one object to another?
3. Choose the vocabulary word that matches
this definition:an electrical charge that A. protons
builds up in an object B. neutrons
A. magnet C. electrons
B. conductor D. atoms
C. insulator
9. What do you call it when two magnets
D. static electricity
come together?
4. What is found at both ends of a bar mag- A. attract
net?
B. iron
A. magnetic poles
C. poles
B. magnetic coils
D. repel
C. ferromagnets
D. electromagnets 10. Electromagnetic technology is used in
many different ways today. Which of
5. Magnetic poles that are alike these are uses of this technology?
A. attract each other A. metal detectors
B. repel each other B. high-speed trains
C. do not interact C. electric generator
D. have the same shape D. all of these

1.19 magnetism 431
11. Which has the least gravitational force? B. Because Earth has a magnetic field
A. moon and poles like a bar magnet

B. earth C. Because of the magnetic properties of
oxygen molecules
C. sun
D. Because of the magnets in the moon
D. none of above
17. an electric current produces (a)
12. The closer together a magnet’s magnetic
A. magnetic field
field lines are,
B. galvanometer
A. the weaker the magnetic field
C. magnetism
B. the stronger the magnetic field
D. magnetic poles
C. the closer they are to the magnet’s
center 18. A is an invisible force field that ex-
D. the closer they are to disappearing tends all around a magnet.
A. magnetic field
13. Magnetic poles have magnetic field lines
that start at the magnetic pole and end B. magnetic field line
at the magnetic pole. C. magnetic pull
A. north, south D. magnetic force
B. south, north
19. The Earth’ magnetosphere is
C. north, north A. It is the angle between the geographic
D. south, south poles with the magnetic poles.
14. What is the purpose of the wire in a cir- B. They are magnetic waves that protect
cuit? our planet from solar radiation.
A. to use the electric current C. They are the points near to theExtremi-
ties of the axis Earth’s rotation, North and
B. to connect the components South.
C. to provide a source of electrical energy D. none of above
20. On Earth, where is Magnetic North approx-

D. to change the circuit from open to
imately located?
closed
A. The Equator
15. An electric motor changes electrical energy
B. The North Pole
to energy.
C. The South Pole
A. mechanical
D. New Brighton
B. chemical
C. potential 21. As earth’s magnetic poles move what hap-
pens to the magnetic declination of a given
D. free
location
16. Why does a compass work? A. it will always remain constant
A. Because of the magnets in the stars B. it will return to zero

1.19 magnetism 432
C. it will change 27. A magnet can move in a coil of wire to pro-

duce electricity in which system?
D. it will always double
A. Generator
22. Where on a magnet is the magnetic force B. Motor
strongest?
C. Magnet
A. at the north pole only
D. Transformer
B. at either pole
NARAYAN CHANGDER
28. In a circuit, there is only one path for
C. halfway between the poles
current to take.
D. the force is equally strong everywhere A. attract
23. What do two unlike poles do when they B. series
are brought together? C. fuse
A. use force D. increase
B. brought together 29. Iron filings form this when sprinkled on a
C. goes apart from each other piece of paper over a magnet.
D. none of above A. temporary magnet
B. lines of force
24. A thicker wire, the flow of electrons,
C. magnetism
which resistance.
D. north pole
A. increases, decreases
B. increases, increases 30. Which one is NOT a sign of a chemical
change in daily life?
C. decreases, increases
A. rotting fuit
D. decreases, decreases
B. anything cooked or burned
25. Do compass’s follow magnets? C. leaves changing
A. Yes D. water freezing
B. Yes they follow magnets in the night 31. What is MOVEMENT?
time only
A. Inertia
C. No B. Force
D. No they follow magnets in the day time C. Work
only
D. Motion
26. A is the invisible force that surrounds
32. Dr. Eriksson is working on a material
a magnet.
called selenium. She is adding a cer-
A. bar magnet tain number and type of atoms to the se-
lenium, which will control its conductiv-
B. a gravitational force
ity.Selenium is most likely what kind of
C. a magnetic field material?
D. gravity A. semiconductor

1.19 magnetism 433
B. conductor B. They have tiny bits of metal in their

C. superconductor cells

D. insulator C. The wind pushes them northward
D. Their eyes can see magnetic field lines
33. How is an electromagnet different from a
permanent magnet? 38. Rubbing a balloon on hair is an example of
A. An electromagnet is smaller and less static charge build up created by
powerful.
A. conduction
B. An electromagnet’s magnetism can be
B. friction
turned off.
C. An electromagnet can be built without C. induction
using metal. D. hairduction
D. An electromagnet does not attract ob-
jects containing iron. 39. If the electrons in a material’s atoms are
spinning in the same direction, you can as-
34. What is one benefit of using a parallel cir- sume that the material is
cuit? A. an insulator
A. If one bulb goes out, all the rest also
B. a magnet
go out.
C. a piece of metal
B. It is very cheap to make due to the low
number of parts used. D. a conductor
C. If one item goes down, it does not af-
40. An electric current produces a (an)
fect the others.
D. It is impossible to break. A. magnetic field
B. magnet
35. What is the word that means the surround-
ings in which an organism lives? C. solenoid
A. environment D. insulator
B. surroundings 41. An example of a conductor is:
C. population
A. a glass paperweight
D. biome
B. a plastic cap
36. The magnetic field lines of a bar magnet C. a metal screw
spread out from the
D. a wooden handle
A. north end to the south end.
B. south end to the north end. 42. Every magnet has both a pole and a
C. edges to the center. pole.
D. center to the edges. A. North, South

B. East, West
37. How can some animals determine which
way is north? C. Positive, Negative
A. They use a compass D. Positive, South

1.19 magnetism 434
43. Conductors are materials that 49. An electromagnet can be found in all of the
A. Allow heat to pass through following except
B. Stop heat from passing through A. car

B. computer
C. Allow cold to pass through
C. home outlets
D. Stop cold from passing through
D. speaker
44. A non-contact force is between
NARAYAN CHANGDER
50. What is current consisting of charges that
A. two objects that aren’t touching
flow in only one direction in a circuit?
B. two objects that are touching
A. Direct current
C. the ground and wheels B. Alternating current
D. you and me C. Rotating current
45. Which charges will attract each other? D. Single current
A. opposite charges 51. The magnetosphere protects earth from
B. like charges what?
C. all charges A. Meteors
D. no charges B. Solar winds
C. Lex Luther
46. A magnetic field is a field of force that is
produced by moving charges. D. None of the above
A. northern 52. (Bonus Question) What Are conductors?
B. positive A. Copper and water
C. gravitational B. Copper, aluminum and water
D. electric C. Wood, Brick and Iron
47. How are static electricity and lightning re- D. Wood, brick and water
lated? 53. A compass behaves as it does because the
A. clouds create lightning acts as a giant magnet.
B. lightning creates static A. Neptune
C. lightning is created when static elec- B. Sun
tricity has built up in a cloud C. A park
D. they are not related D. Earth
48. The area of magnetic force around a mag- 54. Which is an example of a permanent mag-
net is known as its net?
A. magnet A. Electromagnet
B. magnetic area B. Paperclip
C. magnetism C. Iron Nail
D. magnetic field D. Bar Magnet

1.19 magnetism 435
55. A magnetic field produced by a current can D. All of these are big differences
be turned on or off by
61. What component provides the pathway to

A. Placing more magnets around
carry electricity from component to compo-
B. Turning the current on or off nent?
C. Physically breaking a magnet A. d cell
D. none of above B. wire
56. I am used in making a path for a circuit. C. switch
I am made of metal such as iron or cop- D. wire coil
per (conductor) coated in plastic or rubber
which is an insulator. 62. Which of the following device is a force
A. electrical device measurer?
B. wire A. Weighing Scale
C. energy source B. Spring Balance
D. generator C. Meterstick
57. Where do you typically find auroras? D. none of above
A. Close to the North and South Poles 63. Magnetic field lines
B. Close to the equator A. never cross
C. West and East Poles B. cross at the north pole
D. None of the above C. cross at the south pole
58. A flow of electrons through a conductor is D. cross halfway between the poles
called:
64. In which scenarios is work done?
A. A river
A. hitting a baseball over a fence
B. A spark
B. pushing a car 0 meters
C. An electron flow
C. blocking a punch
D. A current
D. pushing on a wall
59. To erupt is to
A. walk slowly 65. The doughnut shaped region 25, 000km
above Earth’s surface is called
B. break through or force suddenly
A. Van Allen Belts
C. trickle down
B. Auroras
D. create a hole
C. Metosphere
60. The biggest difference between AC and DC
D. Magnetosphere
is
A. AC switches direction. DC does not. 66. What happens if you cut a bar magnet in
half?
B. AC is stronger than DC
C. DC can be conducted over greater dis- A. You get two North pole magnets
tances B. You get two South pole magnets

1.19 magnetism 436
C. You get a North pole magnet and a 72. Which material is a conductor?
South pole magnet A. glass
D. You get two smaller magnets, each B. aluminum
with a North and South pole C. wood
67. device that transforms energy into D. none of above
energy is a generator. 73. A material that does not allow ALL elec-
A. mechanical into electrical trons to flow through. Some resistance.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. electrical into mechanical A. insulator
C. magnetized into solar B. resistor
C. conductor
D. solar into electrical
D. none of above
68. A device that uses an electric current to
74. What is special about the ends of a mag-
turn an axle
net?
A. solenoid A. The ends aren’t any different from the
B. electromagnet rest of the magnet.
C. galvanometer B. They are the places where the mag-
netic force is the weakest.
D. electric motor
C. They are the places where the mag-
69. What force moves an object away from netic force is the strongest.
you? D. They are identical.
A. pull 75. What causes charges to move in a circuit?
B. push A. voltage
C. gravity B. energy
D. Jedi force C. electricity

D. magnetism
70. any magnet has two ends, each one called
76. A permanent magnet is a magnet made
a
from a material that
A. magnetic pole A. cannot be destroyed
B. north and south B. easily loses magnetism
C. magnetized end C. stays magnetic for a long time
D. none of above D. began as molten rock
71. Electricity is the flow of 77. A step-up transformer is a transformer

that increases
A. electrons
A. current
B. protons B. voltage
C. neutrons C. change
D. atoms D. none of above

1.19 magnetism 437
78. What is matter that has a definite volume 83. Which of the following is true about a bar
but no definite shape because it takes the magnet?
shape of the container?

A. Its magnetic field is strongest near its
A. solid center.
B. liquid B. It is surrounded by a magnetic field.
C. gas C. The north pole is stronger than the

south pole.
D. none of above
D. The south pole is stronger than the
79. Materials that easily loose or accept elec- north pole.
trons are considered 84. What is current consisting of charges that
A. Good conductors constantly reverse direction in a circuit?
B. Good insulators A. Direct Current
C. Good anti-static agents B. Alternating Current

C. Rotating Current
D. Good for storing charge
D. Single Current
80. What do you make if you wrap a current-
carrying wire around an iron bolt? 85. What must be true in order for magnetism
to induce an electric current in a wire?
A. electromagnet
A. There needs to be a switch in the cir-
B. electric motor cuit.
C. generator B. There cannot be a switch in the circuit.
D. none of above
C. The wire must be part of a closed cir-
81. A force where two forces of equal size, act cuit.
on a body, in opposing directions is known D. The wire must be part of an open cir-
as cuit.
A. Friction
86. Turning a piece of non-magnetic material
B. Balanced Force into a magnet is a process known as
C. Unbalanced Force A. magnetism
D. none of above B. magnetization
C. magnetic field lines
82. Why is the measured weight of a remain-
ing product less than its reactants when a D. magic
gas is produced?
87. What do we call two plates pushing to-
A. Gas has mass and when it leaves the gether?
substance is lighter A. divergence
B. Gas weighs more B. convergence
C. Gass weighs less C. illumination
D. the reactants make it weigh less D. sublimination

1.19 magnetism 438
88. What do you call the region of space af- 94. What helped create Earth’s protective
fected by Earth’s magnetic field? magnetic field?
A. North and South Pole A. Earth’s Oceans
B. Magnetic Field B. The moons gravity
C. Magnetosphere C. Earth’s Core
D. A Compass D. Photons from the sun
89. The relationship between electricity and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
95. The science of inherited traits is
magnetism is called
A. scary A. genetics
B. magnet role reversal B. heredity

C. electromagnetism C. life cycles
D. magneteel D. parent organisms
90. Whether magnetic forces pull apart or 96. Which situations shows pulling as force?
push together depends on
A. catching a ball
A. magnetic force
B. kicking a stone
B. magnetic poles
C. throwing a disc
C. magnetic field
D. opening a drawer
D. magnetic field lines
91. What device transforms electrical energy 97. Opposite magnetic poles
into mechanical energy? A. Attract
A. Generator B. Repel
B. Transformer C. Push on one another
C. Electric Motor D. Do not affect each other
D. Compass
98. What type of device converts mechanical
92. Earth’s magnetism is related to the circula- energy into electrical energy?
tion of molten material within Earth’s
A. solenoid
A. magnetic field
B. electric motor
B. repel
C. transformer
C. core
D. generator
D. parallel
93. The natural shape or feature of Earth’s sur- 99. An object that is positively charged con-
face is a tains more protons than electrons.
A. platue A. True
B. landform B. False
C. hill C. I need more information
D. mountain D. none of above

1.19 magnetism 439
100. Which two metals will be attracted by a C. information

magnet? D. conclusion

A. iron and steel
106. What subject is attracted to a magnet?
B. gold and silver
A. Silver
C. aluminum and lead
B. Water
D. copper and cobalt
C. Metal
101. An invisible force or field caused by the D. Iron
unique properties of certain types of mate-
rials. 107. Which of the following is non-magnetic?
A. Magnetic domains A. nail clipper
B. Magnetization B. paper clips
C. Magnetic field C. sneakers
D. Magnetism D. scissor
102. What is a coil of wire with a current in 108. A group of atoms that has all like poles
it? pointing in the same direction are called
A. Electromagnet A. magnetic forces.
B. Solenoid B. magnetic fields.
C. Generator C. magnetic domains.
D. Transformer D. magnetic poles.
103. Which of the following must be true for 109. All magnets have 2
charges to flow through a circuit?
A. fields
A. The circuit must be open.
B. colors
B. The circuit must be closed.
C. poles
C. The circuit must have a switch.
D. all of the above
D. The circuit must have an insulator.
110. A device that increases or decreases volt-
104. A magnetic Field lines around a bar mag- age
net spread out from one pole and
A. direct current
around to the other
A. go B. compass
B. curve C. generator
C. stop D. transformer
D. none of above 111. The two poles on a magnet are
105. the outcome or effect of an experiment A. north and east

are the B. north and west
A. outcome C. south and north
B. results D. south and west

1.19 magnetism 440
112. Which shows a contact force? C. Electromagnet

A. an apple falls from a tree D. Magnet
B. a pencil dropped on the floor 118. What is the end of a magnet called?
C. a needle found using a magnet A. Magnetic Pole
D. a man pushing a cabinet
B. Magnetic Field
113. What is Electricity? C. Magnetic Force
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Something Electric D. Magnetic Declination
B. Movement of an electric charge
119. Which part of a circuit is responsible for
C. A static thing that is very fast “pushing” charges around a circuit?
D. Electrons and Protons A. Electrical devices
114. Earth’s magnetic field deflects (reflects B. Power source
away) C. The wire
A. solar winds D. None of the above
B. solar power
120. show the presence of a magnetic field.
C. ultraviolet light They are invisible lines that spread out
D. infra-red radiation from the North Pole, curve around the
magnet, and return to the South Pole.
115. Direction:Identify the effect of force in
A. magnetic field
the given situation.A volleyball player
blocks the incoming ball from the side of B. magnetic field line
the opponent. C. magnetic pull
A. direction D. magnetic force
B. shape
121. Where is the strongest force of a magnet
C. size present?
D. motion A. the ends
116. A push or pull is known as a B. the middle
A. force C. its equal everywhere
B. Newton (N) D. none of above
C. Juole (J) 122. A magnet that requires electricity to turn
D. none of above it on or off, or a magnet that is only a mag-
net when in contact with another magnet
117. What is the name of a magnet that stays is a
magnetic only while it touches a perma-
nent magnet, or one that is magnetic for A. permanent magnet
a very short time B. temporary magnet
A. Temporary magnet C. indecisive magnet
B. Permanant magnet D. none of above

1.19 magnetism 441
123. The strength of an electromagnet can be 128. Choose the vocabulary word that
affected by matches this definition:an object that at-
tract iron

A. changing the current in the wire
A. conductor
B. changing the space between the wires
B. static electricity
C. all of the above C. magnet

D. circuit
129. A measure of electrical potential energy
124. Which correctly shows the first two steps is known as
in the Scientific Method?
A. watts
A. question, research
B. amps
B. hypothesis, conclusion C. volts
C. results, conclusion D. ohms
D. question, experiment
130. Two magnets move away from each
other. What happens to the magnetic at-
125. Increasing the number of coils in an elec-
traction between them as they become fur-
tromagnet will the strength of the
ther apart?
magnet.
A. It decreases
A. decrease
B. it increases
B. increase
C. it becomes zero
C. not affect
D. it does not change
D. none of above
131. The Earth produces its own field.
126. A magnet is attracted to a soup can be- A. spectrum
cause the can has
B. electric
A. a South pole. C. magnetic
B. a North pole. D. progressive
C. a magnetic field.
132. Every magnet, regardless of its shape,
D. iron in it. has two poles
A. Magnetic
127. A science lab has copper wire coasted
with rubber tubing, a plastic vial, and a B. entergetic
pair of cotton gloves. Which of these ma- C. increased
terials is not an electrical insulator?
D. none of above
A. copper wire
133. I am the measure of how difficult it is for
B. cotton gloves electrons to flow through a material.
C. plastic A. conductor
D. rubber tubing B. resistor

1.19 magnetism 442
C. resistance 139. The needle of a compass always points

to which direction?
D. static discharge
A. south
134. An object with equal amounts of positive B. east
and negative charge is electrically
C. west
A. neutral
D. north
B. charged
140. Which of these generate electricity?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. positive
A. chemical energy (batteries), heat
D. negative
B. solar, water, wind energy
135. The region around a magnet where the C. generator, natural gas, coal
magnetic force is exerted is known as its D. All of the above
A. magnetic pole 141. Earth’s magnetic field protects us from
B. lodestone
C. magnetic field A. meteorites
D. magnetic domain B. the moon crashing into Earth
C. Solar winds and solar radiation
136. is the attraction or repulsion of mag- D. The atmosphere from escaping into
netic materials. Earth
A. magnetism
142. An electric motor transforms into me-
B. magnetic shield chanical energy.
C. magnetic pull A. electrical energy
D. magnetic force B. magnetic field
C. core
137. A certain group of plants or animals that
can only reproduce among themselves are D. attract
a 143. What is the BEST example of a conduc-
A. ecosystem tor?
B. genetic family A. A wooden block
B. A ceramic mug
C. species
C. A glass cup
D. animal kingdom
D. A metal bowl
138. Like poles each other while unlike
144. A device that increases or decreases volt-
poles each other
age is called a (an)
A. attract, repel A. alternator
B. repel, attract B. transformer
C. oppose, connect C. generator
D. none of above D. turbine

1.19 magnetism 443
145. Items in a box are a golf ball, cotton ball, C. Electrons

and snowflake; what property connects all
D. none of above
these items?

