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Contents
1 MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 General Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Neurotransmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.3 Synaptic Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
1.4 Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
1.5 Endocrinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
1.6 Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
1.7 Gastrointestinal Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
1.8 Cardiovascular Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
1.9 Blood Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
1.10 Pulmonary Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
1.11 Renal and Acid-Base Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
1. MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 General Physiology
1. Tissue that is specialized for the conduc- A. A-bands and I-bands
tion of electrical impulses is tissue.
B. Actin and Myosin
A. connective
C. Tropomyosin and Troponin
B. neural
D. Zebras and Tigers
C. areolar
D. epithelial 5. The shaft of the bone is also called the
2. Which two parts of the hand attach to A. epiphysis

bone to provide movement and support? B. diaphysis
A. blood vessels C. endosteum
B. skeletal muscles D. periosteum
C. tendons
6. Body heat is lost primarily by
D. ligaments
E. nerves A. conduction
B. convection
3. Example of this joint type includes your
teeth in the jaw as well as the plates of C. evaporation
your skull. D. radiation
A. Immovable Fibrous
7. Sweat cools the body by
B. Partly Movable Fibrous
C. Immovable Cartilaginous A. convection
D. Partly Movable Cartilaginous B. conduction

C. radiation
4. Striations in muscles can best be described
as: D. evaporation
1. B 2. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D
1.1 General Physiology 3
8. Characteristically form an ionic lattice that B. Semi-lunar aortic valve

dissociates after dissolving in water. Re- C. Bicuspid valve
ferred to as electrolytes when they are dis-

solved in water D. Tricuspid valve
A. Proteins 14. Calcium is stored in the and binds to
B. Lipids causing tropomyosin to expose myosin
binding sites on actic
C. Carbohydrates
D. Salt A. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/Troponin
B. Sarcoplasmic Reticlum/Myosin heads
9. This tissue stores energy and insulates.
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum/Troponin
A. Muscle tissue
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum/Myosin heads
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Adipose tissue 15. Before exercise begins the adrenal glands
release adrenaline into the blood stream.
D. Connective tissue
We call this
10. Organic compounds with the general for- A. an increased stroke volume
mula (CH2O), including sugars and glyco-
gen B. an anticipatory rise
A. Lipids C. cardiac hypertrophy
B. Proteins D. hypertension
C. Nucleic Acids 16. Your skin is to your bones
D. Carbohydrates A. deep
11. What part of the muscle fiber stores Ca B. lateral
ions and releases them when stimulated? C. superficial
A. T tubule D. dorsal
B. Sarcolemma
17. An athlete has a low blood platelet count.
C. Nucleus
Which process will be difficult for the ath-
D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum lete’s body?
12. During short bursts of intense exercise, A. Clotting
muscles will use which of the following for B. Transporting oxygen
fuel?
C. Fighting disease
A. glucose
D. Balancing osmolarity
B. fat
C. creatine phosphate 18. A mature bone cell is called a
D. glycogen A. osteon
B. osteocyte
13. Which valve prevents blood flowing back
into the left atrium. C. osteoclast
A. Semi-lunar pulmonary valve D. osteoblast
8. D 9. C 10. D 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D
19. Blood is which type of tissue? 24. The skin appears yellowish if a person eats
too much
A. mesenchyme
B. nerve A. collagen
C. epithelial B. melanin
D. connective C. cyanin
D. carotene
20. Large organic molecule found in the nu-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cleus (DNA and RNA) and in the cytoplasm 25. What does “optimal length” mean when
(RNA) describing a muscle contraction?
A. Carbohydrates A. When the most binding sites are avail-
B. Lipids able to form the most crossbridges
C. Amino Acids B. When the sarcomere is at its shortest
length
D. Nucleic Acids
C. When the sarcomere is at its greatest
21. The ‘flow of deoxygenated blood to the length
lungs and oxygenated blood back to the
D. When the thin filaments overlap each
heart’ describes which type of circula-
other
tion?
A. Double 26. Interior portion of the adrenal gland; pro-
B. Systemic duces epinephrine and norepinepthrine.
C. Pulmonary A. adrenal medulla
D. Cardiac B. adrenal cortex

C. adrenal glands
22. Which of the following muscle types are
voluntary? D. medulla
A. Skeletal 27. Hypothermia is

B. Cardiac A. a lowered body temperature
C. Smooth muscle B. associated with exercising vigorously
D. none of above in the heat
C. a form of hair loss
23. What are organs?
D. accommodated by fever
A. They are specialized structures in the
center of a cell.
28. Centipedes and millipedes are in what sub-
B. They are the basic units of all living phylum?
things.
A. Chelicerata
C. They are groups of specialized tissues
B. Crustacea
that carry out specific functions.
C. Hexapoda
D. They are thin layers of tissue that sur-
rounds a cell. D. Myriapoda
20. D 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A
29. Organs on the side of grasshopper’s body 34. The type of tissue that serves as a lining
that can detect vibrations are called or covering.

A. trachea A. epithelial
B. tympanum B. muscle
C. spiracles C. connective
D. labium D. nervous
30. The right atrio-ventricuilar valve
35. Which suture joins the parietal and occipi-
A. prevents blood from returning to the tal bones together?
right atrium.
A. Coronal
B. prevents blood from returning to the
B. Sagittal
left atrium.
C. prevents blood from returning to the C. Lambdoid
right ventricle. D. Squamous
D. prevents blood from returning to the
36. How do you get graded muscles re-
left ventricle.
sponses? mark all that apply
31. A hormone secreted by the pineal gland A. Changing the frequency of stimulation
that seems to synchronize our body’s daily
rhythms and may induce sleep. B. Changing the strength of the stimulus
A. medulla C. By using different types of neurons to
activated the muscle fibers
B. insulin
D. Changing the % of the fiber types
C. calcitonin
within the muscle being used
D. melatonin
37. Bone is deposited when Check all that
32. Name for a rounded bump that forms a apply.
joint
A. bones are injured
A. Fossa
B. added strength is needed
B. Condyle
C. vitamin C and D levels are extremely
C. Facet
high
D. Meatus
D. bone has just been formed
33. One of the primary functions of the skele-
tal system is to 38. Neuroendocrine gland located just below
the hypothalamus of the brain; with the
A. provide a protective covering and reg- anterior and posterior lobes secretes eight
ulate body temperature hormones.
B. protect the body from disease by de-
A. pituitary gland
veloping immunities
B. thymus gland
C. help in the production of red and white
blood cells C. pineal gland
D. control hormone levels within the body D. thyroid gland
31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. A 36. B 37. A 37. B 38. A 39. C
39. Passive immunity can be acquired through 44. The staircase phenomenon:increased mus-
which of the following methods? cle contraction, increased strength over
time
A. vaccination
A. Treppe
B. infection
B. Tetanus
C. mother’s milk
C. Muscle Energy
D. topical cream
D. Metabolism
NARAYAN CHANGDER
40. Region of the brain forming the floor of the 45. What is not a function of the muscular sys-
third ventricle; helps regulate the body’s tem?
internal environment by secreting releas-
ing factors that affect the secretion of hor- A. Maintaining posture
mones of the anterior pituitary. B. Generating heat
A. hypothalamus C. Movement
B. hyperthyroidism D. Storing red blood cells
C. hypothyroidism 46. Skeletal muscle contracts with different

degrees of strength at different times
D. thymus gland
this is known as
41. The shedding of the exoskeleton is called A. The Graded Strength Principle
A. Dessication B. Tetanus
B. Metamerism C. Treppe
D. Metabolism
C. Tagmatization
D. Ecdysis 47. Which of the following is NOT correct con-
cerning the skin
42. The laryngopharynx and the oropharynx A. The dermis contains smooth muscle
add resonance to sounds produced by the and nervous tissue
larynx. The nasopharynx adds noticeable
B. The dermis is usually thicker than the
resonance to which sounds?
epidermis
A. K, g, t, d C. The epidermis is composed of strati-
B. r, l, y fied squamous epithelium
C. f, sh, s D. The subcutaneous later is between the
dermis and the epidermis
D. m, n, ng
48. Which of the following are G-protein cou-
43. Which of the following MUST be present pled receptors?
for aerobic respiration?
A. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors
A. carbon dioxide B. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
B. lactic acid C. Adrenergic receptors
C. glucose D. B and C only
D. oxygen E. A, B, and C
40. A 41. D 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. A
49. Which of the following are ligand-gated C. Hypertension

ion channels? D. Alkalosis

A. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors
55. A unit used to measure the number of
B. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
atoms of an element or molecules of a com-
C. Adrenergic receptors pound. (6.02 × 1023 )
D. B and C only A. Ion
E. A, B, and C B. Mole
50. Organic molecule that the body uses for C. Isotope
long-term energy storage D. Anion
A. Lipids
56. Milk and ear wax
B. Oils
A. are in the blood
C. Neutral fats
B. are secreted from modified sweat
D. Fats glands
51. Primary hormone produced by the adrenal C. are secreted from modified sebaceous
medulla, also called adrenaline. glands
A. epinephrine D. are not secretions
B. norepinephrine 57. What protein is wrapped around actin that
C. histamine prevents it from contacting myosin
D. insulin A. Troponin
52. As cells are pushed from the deeper por- B. Tropomyosin

tion of the epidermis toward the surface, C. Calcium
A. they divide continually D. None of the above
B. their supply of nutrients improves
58. Neurons that transmit information away
C. they die from the brain are called:
D. they become dermal cells A. Afferent neurons
53. Which of the following is NOT a function B. Efferent neurons
of the muscular system? C. Primary neurons
A. Formation of red blood cells D. Peripheral Neurons
B. Maintain posture
59. Unit of a protein that takes its name from
C. Movement the fact that it contains an amino group
D. Digestion and an acid group
A. Steroid
54. Too much or too little potassium that re-
sults in heartbeat irregularities B. Amino Acid
A. Rickets C. Polypeptide
B. Arrhythmia D. Peptide
50. D 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. B 58. B 59. B 60. A
60. The secondary response of specialized cells 65. External portion of the adrenal gland; its
of the immune system is observed follow- primary hormones, aldosterone and cor-
ing subsequent encounter with the same tisol, influence inflammation, metabolism,
antigen and is more rapid. Which of the interstitial fluid volume, and other func-
following cell types is responsible for initi- tions.
ating the secondary immune response? A. adrenal glands
A. memory cells B. adrenal medulla
B. macrophages
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. adrenal cortex
C. cytotoxic T cells D. cortex
D. plasma B cells
66. Which is a definition of vital capacity?
61. What is listed from smallest to largest cor- A. Volume of air in the lungs after a max-
rectly? imum inhalation
A. Sarcomere, fascicle, muscle fiber B. Maximum volume of air that can be ex-
B. Myofibril, sarcomere, fascicle haled after a maximum inhalation
C. Sarcomere, myofibril, muscle fiber C. Volume of air in excess of tidal volume
D. Myofibril, fascicle, sarcomere that can be forcibly exhaled
D. Volume of air breathed in and out in
62. Where are B and T lymphocytes pro- any one breath
duced?
A. thymus 67. What two chemicals are necessary for
muscle contraction to occur?
B. pancreas
A. Niacin and Potassium
C. bone marrow
B. Calcium and ATP
D. thryoid
C. Sodium and Potassium
63. Which of the following was NOT a famous D. Ach and Potassium
WW2 general?
A. Truman 68. The name for the specific cell that each hor-
mone will individually regulate.
B. Eisenhower
A. target cell
C. Patton
B. cortisol
D. MacArthur
C. cortex
64. Organic compound that includes a fatty D. pancreas
acid molecule having one or more double
bonds between the atoms of its carbon 69. Which cranial bone forms the roof and
chain sides of the cranial cavity?
A. Amino acid A. Frontal
B. Unsaturated fatty acid B. Parietal
C. Fatty acid C. Occipital
D. Nucleic acid D. Temporal
61. C 62. C 63. A 64. B 65. C 66. B 67. B 68. A 69. B 70. B
70. Which are principal structures of the venti- B. tibia

latory system? I. LungsII. HeartIII. Alveoli
C. radius

A. I and II only
D. talus
B. I and III only
C. II and III only 76. The pulmonary semilunar valve
D. I, II and III A. prevents blood from returning to the
right atrium.
71. Simple sugar, a carbohydrate that cannot
be decomposed by hydrolysis B. prevents blood from returning to the
left atrium.
A. Polysaccharide
C. prevents blood from returning to the
B. Monosaccharide right ventricle.
C. Disaccharide
D. prevents blood from returning to the
D. Nucleic acid left ventricle.
72. The type of tissue that transmits and inte- 77. Which of the following body systems pro-
grates messages. vides a protective covering and controls
A. Epithelial body temperature?
B. Connective A. the immune system
C. Nervous B. the skeletal system
D. Muscular C. the integumentary system
73. General term for the inner zone of an or- D. the respiratory system
gan.
A. medulla 78. What does systolic blood pressure mea-
sure?
B. insulin
A. The force exerted on venous walls dur-
C. melatonin ing atrial contraction
D. cortex
B. The force exerted on arterial walls dur-
74. How does an increased erythrocyte level ing atrial contraction
benefit an athlete? C. The force exerted on venous walls dur-
A. By increasing the oxygen carrying ca- ing ventricular contraction
pacity of the blood D. The force exerted on arterial walls dur-
B. By decreasing the capacity of the blood ing ventricular contraction
to clot in case of an injury
79. A compound formed by the union of many
C. By increasing the ability of the body to
amino acid molecules
fight infection
D. By decreasing viscosity of the blood A. Monopeptide
B. Dipeptide
75. Which of the following is NOT an example
of a long bone? C. Polypeptide
A. humerus D. Polysaccharide
71. B 72. C 73. A 74. A 75. D 76. C 77. C 78. D 79. C 80. B
80. Bond that joins two amino acids 86. Which muscle contraction results from a
A. Hydrogen bond high amount of Ca still remaining in the
muscle
B. Peptide bond
A. Treppe
C. Ionic bond
B. Tetanus
D. Amino bond
C. Muscle Energy
81. Hormone released by the parathyroid D. Metabolism
NARAYAN CHANGDER
glands that regulates blood calcium levels.
A. steroid hormone 87. Thin filaments in a myofibril are
B. parathyroid gland A. Sarcomeres

B. Sarcoplasm
C. nonsteroid hormone
C. Actin
D. parathyroid hormone
D. Myosin
82. Which of the following is not regulated by
homeostasis? 88. Individuals at elevated risk for hypother-
mia include
A. body temperature
A. the very old and the very young
B. blood sugar
B. homeless people exposed to the out-
C. blood pH
doors
D. body movements
C. very thin people
83. The functional unit that makes up compact D. all of the answers choices are correct
bone is called the
89. Chemical reaction in which larger
A. Osteon
molecules are broken down into smaller
B. Trabeculae and simpler molecules
C. Central Canal A. Synthesis reaction
D. Osteocyte B. Replacement reaction
84. Which part of your brain controls mem- C. Degradation decomposition reaction
ory? D. Hydrolysis reaction
A. cerebrum
90. Sebaceous glands secrete
B. cerebellum A. sweat in the armpits
C. medulla B. fat globules that much with cellular de-
D. neurons bris, forming sebum
85. An organism that relies on the environ- C. mucus
ment for body heat should be classed as: D. hormones
A. Poikilotherm 91. Which blood vessel returns oxygenated
B. Homeotherm blood to the heart.
C. Endotherm A. Pulmonary vein
D. Ectotherm B. Vena Cava
81. D 82. D 83. A 84. A 85. D 86. B 87. C 88. D 89. C 90. B 91. A
C. Pulmonary Artery airflowII. Provide a site for gaseous ex-