A. they are all hard 151. What are the north and south ends of a
B. they are all white magnet called?
C. they are all man made A. borders
D. you can throw them B. tips

C. caps
146. How is Earth’s magnetic field similar to
that of a magnet? D. poles
A. It is hundreds of miles long
152. Magnetic field lines are strongest at
B. It has north and south poles
A. the center
C. It is made in Earth’s core
B. the south pole
D. It is shaped like a horseshoe
C. the north pole
147. A contact force that opposes motion. It D. both of the poles
acts in opposite direction of the applied
force. 153. I am a positive or negative charge (refer-
A. Gravity ring to both protons and electrons)
B. Force A. proton
C. Friction B. neutron
D. none of above C. ion
148. How many poles does a magnet have? D. electron
A. 1 154. Samuel Morse, the inventor of the tele-
B. 2 graph had a problem. How can he increase
C. 3 the strength of the electromagnet in his
telegraph?
D. 4
A. use thinner wire
149. The judgment reached after the experi- B. add more d-cells
ment is the
C. add a switch
A. observation
D. wind fewer wraps of wire around core
B. results
C. conclusion 155. How is Earth’s magnetic field produced?
D. analysis A. From the solid iron core
150. Positive charges that are bound or stuck B. From the motion of swirling iron in the
to the nucleus of an atom core
A. Protons C. From the magnetic pull of the Sun
B. Neutrons D. From the magnetic pull of the moon

1.19 magnetism 444
156. Magnetism is generated by moving B. Decreases

A. protons. C. Stays the Same
B. electrons. D. none of above
C. neutrons.
162. What is a complete path through which
D. elements. electric charges can flow called?
157. What device transforms mechanical en- A. magnetic pole
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ergy into electrical energy? B. electric circuit
A. Generator C. electric resistance
B. Transformer D. magnetic field
C. Electric Motor
163. Any device that uses electricity Exam-
D. Compass ples:light bulb, buzzer/alarm, motor
158. Which change would result in a stronger A. energy source
generator (aka electromagnet)? B. electrical device
A. reducing the number of batteries C. electrical circuit
B. increasing the voltage of the battery D. none of above
C. substituting another metal for the iron
core 164. The property that attracts iron and
steel.
D. decreasing the number of coils around
the iron core A. magnetism
B. electricity
159. For attracting magnets, the way to in-
crease potential energy within their field, C. north pole
you should D. south pole
A. move them closer together
165. Choose the correct word to fill the gap:
B. pull them apart is an object’s ability to attract certain
C. spin them around metals
D. drop them A. magnetism
B. magnetic
160. All of these are examples of conductors
except C. magnet
A. wooden ruler D. magnetite
B. paper clip 166. What is a tool that measures the force
C. metal key or weight used to move an object or living
thing? Measures in Newtons (N)
D. copper penny
A. triple beam balance scale
161. As the distance between two magnets in-
creases (they get farther apart), the force B. spring scale
between them: C. digital scale
A. Increases D. barometer

1.19 magnetism 445
167. solenoid-a coil of with a C. four

A. wire with a current D. five

B. current with a current 173. Arrows in a magnetic field will form
C. magnets with a current loops around a magnet from the pole
D. magnets with a source of light to the pole.
A. open, south, north
168. A paper clip is an example of a:
B. closed, south, north
A. magnetic material
C. closed, north, south
B. permanent magnet
D. open, north, south
C. bar magnet
D. insulator 174. An action that is learned through trial and
error or is brought about by the environ-
169. Permanent magnets can be demagnetized ment is a behavior.
by them past the Curie point (approx- A. automatic
imately 1, 060 ◦ F).
B. acquired
A. heating
C. genetic
B. freezing
D. learned
C. shaking
D. solidifying 175. Newton’s Cradle shows how energy is
conserved as it changes
170. You have created a circuit to power a
A. shape
light. You add another battery to the cir-
cuit. What happens to the light? B. form
A. it burns out C. energy
B. it gets dimmer D. image
C. it gets brighter 176. Ancient people discovered magnetic rocks
D. both lights go out called lodestone. What did they use them
for?
171. Increasing the number of loops in a
A. to start fires
solenoid will cause the strength of its mag-
netic field to B. compasses
A. decrease C. sculptures
B. stay the same D. telephone receivers
C. increase 177. A complete, unbroken path through which
D. none of above electric charges can flow is a (an)
172. A transformer contains coils of wire A. electric circuit

wrapped around a(n) iron core. B. electrical resistance
A. two C. magnetic field line
B. three D. magnetic pole

1.19 magnetism 446
178. When protons and electrons have an elec- 183. Materials that have great resistance to
tric force that attracts or repels (pushes or the flow of charge are known as
pulls) it creates an A. conductors
A. electric field B. insulators
B. magnetic field C. metals
C. insulator D. polymers
D. conductor
NARAYAN CHANGDER
184. What do two poles of the same do when
they are together?
179. Electrical insulators have resistance
to the movement of electrons. A. don’t go together
B. uses force
A. high
C. go together
B. low
D. push away from each
C. no
D. none of above 185. What matter is attracted to a magnet?
A. Silver
180. Which type of magnet does not lose it’s B. Water
magnetic properties easily.
C. Metal
A. a permanent magnet
D. Iron
B. an electromagnet
186. Iron, Nickel and cobalt are all materi-
C. a temporary magnet als
D. a nail rubbed across the north pole of A. Shiny
a magnet
B. poles
181. One part of a freely swinging magnet al- C. magnetic
ways points D. cold
A. east
187. A controlled experiment is one in which
B. to Earth’s geographic north pole variable(s) is/are being tested.
C. toward Earth’s core A. 1
D. to Earth’s magnetic pole in the North- B. 2
ern Hemisphere C. 3
182. What is a device that immediately D. multiple
changes a circuit from complete to incom-
188. the of an object is the force acting on
plete?
the object due to gravity
A. a insulator A. weight
B. a conductor B. mass
C. a switch C. volume
D. a breaker D. none of above

1.19 magnetism 447
189. The distance between geographic north B. Electric Motor

and where a compass needle points is
C. Generator
called:

D. Compass
A. Magnetic Field
B. Magnetic Declination 195. What is a material called that attracts
C. Magnetic Distance iron and materials that contain iron?
D. Magnetic Force A. domain
190. A circuit has only one path for cur- B. aurora

rent. C. magnetic field
A. series D. magnet
B. parallel
196. Generators are devices that convert
C. perpendicular
energy into energy.
D. dual
A. chemical; mechanical
191. What is the relationship between electric- B. mechanical; electrical
ity and magnetism?
C. electrical; mechanical
A. Electroinduction
B. Electromagnetology D. potential; kinetic
C. Electromagnetism 197. A magnetic force is a

D. Magnetinduction A. push
192. What happens to opposite poles in a mag- B. pull
net?
C. invisible field
A. They repel.
D. all of the above
B. They have no effect on each other.
C. They attract. 198. A material that does not allow electrons
to move freely matches which term?
D. They sometimes repel and sometimes
attract. A. electric circuit
193. Moving a permanent magnet through a B. electric current

coil of wire will C. insulator
A. demagnetize the magnet D. conductor
B. the wire will become an electromagnet
199. The area of magnetic force around a mag-
net.
C. the magnet will become electrified
D. a current will be generated in the wire A. Magnetic Field
B. Magnetic Pole
194. What device uses the process of electro-
magnetic induction? C. Element
A. Transformer D. Temporary Magnet

1.19 magnetism 448
200. Work is done when C. magnetic pole

A. a force is applied and the object or liv- D. magnetic domain
ing thing moves a distance
206. What do magnets stick to?
B. an object or person moves
A. copper
C. an object doesn’t move B. wood
D. a force is applied and an objecct or per- C. iron
son doesn’t move
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. plastic
201. How is magnetic force represented in a 207. What can you make visible by sprinkling
magnetic field diagram? iron filings around a magnet?
A. Using random lines. A. the areas called domains
B. Drawing squares. B. the magnetic forces
C. Arrows pointing direction. C. the north and south poles
D. Coloring D. the magnetic field lines
202. Which of these objects is magnetic? 208. What is the main element to make a mag-
net?
A. a baseball
A. Carbon
B. an apple
B. Gold
C. a dumbbell
C. Oxygen
D. a jacket
D. iron
203. A magnet is
209. process of turning a non-magnet into a
A. To push away magnet
B. A force created by magnets that pulls A. magnetic force
some metals B. magnetic field
C. To Pull towards C. magnetization
D. An object able to pull some metals to- D. magnification
wards itself
210. What can demagnetize a magnet?
204. When two magnetic North poles are A. high altitudes
brought close to each other, they will
B. high temperatures
A. attract
C. low altitudes
B. repel
D. low temperatures
C. create sparks
211. A (an) is a coil of wire that has a cur-
D. cancel each other out rent.
205. In science, refers to the properties A. solenoid
and interactions of magnets B. direct
A. magnetism C. core
B. magnetic field D. parellel

1.19 magnetism 449
212. What happens to magnetic force as the C. step-up, decrease

distance between two magnetic poles de-
D. step-down, increase
creases? (the two magnets are getting

closer) 218. a generator uses in a magnetic field
A. It increases to produce current.
B. It decreases A. motion
C. It stays the same B. mechanical energy
D. It depends on the circumstances C. energy
213. A device that measures small currents D. electric current
A. solenoid
219. Magnetic field lines point
B. electromagnet
A. north to south
C. galvanometer
B. south to north
D. electric motor
C. from end to middle
214. What is it called “maglev”? D. from middle to end
A. Magnetic levitation train.
220. Which of the following devices uses a
B. Levitation magnetic ball.
simple magnet?
C. Magnetic levitation airplane.
A. galvanometer
D. Magnetic levitation battleship.
B. handheld compass
215. Which of these will not move a domain C. electric motor
out of line?
D. ear bud
A. dropping a magnet
B. hitting a magnet hard 221. is a(n) shaft with a set of blades that
C. heating a magnet spins when a pressurized fluid strikes the
blades.
D. blowing on a magnet
A. Electric generator
216. Magnets will stick to refrigerator doors B. Direct current
because the doors are
C. Alternating current
A. Painted with plastic.
D. Turbine
B. Made of metal.
C. Easy to open. 222. When a wire moves up or down repeat-
D. Heavy. edly in a an alternating current is in-
duced in the wire
217. Before electric current enters your home, A. magnetic field
a(n) transformer the voltage of the
current to 120 V. B. Dc
A. step-up, increase C. iron
B. step-down, decrease D. none of above

1.19 magnetism 450
223. When a(n) is supplied to the motor, B. positive, and the charge on an electron
the unlike poles of the permanent magnet is negative
and the electromagnet attract each other, C. the same as the charge on an electron
causing the motor to turn.
A. magnetic force D. can change according to the situation
B. electric current
229. Which unit is used to measure resis-
C. commutator
tance?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. magnet
A. volts
224. Which of the following object has the B. charges
most force?
C. amperes
A. notebook
D. ohms
B. pencil
230. The magnetic field lines around a bar mag-
C. school bag
net
D. none of above
A. are perfectly straight
225. How long does an electromagnet remain B. are only perpendicular to the magnet
a magnet?
C. spread out from one pole and curve
A. Its effects are permanent. around to the other
B. Its effects are temporary. D. cross back and forth over one another
C. It is a magnet only when the electric
current is flowing. 231. Gravity and magnetic forces are alike be-
cause
D. Answers 2 and 3 are correct.
A. They are both contact forces
226. What are the 3 ferromagnetic elements? B. They both get stronger as distance in-
A. copper, nickel, iron creases
B. iron, aluminum, copper C. They are both non-contact forces
C. nickel, iron, cobalt D. They both increase with mass
D. iron, cobalt, copper
232. To complete a circuit the switch must be
227. when electrons all spin in the same direc- A. unattached
tion, they create an invisible force known
B. open
as
C. closed
A. electricity
D. none of above
B. magnetism
C. motor 233. Which item is magnetic?
D. electrons A. iron
228. The charge on a proton is B. paper
A. negative, and the charge on an elec- C. plastic

tron is positive D. pennies

1.19 magnetism 451
234. Which of the following is NOT an exam- 239. Which of the following describes the law
ple of a field force? of conservation of energy?

A. Gravity pulling on a falling apple A. Energy increases when it is trans-
ferred
B. A magnet attracting a steel ball
B. When energy is conserved, it always
C. A man pushing a car
changes form
D. Electrically charged balloon pulling
C. Energy can only be released through
hair
transformation
235. What natural disaster happens when tec- D. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
tonic plates move?
240. Kelly wants to start a science club that
A. valcano
investigates the interactions between elec-
B. tsunami trical energy and magnetism. What is the
C. earthquake main process that this club will investi-
gate?
D. tornato
A. electromagnetism
236. According to one of Newton’s Laws, for B. electric charge
every action, there is a(n) and oppo-
site reaction. C. electronic devices
A. equal D. electrical safety
B. greater 241. Earth’s core is made out of

C. smaller A. liquid iron
D. even B. fire
237. What word best fits this definition:A de- C. liquid fire
vice which converts electrical energy into D. solar energy
mechanical energy usually through the ro-
tation of an electromagnet in the field of a 242. A (an) is the region of magnetic force
stationary magnet. around a magnet.
A. armature A. magnetic field
B. system B. domain
C. motor C. circuit
D. electromagnet D. core
238. Which of the following is a contact 243. Negative charges that are free and spin
force? around the nucleus of an atom
A. gravity A. electrons
B. friction B. neutrons
C. magnetism C. protons

1.19 magnetism 452
244. Any magnet has two ends, each one 250. When the current in an electromagnet in-
called a(n) creases, what does its magnetic field do?
A. magnetic field A. changes direction
B. magnetic force B. gets stronger
C. magnetic pole C. gets weaker
D. magnetic shield D. does not change
NARAYAN CHANGDER
245. The basic building blocks of matter that 251. The Earth’ magnetic declination is
make up everyday objects. A. It is the angle between the geographic
A. atoms poles with the magnetic poles.
B. electrons B. They are magnetic waves that protect
our planet from solar radiation.
C. protons
C. They are the points near to theExtremi-
D. neutrons ties of the axis Earth’s rotation, North and
246. A (an) is a strong magnet that can be South.
turned on and off. D. none of above
A. core 252. Which of these materials could you make
B. parallel a magnet from?
C. electromagnetic A. iron
D. electrical energy B. plastic
C. wood
247. Which object would a magnet attract?
D. glass
A. a glass bottle
B. a piece of paper 253. In an induced magnet, the are
aligned.
C. a steel paper clip
A. electric currents
D. a rubber eraser
B. magnetic domains
248. A material that attracts iron and materi- C. electrons
als that contain iron is called
D. iron filings
A. Magnetic Domains
254. The magnetic force exerted in the region
B. Magnetic Fields
around a magnet is known as its
C. Auroras
A. magnetic field.
D. Magnets
B. magnetic domain.
249. Smooth surfaces produce C. magnetic pole.
A. more friction D. magnetic identity.
B. less friction 255. What is the flow of electricity along a
C. no friction path?
D. none of above A. path

1.19 magnetism 453
B. load 261. A temporary magnet

C. current electricity A. keeps its magnetism for a long time

D. charge B. cannot be destroyed
C. easily loses its magnetism
256. Which way will NOT increase the
strength of the magnetic field of an elec- D. has two north poles
tromagent
262. Electrically neutral particles
A. increasing the current
A. repel
B. using a stronger ferromagnetic core
B. attract
C. winding the coils closer together
C. have no force
D. decreasing the number of loops
D. none of above
257. A magnet sticks to your refrigerator.
263. Which of these situations shows the least
What does this tell you about the magnetic
effect of gravitational force on an object?
fields of the fridge and the magnet?
A. a clip that fell from the hair
A. Their magnetic fields are not strong.
B. a jackfruit fell from a tree
B. They have the same poles.
C. a book dropped on the floor
C. They have opposite poles.
D. a pencil was pushed at the end of a ta-
D. They have no iron in them. ble
258. The magnetic field of the Earth 264. The is the energy that flows from
A. reaches from the core all the way out the battery, through the wire in it’s path
into space. through the circuit.
B. is only at the North pole. A. Electric Current
C. is only at the South pole. B. Conductor
D. reaches from the core to the surface C. Electromagnet
of the Earth where it stops. D. Insulator
259. Which poles on the earth change? 265. declination is
A. the North and South A. the area of magnetic force around a
B. the magnetic poles magnet
C. the geographic poles B. angle between the geographic north
and the north to which a compass points
D. the telephone poles
C. navigation device whose magnetized
260. The process of transferring charge by needle always points north
touching or rubbing
D. map the invisible field around a mag-
A. Induction net
B. Conduction 266. what forms when Earth’s liquid core
C. Friction moves
D. Conductor A. south pole

1.19 magnetism 454
B. aurora 272. What is known as the difference between

the earth’s magnetic pole and its geo-
C. North Pole
graphic pole?
D. magnetic field A. magnetic declination
267. The area of a magnet where the magnetic B. magnetic difference
force is the strongest. C. geographic decline
A. Magnetic Field D. geographic increase
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Magnetic Pole 273. Magnets attracts what kind of matter?
C. Element A. penny
D. Temporary Magnet B. plastic

C. iron
268. The type of current produced by a battery D. wood
is
274. where is the magnetic force strongest
A. direct current at?
B. alternating current A. the poles
C. magnetic current B. the fields
D. induced current C. the tip
D. the center
269. A must be replaced after too much
current in it causes it to melt. 275. Magnetism is a type of
A. fuse A. force
B. book
B. increase
C. plant
C. repel
D. animal
D. parallel
276. What is the purpose of a switch in an elec-
270. Static electricity is when tric circuit?
A. to allow the circuit to be opened or
A. electrons are at rest
closed
B. objects are rubbed together B. to change the direction of the current
C. All of the above C. to provide a push for the current
D. none of above D. to increase the electric power to the
load
271. What is the attraction or repulsion be-
tween magnetic poles called? 277. Another example of chemical energy
changing into thermal energy is
A. Magnetic Pole
A. the human body processing food
B. Magnetic Field B. running a lap around the track
C. Magnetic Force C. eating
D. Magnetic Declination D. sleeping

1.19 magnetism 455
278. This electrical device converts electrical 283. Which of these forces works only by com-
energy to mechanical energy (kinetic). It bining electric and magnetic forces?
contains an electromagnet that rotates be-

A. Magnetic
tween the poles of a magnet producing mo-
tion because like poles repel and opposite B. Electric
poles attract. C. Electromagnetism
A. electric motor D. none of above
B. generator 284. All permanent magnets have two
C. turbine A. magnetic charges
D. bell/buzzer B. magnetic fields
C. magnetic needles
279. Magnets have a north and a south
D. magnetic poles
A. shape
B. color 285. What are tiny particles that carry units
of electricity?
C. pole
A. static electricity
D. region
B. electric charges
280. Any material that attracts iron and mate- C. positively charged
rials that contain iron D. negatively charged
A. maglite
286. materials that fewrromagnets may be
B. Magnet made from
C. magnetism A. soft iron
D. electricity B. iron and cobalt
C. alnico
281. What kind of energy does bacteria and
fungi help transform? Hint:they help D. none of above
break down things
287. Solar wind is
A. mechanical
A. the wind coming from the sun that per-
B. thermal meates movement of trees
C. chemical B. the continuous flow of atoms around
the Earth
D. solar
C. the continuous flow of charged parti-
282. A current consisting of charges that flow cles from the sun that permeates the solar
in one direction only is called a(an) cur- system
rent. D. none of above
A. increase
288. Which are examples of nonrenewable
B. domain sources of energy.
C. core A. coal, oil, hydroelectricity, and nuclear
D. direct B. oil, coal, nuclear, and natural gas

1.19 magnetism 456
C. natural gas, oil, tidal, nuclear 294. In unmagnetized objects, the magnetic
domains
D. coal, nuclear, solar, oil
A. Are in random directions
289. Which of the following are ferromagnetic B. In one straight direction
materials?
C. Two different directions
A. iron D. None of the above
B. cobalt
295. the type of current that is used in outlets
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. nickel A. apparating current
D. ALL OF THESE B. diverting current
C. AC
290. A maglev train floats above its rails due
to D. DC
A. atraction 296. Magnetism is a force of that occurs
between two objects.
B. deceleration
A. attraction or repulsion, magnetic
C. repulsion
B. external or internal, magnetic
D. none of above
C. external or repulsion, electronic
291. Magnets REPEL each other with D. attraction or internal, electronic
A. same charge 297. A simple electromagnet can be made with
B. opposite charge (different pole) which of the following?
A. an electric current
C. They cannot repel each other
B. a turbine and nail
D. none of above
C. a nail, a wire, and a battery
292. What is a permanent magnet? D. a compass and a battery
A. Has magnetic properties for a long 298. What is a crack in the Earth’s crust where
time pressure builds up during an earthquake?
B. is magnetized by an electric current A. plate techtonics
C. is not magnetized B. a fault
D. does not have a north or south pole C. volcano

D. epicenter
293. a compass can be used to find directions
because its needle lines up with the Earth’s 299. An alternating current consists of charges
poles. that
A. turn on and off repeatedly
A. domain
B. move back and forth in a circuit
B. magnetic
C. flow in one direction only
C. aurora
D. flow in one direction in some devices
D. direct and change direction in others

1.19 magnetism 457
300. The atmosphere creates air for breathing, B. matter

while the protects Earth from the Sun’s C. mass
particles.