D. Aorta changeIII. Warm and moisten the air

A. I and II only
92. These are composed of a ring of connective
B. I and III only
tissue and muscle extending from the tips
of the arytenoid cartilages to the epiglot- C. II and III only
tis. They separate the laryngeal vestibule D. I, II and III
from the pharynx and help preserve the
airway. 97. Homeostasis
A. Ventricular folds A. allows for a wildly fluctuating internal
B. True vocal folds environment
B. is impossible in vertebrates
C. Lamina Propria
C. is the maintenance of a relatively sta-
D. Aryepiglottic folds
ble internal environment and often incor-
93. Which blood vessel pumps oxygenated porates a form of feedback regulation
blood at high pressure from the heart to D. is the maintenance of a relatively sta-
the body. ble external environment and often incor-
A. Pulmonary vein porates a form of feedback regulation
B. Vena Cava 98. Which of the following is an adaptation for

C. Pulmonary Artery thermoregulation?
D. Aorta A. excretion
B. digestion of lactose
94. The human integumentary system includes
C. shivering
D. swelling
A. skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat
glands. 99. Which part of the hand provides shape &
B. bones and muscles support?
C. only one type of tissue A. blood vessels
D. the epidermis, dermis, and subcuta- B. nerves
neous layer C. bones
95. A sugar formed when two monosaccha- D. muscles
rides are joined by dehydration reaction E. tendons & ligaments
A. Polysaccharide
100. Epithelial cells that are designed for ab-
B. Polypeptide sorption or secretion usually have at
C. Disaccharide their free surface.
D. Monosaccharide A. mitochondria
B. flagella
96. Which statement(s) about the functions
of the conducting airways is/are correct? C. microvilli
I. Provide a low resistance pathway for D. Golgi complexes
92. D 93. D 94. A 95. C 96. B 97. C 98. C 99. C 100. C 101. A
101. A metal ion, vitamin, or other substance 106. When binds to troponin, changes
that acts with an enzyme to bring about shape, exposing the acive sites of actin.
certain effects; also called a coenzyme
A. Calcium; tropomyosin
A. Cofactors B. Acetylcholine; tropomyosin
B. Protein C. myosin; actin
C. Polypeptide D. Calcium; actin
D. Peptide bond
NARAYAN CHANGDER
107. A hormone secreted by the pancreas that
102. From wrist to fingertip, what is the order enhances the uptake of glucose by cells,
of bones? thus lowering blood glucose levels.
A. Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges A. medulla
B. Phalanges, metacarpals, carpals B. insulin
C. Carpals, phalanges, metacarpals C. histamine
D. Metacarpals, carpals, phalanges D. hormone
108. The nail plate is produced by

103. Unless there is an influence on a car-
diac muscle cell, it will depolarize approx- A. melanocytes
imately times a minute. B. fibroblasts
A. 100 C. specialized epithelial cells
B. 80 D. bone cells
C. 50
109. An organ consists of
D. 30
A. one variety of each of the four tissue
104. The SL valves close because types
A. the cordae tendinae pull them closed. B. at least four tissues grouped together
that function together
B. blood rushing back to the ventricles is
caught in the little ‘cups’ of the valves and C. two or more tissues grouped together
pushes the edges together. that function together
C. the elastic artery pulls them closed. D. skin and bones
D. the ventricles put more pressure on 110. Epithelial tissue in the body
them than the artery.
A. carries messages to and from the
brain
105. the chemical that accumulates in muscles
when oxygen is depleted B. is fibrous tissue that binds and sup-
ports other body tissues and organs
A. myoglobin
C. contracts and moves various parts of
B. hemoglobin
the body
C. lactic acid
D. is seen within many body parts such as
D. carbon dioxide mucous membranes and the skin
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111. Which of these is an irregular bone(s)? 116. Heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV) =
A. Pelvis A. Cardiac output (Q)

B. Humerus B. Venus return
C. Phalanges C. Stroke volume
D. Tarsals D. Blood volume
112. Which of the following motor units would 117. Substance, usually of plant origin and liq-
allow for greater, more precise, muscular uid at room temperature, formed when a
control? glycerol molecule reacts with three fatty
A. A motor unit made up of a motor neu- acid molecules
ron and 5 muscle fibers. A. Steroid
B. A motor unit made up of a motor neu- B. Saturated fatty acid
ron and 10 muscle fibers. C. Unsaturated fatty acid
C. A motor unit made up of a motor neu- D. Oil
ron and 20 muscle fibers.
118. Which type of Synovial Joint has the
D. A motor unit made up of a motor neu-
most limited range or motion in only one
plane.
E. A motor unit made up of a motor neu- A. Ball and Socket
B. Hinge
113. Lipid-soluble, biologically active C. Saddle
molecules having four interlocking rings;
examples are cholesterol, progesterone, D. Condyloid
and testosterone. 119. What are two other terms for the bones
A. Triglycerides in your fingers
B. Steriods A. digits
C. Oils B. metacarpals
D. Emulsifiers C. carpals
D. phalanges
114. Match the description:spreading of an
electric impulse to the deepest myofibrils 120. Shafts of hair are composed of
A. Sarcolemma A. living dermal cells
B. sarcoplasmic reticulum B. dead epidermal cells
C. T-Tubules C. dead dermal cells
D. Mitochondria D. living epidermal cells
115. Which suture joins the frontal to the 2 121. The term for maintaining internal temper-
parietal, is also the most anterior ature is:
A. Coronal A. Thermoregulation
B. Lambdoid B. Thermometer
C. Squamous C. Homeothermal
D. Sagittal D. Homeostasis

122. What is a synapse? 127. control the cell’s activities; contains the
cell’s DNA
A. The space between the axon of one
neuron and the cell that is receiving a sig- A. mitochondria
nal B. cell membrane
B. a chemical signalling molecule C. nucleus
C. a type of neuron D. golgi body
D. a part of the axon
NARAYAN CHANGDER
128. Put the following structures from biggest
123. A motor unit is made up of to smallest
A. all the muscle fibers within a given A. Muscles-Facile-Muscle fiber-myofibril-
muscle myofilaments
B. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers B. Myofilaments-Facile-Myofibril-Muscle

it innervates fiber-Muscle
C. all the neurons going into an individual C. Muscles-Facile-Muscle fiber-Myofilaments-

section of the body Myofibril
D. a fascicle and a nerve D. Myofilaments-myofibril-Muscle fiber-

Facile-Muscle
124. The electrical impulse begins at the pace-
129. Which of the following types of tissue in
maker:a mass of cardiac cells known as the
the body controls as well as coordinates
all functions of the body?
A. Atrio-ventricular node (AVN)
A. connective tissue
B. Bundle of His
B. nerve tissue
C. Bundle branches
C. muscle tissue
D. Sino-atrial node (SAN)
D. epithelial tissue
125. Apocrine sweat glands are most abun- 130. Any substance that ionizes and conducts
dant on or in the electricity; present in the body fluids and
A. axilla tissues
B. palms of the hands A. Electrolytes
C. forehead B. Steroids
D. neck C. Lipids
D. Carbohydrates
126. Chemical reaction involving both decom-
position and synthesis, in which two new 131. Combination of atoms in which the electri-
compounds are formed cal charge is not distributed symmetrically
A. Synthesis reactions A. Nonpolar molecule
B. Replacement reactions B. Ionic molecule
C. Degradation decomposition reactions C. Covalent molecule
D. Dehydration reaction D. Polar molecule

132. Which of the following is NOT a capital 137. When you bend your fingers into your
city of a United States’ State? palm, this is known as

A. New Orleans A. abduction
B. Topeka B. extension
C. Albany C. adduction
D. Carson City D. flexion
138. ‘Transport nutrients/ red blood cells/

133. If I step on a nail what type of neu-
white blood cells/ maintaining normal
ron take that signal TO the CENTRAL NER-
blood pressure/ maintain homeostasis’
VOUS SYSTEM?
describes which type of blood?
A. interneurons
A. White blood cells
B. motor B. Red blood cells
C. sensory C. Platelets
D. receptors D. Plasma
134. ‘Contain a red-coloured compound called 139. The system that is responsible for the
haemoglobin which bonds with oxygen production of gametes is the
to form oxyhaemoglobin’ describes which A. excretory system
type of blood?
B. reproductive system
C. nervous system
B. Red blood cells
D. integumentary system
C. Platelets
140. Match the description:cell membrane of a
D. Plasma muscle cell.
135. The muscle that contracts during move- A. Sarcolemma
ment is called the B. sarcoplasmic reticulum
A. agonist C. T-Tubules
B. antagonist D. Mitochondria
C. synergist 141. Which valve prevents expelled blood
D. none of above flowing back into the left ventricle?
A. Semi-lunar pulmonary valve
136. Neurons are cells of the nervous system
that receive and transmit signals. Which B. Semi-lunar aortic valve
part of a neuron transmits signals from the C. Bicuspid valve
cell body to other cells? D. Tricuspid valve
A. axon
142. What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticu-
B. dendrites lum and released when excited?
C. neurotransmitters A. Calcium
D. nucleus B. Acetylcholine

C. Sodium C. is a normal response to stress or in-

D. Uranium jury
D. is a result or exposure to very low tem-
143. Breaking up of fat globules into smaller peratures
droplets by the action of bile and salts
148. A hormone containing four iodine
A. Degradation decomposition
molecules that is secreted by the thyroid
B. Lipid dehydration gland
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Emulsification A. melatonin
D. Phospolipid denaturation B. histamine
144. Which one of the following is a key char- C. hormone
acteristic of the largest muscle fibers? D. thyroxine
A. They are Red in color, meaning they 149. Which organs system provides support,
contain a lot of mitochondria protection of soft tissue, mineral storage,
B. They contract rapidly with great force and blood formation?
but fatigue fast (as they use creatine phos- A. integumentary
phate pathway)
B. nervous
C. They are recruited for long duration ac-
tivities C. muscular
D. endocrine
D. They contain high numbers of Mito-
chondria E. skeletal
145. OUTER COVERING OF BONE THAT COV- 150. Excessive amounts of bases in body flu-
ERS DIAPHYSIS AND IS LOCATION WHERE ids
MUSCLES ATTACH A. Alkalosis
A. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE B. Basidosis
B. OSTEON C. Acidosis
C. HAVERSIAN CANAL D. Electrolosis
D. PERIOSTEUM 151. Which of the following happens first af-
146. The “fight or flight” response during ter a scab forms?
threatening situations in the role of the: A. the scrap sloughs off
A. sympathetic nervous system B. phagocytosis cells remove dead mate-
rial
B. parasympathetic system
C. blood vessels send out new branches
C. somatic nervous system
under the scab
D. cerebellum
D. fibroblasts from the wound edge form
147. Inflammation new collagenous fibers
A. is a type of infection 152. In general, the nervous system does each
B. is an abnormal response to injury or of the following, except
stress A. help to maintain homeostasis.

B. respond rapidly to change. 158. In an organic molecule, a particular side

C. direct long-term responses to change. chain attached to a larger molecule, which
then gives the larger molecule its charac-

D. direct very specific responses. teristic properties (ex:electrical charge or
153. Which of these occurs first during a mus- solubility)
cle contraction? A. Triglycerides
A. The nerve signal reaches the neuro- B. Lipids
muscular junction
C. Functional group
B. Ach is released and opens Na ion chan-
nels D. Phospholipids
C. The sarcomere shortens 159. Excessive accumulation of acids in body
D. The myosin binds to the actin fluids
154. Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands A. Alkalosis
A. usually are associated with hair folli- B. Acidosis

cles C. Aciditis
B. respond primarily to elevated body D. Lactic acid build-up
temperature
C. respond primarily to emotional stress 160. Hormone producing glands located atop
the kidneys. Each consists of medulla and
D. usually are associated with hair folli- cortex areas.
cles
A. adrenal cortex
155. Click all that apply. Which of these make
B. adrenal medulla
up a motor unit?
C. adrenal glands
A. Motor neuron
B. Motor fiber D. pineal gland
C. Muscle 161. Which part of the brain controls balance
D. Nerve and body position?
156. The three types of muscle tissue are A. cerebrum
A. skeletal, smooth, and cardiac B. medulla

B. dense, loose, and striated C. cerebellum
C. squamous, cuboidal, and columnar D. impluses
D. skeletal, smooth, and connective 162. A component of a cell’s outer membrane
157. If cartilage remains in this “specific” and is the precursor of several other
area, then growth is still occurring; it is steroids; such as the male sex hormone
located at the end of long bone testosterone
A. Epipyseal plate A. Steroid
B. Medulary Cavity B. Lipid
C. Diaphysis C. Cholesterol
D. Endosteum D. Triglyceride

163. What is the structure that blocks the 169. The part of the autonomic nervous
binding sites for Myosin along the Actin system is active during resting.
fibers? A. sympathetic
A. Troponin B. parasympathetic
B. Ca C. somatic
C. Tropomyosin D. peripheral
D. Sarcolema 170. Which ARE TYPES of Synovial Joints
NARAYAN CHANGDER
164. BONE CELL THAT BUILDS BONE A. Immovable
A. OSTEON B. Partly Movable
B. OSTEOCYTE C. Ball and Socket
C. OSTEOCLAST D. Hinge
D. OSTEOBLAST E. Saddle
165. If an arthropod goes through a complete 171. Bone formed by needlelike pieces of bone
life cycle with several distinct stages, it and lots of space are called
would be considered A. Spongy bone
A. hemimetabolous B. Cartilage
B. ametabolous C. Compact bone
C. holometabolous D. none of above
D. ecdysis 172. What famous basketball player stared in
166. Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated Space Jam?
blood from the heart to the lungs. A. Michael Jordan
A. Pulmonary vein B. Lebron James
B. Vena Cava C. Gary Payton
C. Pulmonary Artery D. Wilt Chamberlain
D. Aorta 173. Which of the following is the most super-
ficial of the things listed?
167. Too much sodium in the blood which
causes high blood pressure A. Endomysium
A. Arrhythmia B. Muscle fiber

C. Myofilaments
B. Hypertension
D. actin
C. Hypotension
D. Rickets 174. Amount of energy needed to change an
object’s temperature exactly by 18 de-
168. Six-carbon sugar grees celsius
A. Pentose A. Heat of vaporization
B. Hexose B. Specific heat capacity
C. Maltose C. Change of state temperature
D. Dextrose D. Specific state capacity

175. This integral membrane protein is respon- 180. Osteblasts form bones while osteoclasts
sible for the formation of the gap junction
channels of electrical synapses:

A. continue the process
A. Na+/K+/ATPase B. resorb bones
B. Connexin C. form bones
C. Voltage-gated Na+ channel D. deposit calcium
D. Voltage-gated K+ channel 181. The right ventricle sends blood to the
E. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel A. pulmonary trunk
176. Bone forming cells are called B. aorta
A. osteoblasts C. pulmonary artery
B. osteocytes D. pulmonary vein
C. osteoclasts 182. Thick filaments are in a myofibril are