D. volume
A. magnetic field
B. temperature 306. Earth’s magnetic field and a bar magnet
both attract particles to the same locations.
C. atmosphere
Where are they?
D. water
A. the middle
301. A grouping of atoms that have their mag- B. all around the outside
netic fields lined up in the same direction
is called a(n) C. the North and South poles
A. magnetic field D. first to the middle, then to the ends
B. magnetic domain 307. Magnetic declination depends on
C. magnetic pole A. the type of compass
D. magnetic identity B. time of year
302. Which best describes electromagnetism? C. amount of magnets near by
A. the electrical component of a magnet D. location on earth’s surface
B. the flow of electric charges between
308. If there are two forces going in the
two magnets
same direction how would you find the net
C. the interaction between electrical en- force?
ergy and magnetism
A. Subtract
D. the flow of a magnetic field between
electrons B. Add
C. Neither
303. What is matter that has no definite vol-
ume? D. Multiply
A. solid 309. All magnets, regardless of shape or size,
B. liquid have pole(s).
C. gas A. 1
D. none of above B. 2
304. The flow of electricity in a circuit- C. 3
A. current D. 4
B. flow 310. What are the three non-contact forces
C. circuit we’ve talked about in our class?
D. none of above A. magnetism, electricity, planets
B. gravity, electrons, magnetism
305. What is the measurement of how much
matter an object contains? C. gravity, magnetism, electricity
A. weight D. electricity, planets, magnets

1.19 magnetism 458
311. What is the magnetic attraction or repul- C. Increasing the temperature of the
sion of a magnet called? magnet
A. the magnetic domain D. Putting the magnet in the refrigerator
B. the magnetic field
317. Like charges
C. the magnetic pole
A. attract
D. the magnetic force
B. repel
312. The flow/movement of electric charges
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. have no force
A. Voltage
D. none of above
B. Resistance
C. Current 318. When two magnets pull apart or push to-
D. Circuit gether it is called
A. magnetic force
313. A induced or temporary magnet is
B. magnetic poles
A. A magnet that always keeps its mag-
netism C. magnetic field
B. A magnet found in nature. D. magnetic field lines
C. A magnet that gives off a magnetic
force for a period of time. 319. Magnetic force between two magnets
gets weaker the more between them.
D. none of above
A. distance
314. All of these are examples of insulators
B. attraction
except
A. plastic fork C. metal
B. glass marble D. light

C. rubber band 320. a device that uses electric current to turn
D. aluminum can the blades of a blender is an example of
a(n)
315. Sometimes the north and south poles of
atoms in a material will line up. What is A. electric motor
the term for the region where this occurs? B. galvanometer
A. domains C. electric current
B. ferromagnetic D. none of above
C. magnetic field
321. Which of the following materials is an
D. magnetic pole
electrical insulator?
316. Which of the following does NOT cause A. aluminum
the domains of a magnet’s atoms to lose
alignment? B. gold
A. Dropping the magnet C. rubber
B. Hitting the magnet too hard D. steel

1.19 magnetism 459
322. If a substance has a higher number of C. electromagnetism

electrons than protons on its surface, what D. solenoid
type of charge does it have?

A. A positive charge. 328. tiny particles that have a negative
charge
B. A negative charge.
A. protons
C. A neutral charge
B. neutrons
D. No charge at all
C. electrons
323. Magnetic poles that are unlike D. circuits
A. attract each other
329. The scientific name for the natural phe-
B. repel each other nomenon known as the Northern Lights is
C. do not interact
D. point in the same direction A. Aurora Borealis
B. Aurora Australis
324. Which of the following is not a DC
source? C. Anthophila
A. batteries D. Felis catus
B. solar cells 330. changes the voltage of a(n) alternat-
C. generators ing current.
D. wall sockets A. Electric generator

B. Direct current
325. Magnetism is
A. The part of the magnet where the force
is the strongest D. Transformer
B. A force created by magnets that pulls 331. You put 100 ml of water in a cup and
some metals weigh it. It weighs 92 grams. You freeze
it and it expands. How much does it weigh
C. To Pull towards
now?
D. An object able to pull some metals to-
A. 90 grams
wards itself
B. 91 grams
326. The attraction or repulsion between mag-
C. 92 grams
netic poles is
D. 93 grams
A. magnetic field
B. magnetic attraction 332. When magnetic field lines are drawn,
how do they look?
C. magnetic pull
A. straight lines
D. magnetic force
B. criss-crossed lines like X’s
327. The angle between geographic north pole C. curved lines from N to S pole and out-
and the magnetic north pole for a location wards
A. compass D. lines extending outward in all direc-
B. magnetic declinaiton tions like drawing the Sun

1.19 magnetism 460
333. Which four events cause Earth’s surface B. The one near a power distribution cen-
to change. ter.
A. explosions, dry ice, methane, sleet C. The one near a power plant.
B. ice, wind, expansion, deposition D. The one along a highway.
C. deposition, erosion, weathering, wa- 339. Which of these characteristics is NOT in-
ter herited by humans from their parents?
D. weathering, erosion, volcanoes, earth- A. earlobes
NARAYAN CHANGDER
quakes B. behavior
334. Is baking a cake a chemical or physical C. eye color
change? D. dimples
A. chemical because you create a new 340. Earth’s magnetic north pole is where
substance
A. the magnetic field points vertically
B. chemical because it produces an odor downwards.
C. chemical because it is irreversable B. the magnetic field points vertically up-
D. All of the above wards.
C. the magnetic field points toward
335. Atoms that have a positive charge will be Alaska.
ATTRACTED to atoms with a charge.
D. the magnetic field points toward Santa
A. positive Claus’s house.
B. negative
341. What are magnetic fields?
C. neutral
A. Is created by a magnet
D. none of above
B. Is created by a wire
336. Name three insulators. C. It is a field with magnets
A. plastic, wood, rubber D. They are neutrons
B. glass, ice, paper 342. What is a PUSH or PULL of an object?
C. wood, paper, water A. Motion
D. oil, water, wax B. Force
C. Friction
337. Which of the following has characteristics
of a magnet? D. Gravity
A. the sun’s rays 343. A circuit has a current of 1.2 A. If the volt-
B. the earth age decreases to one-third of its original
amount while the resistance remains con-
C. the moon stant, what will be the resulting current?
D. the atmosphere A. 0.3 A
338. Which powerline would most likely have B. 0.4 A
the highest voltage? C. 1.2 A
A. The one supplying a residential area. D. 3.6 A

1.19 magnetism 461
344. Which is not a property of a magnet? B. The balloons will attract each other.
A. all magnets have two poles C. The balloons will become positively

B. all magnets have a force of attraction (+) charged.
or repulsion D. The balloons will pop.
C. all magnets are surrounded by a mag-
netic field 350. A horseshoe magnet has
D. all magnets can be turned off A. a battery on each end
345. Which type of energy is associated with B. two south poles
electric currents? C. two north poles
A. mechanical energy
D. a north pole and a south pole
B. electrical energy
C. magnetic energy 351. The further two magnets are apart, the
the force of magnetism.
D. geothermal energy
A. stronger
346. A force that pulls objects toward the cen-
ter of Earth. B. weaker
A. Gravity C. same
B. Force D. none of above
C. Friction
352. If two magnets stick together, they do
D. none of above what?
347. If you’re standing on Geographic south, A. repel
which direction would the compass needle
point? B. attract
A. North C. change
B. West D. retract
C. South
353. Compasses are aligned with
D. East
A. the Earth’s magnetic north pole
348. If you cut a bar magnet into 4 pieces, each
B. the Earth’s magnetic south pole
piece will
A. be either a North or South Pole C. the Earth’s geographic north pole
B. no longer be magnetic D. the Earth’s geographic south pole

C. still be a complete magnet
354. Select the SI unit for current.
D. none of above
A. ohms
349. Mrs. Davis rubbed two balloons with a B. volts
piece of wool. What will happen when the
balloons are brought near each other? C. amps
A. The balloons will repel each other. D. watts

1.19 magnetism 462
355. Over time, all the negative charges in an A. adult

object: B. parent
A. remain clustered together where they C. adolescent
were placed.
D. organism
B. spread out over a small area on the ob-
ject. 361. Which is an example of a Temporary Mag-
net?
C. spread out over a large area on the ob-
A. Electromagnet
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ject.
D. none of above B. Pencil
C. Coffee mug
356. A coil of wire with a current
D. Bar Magnet
A. solenoid
362. What type of device can increase and de-
B. electromagnet crease voltage?
C. galvanometer A. Generators
D. electric motor B. Transformers
357. And educated guess based on an observa- C. Galvanometers
tion and background knowledge is an D. Electric motors
A. educated guess 363. Gravitational pull and magnetic force are
B. observation alike because
C. inference A. Distance affect them both
D. conclusion B. Mass affects them both
C. They are both contact forces
358. Were are northern lights seen more
D. They are both affected by the type of
A. Los Angeles material
B. Northe pole
364. A circuit has a current of 2 A. If the resis-
C. Alaska tance in the circuit decreases to one-fourth
D. Hawai of its original amount while the voltage re-
mains constant, what will be the resulting
359. What must happen for an electromagnet current?
to have a magnetic field?
A. 0.5 A
A. It must be heated.
B. 2 A
B. It has to be touching another magnet. C. 4 A
C. It must be lined up with Earth’s mag- D. 8 A
netic field.
365. An atom is
D. It must be connected to an electrical
source. A. The biggest unit of mater
B. The smallest unit of matter
360. An individual life form or living thing that
can carry out its life activities on its own C. A whole of different particles
is an D. none of above

1.19 magnetism 463
366. As Earths magnetic poles moves, the C. The moon is a magnet

magnetic declination in a given location D. A huge bar magnet in the center of the
will

Earth
A. stay the same
372. The relationship between electricity and
B. change magnetism
C. evaporate A. magnetic declination
D. none of above B. electromagnetism
367. (Bonus Question 2) What are insula- C. electric motor
tors?
D. alternating current
A. Glass, Coal and copper
373. A balloon with 5 negative charges will
B. Copper, Wood and silver
have a than a balloon with 2 negative
C. Rubber, Wood and glass charges.
D. Gold, Iron and silver A. weaker magnitude
368. A is made from a material that easily B. stronger repulsion
loses its magnetism. C. stronger magnitude
A. permanent magnet D. stronger attraction
B. temporary magnet
374. When current running through a wire is
C. domain magnet placed in the field of a permanent magnet,
D. nucleus magnet A. solar energy is transformed into light
369. There are two categories of magnets; B. electrical energy is transformed into
man-made and sound
A. natural C. solar energy is transformed into me-
chanical energy
B. alnico
D. electrical energy is transformed into
C. cow
mechanical energy
D. bar
375. What is the most powerful erosion force
370. What happens when you cut a magnet in on Earth?
half?
A. wind
A. you have one north-pole and one south-
pole piece B. glacier
B. you have one north-pole piece C. water
C. you have 2 magnets D. gravity
D. you have one south-pole piece 376. An engineer is building an electrical de-
vice. She wants to use a material that will
371. What causes Earth’s magnetic field? give her the most control over the amount
A. The inner core of Earth is a magnet of electric charge that flows through a cir-
B. Liquid iron and nickel moving in the cuit. Which material should she use?
outer core A. conductor

1.19 magnetism 464
B. insulator 382. Industrial electromagnets are useful for

picking up some heavy objects. What
C. electromagnet
would objects have to be made of to be
D. tube attracted to an electromagnet?
377. The force of attraction or repulsion be- A. Plastic

tween magnetic poles is called B. Silicon
A. magnetic domain C. Iron
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. magnetic field D. Rubber
C. magnetism 383. A compass is

D. electrons A. The area of magnetic force around a
magnet.
378. A characteristic passed from parent to B. The attraction or repulsion between
offspring is magnetic poles.
A. trait C. The two Doughnut-shaped regions be-
B. inherited tween 1, 000 and 25, 000 kilometers
above Earth’s surface.
C. characteristic
D. A device that has a magnetized needle
D. offspring that spins freely.
379. This is part of an electrical circuit and 384. What type of current is induced in elec-
Opens or Closes your circuit. tromagnetic induction?
A. switch A. Alternating Current
B. circuit breaker box B. Direct Current

C. Rotating Current
C. Power box
D. Single Current
D. none of above
385. If you bring the ends of two bar magnets
380. When environments change what might together and they immediately “click” in
happen to the plants and animals that live attraction to one another, the poles are
there?
A. they either die or adapt A. north and south
B. they wither B. north and north
C. they flourish C. south and south
D. they go extinct D. none of above
386. A magnetized iron nail is called a mag-
381. What makes something magnetic?
net.
A. its weight A. permanent
B. its atoms B. temporary
C. its size C. horseshoe
D. its shape D. industrial

1.19 magnetism 465
387. is an electric current that changes di- C. resistor

rection in a regular pattern. D. none of above

393. An electric motor is a device that uses an
B. Direct current current to turn an
C. Alternating current A. mechanical current to turn an axle
D. Turbine B. electrical current to turn an axle
388. A permanent magnet is a material that C. mechanical current to turn a rod
produces a field without any mag- D. electrical current to turn a rod
netic field being present.
394. material that permanent magnets can be
A. electronic, internal
made from
B. magnetic, internal
A. soft iron
C. magnetic, external
B. iron and cobalt
D. electronic, external C. alnico
389. What is a material that does not allow D. none of above
electricity to pass through?
395. A electromagnet is
A. conductor
A. the magnetic field created by forcing
B. insulator electrons to move in different directions.
C. circuit B. An instrument to know the amount of
D. none of the above electricity on a magnet
390. Groups of atoms with aligned magnetic C. the magnetic field created by forcing
poles are called electrons to move in the same direction.
A. magnetism D. none of above
B. magnetic field 396. In a parallel circuit with three bulbs,

C. magnetic domains A. the bulbs must all be located on the
same branch
D. magnetic poles
B. there is only one path for the current
391. At the center of every atom is a core to take
called a(n)
C. current from each bulb has its own
A. element path
B. nucleus D. the overall resistance increases if a
C. electron new branch is added
D. proton 397. The push or pull between charged objects
is an
392. A material that does not allow any elec-
trons to flow through. Very high resis- A. electric force
tance. B. electric discharge
A. insulator C. electric field
B. conductor D. none of above

1.19 magnetism 466
398. Poles are C. magnetic field

A. The part of the magnet where the force D. magnetic field lines
is the strongest
404. What two poles attract to each other?
B. A force created by magnets that pulls
some metals A. north and north
C. To Pull towards B. south and south
D. An object able to pull some metals to- C. east and west
NARAYAN CHANGDER
wards itself D. north and south
399. Unit of work or Energy 405. a magnet is any material that attracts
A. Newton (N) or materials containing
B. Juole (J) A. metal
C. Meter (m) B. iron
D. Kilometer (Km) C. magnets
400. material that temporary magnets are D. copper

usually made from
406. What is magnetism?
A. soft iron
A. A force that acts at a distance and can-
B. iron and cobalt not be seen
C. alnico B. weather
D. none of above C. something that happens to gravity
401. A tiny region in a magnet where all D. none of above
the atoms are grouped together and their
poles are aligned. 407. Electric currents passing through wires
will produce a(n)
A. Domain
A. solenoid
B. North
B. magnet
C. South
C. magnetic field
D. Commutator
D. insulator
402. What part of an atom is most important
when talking about electricity? 408. A producer of offspring is a
A. neutron A. parental unit
B. electron B. species
C. proton C. parent organism
D. charge D. social stratusphere
403. Magnetic forces work in the around 409. To repel means

a magnet. A. To push away
A. magnetic force B. A force created by magnets that pulls
B. magnetic poles some metals

1.19 magnetism 467
C. To Pull towards 415. What does the switch do in a circuit?

D. An object able to pull some metals to- A. It supplies the power.

wards itself
B. It carries electricity.
410. What type of current is produced in a bat-
tery C. It opens and closes the circuit.
A. induced D. It is an insulator.
B. magnetic
C. alternating 416. Step-up transformers increase the volt-
age of the current that is produced by
D. direct in electrical power plants.
411. A(n) is a device that uses an electric A. generators
current to produce motion.
A. generator B. direct currents
B. electric motor C. alternating currents

C. electromagnet D. transformers
D. magnet
417. The shape of a magnetic field is show
412. A magnetic is a grouping of billions of
with
atoms that all have magnetic fields lined
up in the same way. A. magnetic force
A. increase B. magnetic poles
B. repel
C. magnetic field
C. circuit
D. domain D. magnetic field lines
413. What do electric generators do 418. What is Ferrous metal

A. transform mechanical energy to elec-
A. Material that have good conductor
trical energy
electric
B. transform mechanical energy to sound
B. metal consists or Chromium
C. transform electrical energy to mechan- C. Metal have non magnetic properties
ical energy
D. Metal have iron as based metal
D. transform electrical energy to poten-
tial energy
419. Electric motors are devices that convert
414. What is the easiest way to add energy energy into energy.
to matter?
A. electrical; kinetic
A. freeze it
B. mechanical; electrical
B. heat it
C. shrink it C. chemical; potential
D. expand it D. mechanical; kinetic

1.19 magnetism 468
420. What will you feel when you hold two 425. A magnetic pole is the part of a magnet
magnets together? where the magnet effect is
A. the magnets only attracting each other A. wight
B. repulsion
B. the magnets only repelling each other C. strength
D. none of above
C. the magnets either attracting or re-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
pelling each other 426. Which of these in an insulator?
D. none of above A. a copper wire
B. a silver spoon
421. The region of Earth’s magnetic field
shaped by solar winds is called C. a plastic coating on a wire
D. an aluminum coating on a wire
A. The Magnetosphere
B. Auroras 427. Why does a compass needle point
North?
C. Van Allen Belts
A. It is attracted to the North pole.
D. Sun Beams
B. It is attracted to Earth’s magnetic pole.
422. The smallest particle of an element that
has the properties of that element is a(n) C. It is attracted to the South pole.
D. None of the above.
A. proton
428. When you hold the ends of two magnets
B. domain together, the magnets repel. What does
C. atom this tell you about the poles of the mag-
nets?
D. nucleus
A. They can be forced together with
423. Because of the Earth’s Magnetic Field, we enough pressure.
can use the following to determine direc- B. They are not made of the same sub-
tion. stance.
A. stop watch C. They are opposites.
B. compass D. They are the same.
C. Google Maps
429. The continuation of life is
D. none of above
A. survival
424. Magnetic poles that are unlike ea- B. adaptation
chother C. living
A. repel D. extinction
B. attract
430. Which of these life cycles does NOT have
C. ignore 4 phases?
D. none of above A. Butterflies

1.19 magnetism 469
B. Moths 436. You can make an electromagnet stronger

by
C. Frogs
A. increasing the current through the

D. People
wire
431. An example of an insulator is B. make the iron core bigger
A. rubber C. increase the number of loops around
the core
B. copper
D. All of these
C. silver
437. What materials would a magnet at-
D. iron tract?
432. A complete circuit is a connection through A. Wooden Toothpick
which electricity can flow that includes B. Plastic straw
which of these? C. Iron Railroad spike
A. power source D. All the above
B. load 438. I keep magnetism for a short amount of
C. pathway time. What am I?
D. all of the above A. permanent magnet
B. temporary magnet
433. Like poles on a permanent magnet will
C. lines of force
A. attract each other D. magnetism
B. repel each other
439. If you break a magnet in two, you get
C. always interact
D. point in the same direction A. one north magnet and one south mag-
net.
434. A circuit has more than one path for B. two demagnetized pieces of metal
current.
C. two smaller magnets.
A. series
D. two magnets, each with only one pole.
B. parallel
440. Lightning is
C. perpendicular
A. a buildup of neutrons
D. dual B. harmless
435. It is a push or pull that acts upon an ob- C. a high-voltage electric current
ject as a result of that objects interactions D. a large discharge of static electricity
with its surroundings
441. An example of a good conductor is
A. Gravity
A. copper
B. Force B. sand
C. Friction C. plastic

1.19 magnetism 470
442. Force is measured in what unit? 447. Which of the following is NOT magnetic?
A. M A. zinc
B. Kg B. iron
C. N C. cobalt
D. none of above D. nickel
443. Both solenoids and electromagnets use 448. A device that uses a free-moving mag-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
and to produce strong magnetic netic needle to show direction is a:
fields. A. lodestone
A. coiled wires and electric current B. magnet
B. magnets and coiled wires C. compass
C. electricity and coiled rope D. magnetic field
D. none of above 449. The flow of charge is known as
444. What happens when two bar magnets re- A. static
pel each other? B. current
A. The poles of the magnets pull toward C. resistance
each other.
D. voltage
B. The poles of the magnets push away
from each other. 450. A switch can be used to open and close
an electric
C. The centers of the magnets pull to-
ward each other. A. circuit
D. The centers o the magnets push away B. domain
from each other. C. magnetic field
445. What would we call a nail that can pick D. core

up a paperclip because it is touching a mag-
451. Why shouldn’t you use the word “best”
net?
in a science experiment?
A. temporary magnet A. it is an opinion and can’t be tested
B. poles B. it isn’t a very strong word
C. force C. it can be tested
D. detector D. it is too specific
446. What type of materials are needed to cre- 452. As an electron moves, what does it make
ate an electromagnet? or cause?
A. battery, light bulb, plastic straw A. an aurora
B. battery, coil of wire, iron core B. ferromagnetism
C. generator, iron core, switch C. an electromagnet
D. switch, source of electricity, compass D. a magnetic field

1.19 magnetism 471
453. Electronic devices create magnetic fields 458. How are magnetic fields produced in an
because they electromagnet?

A. are magnets A. A battery is placed next to the iron
B. are compasses core.
C. have moving particles with electric B. Iron filings are sprinkled around the
charge iron core.
D. none of above C. An electric current is being sent
454. If you rub a glass rod with a piece of silk, through a wire
the rod becomes positively charged. This D. The iron core was placed next to an ex-
means that isting magnet.
A. friction destroyed electrons in the rod.
459. an electric motor transforms energy
into energy
B. the silk has become negatively
charged. A. electrical into mechanical
C. protons have moved to the rod. B. mechanical into electrical
D. glass attracts more protons. C. magnetic into electical
455. Powerful magnets can be created by D. electrical into magnetic
wrapping a wire around iron and running
through the wire 460. When two magnets repel, they
A. Electricity A. change color
B. Water
B. pull together
C. Heat
C. push apart
D. None of the Above
D. get colder
456. magnets have a North pole and a
South pole. 461. A battery produces what kind of cur-
A. No rent?
B. Some A. alternating
C. All B. maniacal
D. Broken
C. direct
457. If a wire with a current, which is con- D. none of above
stantly reversing directions is placed be-
tween the poles of a magnet, what will 462. A coil that is magnetized only when an
happen to the force on the wire? electric current flows through it is
A. The force will stay the same
A. a battery
B. The force will change direction repeat-
edly B. a generator
C. The force will change currents C. a conductor

D. none of above D. an electromagnet

1.19 magnetism 472
463. When two substances are mixed and one B. armature, rod, axle, brushes
disappears into the other, like powder in C. permanent magnets, communator,
water, the substance that disappeared re- axle, magnets
ally just
D. none of above
A. dissolves
B. evaporates 469. Like poles of a magnet do what?
C. condenses A. repel
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. disappears B. attract
C. nothing
464. On a bar magnet, where is the strongest
magnetic force? D. none of above
A. On the ends of the bar magnet 470. Classify strawberries, apples, and toma-
B. On the top of the bar magnet toes by their properties.
C. On the bottom of the bar magnet A. are edible, are green, are vegetables
D. The bar magnet does not have a mag- B. red in color, grow on a vine, are plants
netic field.
465. What is magnetic force? C. are edible, are fruit, grow on a vine
A. An object that attracts, or pulls on, ma- D. red in color, have seeds, are plants
terials that contain iron. 471. What will cause a decrease in the forces
B. the north and south pole of attraction between two magnets?
C. the attraction between two objects. A. Increase the size of the two magnets
D. the push and pull exerted by magnets B. Change the color of the two magnets
466. What charge does an electron have? C. Change the shape of the two magnets
A. negative (-) D. Increase the distance between the
two magnets
B. positive (+)
C. neutral or no charge (0) 472. A galvanometer is a device that measures
small
D. none of above
A. currents
467. What is static electricity caused by?
B. magnetics
A. A balance of power
C. voltage
B. A balance of positive and negative
D. none of above
charges
C. An imbalance of positive and negative 473. Which type of magnet is used to find ge-
charges ographic direction?
D. An imbalance of protons and neutrons A. Bar Magnet
468. an electric motor consists of B. Horse Shoe Magnet
A. armature, permanent magnets, com- C. Electromagnet

mutator, brushes D. Magnetic Compass

1.19 magnetism 473
474. Heating a magnet will its mag- A. date

netism. B. spin

A. strengthen C. repel
B. destroy D. attract
C. not change
480. Which of the following determines
D. none of above whether or not a material is magnetic?
475. Direction:Identify the effect of force in A. the density of the material
the given situation.A worker uses force to B. the weight of the material on Earth
make a flower pot from clay.
C. the alignment of atoms in the material
A. direction
B. shape D. the number of elements that make up
C. size the material
D. motion 481. Offspring are
476. An electromagnet’s poles may be re- A. parents
versed by: B. ancestors
A. decreasing the voltage of the coil C. young of an organism
B. increasing the number of coils D. embryo
C. changing the direction of current flow
482. This is a force exerted by magnets
D. altering the material used to make the when they attract or repecleach other and
coils caused by the motion ofelectric charges.
477. A Unit of force or weight A. gravity
A. Newton (N) B. friction
B. Juole (J) C. force
C. Meter (m) D. magnetism
D. none of above 483. What is weathering?
478. The are two doughnut-shaped re- A. The process of breaking down rocks
gions above Earth’s surface that contain into smaller pieces by wind, water, and
electrons and protons traveling at high temperature changes.
speed. B. The process in which sand and rock is
A. Van Allen belts carried by wind, water, or a glacier.
B. radiation belts C. The use of tools by meteorologists to
predict the weather.
C. aurora
D. none of above
D. magnetic domain
484. What metal has magnetic properties?
479. If two magnets are placed so that a north
pole and a south pole are facing each other, A. cobalt
they will each other. B. nickel

1.19 magnetism 474
C. iron 490. Opposition to the flow of charge is.

known as
D. All of the above
A. current
485. Paper clips and staples are attracted to B. resistance
magnets because paper clips and staples
are C. electrical potential energy
D. electrical power
A. permanent magnets.
491. Probably the most useful thing about
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. temporary magnets.
electromagnets is that they can be turned
C. magnetic materials. and
D. magnetic domains. A. on, off
B. positive, negative
486. In a series circuit with three bulbs, adding
another bulb will C. north, south
A. make the nearest bulb brighter D. on, negative
B. make some of the bulbs dimmer 492. What causes magnetism?

C. make all the bulbs brighter A. the sun
D. make all the bulbs dimmer B. moving neutrons
C. moving charges
487. gravitational potential energy is affected D. friction
by the object’s weight and the objects
A. time 493. what forms when particles from the sun
hit oxygen and nitrogen atoms
B. height
A. south pole
C. air resistance B. aurora
D. shape C. North Pole
488. Earth acts like a giant magnet because its D. magnetic field
center is made up MOSTLY of 494. If two balloons have the same charge the
A. granite balloons will
B. limestone A. repel
B. attract
C. iron
C. stay neutral
D. nickel
D. none of above
489. The learned behavior of a tree or plant
495. What are the names of the magnetic
would be
poles?
A. growing A. Positive and Negative
B. getting nutrients from soil B. North and South
C. bending away from wind C. East and West
D. withering D. Thing 1 and Thing 2

1.19 magnetism 475
496. Electrical potential energy comes from B. Motion

the difference in between two places. C. Gravity

A. wattage D. Friction
B. resistance
502. Which best describes a parallel circuit?
C. friction
A. Electricity flows along one pathway.
D. voltage
B. The flow of electricity comes from
497. Which inventions transform sound en- more than one source.
ergy into electrical energy? C. Electricity flows along more than one
A. Speaker pathway.
B. Headphones D. The flow of electricity comes from
more than 1 load.
C. Electric bell
503. How can plan roots cause weathering?
D. Microphone
A. eating away at rocks
498. an electric motor transforms
B. pushing through cracks and splitting
A. electrical energy into mechanical en- rocks
ergy
C. expanding and contracting
B. mechanical energy into electrical en- D. absorbing water
ergy
C. electricity into mechanical energy 504. The number and kind of organism that
live in an area are the
D. mechanical energy into electricity
A. biome
499. What type of equipment is used to mea- B. village
sure the current induced when a wire
C. population
passes through a magnetic field?
D. inhabitants
A. a transformer
B. a galvanometer 505. What is the force of attraction or repul-
sion of magnetic materials?
C. a generator
A. electricity
D. an insulated wire
B. magnetism
500. A balloon is rubbed all over with wool. C. energy
The balloon will now attract wool because
the balloon and wool D. electromagnetism
A. are magnets 506. In a series circuit with 4 bulbs:

B. have opposite charges A. a switch is never used
C. have like charges B. all of the bulbs become dimmer if an-
other bulb is added
D. have neutral charges
C. There are many paths for electricity to
501. What is a force that works AGAINST MO- take
TION? D. the remaining 3 bulbs stay lit if one
A. Force burns out

1.19 magnetism 476
507. Magnets ATTRACT each other with 513. What happens when iron nails are ex-
A. opposite charge (different pole) posed to a magnet?
B. same charge A. Nothing

C. They cannot attract each other B. The domains align with each other be-
come temporarily magnetic.
D. none of above
C. The domains align and become perma-
508. What is hot, liquid rock under the Earth’s nently magnetic.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
surface called?
D. The become repulsive.
A. lava
B. magma 514. What are domains like?
C. lodestone A. auroras
D. eruption B. molecules
509. A butte is C. iron filings
A. a curved rock formation, formed by a D. tiny magnets

combination of erosion forces
515. What is the law of conservation of mass
B. an isolated hill with steep, even sides, or matter?
and a flat top
A. matter can never be created or de-
C. the center of the earth stroyed, on changed or rearranged
D. the thin, rocky, outermost layer of the B. we should conserve matter to pre-
Earth serve our planet
510. A magnetic field produced by a current C. it is illegal to waste
can have its direction changed by
D. matter changes states and weighs dif-
A. Turning the current off ferently when it changes
B. Reversing the direction of the current
516. What is the region around a magnet
C. Decreasing the size of a magnet where the magnetic force is exerted?
D. none of above A. Magnetic Pole
511. What types of charges attract? B. Magnetic Field
A. Positive and Positive C. Magnetic Force
B. Positive and Neutral D. Magnetic Declination
C. Negative and Neutral
517. what is magnetism?
D. Positive and Negative
A. attraction or repulsion of magnetic ma-
512. Which material is an insulator? terials
A. gold B. attraction or repulsion of iron
B. copper C. attraction or repulsion of magnetic
C. plastic fields

1.19 magnetism 477
518. If a glass plate is placed over a mag- 523. Behaviors inherited from the parent or-
net and iron filings are sprinkled over the ganism are
glass, a pattern will be visible. What does

A. instincts
this pattern indicate?
B. natural
A. The magnetic field
C. biology
B. The electrostatic field
D. learned
C. The piezoelectric effect
524. When any object is wet it becomes a good
D. The chemical reaction of the magnet
and the filings
A. insulator
519. The Earth is a HUGE MAGNET because it’s
B. conductor
core is made of the following:
C. tool
A. gases, coal, oil (fossil fuels)
D. slippery
B. molten iron, nickel, and cobalt
C. molten volcano, nickel, and cobalt 525. Engineers are designing new trains that
use magnetic force to allow the train to
D. molten iron, uranium, and cobalt levitate above the track. What force ex-
ists between the bottom of the train and
520. The space around a magnet where the
track?
force of a magnet can attract best is called
A. attraction
A. magnetism B. repulsion
B. bar magnet C. both attraction and repulsion
C. horseshoe magnet D. No force, the train moves forward
D. magnetic field 526. Where is magnetic force strongest?
521. If you cut a magnet in half, what happens A. In the middle of the magnet
to the poles? B. North pole only
A. One half gets the North Pole, the other C. South pole only
half gets the South Pole. D. Both poles
B. Both halves get only a South Pole.
527. What is our best evidence that Earth has
C. Both halves get only a North Pole. a magnetic field?
D. Both halves get a North pole and a A. All things fall toward Earth’s center
South Pole.
B. A compass needle lines up with it
522. having a high susceptibility to magnetiza- C. Winds blow from east to west
tion
D. Earth’s oceans all have currents
A. ferromagnetic
528. Bob made an electromagnet but it was
B. magnetized
very weak. How can he make it
C. electro magnetism stronger?
D. none of above A. take away a d-cell

1.19 magnetism 478
B. wrap the wire loosely 534. Which of the following is true of a bar
magnet?
C. use thicker wire
A. Its magnetic field is strongest near its
D. use less winds
center.
529. A particle that has more protons than B. It is surrounded by a magnetic field.
electrons is C. The north pole is stronger than the
A. positively charged south pole.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. negatively charged D. The south pole is stronger than the
north pole.
C. neutral
535. In un-magnetized materials the domains
D. none of above
are aligned.
530. The regions of a magnet that exert the A. super
strongest force are called B. slightly
A. magnetism C. randomly
B. magnetic poles D. always
C. magnetic domain
536. The point on Earth’s surface directly
D. magnetic field above the focus of an earthquake is the
531. If you placed the south pole of one bar

A. core
magnet near the south pole of another bar
magnet, the two magnets would each B. center
other. C. Epicenter
A. attract D. epic center
B. cancel 537. Which is NOT an insulator.
C. repel A. Wool
D. discharge B. Plastic
532. Solve for Work:1.2N, 3m C. Copper

D. Glass
A. p.g
B. 3.6N 538. Which type of magnet loses magnetism
outside of a magnetic field?
C. 360 m
A. a strong magnet
D. 36. Aj
B. a temporary magnet
533. What is a good conductor of electricity? C. a permanent magnet
A. copper D. an electromagnet
B. glass 539. What does voltage describe?
C. plastic A. how fast current can flow
D. rubber B. how much current can flow

1.19 magnetism 479
C. how much a material resists electrical 545. Earth’s protects Earth from charged
flow particles from the Sun.

D. how fast a material conducts electrical A. magnetic field
flow B. magnetic equator
540. What is responsible for the Magnetic C. magnetic force
Field around Earth? D. magnetic pole
A. The Earth’s crust
546. This is the flow of electrons in a loop or
B. The Earth’s molton iron core circle
C. The Earth’s mantel A. electrical circuit
D. The Sun B. static electricity
541. A solenoid with a(an) core is called C. resistor
an electromagnet. D. none of above
A. ferromagnetic
547. What is the name for the center of the
B. electromagnetic earth?
C. electrical energy A. mantle
D. attract B. crust
542. What material attracts iron? C. core
A. magnet D. atmosphere
B. magnesia 548. Choose the correct word to fill the gap:It
C. magnetite is possible to a etal and make a tempo-
D. aurora rary magnet by running an electric current
through it.
543. Reagan wants to make an electric circuit. A. magnetise
She gathers wire, a light bulb, and a metal
screw. What additional item does Reagan B. magnet
need to make a complete circuit? C. magnetic
A. a battery D. magnetism
B. a switch 549. Which word best fits this definition:The
C. an insulator rotating part of a motor.
D. a conductor A. system
544. The area of force around a magnet is B. brush

known as the C. electromagnet
A. magnetic area D. armature
B. magnetic poles 550. What is an electromagnet?
C. magnetic field A. a magnet that creates an electric cur-
D. none of above rent

1.19 magnetism 480
B. a magnet created by an electric cur- 556. Magnetic Field lines

rent A. Go out of the N side and into the S side
C. a magnet that has an electric charge
D. an electric charge that is magnetic B. Go out of the S side and into the N side
551. Why are metals useful for making electri-

C. Go out of the N side AND out of the S
cal wire?
side
A. Metals do not bend.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Go into the N side AND go into the S
B. Metals hold much heat. side
C. Metals are insulators.
557. An object that has gained electrons is
D. Metals are conductors.
A. electrically neutral
552. Which of the following is an electrical in- B. negatively charged
sulator? C. positively charged
A. copper D. none of above
B. rubber
558. A negatively charged particle has
C. aluminum
A. more protons than electrons.
D. iron
B. more electrons than protons
553. What is the process of generating an elec- C. an equal number of protons and elec-
tric current from the motion of a conductor trons
through a magnetic field?
D. none of above
A. Electromagnetic Induction
559. The flow of electrons produces an
B. Magnetic Declination
A. static discharge
C. Magnetic Force
B. electric current
D. Electric Force
C. electric discharge
554. A device that transforms mechanical en- D. none of above
ergy to electrical energy is a
A. generator 560. Magnetic field lines that curve away
from each other show
B. motor
A. attraction
C. transformer
B. repulsion
D. magnet
C. compass
555. What are the parts of the magnet that is D. domains
attracted to the paper clips?
561. There is a(n) relationship between
A. the center
the strength of an electrical current and the
B. the poles strength of it’s magnetic field
C. the equator A. rocky
D. the horseshoe B. good

1.19 magnetism 481
C. inverse 567. A permanent magnet is made from a ma-

terial that
D. direct

A. keeps its magnetism for a long time.
562. Electromagnetism is defined as: B. cannot be destroyed by heat.
A. the interaction between gravity and C. easily loses its magnetism.
magnetism
D. began as molten rock on the ocean
B. the interaction between electricity and floor.
magnetism
568. Which of the following energy transfor-
C. the interaction between gravity and so- mations occur when a lamp that is plugged
lar power into a wall socket is functioning correctly?
D. the interaction between any non- A. Chemical to light
contact forces
B. Electrical to chemical
563. When two magnets attract, they C. Electrical to radiant
A. push apart D. Chemical to electrical
B. change color 569. Like electric charges each other.
C. get colder A. increase
D. pull together B. fuse
C. repel
564. The two poles are called the poles
D. series
A. east and west
570. what type of electricity is lightning
B. north and east
A. direct
C. south and west
B. indirect
D. north and south
C. copper, water, nuculer
565. The north and south poles of two mag- D. static
nets each other.
571. Which of these determines whether or
A. have no reaction to not a material is magnetic?
B. move away from A. the density of the material
C. repel B. the weight of the material on Earth
D. attract C. the alignment of atoms in the material
566. the part of an experiment that can be

D. the number of elements that make up
measured is the
the material
A. component
572. Which of the following materials will not
B. particles be attacted to a magnet
C. data A. Iron
D. variable B. copper

1.19 magnetism 482
C. nickel 578. To attract means

D. steel A. The part of the magnet where the force
is the strongest
573. Magnetic NORTH is actually geographic
B. A force created by magnets that pulls
some metals
A. SOUTH
C. To Pull towards
B. NORTH
D. An object able to pull some metals to-
C. EAST
NARAYAN CHANGDER
wards itself
D. WEST
579. What is a temporary magnet?
574. The particles that collide with atoms of A. One that is always magnetic
gases, causing the atmosphere to glow,
B. One magnet that is controlled through
forming shimmering sheets of color are
an electric current
called
C. a refrigerator magnet
A. auroras
D. Does not have a north and south pole
B. magnetic poles
C. magnetic field lines 580. is an electric current that flows in
only one direction.
D. magnetic forces
575. Magnetic Field lines around a bar mag- B. Direct current
net:
A. are perpandicular the the magnet
D. Turbine
B. spread out from north pole and curve
to south 581. What do you call two plates moving
away from each other?
C. cross back and forth over each other
A. convergence
D. are perfectly straight
B. divergence
576. What is a device that generates electric-
C. inflation
ity by combining certain chemicals?
D. submersion
A. a charger
B. a plug 582. The purpose of a switch is to:
C. a battery A. carry electricity
D. a paperclip B. turn the circuit on and off

C. provide energy
577. Arches are
D. create sound
A. isolated hills with steep, even sides
and a flat top 583. A device used to open and close an elec-
tric circuit is a (an)
B. curved rock formations, formed by a
combination of erosion forces A. light bulb
C. the center of the Earth B. energy source
D. the thine, rocky, outermost layer of the C. switch
Earth D. resistor

1.19 magnetism 483
584. Magnetic Fields are force fields created B. they get brighter
by C. they short circuit

A. Gravity D. one bulb burns out
B. Magnets
590. An example of a natural magnet is:
C. Electricity
A. Iron
D. Kinetic Energy
B. Nickel
585. if an atom contains equal numbers of pro- C. magnetite
tons and electrons, the atom is described
as being: D. Neodymium
A. electrically neutral. 591. What is the best reason for how

we know digesting food is a chemical
B. negatively-charged.
change?
C. positively-charged.
A. because it causes you to burp
D. anti-matter.
B. because you can feel the gases in your
586. An electromagnet could be found in which stomach
of the following objects? C. acids break down food and creates
A. scissors gas and new substances
B. fan D. because it goes in as food and comes
out as something else
C. refrigerator magnet
D. light bulb 592. Usually in the outer region of an atom are
tiny particles called , which carry a neg-
587. Materials that allow the charges of an ative charge.
electric current to move freely through
A. protons
them are called
B. neutrons
A. insulators
C. electrons
B. conductors
D. nucleus
C. resistors
D. magnets 593. To reverse current direction in a motor the
conducted current goes
588. Magnets can harm which of the follow- A. through the commutator to the arma-
ing: ture
A. books B. through the armature
B. computers C. through the brushes to the commuta-
C. trumpets tor
D. pencils D. in the direction of rotation
589. When you create a circuit with one light 594. What is a coil of wire with a current that
and add a second bulb, what happens to is wrapped around a core of material that
the the light? is easily magnetized?
A. they get dimmer A. Generator

1.19 magnetism 484
B. Solenoid D. They fall faster than other objects

C. Electromagnet when you drop them.
D. Transformer 600. What measures electric current?

595. Surrounding every magnet is a A. ammeter
A. magnetic field B. voltmeter
B. electrical current C. battery
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. another magnet D. ampmeter
D. none of above
601. The buildup of charges on an object is
596. As in the case of unlike magnetic poles, called
unlike electric chargesAs in the case of un- A. static discharge
like magnetic poles, unlike electric charges
B. static electricity
A. attract each other
C. positive charge
B. repel each other
C. exist in pairs D. negative charge
D. do not interact 602. When a magnetic South pole is brought

close to a magnetic North pole, the mag-
597. Which are two signs a chemical change nets will
has taken place?
A. attract
A. unusual color change, gas is produced
B. repel
B. new substance that can’t be reversed C. create sparks
C. heat is lost or created D. cancel each other out
D. All of the above
603. A is a region of space that surrounds
598. Oersted’s experiment showed that elec- a magnet and exerts force on other mag-
tric current produces a nets and objects made of magnetic materi-
als
A. Generator
B. Transformer A. magnetism
C. Magnetic Field B. magnetic field
D. Compass C. magnetic pole