D. osteons A. ATPase
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
177. The following are all functions of the mus-
cular system EXCEPT: C. Actin
A. Maintaining posture D. Myosin
B. Generating body heat 183. The protein that covers the binding site
on actin when a muscle is relaxed is called
C. Stabilizing joints
A. Troponin
D. Producing red blood cells (hematopoiesis)
B. Myosin
178. Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris C. Tropomyosin
within loose connective tissue are
D. Myofibril
A. fibroblasts.
184. Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
B. macrophages.
that regulates sodium reabsorption.
C. adipocytes.
A. epinephrine
D. melanocytes. B. histamine
179. What is the most accurate description of C. aldosterone
fascia D. hormone
A. Connective tissue surrounding mus-
185. Another “General” term used to describe
cles and muscle cells
a ‘bone joint’ is
B. Muscle tissue on the outside of other
A. Articulation
muscle tissue
B. Symphysis
C. Connective tissue that lines the inside
of muscle cells C. Chondroses
D. Muscle tissue that connects muscles D. Synchondromes

together E. Reticulation

186. A group of lipid-based chemicals synthe- 191. Lipid composed of three fatty acids com-
sized by most tissue cells that act as local bined with a glycerol molecule
messengers. A. Cholesterol
A. prostaglandins B. Lipids
B. thyroid gland C. Triglycerides
C. adrenal gland D. Glycogen
D. pineal gland
NARAYAN CHANGDER
192. Small endocrine glands located on the thy-
roid gland that produce parathyroid hor-
187. Tendons and ligaments ae known as: mone.
A. Muscle tissue A. thyroid gland
B. Epithelial tissue B. parathyroid hormone
C. Dense fibrous tissue C. thymus gland
D. Connective tissue D. parathyroid gland
188. The skin wrinkles with age because 193. What is a single “contraction” of a
myosin head called?
A. fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer
and the dermis shrinks A. Power Stroke
B. Power pull
B. epidermal calls undergo a burst of cell
division C. Myosation
C. the number of sweat glands dimin- D. Power O
ishes 194. A hole or opening; serves as a passage
D. collagen degrades in the subcuta- way for blood vessels and nerves
neous layer as the epidermis shrinks A. meatus
189. The entire process of a myosin and actin B. foramen
binding and contracting and releasing is C. fissure
refered to as the Theory.
D. trochanter
A. Sliding Filament
195. Weak attraction between a partially pos-
B. Big Bang itive hydrogen and a partially negative
C. Pulling Fragment oxygen or nitrogen some distance away;
found in proteins and nucleic acids
D. Sliding Protein
A. Ionic Bond
190. Which thin filament protein bind to Ca B. Covalent Bond
during muscle contraction?
C. Hydrogen Bond
A. Actin D. Peptide Bond
B. Myosin
196. Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin
C. Troponin by stimulating synthesis of
D. Tropomyosin A. melanin

B. cyanin 202. ‘An upper chamber receiving de-

C. hemoglobin oxygenated blood’ describes which cham-
ber of the heart?

D. carotene
A. Left atrium
197. Match the description:Fictional area of a B. Left ventricle
sarcommere, probably containing unicorns
and leprachauns C. Right Atrium
A. H-Zone D. Right Ventricle
B. I-band 203. Which of the following is NOT striated?
C. A-band A. Smooth
D. O-band B. Cardiac
198. A nail consists of C. Skeletal
A. a nail bed and nail plate D. Zebra
B. bone 204. Ductless gland that secretes one or more
C. dense connective tissue hormones into the bloodstream.
D. collagen and elastin A. endocrine system
B. exocrine system
199. The cranial nerve that innervates the lar-
ynx and also innervates the levator veli C. adrenal glands
palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyn- D. endocrine gland
geal muscle is
205. The functions of skin include
A. CN X, the vagus nerve
A. regulating body temperatures
B. CN V, the trigeminal nerve
B. housing sensory receptors
C. CN XI, the spinal accessory nerve
C. acting as a protective covering
D. CN VII, the facial nerve
D. all of the above
200. What are the divisions of the Peripheral
Nervous System? 206. Carbohydrate composed of many bonded
A. Somatic & Motor glucose units; ex:glycogen
B. Brake & Motor A. Polysaccharide
C. Somatic & Autonomic B. Disaccharide
D. Sensory & Motor C. Monosaccharide

D. Polypeptide
201. Under normal conditions, what is the per-
centage saturation of hemoglobin in red 207. An important structure adjacent to the
blood cells as they leave the lungs? brainstem that contains the hypothalamus
A. 68.5% (which controls emotions) and the thala-
mus (which relays sensory impulses to var-
B. 78.5% ious portions of the cerebral cortex) is
C. 88.5% called:
D. 98.5% A. Mesencephalon

B. Diencephalon 213. The red bone marrow makes cells.

C. Superior cerebellar peduncle A. blood
D. Postcentral gyrus B. cancer
208. What is stored in the synaptic knob at C. large

the motor end plate and released when ex- D. normal
cited?
214. From the smallest functional units to the
A. Calcium
NARAYAN CHANGDER
largest, the body is organized as follows:
B. Acetylcholine A. cell, system, organ, tissue, body.
C. Sodium B. organ, cell, tissue, system, body.
D. Dopamine C. system, organ, tissue, cell, body.
209. Solution in which pH is more than 7; a D. cell, tissue, organ, system, body.
substance that contributes or liberates hy-
215. Another name for triglycerides, nonpolar
droxide ions in a solution; alkaline
and have no electrical charge
A. Acid
A. Phospholipids
B. Base
B. Oils
C. Emulsifier
C. Neutral fats
D. Electrolyte
D. Steroids
210. Which of these is a flat bone?
216. Which suture holds the parietal and tem-
A. Vertebra poral bones together?
B. Tibia A. Squamous
C. Fibula B. Sagittal
D. Frontal C. Coronal
211. These are immovable joints that hold the D. Lambdoid
skull bones together
217. The process of cell reproduction that oc-
A. Facial curs when a cell divides into two identical
B. Sutures daughter cells is known as
C. Squamous A. anabolism
D. Vomer B. catabolism
C. mitosis
212. Which type of Synovial Joint provides the
greatest ‘range of motion’? D. meiosis
A. Ball and Socket 218. Normal core temperature =
B. Hinge A. 37 degrees celsius
C. Saddle B. 34 degrees celsius
D. Ellipsoid C. 39 degrees celsius
E. Pivot D. 40 degrees celsius

219. Which of the following is the most super- C. thermostats

ficial? D. cellular demands

A. Epimysium
225. Anabolic process that joins small
B. Muscle
molecules and releases water as a by-
C. Perimysium product of the reaction; synthesis reaction
D. Fasicle A. Hydrolysis reaction
220. All of these are part of the innate immune B. Synthesis reaction
response except: C. Dehydration synthesis
A. B cells D. Dehydration reaction
B. mast cells
226. Structure holding together ions
C. natural killer cells
A. Ionic bond
D. macrophages
B. Ionic lattice
221. Which of the following is the name given
C. Covalent lattice
to the connective tissue that covers of a
muscle fascicle or bundle of muscle? D. Ionic lettuce
A. Endomysium 227. What is the number of bones that com-
B. Perimysium pose the adult skeleton?
C. Epimysium A. 205
D. Myofilament B. 206
222. Muscles that oppose or do the reverse of C. 208
a certain movement are called D. 200
A. Synergists
228. Controlling body temperature is called
B. Fixators
C. Antagonists A. Hyperthermia
D. Agonists B. Hypothermia
223. Which term is used to describe the eye C. Thermoregulation
socket?
D. Coagulation
A. Otic
229. Body system that includes all of the
B. Manible
hormone-secreting organs and glands; in-
C. Frontal volved in coordination and control of body
D. Orbital activities.
A. endocrine system
224. As a general rule, hormone concentra-
tions are controlled by B. neuroendocrine cell
A. positive feedback C. exocrine gland
B. negative feedback D. endocrine gland

230. If I step on a nail what type of neu- D. they have fast calcium channels to con-
rons take the response to my muscles? tract quickly.
A. motor
235. What can be found in the central canal of
B. interneurons the haversian canal system?
C. sensory A. osteocytes
D. not neurons, muscle tissue sends the B. lamella
response
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. blood vessels and nerves
231. What causes the release of the myosin D. red blood cells
head from the actin?
A. ATP 236. ‘They defend against disease. They are
vital to health and preventing infection af-
B. Calcium
ter injury’ describes which type of blood?
C. Acetylcholine
D. Troponin
B. Red blood cells
232. Capillaries have specific features to en- C. Platelets
sure they are efficient, select the correct
answer below to describe these features. D. Plasma
A. Small surface area and one cell thick 237. Which branch of the vagus nerve (cranial
B. Large surface area, moist and one cell nerve X) innervates the cricothyroid mus-
thick cle?
C. Two cells thick, large surface area and A. Superior laryngeal nerve
moist. B. Lateral laryngeal nerve
D. Moist, thick and muscular
C. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
233. ‘A lower chamber containing oxygenated D. Pharyngeal Branch
blood’ describes which chamber of the
heart? 238. Atom whose nucelus undergoes degener-
A. Left atrium ation and in the process gives off radiation
B. Left ventricle A. Radioactive element