D. magnetic domain
599. What characteristics do magnetic sub-
stances have? 604. An object can become electrically charged
A. They can give a “shock” when you if it gains or loses which particles?
touch them.
A. volts
B. They can push or pull objects they are
B. neutrons
not touching.
C. protons
C. They are always black and cold to
touch. D. electrons

1.19 magnetism 485
605. Opposite charges C. Generator

A. attract D. Compass

B. have no force
611. When a current is sent through a wire
C. repel that is wrapped around a nonmagnetic nail,
D. none of above what happens to the nail?
A. The nail becomes magnetic
606. An object becomes postiively charged
when which of the following occurs? B. The nail breaks
A. loses electrons C. The nail catches on fire
B. gains electrons D. Nothing happens to the nail
C. loses protons 612. Which of the following is NOT the effect
D. gains neutrons of force?
607. What happens when two north poles of A. change in size and shape
magnets are placed together? B. change in motion
A. They repel. C. change in direction
B. They attract. D. change in mass or weight
C. They cancel each other out.
613. Why are electrical cords covered in plas-
D. The strength of the magnet is doubled. tic or rubber?
608. Increasing the number of loops in a A. Because plastic and rubber are insula-
solenoid will cause the strength of its mag- tors which keeps us safe
netic field to B. because it looks nicer
A. attract
C. because all wires must have plastic or
B. series rubber
C. fuse D. because they won’t melt
D. increase
614. Which is an example of chemical to ther-
609. A permanent magnet is mal energy?
A. A magnet made of material that always A. solar panels
keeps its magnetism B. hydroelectric plant
B. A temporary magnet that gives off a C. nuclear power plant
magnetic force for a period of time.
D. compost pile of dirt and banana and ap-
C. Those which are found in nature, like ple peels used for gardening
magnetite
D. none of above 615. Which would attract?
A. North to North poles
610. What is a device that increases or de-
creases voltage? B. North to South poles
A. Electric Motor C. East to West poles
B. Transformer D. Negative and Negative charges

1.19 magnetism 486
616. A DC generator is like AC generator, that B. a magnet being attracted to a refriger-

it contains it contains a instead of slip ator
rings C. a lightning strike during a storm
A. Commutator D. a light bulb coming on when a switch
B. slip rings is turned on
C. armuator 622. Which object can a student move through
D. none of above a coil of copper wire to produce an electric
NARAYAN CHANGDER
current in the wire?
617. When two reactants are combined to A. battery
form a chemical reaction the material
B. magnet
formed is the
C. steel rod
A. product
D. litmus paper
B. result
C. conclusion 623. A glowing region caused by charged par-
ticles from the sun is called a(n)
D. formation
A. Van Allen belt
618. DC Current stands for: B. radiation belt
A. Direct Current C. aurora
B. Alternating Current D. magnetic domain
C. Diametric Current 624. lines that map out the invisible magnetic
D. Induced Current field around the magnet
A. magnetic field lines
619. the geographic pole that Earth’s magnetic
south pole is close to B. magnetic poles
A. south pole C. compass

D. map
B. aurora
C. North Pole 625. The amount of magnetic declination de-
pends on
D. magnetic field
A. what kind of compass you have
620. You can make an electromagnet stronger B. what time of year it is
by:using coils of wire
C. the amount of natural magnets around
A. bigger you
B. smaller D. your location on Earth’s surface
C. more 626. What is the region of force around a mag-
D. less net known as?
A. magnetic field
621. Which of the following is caused by static
electricity? B. magnetic pole
A. a stove getting hot when it is turned on C. magnetic domain
D. lodestone

1.19 magnetism 487
627. If two magnets push away from each 633. An electric current will always follow
other (repel), they must
A. the path of least resistance

A. have like poles facing each other
B. a path toward the north pole
B. have opposite poles facing each other
C. a path toward the south pole
C. really not like each other
D. the path that leads through insulators
D. none of above
628. Turbines can be turned by wind, , or 634. What material can you use to see the in-
steam. visible magnetic field around a bar mag-
net?
A. air
B. water A. iron filings
C. gravity B. iron chips

D. dirt C. copper filings
629. What creates the protective magnetic D. an infra-red camera

field around the Earth?
635. Traits are
A. Earth’s core
A. characteristics that determines how
B. Photons Sun
an organism looks, acts, or functions.
C. The Moon
B. the splitting of genes that create dupli-
D. Volcanoes cate characteristics
630. The scientist who discovered three laws C. things we have in common
of force and motion.
D. not inherited
A. Thomas Edison
B. Galileo 636. A refrigerator magnet is an example of
a:
C. Isaac Newton
D. Benjamin Franklin A. magnetic material
B. permanent magnet
631. How can plant roots prevent erosion?
A. by holding the soil together C. horseshoe magnet
B. by absorbing water D. temporary magnet

C. by separating rocks
637. is the Earth like a magnet?
D. by growing deep shoots
A. yes, because they both have geo-
632. a device that has a magnet on a needle graphic poles
and spins freely B. yes, because they both have magnetic
A. compass poles and fields
B. compass rose C. no, because the Earth is made of iron
C. solenoid D. no, because the Earth is made of cop-
D. a needle magnet per

1.19 magnetism 488
638. What is responsible for creating a mag- 644. This provides a source of electricity
netic field around Earth?
A. energy source
A. Earth’s crust
B. electrical device
B. Earth’s iron core
C. electric motor
C. Earth’s mantle
D. none of above
D. Earth’s atmosphere
639. Which shows a noncontact force? 645. If a magnet is placed in a magnetic field,
NARAYAN CHANGDER
what will it do?
A. The roof was blown by the wind
B. A coconut fruit fell to the ground A. Spin to align with the field arrows.
C. A metal was flattened by a hammer B. Spin randomly.

D. A boy was accidentally pushed by a girl C. Move further away.
640. Which of the following object has the D. Align with force of gravity
least force?
646. What machine is attached to a generator
A. notebook and rotates a generator to generate elec-
B. pencil tricity?
C. school bag A. wheel
D. none of above B. turbine
641. I attract iron for a short amount of time. C. axle
A. permanent magnet D. none of above
B. lines of force
647. How can the strength of an electromag-
C. temporary magnet
net be increased?
D. levitation
A. by rubbing it with a stronger magnet
642. Direction:Identify the effect of force
B. by increasing the coils of wire around
in the given situation.A rubber ball is
the iron
squeezed to fit in smaller bottle.
A. direction C. by increasing the length of the wire
from the battery
B. shape
D. by loosening the coil of wire around
C. size
the iron
D. motion
648. Which statement below is TRUE about
643. What happens to the strength of the mag-
electromagnets?
netic field of a magnet as you move farther
away from the magnet? A. They are weaker than permanent mag-
nets.
A. magnetic field gets stronger
B. magnetic field gets weaker B. They can’t be turned off.
C. magnet does not change C. They do not have magnetic fields.
D. none of above D. They can switch their magnetic poles.

1.19 magnetism 489
649. Which variable would not affect a per- 654. Electric charges that are different
son’s ability to score a free throw in a bas- each other.
ketball game.

A. series
A. amount of practice B. attract
B. how they shoot C. fuse
C. how they handle pressure D. increase
D. the size of their feet 655. Which phenomenon is most directly re-
sponsible for Earth’s magnetic field?
650. A closed path in which electric charges
A. Earth’s rotation about its axis
flow matches which term?
B. Earth’s revolution around the sun
A. electric circuit
C. the moon’s revolution around Earth
B. electric resistance
D. the moon’s gravitational pull on Earth
C. electric field
656. The material best attracted by a magnet
D. electric force is
651. Some objects that normally aren’t mag- A. silver

netic can become magnetized when con- B. copper
nected to a circuit. Items that are magne- C. iron
tized in this way are called
D. glass
A. electromagnets
657. A material that shows strong magnetic
B. electrons properties is said to be a(n) material.
C. electrochromic devices A. electron
D. permanent magnets B. proton
C. ferromagnetic
652. How do you make an electromagnet
stronger? D. domain
A. Add a motor and/or lightbulbs 658. In magnetic materials, all of the are
pointing in the same direction.
B. Add more light bulbs and/or wire coils
A. doors
C. add more wire coils and/or a switch B. electrons

C. domains
D. add more wire coils and/or batteries
D. orbits
653. Where is the force of attraction the
659. What does it mean when there is a phys-
strongest on a magnet?
ical change?
A. at the poles
A. Matter has changed size
B. in the middle B. Matter has changed shape
C. above the magnet C. Matter has changed form
D. below the magnet D. All of the above

1.19 magnetism 490
660. Direction:Identify the effect of force in 665. Which is an example of rough surface?
the given situation.A man is pushing a cart A. tiled floor
of vegetables.
B. grass land
A. direction
C. ice land
B. shape
D. none of above
C. size
666. If two magnets are placed so that two
D. motion
NARAYAN CHANGDER
poles or two poles are facing each
other, they will repel each other.
661. The Magnetic force of a material comes
from the spinning of what atomic particle A. North, South
B. external, internal
A. Proton
C. positive, negative
B. Nucleus
D. North, West
C. Neutron
D. Electron 667. If two magnets are close together, the
magnetic force will be
662. How are fireworks examples of a chemi- A. smelly
cal reaction? B. weak
A. they have an unexpected color change C. strong
D. positive
B. they produce an odor
668. Legend has it that when Newton saw an
C. the require energy apple fall from a tree, he began to think
D. All of the above about
A. the planets.
663. The South end of a Magnet will
B. the force that would later be called
A. Repel to a Copper Nail gravity.
B. Repel to the North End of another Mag- C. the best way to make apple pie.
net
D. why apples are red.
C. Repel to the South end of another Mag-
net 669. A magnet cannot not move which of the
following objects?
D. none of above
A. a paper clip
664. The rearrangement of electrons on a neu- B. a nail
tral object caused by a nearby charged ob-
C. a toothpick
ject
D. a staple
A. Induction
670. How is a permanent magnet DIFFERENT
B. Conduction
from a temporary magnet?
C. Friction
A. A permanent magnet attracts materi-
D. Conductor als made of iron.

1.19 magnetism 491
B. A permanent magnet has poles. 676. Choose the correct word to fill the
C. A permanent magnet has a magnetic gap:The mineral is a type of magnet
A. magnetic

field.
D. A permanent magnet keeps its mag- B. magnetite
netism for a long time. C. magnet
671. Smaller generators can be powered by D. magnetise
fossil fuels such as 677. The force of magnetism is stronger when
A. coal magnets are
B. oil A. cold
C. gasoline B. round
D. natural gas C. closer together
D. farther apart
672. Matter that has a definite volume and
holds its shape is a.. 678. Unlike poles of a magnet do what?
A. solid A. repel
B. liquid B. attract
C. gas C. nothing
673. Is earth a magnet? 679. Which one of these is NOT a conductor?

A. Maybe A. oil
B. No B. glass
C. Yes C. copper
D. It never was and it never will be D. water

680. Earth’s magnetic field is generated in the
674. This machine converts mechanical energy
core, which is made of that is con-
such as kinetic energy into electrical en-
stantly
ergy with the help of rotating an electro-
magnet near a magnet which allows elec- A. fire, steaming
trons to flow. B. aluminum, moving
A. electric motor C. iron, moving
B. generator D. none of above
C. electromagnet 681. Two charged particles are near each
D. none of above other, but they do not touch. Which pro-
cess is possible?
675. Which metals are attracted to magnets?
A. charging by friction
A. iron, nickel, cobalt
B. charging by induction
B. gold, silver, platinum C. charging by conduction
C. copper, magnesium, aluminum D. charging only happens between ob-
D. none of above jects that touch

1.19 magnetism 492
682. What is an observation? C. friction

A. A) finding qualitative data D. cat
B. B) finding quantitative data
688. Certain materials respond to magnetic
C. C) both A & B fields by becoming themselves. is
D. None of the above one of these materials.
A. magnetic, Plastic
683. A force where two forces acting in oppos-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ing directions on a body, are not equal in B. electronic, Iron
magnitude and in size, is known as
C. magnetic, Iron
A. Gravity
D. electronic, Plastic
B. Balanced Force
C. Unbalanced Force 689. What happens when the same poles are
pushed together?
D. none of above
A. The poles will repel.
684. Magnetic force is produced when poles
B. The poles will attract.
C. The poles will float.
A. Interact by repelling or attracting
other poles D. The poles will sink.
B. Repel other poles only
690. Where is the strongest attraction force of
C. Attract other poles only the magnet?
D. Are not moving A. at the poles
685. Which provides resistance in an electric B. in the middle
circuit? C. above the magnet
A. wire
D. below the magnet
B. light bulb
C. battery 691. What type of device converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy
D. switch
A. electric motors
686. True or False:In static electricity, charges B. generator
build up on an object, but they do not flow
continuously. C. transformers
A. True D. galvanometer
B. False
692. Which of the following is a temporary
C. 11 magnet?
D. Tuesday A. An electromagnet
687. A moves an object closer to you. B. A needle you magnetized yourself
A. push C. A magnetic rock
B. pull D. A compass

1.19 magnetism 493
693. Which of these will exert the greatest C. circuit

force as it collides with a cemented wall? D. domain

A. a push cart moving very fast
699. The magnetic field of a solenoid can be
B. a school bus moving very slowly increased by
C. a passenger bus moving very fast A. adding more loops per meter.
D. a car which almost about to stop B. increasing the current.
694. What substance is attracted to a mag- C. putting an iron core inside the coil to
net? make an electromagnet
A. silver D. all of the above
B. lead 700. What is a magnet?
C. water A. A metal that can be attracted
D. iron B. Any object which has a magnetic force
695. What makes an electromagnet

stronger? C. A mixture of different substances
A. greater number of loops D. none of above
B. smaller number of loops 701. Electromagnets Both need what?

C. decreasing the current A. They need protons and Electrons
D. decreasing the voltage B. They need magnets and electricity
C. They need electric charge and mag-
696. Which kind of magnet can be turned on
netic field
and off?
D. They need electric charge and mag-
A. magnet nets
B. temporary magnet
702. This device converts mechanical energy
C. electromagnet (kinetic) to electrical energy. It produces
D. none of the above an electrical current when the iron core
(which has a wire wrapped around it) is ro-
697. What are the original substances that tated near a magnet pulling electrons mak-
are mixed together to produce a chemical ing electricity flow.
change?
A. electric motor
A. products
B. generator
B. chemicals
C. turbine
C. reactants
D. none of above
D. mixtures
703. What relates to the structure of the Earth
698. In a (an) circuit, different parts of the and the changes that have taken place
circuit are on separate branches. over time?
A. solenoid A. biological
B. parallel B. geological

1.19 magnetism 494
C. atmospheric 709. A material in which electrons are able to

move easily
D. historical
A. Circuit
704. A magnet will attract scissors if the scis- B. Insulator
sors contain:
C. Resistance
A. copper
D. Conductor
B. aluminum
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. gold 710. When you put ring magnets on a pencil,
the magnets stay apart from each other
D. nickel because
705. Which of these is an instinct A. magnets are too weak to stay together.
A. swimming
B. material that makes up the magnets
B. migration aren’t magnetic.
C. eating C. same poles of the magnets are facing
D. sleeping each other.
D. the pencil stops the force of the mag-
706. A material that does allow electrons to nets.
flow through. Low resistance.
711. A compass points toward the south pole
A. insulator
of Earth’s magnetic field, located near the
B. conductor Earth’s geographical
C. resistor A. north
D. none of above B. south
C. east
707. What is a common color for the northern
lights D. west
A. Black 712. What direction does a compass always

B. None point?
A. south
C. Green
B. east
D. purple
C. west
708. What is the angle between geographic D. north
north and the north to which a compass
needle points? 713. Which circuit use’s more power?
A. Magnetic Declination A. Parallel
B. Magnetic Induction B. Series
C. Magnetic Field C. Line
D. Magnetic Force D. Magnetic

1.20 fossils 495
714. Masako measures a circuit at 12 V and 2 B. is lighter than the penny.

A. Using Ohm’s law, what can he calculate C. has a sharp point.
for the circuit?

D. contains iron.
A. resistance Ω
B. resistance (O) 716. Why is alternating current (AC) more use-
C. current (I) ful than direct current (DC)?
D. current Ω A. AC can be raised or lowered
B. AC can turn off by itself
715. A magnet will pick up a nail, but not a
penny because the nail C. AC can only be used in skyscrapers
A. has rust on it. D. AC only exists at low, safe levels
1.20 fossils
1. fossils can be found in tar, amber, 5. When minerals fill in a cavity that was left
deserts, and ice. when an organism decayed and harden in
A. trace the shape of the organism is which type of
fossil?
B. original remains
C. petrified A. cast
D. cast B. mold
2. What does the fossil record tell scientists C. trace

A. history of life on Earth D. petrified
B. what a fossil is
C. what it is made of 6. In which type of rock are most fossils
found?
A. igneous
3. Describe absolute age.
A. number of years that have passed B. sedimentary
since the rock formed. It provides the
C. volcanic
rock with a specific age.
B. Sedimentary Age D. metamorphic
C. Relative Age
7. Why are the soft parts of a shark’s body
D. An Intrusion not preserved in a fossil?
4. In which kind of rock do we usually find a A. They are squeezed out when the shark
fossil? is buried.
A. sedimentary rock
B. They are not made of mineral or rock.
B. rock candy
C. hard rock C. They cannot be changed to rock.
D. igneous rocks D. They rot before fossilization can occur.

1.20 fossils 496
8. If you know the age of a rock, you know 13. What takes place when moving water
the relative age of the that was found slows down?
inside.
A. evaporation
A. sticky tar
B. weathering
B. fossil
C. erosion
C. amber
D. deposition
D. ice
NARAYAN CHANGDER
9. Most fossils form when living things die 14. Which one of the following is the youngest
and are buried by that hardens into fossil?
rock over time. A. Trilobites Fossil
A. sediment
B. Haramiyid Fossil
B. ice
C. Ammonites Fossil
C. water
D. Bivalves Fossil
D. wind
10. What are Petrified fossils? 15. A researcher found shark fossils on top of
a mountain. This evidence suggests which
A. Fossils in which minerals replace all of of the following about the region?
an organism, or a part, such as a dinosaur
bone A. It was once below a waterfall.
B. The preserved remains of an organism B. It was once covered by an ocean.
C. It was once part of a riverbed.
C. A solid copy of the shape of an organ-
ism D. It was once near a freshwater lake.
D. A megaladon:) 16. Which animal would like most like a wooly

mammoth?
11. The process that turns living things, like
bones, into rocks is called A. elephant
A. rock and roll B. horse
B. petrification C. giraffe
C. dinosauring
D. kangaroo
D. none of above
17. What type of fossil is preserved when
12. A scientist who studies the Earth’s crust
the spaces are filled with minerals from
as well as the processes and history that
groundwater?
shaped it
A. index fossil
A. Chemist
B. Geologist B. permineralized
C. Paleontologist C. mold
D. Biologist D. trace fossil

1.20 fossils 497
18. How does the law of crosscutting explain 23. Lily sees a skeleton of a dinosaur at a mu-
the age of a fault? seum. What is true about the bones that
make up the skeleton?

A. The fault is younger than the rocks
above it. A. The bones are made up of minerals.
B. The fault is younger than the rocks it B. The bones are those of the dinosaur it-
cuts through. self.
C. The fault is older than the rocks above C. The bones were formed from mud that
it. hardened.
D. The fault is older than the rocks it cuts D. The bones are made up of amber.
through.
24. Which of the following would NOT help an
19. Which of the following is NOT something organism become fossilized?
you could learn from a fossil? A. shell
A. The size of the animal B. skeleton
B. What the animal ate C. buried quickly with sediment
C. The color of the animal D. soft body parts
D. none of above 25. What law states that any geologic feature
that cuts across other layers is younger
20. Which is an imprint fossil?
than layers it cuts across?
A. bone
A. Law of superpostion
B. a cast
B. Law of inclusion
C. petrified wood
C. Law of layers
D. an animal track
D. Law of crosscutting
21. What are fossils? 26. Why do we find fossils in Alberta?
A. Remains of food that has been eaten A. Fossils were formed because the
by the organism. winds carried away rock and soil to cover
B. Fossils are alive organisms that feed the bones.
on dead organisms. B. The animals and plants.died quickly
C. Fossils are dead remains of organisms and were frozen.
that are formed into rocks over the years. C. The animals died because of lack of
food.
D. All of the above D. No one knows why we have so many
fossils.
22. If you know the age of a fossil, you know
the relative age of the it was found 27. Saying you are older than your sister is an
inside. example of
A. sticky tar A. Relative age dating
B. rock B. Absolute age dating
C. amber C. Fossils
D. ice D. Radioactive dating

1.20 fossils 498
28. In what kind of rock can fossils be found? C. A plant or animal is eaten.
A. Sedimentary Rocks D. Sediments are pressed together and
B. Igneous Rocks harden.
C. Metamorphic Rocks 34. What are cavities left in rocks when a shell
D. Granite or bone dissolves called?
29. Which of the following events happens A. cast
NARAYAN CHANGDER
FIRST? B. mold
A. Slowly, minerals in the water replace C. index fossil
the bone.
D. premineralized remains
B. Sediment covers the bone.
C. An animal dies. 35. What are the three ways fossils are
D. The bone is no longer a bone, but a formed?
rock copy. A. imprints, casts, and molds
30. The most common fossils come form what B. land, sea, water
A. shells C. rain, snow, sleet
B. bones D. dirt, mud, plants
C. tree trunks
36. A scorpion found in amber is an example
D. all of the above of
31. fossils that are useful to paleontologists A. Mold fossil
due to the fact that they lived only during
B. Cast fossil
a relatively short time period.
A. fossils C. True Form fossil
B. index fossil D. Trace fossil
C. geologic time scale 37. What park became a World Heritage Site
D. unconformity in 1979?
32. What are strata? A. Jasper National Park
A. sedimentary rock layers B. Dinosaur Provincial Park

B. metamorphic rock layers C. Elk Island National Park
C. igneous rock layers D. Lansdowne Provincial Park
D. a special kind of fossil
38. It takes a fossil how many years to form?
33. Which of these must happen first for a fos- A. 1 year
sil to form?
B. 10 years
A. A plant or animal is covered by sedi-
ment. C. Thousands of years
B. Sediments fill a mold and form a cast. D. 5 years

1.20 fossils 499
39. Which of the following can be learned by 44. Who is an important person to Alberta’s
using the fossil record? fossil history?

A. When organisms changed or evolved A. Prime Minister Trudeau
B. when organisms appeared on Earth B. Premier Kenney
C. when organisms became extinct C. Mr. Smith
D. All the above D. Joseph Tyrrell
40. Which statement is true about the fossil 45. What is one way fossils can form
record? A. being in water
A. It provides evidence for history of life B. permineralization
on Earth
C. The bones being left behind
B. It is a record of all living things D. none of above
C. It shows how our climate has re-
mained the same over time 46. What are the remains, imprints, or traces
of once-living organisms?
D. It does not support the theory of evo-
lution A. index fossils
B. fossil
41. The age of a rock compared to the ages of
other rocks is the rock’s what? C. mold
D. cast
A. Relative Age
B. Geologic Age 47. What part of an animal will most likely be-
come a fossil?
C. Absolute Age
A. Muscle
D. Sedimentary Age
B. Eyelash
42. What important event happened in C. Bone
1884?
D. Ear
A. Joseph Tyrrell was born.
B. The Dinosaur Nation Park was created. 48. Fossils today are most likely found
A. close to the surface of the earth
C. A law was passed to protect fossils. B. in the middle layer of the earth
D. Joseph Tyrrell discovered the Alber- C. in the deepest layers of the earth
tosaurus. D. fossils are only found in bodies of wa-
ter
43. To find the relative age of a fossil you can
use 49. Which is an example of a body fossil?
A. a fossil index & law of superposition A. an animal burrow
B. carbon dating & law of superposition B. a bone
C. absolute age & other fossils C. a footprint
D. none of above D. a toothmark

1.20 fossils 500
50. Which of the following is a requirement of 55. In which time period are we currently liv-
index fossils? ing?
A. Lived over a vast time period but found A. Precambrian Time
only in one location
B. Paleozoic Era
B. lived only for a short time but was
found all over the world C. Mesozoic Era
C. Not a prevalent species at any time D. Cenozoic Era
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Still alive today
56. Scientists frequently frequently use all of
51. People who study fossils are called the following to support the theory that
organisms change over time EXCEPT
A. meterologists
B. fossilologists A. similarities in DNA
C. paleontologists B. similarities in early development
D. none of above C. similarities in body structure
52. *Broken into 3 parts Hadean, Archean, and D. similarities in number of mates
Proterozoic*Marks the beginning of Earth
approximately 4.6 b.y.*Oldest rock frag- 57. *Tells us when organisms lived and how
ment on Earth contains a mineral, zircon, they changed over millions of years
that is 4.4 m.y.(found in Australia) (evolved)*Can also give us a clue as to the
environment at that time*Recorded on the
A. Precambrian Eon Geologic Time Scale
B. Paleozoic Era
A. Eon
C. Mesozoic Era
B. Epoch
D. Cenozoic Era
C. Era
53. Which type of fossil can tell you about
the BEHAVIOR of ancient organisms? (ex. D. Fossil Record
how they hunted, what kind of home they
58. The predictable time an element takes to
created, etc.)
decay
A. mold fossil
A. Radiometric Dating
B. cast fossil
B. Relative Dating
C. trace fossil
D. preserved or original remains C. Absolute Dating
D. Half Life
54. What happens when a group of animals
become extinct?
59. What dinosaur did Joseph Tyrrell dis-
A. All of its members have died. cover?
B. Only a few of its members are still liv- A. Edmontonsaurus
ing.
B. T-Rex
C. The animals can no longer lay eggs.
C. Brontosaurus
D. All of its members move to another
place. D. Albertasaurus

1.20 fossils 501
60. What would probably happen if dinosaur the formation of the geological features
remains are not covered quickly? visible on Earth today.

A. It could decay, or rot away. A. Precambrian Eon
B. It would become a fossil. B. Paleozoic Era
C. It would not be able to decay. C. Mesozoic Era
D. none of above D. Cenozoic Era
61. Cavity in a rock made when an organism 66. A dinosaur track, a trail, and burrow are
decayed all examples of
A. cast A. casts
B. mold B. molds
C. original remains C. trace fossils

D. preserved remains
D. none of above
67. How are bones, teeth, shells and tree
62. In order for a fossil to form, which of the
trunks usually preserved
following evens must happen FIRST?
A. permineralization
A. Slowly, minerals in the water replace
the bone. B. amber
B. The bone is no longer a bone, but a C. Covered in stones
rock copy. D. All of the above
C. Sediment covers the bone. 68. Preserved remains or traces of animals,
D. An animal dies. plants, and other organisms from the dis-
tant past
63. Footprints, nests, and eggs are all exam-
A. Fossils
ples of what kind of fossils?
B. Skeletons
A. Mold fossil
C. Extinct Organisms
B. Cast fossil
D. This is not posible
C. Trace fossil
D. True Form fossil 69. Scientists who study fossils are called
A. Geologists
64. A rock has been weathered by moving wa-
ter. It is MOST LIKELY that the rock will B. Paleontologists
be C. Fossil Scientists
A. sharp around its edges D. Meteorologists
B. worn down and smooth 70. Which of the following methods of fossil
C. cracked in the middle formation is formed by carbon residue?
D. full of holes A. Amber fossil
B. Carbonization
65. *Currently in this Era*Development
of:*Large mammals *Human be- C. Casts and molds
ings*Periods of ice ages played a role in D. Freezing

1.20 fossils 502
71. What important event happened in B. catrastorphism

1978? C. superposition
A. Joseph Tyrrell was born. D. disconformities
B. A law was passed to protect fossils.
77. If there is 25% of parent material remain-
C. The Dinosaur Nation Park was opened. ing in the sample. How much daughter ma-
terial must there be?
D. The Albertosaurus was discovered in A. 25%
NARAYAN CHANGDER
Drumheller.
B. 50%
72. A crack in a rock has filled with water. C. 75%
What might happen if the water freezes?
D. 12.5%
A. The crack will disappear.
B. The crack will get larger. 78. The principle that Earth’s processes occur-
ring today are similar to those that did in
C. Nothing will happen. the past.
D. The crack will get smaller. A. Principle of Superposition
73. All of the following can become fossils ex- B. Uniformitarianism
pect C. Natural Selection
A. bones D. none of above
B. shells
79. Adrienne found a rock at recess and said
C. teeth it felt rough and bumpy. What property is
D. rocks she describing?
74. There were more herbivores than carni- A. color

vores. B. luster
A. False C. hardness
B. True D. texture
C. Who knows? 80. The fossil record describes as docu-
D. Contact a Paleontologist. mented by the fossils collected so far.
75. What is the method of finding the age of A. the history of life on Earth
an object or event compared to the age of B. how most species went extinct
another object or event? C. the nature of rock formations
A. Absolute Dating D. the amount of species that have ever
B. Relative Dating existed on Earth
C. Making a Timeline 81. Fossils typically provide evidence for evo-
D. none of above lution because
76. is the idea that the earth changes very A. they are millions of years old.
rapidly over short periods of time. B. they exist in all types of rocks.
A. uniformitarianism C. they supply good samples of RNA.

1.20 fossils 503
D. they show patterns of biological 87. How are sedimentary rocks formed?
change. A. cooling and hardening of lava

82. Which property describes a way a mineral B. applied heat and pressure
shines, or reflects light? C. compacting and cementing of sedi-
A. color ments
B. hardness D. melting of rock
C. luster 88. Which fossil type helps geologists infer

that rock layers in different geographic lo-
D. streak
cations are similar in age?
83. Wind blows around sand sediments and A. carbon film
they get dropped in a new place. This pro- B. index fossil
cess of dropping off sediments is called?
C. preserved remains
A. erosion
D. trace fossil
B. weathering
89. Temi wants to make something that looks
C. deposition
like a fossil. Which should she do?
D. condensation A. mix sand and clay and let it dry
84. What is a rock mass formed by molten rock B. cover a seed with soil and water it
being forced into an earlier formation of C. push a shell into clay and pull it out
rock layers?
D. wrap a leaf around a rock and freeze it
A. Extrusion
90. Most fossils form from animals or plants
B. Intrusion
that once lived in or near
C. Fault A. deserts
D. Supposition B. ice tundras
85. When an organism dies, its soft parts C. water
quickly or are eaten by animals. D. forrests
A. fade away 91. This type of scientist finds, preserves, and
B. disappear interprets fossils remains.
C. get washed away A. archeologist
D. decay B. paleontologist
C. geologist
86. A leaf is covered in mud during a land-
slide.After one million years this leaf will D. anthropologist
most likely be 92. The MOST humus is found in the
A. a fossil A. topsoil
B. a new plant species B. subsoil
C. an animal species C. bedrock
D. a nonrenewable resource. D. none of above

1.20 fossils 504
93. Approximately how old is the Earth? 98. Which statement is TRUE about the fossil
record?
A. 7 Trillion Years Old
A. It is a record of all living things
B. 4.5 Million Years Old
B. It shows how our climate has re-
C. 18 Billion Years Old mained the same over time
D. 4.6 Billion Years Old C. It provides evidence for history of life
on Earth
94. An organism that no longer exists on Earth
NARAYAN CHANGDER
is called D. It does not support the theory of evo-
lution
A. extinct
99. Scientists assign relative ages of rocks by
B. decayed
using
C. evolved
A. the ratio of isotopes
D. preserved B. the principle of superposition
95. This type of fossil is created when the soft C. potassium-Argon dating
tissues of animals’ skin and organs are D. absolute dating
preserved for thousands of years and com-
pletely dried 100. What type of fossil is a mark or cavity
made by a body part?
A. Cast
A. Cast
B. Trace
B. Index
C. Mummification
C. Mold
D. fossilization
D. Trace
96. *Marks the formation of the su-
101. are the preserved remains or traces
per continent, Pangaea*Life devel-
of living things.
oped rapidly*Marine plants and inverte-
brates*Fish and ferns*Amphibians*Mass A. bones
extinction at the end B. fossils
A. Precambrian Eon C. artifacts
B. Paleozoic Era D. organic matter
C. Mesozoic Era 102. What are the fossil fuels?
D. Cenozoic Era A. Oil, gas and coal
97. Extinct means B. Oil, plastic and electricity

C. Gas, coal and power
A. A dead animal has become fossilized.
D. Coal, power and coffee
B. There is no more of a species left.
C. Permineralization has occured within 103. What is Evolution?
the fossil. A. A Paleontologist
D. The fossil has become petrified. B. The change in living things over time

1.20 fossils 505
C. A movie 109. Fossils give us evidence about which of

D. A type of fossil that has an extremely the following?

thin coating A. plants and animals that lived long ago
B. how weathering and erosion break
104. Where in Alberta are fossils studied, dis-
down rocks
played and stored?
C. the other planets in our solar system
A. Dinosaur Provincial Park
D. the transfer of energy from one form
B. Royal Tyrrell Museum
to another
C. Alberta Art Gallery
110. is the idea that older rock layers can
D. Foothill National Park
be found below younger rock layers in
105. Scientists can estimate the ages of rock undisturbed geologic columns.
if they contain certain A. principal of original horizontality
A. sediments B. principal of superposition
B. carbons C. principal of cross-cutting relationships
C. minerals
D. principal of unconformities
D. index fossils
111. Era that began about 66 million years
106. In which rock type do we usually find fos-
ago, known as the “Age of Mammals”
sils?
A. Cenozoic
A. igneous
B. Mesozoic
B. metamorphic
C. Jurassic
C. sedimentary
D. Precambrian
D. none of above
112. Which of the following can we NOT learn
107. The law of superposition tells us that the from fossils?
lower the rock layer,
A. how animals communicated with each
A. the younger the rocks get other
B. the smellier the rocks get B. how the environment has changed
C. the harder the rocks get C. how species have changed
D. the older the rocks get D. extinct species
108. Some scientists believe that life on Earth 113. A branch of geology dealing with the ar-
began about 3.5 billion years ago. What rangement of sedimentary rock layers or
do they base this belief on? strata
A. the fossil record A. Law of Superpositoin
B. the distance from the sun to the Earth B. Strata
C. the time it takes to orbit the Earth C. Chronology
D. the thickness of the mantle D. Stratigraphy

1.20 fossils 506
114. Cement together is part of making a sedi- B. An extremely thin coating of carbon or
mentary rock. What is a synonym for “ce- rock
ment together”. C. None of the above
A. stuck together D. none of above
B. pull apart
120. Fossils that aren’t exactly part of the or-
C. squeezing together ganism. These include footprints, burrows,
D. expanding eggshells, and my personal favorite, co-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
prolite (or fossilized excrement).They give
115. Which is the most recent era of time-the insight into an organism’s behavior.
one that we are currently in?
A. Trace fossils
A. Mesozoic
B. Mold fossils
B. Paleozoic
C. Cast fossils
C. Cenozoic
D. Index fossils
D. Precambrian
121. to find the exact age of an object or
116. The earliest eon of the earth’s history.
event.
Makes up 88% of Earth’s geologic time.
A. absolute dating
A. Precambrian
B. relative dating
B. Paleozoic
C. superposition
C. Mesozoic
D. fossils
D. Cenozoic
122. What is a fossil that is found only during
117. What are the many division in the geo-
a specific time period and can help deter-
logic time scale based on?
mine dates of other rocks?
A. gradual changes in the fossil record
A. index fossil
B. sudden changes in the fossil record
B. glossary fossil
C. changes in the fossil record every mil-
C. bibliography fossil
lion years
D. none of above
D. none of above
123. are scientists that study fossils to de-
118. The time necessary for half of the parent
termine Earth’s history.
isotope to decay into daughter isotopes.
A. archeologists
A. half-time
B. parental-decay B. biologists
C. half-life C. botanists
D. half-decay D. paleontologists
119. What are Carbon Films? 124. How does sedimentary rock usually
form?
A. Fossils in which minerals replace all of
an organism, or a part, such as a dinosaur A. Vertically
bone B. Diagonally

1.20 fossils 507
C. Folding 130. What is a Paleontologist

D. Horizontally A. A scientist who studies fossils

B. A scientist who studies ALL types of
125. Which is not true about fossils?
bones including fossils
A. fossils are only animals remains
C. An Astronomer/dinosaur
B. fossils show the history of Earth
D. A scientist who studies bones only
C. Fossils can be found in sedimentary from 1, 00 years ago
rock layers
D. fossils can be traces of organisms foot- 131. During the Earth’s 4.6 billion years, it has
prints and body structure suffered major mass extinctions
A. 3
126. In what ear did the first land plants ap-
pear? B. 4
A. Cenozoic C. 5
B. Mesozoic D. 6
C. Paleozoic 132. What is the law of superposition?

D. Silurian A. oldest layer on the bottom, youngest
on top
127. Hardened tree sap is called
B. youngest layer on the bottom, oldest
A. diamonds on top
B. amber C. intrusion is always younger than layer
C. tar it cuts through
D. syrup D. intrusion is always older than layer it
cuts through
128. You find shark tooth and fish fossils in an
area that is now a forrest. What can you 133. The numerical age, in years, of any ob-
infer about the history of this place? ject.
A. The area was once a valley A. absolute age
B. The area was once a desert B. relative age
C. The area was once covered in ice C. space age
D. The area was once an ocean D. old age
129. The youngest layer of rock is always 134. is a gradual change in living things
found over long periods.
A. in the top layers A. adaptation
B. in the middle layers B. natural selection
C. in the bottom layers C. evolution

1.20 fossils 508
135. A fossil that is the entire remains or B. preserved

skeleton of an organism. Tar, ice, and am- C. carbonized
ber are three substances that preserve en-
tire bodies. D. petrified
A. body fossil 141. Which is NOT a way to identify a min-

eral?
B. trace fossil
A. taste
C. cast fossil
B. luster
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. mold fossil
C. hardness
136. Where are most fossils found? D. streak
A. Igneous rock
142. Which era do humans dominate?
B. Metamorphic rock
A. mezozoic
C. Sedimentary Rock
B. paleozoic
D. none of above
C. cenozoic
137. What is a fossil that is useful for dat- D. none of above
ing and correlating the strata in which it
is found? 143. What is a fossils?
A. a petrified fossil A. Remains of plant and animals that
have turned to compost.
B. a trace fossil
B. Remains of stone turned to plants and
C. a cast fossil animals.
D. an index fossil C. Remains of ancient plants and animals
that have turned to stone.
138. How old do you think is the Earth?
(guess an estimate) D. Anything that looks like a rock.
A. 54.52 Billion Months 144. What do fossils teach us about?
B. 1.658 Trillion days A. Everything we need to know about a
C. 4.54 Billion Years old plant or animal.
D. All of the above B. They teach us about the past and the
environment.
139. A fault is always than the layers of C. Everything single living thing will be-
sedimentary rock it cuts through. come a fossil when it dies.
A. older than D. That wooly mammoths are not extinct.
B. younger than
145. Which of the following best describes
C. the same age as what the first multicellular animals were
D. none of above like?
A. hard-shelled
140. Which type of fossil is formed when the
remains of a former living thing is turned B. single-celled
into stone? C. soft-bodied
A. cast D. “simple” organisms

1.20 fossils 509
146. Why don’t all living things become fos- C. They are all the same age
sils? D. The bottom layer

A. because some living things are too
small 152. Traces or remains of organisms that lived
long ago
B. because some living things are too big
A. Fossil
C. because some are subject to catas- B. Unconformity
trophism and others are not
C. Superposition
D. because environmental conditions
D. Column
have to be just right to prevent decay
147. Unless the rock layers have been over- 153. What is biodiversity?
turned, the bottom layer usually A. a rapid increase in the number of living
A. contains fossils things on Earth
B. is the oldest B. the history of life on Earth, as docu-
mented by fossils
C. contains the greatest variety of miner-
als C. the variety of species on Earth
D. has a fine texture D. all of the above
148. The Geologic Time Scale is a record of 154. Which choice lists the geologic time
what chunks in order from largest to smallest?
A. old geologists A. Eon, Era, Period, Epoch
B. the known history of rocks and fossils B. Epoch, Period, Era, Eon
C. a list of every living thing ever C. Period, Eon, Era, Epoch
D. the notes of geology music
D. Eon, Epoch, Era, Period
149. Most fossils are found in rock layers
155. is the dropping of rocks and sediment
A. metamorphic by wind, water, or ice.
B. sedimentary A. weathering
C. igneous B. erosion
D. none of above
C. deposition
150. Where are older rock layers found? D. none of above
A. on top of younger rock layers
156. In order for scientists to use absolute age
B. under younger rock layers dating, must be present in the rock or
C. near igneous intrusions fossil.
D. near faults A. hydrogen
151. Where can the oldest layer be found? B. a radioactive isotope
A. The top layer C. minerals
B. The middle layer D. none of above

1.20 fossils 510
157. Why do bones and teeth remain as part 162. Fossils provide all of the following in-
of some fossils? formation about once-living organisms ex-
A. they are white pect:
A. the environment where an organism
B. bones are large
may have once lived
C. the parts are hard
B. the average life expectancy an organ-
D. bones decay easily ism may have had
NARAYAN CHANGDER
158. How are fossils created? C. what the organism may have looked
like
A. Traces of organisms get turned into
stone. D. how the organism may have moved
B. Dead organisms are quickly buried for 163. A paleontologist finds a fossil of a fish on
millions of years. top of a mountain. She can infer that the
C. Animals get trapped. area was once
D. All of the above A. underwater

B. a desert
159. What is a fossil record?
C. much colder
A. The change over time in populations of
D. much warmer
related organisms.
B. Occurs when the last individuals 164. What can NOT become a fossil?
species dies. A. plants
C. Is made up of all the fossils ever dis- B. animals
covered on Earth.
C. soft body parts
D. Remains or evidence of a once living
D. rocks
organism.
165. The units of the geologic time scale from
160. Loose material that covers much of the longest to shortest are
Earth’s surface is called
A. Eras, periods, epochs, eons
A. humus
B. Eons, eras, periods, epochs
B. rock
C. Epochs, periods, eras, eons
C. soil
D. Periods, eras, eons, epochs
D. minerals
166. As the body plan of the fish progressed,
161. What is a good rule to follow when de- the first sharks appeared during the Sil-
termining the age of rock layers? urian Period. The skeletons of these an-
A. The oldest is always on the top. cient fish are hard to find in fossil form
because their skeletons are composed of
B. The rock layers get older as you dig
deeper. A. cartilage
C. The layers position does not necessar- B. bone

ily tell you about the age. C. muscle
D. The youngest is always on the bottom. D. calcium

1.20 fossils 511
167. The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relation- C. Key features of living things started to
ships states that an igneous intrusion is appear, like hard shells

A. always younger than the layers it cuts D. The increased population of specific or-
across ganisms
B. always older than the layers it cuts 173. What is the largest division of time?
across
A. Eon
C. the same age as the rock it melted
B. Epic
D. none of the answers are correct
C. Era
168. How does a fossil form through car- D. Period
bonization.
174. A fossil animal has a mouth full of sharp,
A. squeezed between two rocks
pointed teeth. What can you infer about
B. Covered in sediment the animal?
C. Decaying A. The animal ate fruits and vegetables.
D. none of above B. The animal is closely related to a shark.
169. The dropping of sediment by wind, water,
or gravity is called C. The animal did not live on land.
A. weathering D. The animal ate meat.
B. erosion 175. How long can it take for a fossil to form
C. evaporation A. thousands to millions of years
D. deposition B. a day
170. In what way can scientists determine the C. billions of years

ages of fossils? D. a decade
A. relative dating 176. Scientists can study fossils to learn about-
B. radioactive dating the
C. law of superposition A. past
D. All of the above B. present
C. future
171. What kind of rock do fossils form in?
A. sedimentary
B. igneous 177. what was the name of the Newsela arti-
cle
C. metamorphic
A. Earth’s Systems:What are fossils?
D. none of above
B. What are Fossils
172. Which one is NOT 1 of the 3 factors that C. Earth’s Systems:How fossils are cre-
accounted for the Cambrian Explosion? ated.
A. Changes in the oceans D. Earth’s Systems:Why are fossils im-
B. Increase in oxygen in the atmosphere portant?