C. Right Atrium B. Electronegative
D. Right Ventricle C. Radioactive isotope
D. Ionic lattice
234. All the statements concerning cardiac
muscle cells are true except 239. What is not one of the three phases of
A. they are individual cells held together muscle contraction?
by desmosomes.
A. Cross bridge cycle
B. they depolarize by allowing sodium to
B. Excitation-contraction
flow into the cell through a gap junction.
C. Regeneration
C. they are connected to an intrinsic con-
duction system. D. Activation

240. Amount of energy needed to turn water 245. Inflammation makes skin
into steam
A. cool and clammy

A. Specific heat capacity
B. secrete abundant antibodies
B. Heat of Vaporization
C. red, swollen and painful to touch
C. Synthesis reaction
D. peel off
D. Vaporizing heat pressure
246. which is a function of the pelvic girdle
241. Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells
are characteristic of A. supports the trunk
A. smooth muscle tissue. B. moves the legs, trunk, and hip
B. cardiac muscle tissue. C. provides attachment for muscles that
C. skeletal muscle tissue. balance
D. nerve tissue. D. all of the above
242. What causes an increase in ventilation? 247. enzyme that breaks down the muscle cell
neurotransmitter and ends the impulse
A. A decrease in carbon dioxide content
in the blood A. lactase
B. A decrease in hydrogen ions in the B. sucrase
blood
C. lipase
C. A decrease in blood pH
D. acetylcholinterase
D. A decrease in blood acidity
248. The or “Soft spots” in the cranium
243. What is the best description of a sarcom- of an infant allow for enlargement of the
ere? skull as the brain grows.
A. One functional unit that repeats thou- A. sinuses
sands of times
B. foramina
B. Once muscle cell unit that connects to
other muscle cell units C. fontanelle
C. One bundle of myofilaments that dif- D. sutures
fers from sarcommere to sarcommere
249. Which of the following statements about
D. One big thing connected to other
the muscular system is true?
things, making things happen
A. It protects the body from illness.
244. Which type of bone cells are responsible
for dissolving old bone matrix? B. It eliminates toxic substances that can
affect other body system functions.
A. Osteoblasts
C. It coordinates with all other body sys-
B. Osteoclasts tems.
C. Osteocytes
D. It is affected by massages performed
D. Osteons during cosmetology services.

250. Glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal 254. What cardiovascular adaptations can re-
cortex, also called hydrocortisone, that sult from endurance training?
during fasting assists in maintaining blood
A. Increased left ventricular volume and
glucose levels by promoting the utilization
increased capillarization
of fats by increasing the breakdown of pro-
tein to amino acids in muscle. B. Decreased left ventricular volume and
increased capillarization
A. hormone
C. Decreased left ventricular volume and
B. cortex
NARAYAN CHANGDER
decreased arterio-venous oxygen differ-
C. cortisol ence
D. calcitonin D. Increased left ventricular volume and
decreased arterio-venous oxygen differ-
251. What is the name of the protein myofila- ence
ment that pulls the actin towards the cen-
ter of the Sarcomere? 255. The anterior cerebral artery supplies
A. Fascicle blood to the to the
B. Actin A. Corpus callosum and basal ganglia
C. Myosin B. Corpus striatum
D. Titin C. Caudate nucleus and globus pallidus

D. Lateral surface of the cortex
252. Involves an overactive thyroid gland and
hypersecretion of thyroid hormone and can 256. An osteocyte “lives” in
create hyperactivity, nervousness, agita-
tion, and weight loss. A. lacunae
A. hypothalamus B. lamellae
B. hypothyroidism C. Haversian canals
C. hyperthyroidism D. Volkmann’s canals
D. thyroxine 257. Perimysium surrounds each
253. Which of the following steps occurs last A. Myobfibril

in this series? B. Fascicle
A. Calcium enters the neuron and at- C. Muscle fiber
taches to synaptic vesicles that carry
acetylcholine D. Muscle
B. sodium enters and an action potential 258. The system that recognizes and attacks
occurs across the sarcolemma foreign substances is known as the
C. calcium attaches to troponin and A. integumentary system
causes a change in the shape of the
B. immune system
tropomyosin
C. digestive system
D. the myosin head binding sites are ex-
posed D. nervous system

259. Which muscle characteristic allows the 265. The intrinsic conduction system is made
muscle to return to resting length after of
contraction?

A. modified cardiac muscle cells that
A. Contractility have no myofilaments.
B. Excitability B. modified neuron cell bodies.
C. Extensibility C. axons of the parasympathetic nervous
D. Tension system.
D. modified cells of the fibrous skeleton.
260. Insects that produce aquatic larvae called
naiads are 266. A type of cell in the hypothalamus that
A. Ametabolous essentially functions as both a nerve cell
and an endocrine cell because it generates
B. Hemimetabolous
nerve impulses and releases hormone into
C. Holometabolous blood vessels.
D. none of above A. target cell
261. The cardiac control centre (CCC) is located B. neuroendocrine cell
in the C. endocrine system
A. sympathetic system D. endocrine gland
B. medulla oblongata
267. Which muscle type is striated and invol-
C. parasympathetic system
untary
D. Purjunke fibres
A. Skeletal
262. Match the description:Area defining the B. Cardiac
beginning and end of myosin
C. Smooth
A. H-Zone
D. none of above
B. I-band
C. A-band 268. This tissue can only contract-it is used
to produce heat, pump blood and undergo
D. O-band peristalsis.
263. BONE CELL THAT DESTROYS BONE A. Cardiac tissue
A. OSTEON B. Smooth Muscle
B. OSTEOCYTE C. Skeletal Muscle
C. OSTEOCLAST D. Muscle Tissue
D. OSTEOBLAST
269. Osteoblasts’ function is to
264. This lines the medullary cavity A. signal to osteocytes when to secrete
A. Periosteum more bone matrix
B. Endosteum B. mature into osteoclasts
C. Diaphysis C. break down old bone matrix
D. Osteoblasts D. secrete bone matrix

270. In a covalent molecule, the atom(s) that 276. Where is calcium stored in a muscle
tend to retain electrons and thus possess fiber?
a partial negative charge A. Sarcolemma
A. Electronegative B. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
B. Electropositive C. T-tubule
C. Radioactive Isotope D. Sarcomere
D. Polar covalent bond
277. Solution in which pH is less than 7; sub-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
271. Which valve prevents blood flowing back stance that contributes or liberates hydro-
into the right atrium from the ventricle. gen ions in a solution
A. Semi-lunar pulmonary valve A. Base
B. Semi-lunar aortic valve B. Acid
C. Bicuspid valve C. Electrolyte
D. Tricuspid valve D. Cholesterol
272. males have a pelvic girdle 278. Which of the following is NOT a category
A. larger and heavier of bone?
B. wider and shallower A. short
C. wider and heavier B. irregular
D. smaller and shallower C. fat
D. flat
273. The hardness of a nail comes from
A. calcium 279. Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
B. collagen A. causes fatigue
C. keratin B. produces lactic acid
D. carotene C. occurs with a lack of oxygen
D. all of these
274. A condition caused by a failure of the
adrenal cortex to secrete sufficient corti- 280. Which of these is a long bone?
sol and aldosterone.
A. Femur
A. Cushing’s syndrome
B. Patella
B. aldosterone
C. Scapula
C. adrenal glands
D. Carpal
D. Addison’s disease
281. The left semilunar valve
275. The SL valves close when
A. prevents blood from returning to the
A. the ventricles relax enough that the right atrium.
pressure in the artery is higher.
B. prevents blood from returning to the
B. the ventricles just begin to relax. left atrium.
C. the atria begins to relax. C. prevents blood from returning to the
D. the AV node fires. right ventricle.