1.20 fossils 512
178. Geologists assume the newest rock lay- A. Chemist

ers are on top of the older ones, unless B. Geologist
some type of disturbance occurs.
C. Paleontologist
A. Law of Relativity
D. Biologist
B. Law of Superposition
184. What is permineralized remains?
C. Law of Stratigraphy
A. fossils that have spaces inside that are
D. Law of Rock filled in with minerals from groundwater.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
179. Long ago, small organisms became B. Mineral Fossils
trapped in sticky tree sap that hardened. C. thin film of carbon remains of a once
What is the hardened sap called? living organism that was preserved as a
A. amber fossil.
B. a cast D. I don’t know
C. humus 185. the rule that states the youngest layer in
D. an imprint an undisturbed rock column is on top, old-
est layer is on bottom.
180. Remains of animals can be preserved by A. absolute dating
preventing them from decaying. What sub-
B. fossil
stances might help preserve parts or a
whole animal C. paleontology
A. tar, amber, ice D. superposition
B. ice, carbonization, trace 186. Older rocks contained within newer rocks
C. rock, amber, ice are called
A. intrusions
D. tar, carbonization, rock
B. inclusions
181. Pangea broke up in the
C. fossils
A. Mesozoic Era D. faults
B. Cenozoic Era
187. Dinosaurs became extinct
C. Paleozoic Era
A. after humans existed
D. Precambrian Era
B. during the time that humans existed
182. Paleozoic, Mesozoic & Cenozoic are all C. before humans existed
A. Epochs D. before and after humans existed.
B. Eras 188. the remains or evidence of formerly liv-
C. Periods ing things that have been preserved over
time
D. Eons
A. uniformitarianism
183. A scientist that studies fossil remains B. catastrophism
found on the Earth’s surface in order to
study primitive life forms such as:plants, C. fossils
animals, fungi, and bacteria D. paleontology

1.20 fossils 513
189. Relative age dating is used to determine 194. How does the fossil record help to sup-
the port the theory of evolution?

A. actual age of an event A. the fossil record shows that organisms
slowly change over time
B. length of time between two events
B. The fossil record shows that species
C. age of one event in comparison with
evolve very quickly
other events
C. The fossil record does not support the
D. rate at which a gologic process occurs theory of evolution
190. Most fossilized structures are D. none of above
A. Hard structures, such as bones and 195. Which increases the likelihood that a
teeth. dead organism will be fossilized?
B. Soft structures, such as skin and mus- A. fast decay of bones
cle.
B. presence of few hard body parts
C. Either hard or soft structures.
C. quick burial after death
D. Able to be eaten by scavengers. D. vast amounts of skin
191. A(n) is an organism that lived for a 196. What makes up bedrock?
short amount of time, were plentiful, and
lived in a wide geographical area. A. loose soil that contains humus
B. solid rock
A. index fossil
C. small pieces of rock
B. cast fossil
D. decayed remains of plants and animals
C. perserved fossil
D. petrified fossil 197. is/are used to determine the age of
the rock strata.
192. Which type of fossil preservation is a A. Index Fossils
thin carbon silhouette of the original organ-
ism? B. Fossils
C. Rock strata
A. cast
D. Law of Superposition
B. mold
C. carbon film 198. The law of inclusion helps geologists un-
derstand that Rock B is than the sedi-
D. premineralized remains ment that it contains.
193. Eras are A. younger
A. a type of fossil B. older
B. evidence that shows behavior of plants C. the same age as
and animals D. none of above
C. time periods in which scientists mea-
199. Fossils of organism like reveal that
sure when events took place
Earth was at during a certain time on
D. clocks that show time in history the geologic time scale.

1.20 fossils 514
A. Trilobites; cold 205. All the information that paleontologists

B. Petrified wood; humid have gathered about past life is called the
C. Woolly mammoths; cold

A. geologic time
D. none of above
B. geologic eras
200. This kind of fossil leaves behind evidence C. fossil eras
of an animal’s behavior or activity.
D. fossil record
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Mold fossil
206. The millions of fossils that scientists have
B. Cast fossil collected are called
C. Trace fossil A. The Geologic Time Scale
D. True Form fossil B. The Origin of Species
201. Fossils such as provide evidence of C. The Fossil Record
past life and environmental conditions. D. A really neat fossil collection
A. footprints and shells
207. What is it called when wood has turned
B. rocks and sand into stone?
C. hieroglyphics A. petrified wood
D. rare minerals B. hardwood
202. What is a trail, track or burrow left be- C. bark

hind by an animal that later fossilized? D. fake wood
A. A trace fossil 208. Formed when original material in skeletal
B. A carbon film remains are replaced by minerals
C. A petrified fossil A. original remains
D. An extrusion B. fossil
C. permineralized remains
203. A fossil is
D. none of above
A. a dead rotten animal
B. the remains of things that lived a long, 209. One of the oldest organisms discovered
long time ago is called a(n)
C. a plant that dried up A. dinosaur

B. micro-organism
D. none of above
C. trilobite
204. What replaces the wood of a once-living
D. cast and mold fossil
tree to form petrified wood?
A. amber 210. The statement that the oldest layer will
be at the bottom in an undisturbed se-
B. a cast
quence of rock layers is called the Principle
C. a mold of
D. minerals A. Inclusions

1.20 fossils 515
B. Unconformities B. a solid element or compound from the

C. Cross-Cutting Relationships Earth’s crust

C. remains of extinct organism found in a
D. Superposition
layer of rock
211. Where was the oldest fossil discovered? D. bits of weathered rocks and pieces of
A. Western Australia dead organisms
B. North America 217. Over millions of years, trees may become
C. North East Asia fossilized when they turn into
D. South West Antartica A. paper

B. soil
212. Which type of organism is the most com-
C. rock
plex?
D. water
A. Bacterial Cell
B. Multicelluar organism 218. The half-life of Carbon-14 is
C. Cell with a nucleus A. 673 years

B. 57, 030 years
D. none of above
C. 6, 730 years
213. True Form fossils are usually found in
D. 5, 730 years
A. amber, rock, ice
219. states that the earth has changed
B. amber, ice, cement gradually over long periods of time.
C. amber, tar, rock A. uniformitarianism
D. amber, tar, ice B. catrastorphism
214. The term is used to identify a scien- C. superposition
tist who studies fossils D. disconformities
A. biologist 220. Which type of scientist studies life that
B. paleontologist existedlong ago, mostly by studying fos-
C. zoologist sils?
A. biologist
D. botanist
B. zoologist
215. Which of the following conditions makes
C. botanist
fossil formation more likely?
D. paleontologist
A. buried slowly
B. attacked by scavengers 221. What do geologists look for in order to
correlate rocks in different locations?
C. made of hard parts
A. different rock types and similar fossils
D. composed of soft parts
216. Which of these best describes a fossil: B. many rock types and many fossils
A. a geometric pattern formed by a min- C. similar rock types and lack of fossils
eral D. similar rock types and similar fossils

1.20 fossils 516
222. The fossils of extinct sea animals called C. all parts can become fossilized easily
trilobites were found in Ohio. This means because the organism becomes buried by
Ohio was once covered by: sediments
A. grass D. none of above
B. water 228. Fossils are generally found inside of what
C. forests type of rocks?
D. mountains A. Metamorphic rocks
NARAYAN CHANGDER
223. a gap in the geologic rock record. B. Igneous rocks
A. unconformity C. Sedimentary rocks
B. relative dating D. Meteorites
C. index fossil 229. What is the area in Alberta called that
D. fossil has many fossils?
A. The prairies
224. What evidence shows that dinosaurs died
because of meteorite hitting the earth? B. The rocky mountains
A. Iriduim found in rock layer C. The badlands
B. dinosaurs fossils found not found D. The rolling hills
above certain rock strata
230. What do you think you can tell about an
C. both 1 and 2 organism from its fossilized parts?
D. neither 1 and 2 A. Structure /Size
225. These fossils provide evidence of the ac- B. How it moved
tivities of ancient organisms. C. How it reproduced
A. petrified fossils D. All of the above
B. trace fossils
231. How do most fossils form?
C. molds
A. A living thing dies and is buried under
D. amber sediment
226. Principle that Earth’s processes occurring B. The sediment is compressed and com-
today are similar to those that occurred in pacted
the past C. They are formed in sedimentary rock
A. unconformities D. All of these answers
B. uniformitariansim
232. Fossil of ferns and other tropical plants
C. superposition reveal that Earth was very 100 mil-
D. none of above lion years ago.
227. Which parts of an organism are more A. cold

likely to fossilize? B. warm
A. the soft parts-skin, muscle C. dry
B. the hard parts-bones, shells, stems D. none of above

1.20 fossils 517
233. When an organism dies, is buried, and de- 238. Which of the following is NOT an exam-
cays leaving behind a cavity in the shape ple of a fossil?
of the organism is considered which type

A. a petrified dinosaur bone
of fossil?
B. a footprint captured in mud
A. cast
C. a seashell found on the beach
B. mold
D. a bug stuck in amber
C. trace
239. What does a paleontologist study?
D. petrified
A. trees
234. What are Preserved remains?
B. fossils
A. Fossils that have been entirely pre-
C. volcanoes
served
D. organisms that are alive today
B. A hollow area in sediment in the shape
of an organism 240. Which of the following statements about
C. Provide evidence of the activities from index fossils is false?
a specific organism A. Index fossils lived for a short period of
D. None of the above time.
B. Index fossils lived all around the world.
235. A fossil can form when
A. an organism leaves an imprint in sedi- C. Index fossils can be used to date rock
ment, which hardens into stone. layers.
B. groundwater minerals seep into pre- D. Index fossils were all from the Precam-
served bone and shell materials. brian time period.
C. an organism is trapped in sticky plant
241. What type of fossil preservation is pro-
resin that hardens into amber.
duced by filling a mold with sediments?
D. all of the above.
A. mold
236. Fossilized tracks or other evidence of ac- B. cast
tivity of an organism. C. carbon film
A. trail D. index fossils
B. trace
242. An organism is if it no longer exists
C. index and will never live again on Earth.
D. absolute A. hibernating
237. History of life as documented by all fos- B. extinct
sils, preserved in sedimentary rock strata C. dying
A. Eon D. none of above
B. Epoch
243. Which of the following organisms will
C. Era most likely become a fossil?
D. Fossil Record A. a plant covered by a lava flow

1.20 fossils 518
B. a small lizard covered by tree sap 249. Which of the following would be an ex-
C. a deer killed and eaten by predators ample of absolute age?
D. a bacterium dead on the bottom of the A. Fossil A is older than Fossil B

ocean B. Fossil A and Fossil B are the same age
244. Fossils are usually found in

C. Fossil A is 10 million years old
A. igneous rock
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. extrusions
250. Joseph Tyrrell discovered the Alber-
C. intrusions
tosaurus near which location?
D. sedimentary rock
A. Hay River
245. Which is an example of a trace fossil? B. Bow River
A. animal tracks C. North Saskatchewan River
B. coprolite D. Red Deer River
C. burrows 251. Which is the least complex form of life?
D. all of the answers given here A. a cell with a nucleus
246. What does extinct mean? B. a multicellular organism
A. Will exist again in a century C. a bacterial cell
B. The change in living things over time D. fossils
C. It no longer exists and will never live 252. A mold fossil is
on earth again
A. evidence of animal’s behavior such a
D. None of the above footprints or nests
247. Type of fossil that usually forms when B. the positive image of a fossil that was
softer parts like leaves, flowers, and formed by sediments and minerals
steams decay leaving are squeezed be- C. the entire preserved organism
tween layers of mud or rock and leave an
D. the impression of the animal or plant
imprint.
left after it decomposed
A. cast
253. Hardened tree sap
B. trace
A. tar
C. carbonized
B. ice
D. petrified
C. sediments
248. Which of the following is NOT considered
D. amber
an example of a fossil?
A. petrified dinosaur bone 254. A woolly mammoth or ancient hominid
might be found in frozen tundra such as
B. seashell found on the beach the arctic circle. This type of fossil would
C. footprint captured in wet mud be
D. insect stuck in amber A. preserved or original remains

1.20 fossils 519
B. permineralized or petrified 260. What 2 things make a good index fossil?

C. carbonized or carbon film A. Good looks and a great smile

D. trace B. widespread and on Earth for a short
time
255. Which of the following is NOT a way that
something can become fossilized? C. widespread and on Earth for a long
time
A. Frozen
D. a fossil found in every rock layer
B. Preserved in Amber
C. Burned in Lava 261. Which is a fossil?
A. bone from a chicken dinner
D. Stuck in Tar
B. a live plant
256. If you found a rock containing a very com-
C. the preserved remains of a plant or an-
plex fossil, you could infer that the rock is
imal that lived long ago
A. relatively young
D. a piece of pottery
B. very old
262. What can you learn about an organism
C. igneous
from the amount of carbon-14 in its re-
D. metamorphic mains?
257. How far back in time can geologists study A. how long ago it died
the history of the earth? B. what its diet consisted of
A. 1.6 billion years C. which kingdom it belonged to
B. 46 million years D. which animal its most closely related
C. 4.6 billion years to
D. 160 billion years 263. What is a mold?
258. What might a paleontologist conclude A. A solid copy of the shape of an organ-
about an animal who’s fossil footprints ism (outside) The whole entire organism
were far apart?
A. It could swim. B. A hollow area in sediment in the shape
of an organism or part of an organism (In-
B. It was walking.
side) Makes a section
C. It was able to fly. C. An extremely thin coating of carbon on
D. It ran fast. rock
259. What happens when a species become ex- D. A rock
tinct? 264. What is a trace fossil?
A. All of its members have died. A. A thin coating of carbon on rock
B. Only a few of its members are still liv- B. Fossils that replace all of an organism
ing.
C. The animals can no longer lay eggs. C. A type of fossil that provides evidence
D. All of its members move to another of the activities of that organism or parts
place. of an organism

1.20 fossils 520
D. A fossil that preserves the ENTIRE or- 271. Indicate to geologists the boundaries in
ganism geological time
265. In what type of rock are fossils found? A. Index Fossils
A. sedimentary B. Fossils
B. . igneous C. Rock strata
C. metamorphic D. Law of Superposition
D. none
NARAYAN CHANGDER
272. Fossils of fish are found under land where
266. Which of the following substances is not cows now live. What does this tell you?
able to preserve entire organisms
A. the fish were dropped their by flying
A. sticky tar birds
B. amber B. this land was once under the ocean
C. water
C. farmers fed the fish to the cows
D. ice
D. fish used to live on land
267. The study of fossils
273. Scientists conclude that a fossil species is
A. Chemistry
extinct when:
B. Geology
A. it vanishes from the rock strata
C. Paleontology
B. it cannot be studied further
D. Biology
C. the first fossil of a species is discov-
268. Which Epoch do we live in? ered
A. Pliocene
D. too many have been found
B. Cretaceous
C. Holocene 274. The best index fossils have which two
traits?
D. Permian
A. widespread geographically, long lifes-
269. In what type of rock would you typically pan
find fossils?
B. widespread geographically, short
A. igneous lifespan
B. metamorphic
C. specific place, long lifespan
C. sedimentary
D. specific place, short lifespan
D. rocky
275. is the movement of rocks from one
270. The hardened remains of a living thing
place to another.
that died long ago.
A. extinct A. weathering
B. cast B. erosion
C. fossil C. deposition
D. bone D. none of above

1.20 fossils 521
276. the study of fossils and past life. 281. Which of the following is an index fos-
sil?
A. fossils

A. brachiopods
B. index fossil
B. tyrannosaurus rex
C. geologic time scale
C. coprolites
D. paleontology
D. trilobites
277. Qamar saw dinosaur footprints at the 282. A scientist who studies fossils is called a
museum. Qamar was probably looking at what?
fossils formed in
A. Fossilologist
A. coal
B. Rock Hound
B. rocks
C. Archeologist
C. living things D. Paleontologist
D. crystals
283. Which of the following is not a trace fos-
278. is the breaking apart or wearing sil?
away of rock into smaller pieces. A. tracks
A. weathering B. burrows
B. erosion C. ammonites
C. deposition D. coprolites
D. none of above 284. Fossils are found in rock.

A. igenous
279. *Found in sedimentary rock layers*Can
be as small as bacteria or as giant as a B. sedimentary
dinosaur C. metamorphic
A. Fossils D. all kinds of
B. Skeletons 285. Fossil are typically found in what geo-
C. Extinct Organisms graphic formation?
D. Fossil Record A. archipelagos

B. volcanoes
280. Which of the following is a false state- C. layers
ment about why the fossil record is incom-
plete? D. sand dunes
A. most organisms never become fos- 286. An organism that no longer exists on
silized Earth is called
B. many fossils have never been found A. Decayed
C. all fossils are of dinosaurs B. Evolved
D. only the hard parts of organisms are C. Extinct

easily fossilized D. Preserved

1.21 sediments 522
287. What is sediment? :) C. An extremely thin coating of carbon on

A. A solid material that is moved and de- rock
posited in a new location
B. Liquid D. None of the above
1.21 sediments
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1. After deposition the next process of sedi- 6. the process in which dissolved minerals
mentary rock is and crystallize and glue sediment together.
A. Compaction and volume A. compaction
B. Compaction and solution B. deposition
C. Pressure and magnetism C. organic sedimentary rock
D. Compaction and cementation D. cementation
7. Sedimentary rock that is made of frag-
2. Process of binding and hardening of sedi-
ments of rocks cemented together by a
ments into hard rock
mineral are called
A. Cementation
A. chemical
B. Compaction
B. organic
C. Decomposition C. clastic
D. Deposition D. none of above
3. squeezing sediments together in layers 8. sedimentary rock formed from remains of
A. compaction plants and animals
B. weathering A. chemical rock
C. cementation B. organic rock

C. clastic rock
D. deposition
D. erosion
4. Sedimentary rock formed from remains of
plants and animals is called ? 9. the reaction of minerals in a rock with wa-
ter that results in a change in composition
A. chemical sedimentary rock
A. oxidation
B. organic sedimentary rock
B. hydrolysis
C. clastic sedimentary rock
C. carbonation
D. erosion
D. redox
5. Which type of rock do we find fossils in? 10. Force of objects pushing on other objects
A. Igneous A. erosion
B. Sedimentary B. pressure
C. Metamorphic C. fighting
D. All of them D. none of above

1.21 sediments 523
11. The particle that helps in forming the sedi- C. 75%

mentary rock is called D. none of above

A. Sediments
17. The lithification process is when:
B. Sedimentation
C. Deposition A. sediment is laid down in layersrock is
destroyed
D. Denudation
B. rock is dissolved by HCl
12. A living thing that grows, reproduces, re-
C. sediment is turned into rock
sponds to its environment, and can func-
tion on its own D. rock is destroyed
A. Organism 18. What causes rocks to break down?
B. Fossil fuels
A. Weathering
C. Process of formation
B. Erosion
D. Weathering
C. Deposition
13. the reaction of carbon dioxide with water D. Cementation
to form a weak acid that can dissolves min-
erals 19. Which nonfoliated rock forms only in a
A. carbonation zone of contact metamorphism?
B. hydrolysis A. Conglomerate
C. oxidation B. Hornfels
D. root pry C. Pegmatite
14. Sedimentary rocks are formed by D. Quartzite
A. Cooling of lava or magma 20. Most rocks that form from fragmental rock
B. Heat and pressure particles are classified as
C. Compacting and cementing A. Extrusive Igneous Rocks
D. none of above B. Intrusive Igneous Rocks
15. rocks are the only type of rock to C. Clastic Sedimentary
contain fossils or evidence of ancient cli- D. Chemical Sedimentary
mates.
A. Igneous 21. Sedimentary rocks are
B. Metamorphic A. formed form already existing rocks
that are weathered, eroded, compacted
C. Sedimentary
and cemented together
D. none of above
B. cooled on the surface of the Earth from
16. What percent of the rocks on the the lava
Earth’s surface are sedimentary rocks? C. formed below Earth’s surface as
A. 25% magma
B. 50% D. formed from great heat and pressure

1.21 sediments 524
22. How is a delta created? 28. Which rock is made of angular fragments
A. A river dropping sediment of rock held together by a natural ce-
ment?
B. A tsunami
A. breccia
C. Wind erosion
B. scoria
D. People digging
C. granite
23. The total amount of solid material dis-
D. quartzite
NARAYAN CHANGDER
solved in water is known as
A. load 29. The sediment has been dropped off in a
B. salinity pile. What process happened last?
C. solute A. weathering
D. insoluble residue B. compaction
24. Weathering of rock involving a change in C. cementation
chemical composition. D. deposition
A. chemical weathering
B. physical weathering 30. Which type of sedimentary rock com-
presses of coal and limestone, which are
C. frost action formed due to the accumulation and depo-
D. abrasion sition of dead plants and animals in the
rock layers
25. By what process are surface materials re-
moved and transported from one location A. Clastic sedimentary rock
to another? B. Organic sedimentary rock
A. weathering C. Chemical sedimentary rock
B. erosion D. None of the above
C. depostiion
D. cementation 31. What is the average sediment size of a
conglomerate/Breccia clastic rock
26. What is lithification? A. 3.00 mm >
A. Lithium
B. > 2.00 mm
B. cementation
C. 1/16-2.00 mm
C. compaction & cementation
D. 2.58 mm
D. compaction
32. Methods scientists use to study sediments
27. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accu-
include all of the above except
mulation of
A. Sediments A. radar
B. Sedimentation B. clamshell samplers

C. Deposition C. piston corerspiston corers
D. Denudation D. drilling ships

1.21 sediments 525
33. Fossils would most likely be found in a C. contact metamorphism

sample of D. hydrothermal metamorphism

A. Limestone
39. Which process best describes com-
B. Granite
paction?
C. Quartzite
A. particles are squeezed together under
D. Metaconglomerate pressure
34. Which does not cause metamorphism? B. particles glue together as minerals
harden
A. lithification
C. sediment settles
B. hydrothermal solutions
D. none of above
C. heat
D. pressure 40. Which sedimentary rock is formed by the
compaction and cementation of sorted sed-
35. Name one size of sediment that can make iments 0.05 cm in diameter?
breccia or conglomerate.
A. shale
A. Clay
B. siltstone
B. Pebble
C. sandstone
C. Sand
D. conglomerate
D. none of above
41. What is the process called in which sedi-
36. In science, Pressure is:
mentary rocks are arranged in layers?
A. the feeling you get when you do some-
thing you don’t want to do A. erosion
B. what is used to make a diamond B. extrusion
C. physical properties C. weathering
D. Force of objects pushing on other ob- D. stratification

jects
42. How is sediment formed?
37. Facts or other information supporting a A. Weathering and Erosion
claim or proposition
B. Melting
A. Evidence
C. Pressure
B. Model
D. none of above
D. Fossil fuels 43. Which of the following are necessary for
sedimentary rocks to form?
38. What results when rocks come in contact
A. extreme heat and organic matter
with molten rocks such as those in an ig-
neous intrusion? B. extreme pressure and lots of time
A. precipitation C. pressure only
B. region D. time only

1.21 sediments 526
44. Which is a biochemical rock that contains 50. Rock formed when particles of other are
fossils? deposited in layers and are compacted
A. chert (crushed together) and cemented (binding
of the sediments).
B. limestone
A. Fossil Fuels
C. sandstone
B. Sedimentary Rock
D. breccia
C. Volcanos
NARAYAN CHANGDER
45. Solidifying (gluing) layers of sediments. D. Mountains
A. Erosion
51. What rock is made from sand?
B. Deposition
A. Siltstone
C. Cementation B. Gravel
D. Compaction C. Sandstone
46. Which sedimentary rock may form as a re- D. none of above
sult of biologic processes?
52. Which mineral precipitates from oceans
A. shale and forms rock salt?
B. siltstone A. Quartz
C. fossil limestone B. Flurotite
D. breccia C. Halite
47. What does clastic mean? D. Olivine
A. Compacted sediment 53. What rock process drops sediments in a
B. Magma made the rock new place?
C. The rock has crystals A. erosion
D. none of above B. cementation

C. weathering
48. Small pieces of rock are also called
D. deposition
A. sediment
54. The proportion of dissolved substances in
B. coal
seawater is expressed as 0/00, which is
C. organic matter the same as
D. erosion A. parts per hundred
49. Looking at the Rock Cycle chart on pg 6 B. parts per thousand
of your ESRTs what forms Metamorphic C. parts per million
Rocks?
D. molarity
A. Melting and solidification
55. The best way to examine the rock type is
B. Compaction and Cementation to check the sediment grain size and the
C. Heat and Pressure
D. Burial and Deposition A. Texture

1.21 sediments 527
B. Volume 61. Which rock was subjected to intense heat

and pressure but did not solidify from
C. Variation
magma?

D. All of the above
A. Sandstone
56. Which rock type is most likely to be B. Schist
monomineralic? C. Gabbro
A. rock salt D. Rhyolite
B. breccia
62. Caves are most likely to form from the
C. sandstone chemical weathering of which kind of
D. conglomerate rock?
A. Granite
57. What processes break down rock into
B. Limestone
smaller pieces?
C. Basalt
A. erosion
D. Sandstone
B. weathering
C. deposition 63. What is the movement of soil from one
place to another?
D. cementation
A. weathering
58. Students create a science demo by grinding B. deposition
noodles to show a process. Which step are C. discharge
they demonstrating?
D. erosion
A. weathering
64. Which rock was organically formed and
B. erosion
sometimes contains fossilized plant im-
C. deposition pressions?
D. compaction A. rock gypsum
B. phyllite
59. Limestone and sandstone are used for
C. breccia
A. Building houses
D. coal
B. Building rocks
C. Building stones 65. Which of the following actions causes the
deposition of sand at a delta?
A. river water slowing as it enters the
60. To make a sedimentary rock it usually ocean
takes B. salt water & fresh water mixing to-
A. about a week gether
C. ocean waves transporting sand to-
B. about a year
ward land
C. about a month
D. ocean water slowing as it reaches the
D. millions of years coast

1.21 sediments 528
66. What is one type of Sedimentary Rock? 72. The process that presses sediments to-
A. Biological gether
B. Classic A. clastic rock

C. Chemical B. cementation
D. Shiny C. compaction
67. A natural resource made from remains of D. deposition
NARAYAN CHANGDER
swamp plants from millions of years ago
73. What is it called when layers pile up and
A. gasoline press down on the material below?
B. oil
A. Compaction
C. natural gas
B. Layering
D. coal
C. Cementation
68. Putting pressure on sediments under- D. Concentration
ground is called
A. cementation 74. What is the formation of sedmentary
B. compaction rocks
C. weathering A. lifthication, erosion, weathering, de-

postion, compaction, cemation
D. erosion
B. weathering, erosion, depostion, lithifi-
69. Chemical rocks are cation, compaction, cementation
A. Made from heat C. whale
B. Made when water evaporates and min- D. weathering, erosion, depostion, lithfic-
erals crystallize stion, cemataion, compaction
C. Made from dead animals/plants
D. Made from pieces of other rocks 75. Put the sediments in order from smallest
sized particles to largest
70. Sedimentary rock made from fossils are A. clay, silt, sand, gravel
called
B. silt, clay, gravel, sand
A. organic
C. gravel, sand, silt, clay
B. chemical
C. stratified D. none of above
D. none of above 76. Look at the followingWeathering, erosion,

deposition, compaction, and What’s
71. What is an example of an organic sedimen-
the missing step?
tary rock?
A. coal A. Cementation
B. breccia B. Conservation
C. rock salt C. Concentration
D. shale D. Solution

1.21 sediments 529
77. The process when rocks break into smaller B. Dolostone

pieces due to exposure to natural elements C. Rock Salt
is called

D. Rock Gypsum
A. erosion
B. weathering 83. Which of the following is a hydrogenous
sediment?
C. sediments
A. diatomaceous earth
D. none of above
B. silt
78. Which type of sedimentary rock is formed C. tektites
when layers are formed due to mechanical
weathering of different types of rocks D. manganese nodules
A. Clastic sedimentary rock 84. Which kind of sedimentary rock may be

formed both chemically and organically?
B. Organic sedimentary rock
A. bituminous coal
C. Chemical sedimentary rock
B. dolostone
C. shale
79. Fossil fuels were formed from
D. limestone
A. the remains of once living organisms.
85. How many steps in the process make sed-
B. the earth.
imentary rock?
C. solids, liquids, and gases, made mil-
A. 3
lions of years ago.
B. 5
D. sun and water.
C. 6
80. How do we know a rock is a sedimentary
D. 4
rock?
A. its orange 86. Particles of sediment collected from a lake
bottom averaged 1.2 cm in diameter. If
B. its small
left on the lake bottom to become buried
C. its broken down by more sediment and compressed into
D. it has layers rock, these particles would form
A. sandstone
81. small, solid pieces of materials from rocks
or living things B. conglomerate
A. sediment C. quartzite
B. clastic rock D. granite
C. organic rock 87. What is the correct order of making and
D. deposition dropping off of sediments?
A. weathering, erosion, deposition
82. Which sedimentary rock is formed by com-
paction and cementation of land-derived B. erosion, weathering, deposition
sediments? C. weathering, deposition, erosion
A. Siltstone D. none of above

1.21 sediments 530
88. The gas form of fossil fuels is B. Wind weathering

A. oil/petroleum C. Chemical weathering
B. natural gas D. Erosion weathering
C. coal
94. Weathering is the process of
D. heat
A. Breaking down rock into smaller and
89. Marine means smaller pieces of sediment.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. land B. The movement of sediment
B. fire C. Placing sediment into a new location.
C. ice D. None of the above
D. ocean
95. When sediments stick together its called
90. Which of the following is/are not true
about sedimentary rocks A. cementation
A. Sedimentary rocks are not formed by B. compaction
sediment
C. deposition
B. Organic rock is part of the types of sed-
imentary rocks D. erosion
C. All of the above 96. Small pieces of rock
D. None of the above A. imprint
91. Organic rocks are B. sediment
A. Made from heat C. erosion
B. Made when water evaporates and min- D. boulders
erals crystallize
97. What is the process of sediments being
C. Made from the remains of dead ani-
dropped in a new location by wind, water,
mals/plants
or ice?
D. Made from pieces of other rocks
A. weathering
92. Which causes rocks to physically weather B. erosion
in to sediments?
C. deposition
A. Water
D. none of above
B. Ice
C. Wind 98. what kind of rock is formed when debris
is buried, compresses and cemented to-
D. All of the above
gether?
93. Bobby observed that a metal trash can A. Metmaorphic
was covered with rust. What type of
B. Magma
weathering caused the rust on the trash
can? C. Sedimetnary
A. Mechanical weathering D. Igneous

1.21 sediments 531
99. Sedimentary rocks contain sediments that 104. Which rock is only formed by regional
have been deposited into metamorphism?

A. layers A. Slate
B. coal B. Hornfels
C. shale C. Dunite
D. cementation D. Marble
100. a picture, idea, or object that represents 105. is used to make plate
an object, a system, or process and is used A. Quartz
to help with understanding; models have B. Rock gypsum
advantages and limitations
C. Limestone
A. Model
B. Organism
106. Which physical characteristic best de-
scribes the rock phyllite?
D. Weathering
A. glassy texture with gas pockets
101. What characteristic to sedimentary rocks B. clastic texture with angular fragments
often have?
A. weather patterns C. bioclastic texture with cemented shell
fragments
B. tiny crystals
D. foliated texture with microscopic mica
C. striped layers
crystals
D. glassy surfaces
107. A physical structure on Earth that occurs
102. Conglomerate, a rock formed when rock naturally
fragments like pebbles are squeezed to- A. Landform
gether. What type of sedimentary rock is
it? B. Model
C. Organism
A. Organic
D. Process of formation
B. Clastic
C. Chemical 108. What are the types of sedimentary
rock?
D. Igneous
A. Igneous; Metamorphic; Sedimentary
103. What statement best describe the pro- B. Clastic; Igneous; Sedimentary
cesses of erosion?
C. Chemical; Clastic; Inorganic
A. Breaking down of any type of rock into
D. Organic; Clastic; Chemical
smaller particles
B. Carrying away of the loose sediments 109. Sedimentary rock type made from bits
of minerals and other Earth material that
C. Forming layers of sediments
were weathered and moved is ?
D. Compaction of sediments sedimentary rock.

1.21 sediments 532
A. clastic 115. What is a type of sedimentary rock?

B. chemical A. Biological
C. organic B. Chemical
D. none of above C. Classic
D. White
110. The MOVEMENT of small pieces of rock
or sand 116. Which agents break down earth materi-
A. deposition als?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. erosion A. wind only
C. weathering B. earthquakes and gravity
D. none of above C. ice and 007
D. wind, water, and ice
111. What type of sediment particles have
worn surfaces and rounded corners? 117. What size sediment makes sandstone?
A. sorted A. Pebble
B. unsorted B. Silt
C. clastic C. Sand
D. dissolved D. none of above
112. Process by which overlying pressure 118. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used
from rocks and soil reduces the size or vol- to be taller than they are now. Which
ume of sediments of the following conditions most likely
caused the mountains to become shorter
A. Compaction over time?
B. Decomposition A. Heat and pressure
C. Deposition B. Soil deposition
D. Erosion C. Rain and wind
113. Students create a demonstration by pour- D. River formation
ing water down a pile of sand. What are 119. Which agent of erosion can usually move
they demonstrating? only sand-sized or smaller particles?
A. weathering A. landslides
B. erosion B. glaciers
C. compaction C. wind
D. cementation D. water
114. Which type of rock most likely contains 120. The movement of weathered material
fossils? (sediment) is called?
A. Shale A. weathering
B. Gabbro B. erosion
C. Schist C. deposition
D. Scoria D. none of above

1.21 sediments 533
121. What causes the pressure necessary to 127. Which process forms salt beds?
form sedimentary rocks? A. deposition

A. chemicals in the rock B. cementation
B. temperatures inside the Earth C. evaporation
C. weight from sediments above D. lithification
D. water flowing over rock
128. What is the breaking down of rocks?
122. The solid form of fossil fuels is A. Weathering
A. petroleum B. Clastic
B. crude oil C. Vesicular
C. natural gas D. none of above
D. coal
129. Halite (rock salt) and gypsum are exam-
123. Another name for a chemical sedimentary ples of which type of sedimentary rock?
rock is A. Chemical
A. clastic B. Organic
B. biochemical C. Clastic
C. an evaporite D. none of above
D. a breccia
130. Process by which weathered and eroded
124. the process by which running water, material is deposited by wind, water, and
wind, or ice carry away bits of broken-up ice
rock A. Deposition
A. weathering B. Erosion
B. sediment C. Evidence
C. erosion D. Fossil fuels
D. cememtation
131. Coal, oil and natural gas formed over mil-
125. Which means the same as lithogenous? lions of years are called
A. biogenous A. rare
B. authigenous B. fuel energy
C. terragenous C. fossil fuels
D. cosmogenous D. ancient fuels
126. The method by which a substance or ob- 132. The movement of weathered material by
ject is formed wind, water, or ice (e.g. glaciers)
A. Process of formation A. Erosion
B. Weathering B. Deposition
C. Weathering C. Cementation
D. Deposition D. Compaction

1.21 sediments 534
133. When sediments are under pressure from 138. What type of sedimentary rock is made
other sediments above them, this is called from sediments from pre existing rocks.
A. clastic
A. cementation B. bio chemical
B. compaction C. chemical
C. weathering D. swen
D. heat and pressure 139. Water getting into cracks, freezing, and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
breaking the rocks or pavement apart
134. When wind, water, or ice carry sedi-
ments across earth’s surface, it is called A. Weathering
B. Erosion
A. weathering C. Deposition
B. erosion D. none of above
C. deposition 140. What is the largest particle in sediment?

D. none of above A. Gravel
B. Sand
135. This keeps sedimentary rock stuck to-
C. Clay
gether.
D. Silt
A. fossils
B. gorilla glue 141. Wavy bands of light and dark minerals
visible in gneiss bedrock probably formed
C. minerals from the
D. sand A. cementing together of individual miner
grains
136. Is a type of sedimentary rock which
B. cooling and crystallization of magma
is used to make glass?
C. evaporation of an ancient ocean
A. Limestone
D. heat and pressure during metamor-
B. Sandstone phism
C. Quartz
142. How do fossil fuels form inside of sedi-
D. None of the above mentary rocks?
A. The organic material heats up as it de-
137. Fuels formed over millions of years from
composes and is compacted
the remains of ancient plants and animals;
examples include coal, petroleum (oil) and B. lava heats it
natural gas C. the sun warms it
A. Fossil fuels D. they weather and erode sediment
B. Organism 143. The liquid form of fossil fuels is
C. Decomposition A. coal
D. Deposition B. oil/petroleum

1.21 sediments 535
C. natural gas 149. Which is the biggest? Silt, Cobble, or

Sand
D. gasoline

A. Silt
144. How might a weathered mountain appear B. Cobble
different than an unweathered mountain?
C. Sand
A. Weathered mountain would be taller.
D. none of above
B. Weathered mountain would be
rounder and less jagged. 150. Which type of sedimentary rock is
formed when minerals that are present in
C. Weathered mountain would be more the rock undergo a chemical reaction
jagged and less rounded.
A. Clastic sedimentary rock
D. Weathered mountain would have no
trees. B. Organic sedimentary rock
C. Chemical sedimentary rock
145. the dropping of sediments in layers.
A. compaction
151. What causes sediment to cement or glue
B. deposition together?
C. erosion A. sand and wind
D. weathering B. salt water
C. ice from a glacier
146. What are some common features found
in sedimentary rocks? D. weathering
A. Ripple marks 152. The sediment has been dropped off in a
B. Fossils pile. What process is this?
A. weathering
C. Striped layers
B. compaction
D. All of the above
C. cementation
147. How does freezing water cause the D. deposition
weathering of rocks? The freezing water-
153. What is an example of an organic rock?
A. keeps the rocks in place
A. coal
B. makes the rocks last longer
B. breccia
C. expands cracks and breaks rocks
C. rock salt
D. causes rocks to fall in landslides
D. shale
148. What is deposition? 154. The word lithification=
A. Breaking down rocks A. rock bearing
B. Moving Sediment B. rock weathering
C. Dropping Sediment C. compaction & cementation
D. Compacting sediment D. erosion

1.21 sediments 536
155. The process by which dead plants and an- A. By color

imals decay or rot B. By hardness
A. Decomposition C. By size
B. Deposition D. none of above
C. Erosion
159. What sized sediment makes shale?
D. Evidence
A. Sand
NARAYAN CHANGDER
156. Which formation process do most sedi- B. Clay
mentary rocks follow?
C. Cobble
A. cementation, compaction, deposition,
erosion D. none of above
B. erosion, compaction, cementation, de- 160. Which is often an organic rock containing
position fossils?
C. erosion, deposition, compaction, ce- A. chert
mentation
B. limestone
D. none of above
C. sandstone
157. Shale is an example of which type of sed- D. breccia
imentary rock?
161. What type of bedding has the heaviest
A. Chemical and coarsest material on the bottom?
B. Organic A. graded
C. Clastic B. clastic
D. none of above C. cementation
158. How is sediment classified/grouped? D. metamorphic

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