D. prevents blood from returning to the 287. Which pathway produces 95% of the en-
left ventricle. ergy for muscles?

282. A neurotransmitter and adrenal A. Anaerobic Repsiration
medullary hormone, associated with sym-
pathetic nervous system activation. B. Glycolysis
A. epinephrine C. Direct Phosphorylation

B. insulin D. Aerobic Respiration
C. norepinephrine
D. exocrine gland 288. What is the function of the circulatory
system?
283. Splitting of a bond by the addition of wa-
ter A. to break food down into nutrients or
waste for nutrition or excretion
A. Hydration synthesis
B. Hydrogen bond B. to control hormone levels within the
body that determine the growth, develop-
C. Hydrolysis reaction
ment, reproduction, and health of the en-
D. Dehydration reaction tire body
284. The heart and the blood vessels are sep- C. to regulate blood movement through-
arate organs that form the out the body
A. skeletal system. D. to coordinate with all other body sys-
B. cardiovascular system. tems, allowing them to work efficiently
C. reproductive system. and react to the environment
D. digestive system.
289. Synarthroses is the medical term for a
285. Secretion of the liver that is temporarily joint.
stored in the gallbladder before being re-
leased into the small intestine, where it A. Fibrous
emulsifies fat B. Synovial
A. Red blood cells
C. Cartilaginous
B. Stomach acid
D. none of above
C. Bile
D. Triglycerides
290. The contraction and then relaxation of
286. A chemical messenger molecule secreted a muscle in response to a stimulus that
by an endocrine gland or cell into the blood- causes an action potential in one or more
stream that has effects on specific target muscle fibers.
cells throughout the body.
A. Muscle Contraction
A. cortex
B. Muscle Twitch
B. thyroxine
C. hormone C. Muscle Stitch
D. histamine D. Muscle Fatigue

291. Identify a true statement about a cell’s much salt; causes fat accumulation in cer-
cytoplasm. tain areas of the body including the face,
A. It is the specialized structure in the abdomen, and back of the neck.
center of the cell. A. Cushing’s syndrome
B. It is the thin layer of tissue that sur- B. Addison’s disease
rounds the cell.
C. histamine
C. It provides a structure for the cell
D. endocrine system
NARAYAN CHANGDER
parts to ensure their free movement
within the cell membrane. 296. Which of the following does NOT be-
D. It controls the growth and reproduc- long?
tion of the cell and contains the cell’s ge- A. Suave
netic material.
B. Ulta
292. The bone furthest away from the body C. Sephora
(end of the finger) is known as the pha-
lange. D. Mary Kay
A. distal 297. Cell-mediated immunity is a type of ac-
B. proximal quired immunity. This is the immunity one
develops throughout life. Which of the fol-
C. middle lowing types of cells are mostly involved
D. metacarpal in cell-mediated immunity?
A. T cells
293. Skin cells play an important role in pro-
ducing vitamin B. B cells
A. A C. erythrocytes
B. B D. neutrophils
C. C
298. An interlocking line of union between
D. D bones.
294. Which of the following is NOT true of a A. suture

reflex arc? B. crest
A. It is automatic/involuntary C. facet
B. It requires processing by the brain for D. foramen
a reaction to occur
299. What does the hypothalamus do?
C. It gives humans a selective advantage
when reacting quickly to dangerous situa- A. Makes humans shiver
tions B. Regulates “automatic” functions like
D. An example is the knee-jerk reflex temperature and thirst
C. Responsible for regrowth of skin
295. Disease caused by too much cortisol
from excessive production of glucose from D. Responsible to make us sweat when
glycogen and protein, and retention of too needed

300. minimal amount of stimulus needed to 305. Which muscles from the list below are
cause a muscle to contract the most involved in adducting the vocal
folds?

A. all or none principle
A. Lateral cricoarytenoids and trans-
B. threshold stimulus
verse arytenoid
C. neurotransmitter B. Diagastrics
D. neuromuscular junction C. Cricothyroids
301. Hormone that is structurally related to D. Posterior cricoarytenoids
proteins and are lipid insoluble.
306. Which one of the following is NOT true
A. steroid hormone about homeostasis?
B. parathyroid hormone A. Homeostasis refers to a state of dy-
namic constancy.
C. nonsteroid hormone
B. Negative feedback loops are impor-
D. norepinephrine tant in maintaining homeostasis of phys-
iological parameters.
302. Which type of Synovial Joint allows a
bone to ‘spin’ in a circular pattern, only? C. Homeostasis ensures that physiologi-
cal parameters are maintained exactly at
A. Ball and Socket the set point value.
B. Hinge D. Homeostasis is not the same as
C. Saddle hemostasis.
D. Ellipsoid E. None of the above is true.
E. Pivot 307. Which of the following statements is true

of joints?
303. In the mammalian body plan, no cell is A. Joints in the elbows and hips are
more than approximately away from called immovable joints.
a capillary.
B. A joint refers to the connection be-
A. 10 nm tween two or more bones.
B. 100 nm C. Joints in the pelvis and skull are called
C. 1 µ m movable joints.
D. 10 µ m D. A knee joint allows little or no move-

ment.
E. 100 m
308. Calcium is needed in the body because it
304. Cells that are flat and thin are classified is necessary for Check all that apply.
as A. Transmission of nerve impulses
A. columnar. B. Muscle contraction
B. squamous. C. Blood coagulation
C. blasts. D. Cell division
D. cuboidal. E. Secretion by glands and nerves

309. The layer of the epidermis that includes 314. Division of the body into left and right
melanocytes and a single row of columnar parts is known as a plane.
cells that undergo mitosis is the A. transverse
A. stratum corneum B. sagittal
B. stratum granulosum C. frontal
C. stratum spinosum D. anterior
D. stratum basale
NARAYAN CHANGDER
315. The best definition of an artery is it
310. A 73-year-old client is complaining of is- A. carries blood away from the heart.
sues with regulation of motor movements B. carries blood to the heart.
of the pharynx and lack of sensation of the
tongue. What cranial nerve regulates mo- C. has oxygenated blood.
tor movements of the pharynx and sensa- D. has deoxygenated blood.
tions of the tongue?
316. Match the description:Area exclusively
A. Cranial Nerve V containing myosin, no actin
B. Cranial Nerve VII A. H-Zone
C. Cranial Nerve IX B. I-band
D. Cranial Nerve XII C. A-band
D. O-band
311. What is the name of the structure sur-
rounding each muscle fiber? 317. Which does blood transport? I. Protein-
A. T Tubule sII. HormonesIII. Platelets
B. Sarcolemma A. I and II only
C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum B. I and III only

C. II and III only
D. Nucleus
D. I, II and III
312. Match the description:Covers active bind-
ing site 318. Chemical attraction between a positive
ion and a negative ion
A. Tropomyosin
A. covalent bond
B. Troponin
B. ionic bond
C. M line
C. polar covalent bond
D. Z line
D. nonpolar covalent bond
313. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles 319. The frontal plane separates the body into
within
A. motor units A. anterior and posterior
B. motor neuron endings B. medial and lateral
C. myofibrils C. proximal and distal
D. motor end plates D. cranial and caudal

320. The skeletal system does all of the fol- C. anterior

lowing EXCEPT
D. deep

A. produces red blood cells
B. stores calcium and minerals 326. what are the rings around the haversian
canal called?
C. protects organs
A. lacunae
D. excretes waste
B. lamella
321. Which muscle contraction results from a
high amount of Ca still remaining in the C. osteocyte
muscle and an inability to relax between D. volkmann’s canal
contractions
A. Treppe 327. Endocrine gland that contributes to im-
mune responsiveness.
B. Tetanus
A. thyroxine
C. Muscle Energy
B. thyroid gland
D. Metabolism
C. thymus gland
322. To build up, as in the combining of two
small molecules to form a larger molecule D. pineal gland
A. Dehydration synthesis 328. The functions of the skin include
B. Synthesis reaction A. defense against microbes.
C. Building reaction
B. regulation of body temperature.
D. Molecular construction
C. prevention of dehydration.
323. Negative Feedback Loops: D. All Answers
A. amplify processes
B. prevent small changes from getting 329. What is the name of the neurotransmit-
larger ter that is released from the neuron to the
sarcolemma?
C. are initiated during childbirth
A. Acetylcholine
D. are found only in plants
B. Acetone
324. Which one of the following is not one of
C. ATP
the four main tissue categories?
A. muscle tissue D. Calcium
B. neural tissue 330. Endocrine gland thought to be involved in
C. osseous tissue setting the biological clock and influencing
reproductive function.
D. connective tissue
A. adrenal glands
325. On the inside; underneath another struc-
ture is known as B. thymus gland
A. dorsal C. pineal gland
B. ventral D. pituitary gland

331. Which if the following is a normal re- C. Vasodilation

sponse to excessive loss of body heat in
D. Hypertension
a cold environment?
A. Dermal blood vessels constrict 337. What are three main body parts of an in-
sect?
B. Smooth muscles relax
C. Sweat glands become active A. Head, chest, tail
D. Dermal blood vessels dilate B. Head, antenna, abdomen
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Thorax, antenna, heart
332. Building block of a nucleic acid molecule,
consisting of a sugar, a nitrogen- D. Head, thorax, abdomen
containing base, and a phosphate group
338. Organ located behind the stomach; se-
A. Nucleotide cretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
B. Amino acid into the small intestine and the hormones
insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.
C. DNA
D. RNA A. medulla
B. pancreas
333. A charged atom
C. glucagon
A. Proton
D. insulin
B. Neutron
C. Electron 339. What is a thick filament?
D. Ion A. Myosin
334. Which of the following is NOT a muscle B. Myosin and Tropomyosin

function? C. Actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
A. Movement of skeleton D. Actin and myosin
B. Heat generation E. s
C. Transport substances around body
340. The matrix of the blood is known as:
D. Moves neurons around body
A. fluid.
335. ‘Walls are thick and elastic’ describes
B. ground substance.
which blood vessel?
C. areolar.
A. Veins
B. Capillaries D. plasma.
C. Venules 341. What is the name of the plasma mem-

D. Arteries brane surrounding each muscle fiber?
A. T Tubule
336. ‘Increase blood flow, nutrients and
gaseous exchange’ refers to B. Sarcolemma
A. Vasoconstriction C. Sarcoplasm
B. Hypothermia D. Nucleus

342. The phenomenon called , means to C. The volume of air in excess of tidal vol-
bring more and more muscle fibers into ume that can be exhaled forcibly
play

D. The volume of air still contained in the
A. Summation lungs after a maximal exhalation
B. Recruitment 347. ‘Has a large lumen’ describes which
C. Treppe blood vessel?
D. Synergism A. Veins
B. Capillaries
343. Match the description:Protein lines that
mark the edges of sarcommeres, connect C. Arterioles
actin D. Arteries
A. Tropomyosin
348. Hormone released by the thyroid glands
B. Troponin that promotes a decrease in blood calcium
C. M line levels.
D. Z line A. cortisol
B. calcitonin
344. What characteristics of a muscle deter-
mine the strength of a contraction? mark C. glucagon
all that apply D. melatonin
A. Muscle tone
349. What causes the myosin head to release
B. size of muscle to actin?
C. Number of motor units used A. Calcium
D. The amount of Ca released B. ATP
E. Speed of Acetylcholine release C. Tropomyosin
345. The statements concerning the pericardial D. Acetylcholine
sac of the heart are all true except
350. Substance having an attached radioactive
A. it make pericardial fluid to reduce fric- isotope that allows a researcher to track
tion. its whereabouts in a biological system
B. it seperates muscle fibers of the atria A. Tracer
from the ventricle so electrical currents B. Ion
cannot pass.
C. Salt
C. it has a visceral layer called the epi-
cardium. D. Emulsifier
D. it is a typical serosa. 351. Match the description:Area exclusively
containing actin, no myosin
346. What is total lung capacity?
A. H-Zone
A. The volume of air in the lungs after a
maximum inhalation B. I-band
B. The maximum volume of air that can be C. A-band

exhaled after a maximum inhalation D. O-band

352. The heart valves are all closed during 357. Disease characterized by a high blood
sugar concentration and glucose in the
A. isovolumetric contraction.
urine, caused by either deficient insulin
B. atrial systole. production (Type 1) or insufficient glucose
C. absolute refractory period. uptake by cells (Type 2)
D. ventricular ejection. A. adrenal glands

B. pineal gland
353. Match the description:creation of ATP and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. target cell
conversion of glucose into energy
D. diabetes mellitus
A. Sarcolemma
B. sarcoplasmic reticulum 358. The type of tissue that moves body parts
by contracting.
C. T-Tubules
A. epithelial
D. Mitochondria
B. connective
354. Which fiber type has a poor blood sup- C. muscle
ply and fatigues fast and uses Glycogen
D. nervous
its sole energy source?
A. Slow Oxidative 359. Refers to underactivity of the thyroid
gland which can slow body growth, al-
B. Fast Oxidative ter brain development, delay puberty and
C. Fast Glycolytic cause edema, lethargy, weight gain, and
low body temperature; treated with thy-
D. none of above
roxine pills.
355. All the statements concerning intrinsic A. hypothalamus
conduction system cell depolarization are B. thyroxine
true except
C. hyperthyroidism
A. they have a more negative resting
membrane potential than the individual D. hypothyroidism
muscle cells. 360. The enzyme cholinesterase causes acetyl-
B. they open rapid calcium channels to choline to
speed up repolarization. A. be secreted from the motor end plate.
C. they open fast sodium channels to B. form cross bridges.
make sure they depolarize rapidly.
C. bind to actin.
D. they prevent potassium leakage from
D. decompose.
the cell in order to deolarize faster.
361. Five-carbon sugar; deoxyribose and ri-
356. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a bose are examples
A. deep partial-thickness burn A. Hexose
B. third-degree burn B. Octose
C. second-degree burn C. Pentose
D. superficial partial-thickness burn D. Dextrose

362. Substance produced by basophils and 367. ‘An inherited cardiac condition that can
mast cells that causes vasodilation and in- cause death in young and well trained in-
creases vascular permeability. dividuals. The heart’s natural rhythm be-

comes disrupted and can stop beating alto-
A. thyroxine
gether’ refers to
B. insulin
A. Hypothermia
C. histamine
B. Hyperthermia
D. hormone
C. Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome
(SADS)
363. Hormone formed by alpha cells in the
islets of Langerhans in the pancreas; raises D. Hypotension
the glucose level of blood by stimulating
the liver to break down glycogen. 368. Which circulation is responsible for the
exchange of oxygen between the blood
A. pancreas and the lungs?
B. hormone A. Systemic circulation
C. histamine B. Coronary circulation
D. glucagon C. Pulmonary circulation
364. Lipid that contains two fatty acid D. Vascular circulation

molecules and a phosphate group com-
369. Cells that break down the calcified matrix
bined with a glycerol molecule
of bone.
A. Steroid
A. osteoblasts
B. Phospholipid
B. osteoclasts
C. Triglyceride
C. osteons
D. Cholesterol
D. osteocytes
365. Which of the following cell types is 370. Your tailbone is called your
responsible for the humoral immune re-
sponse? A. Coccyx
A. B cells B. Cervix
B. neutrophils C. Sacrum
C. natural killer cells D. Hyoid
D. macrophages 371. The pulmonary circuit refers to

A. the chambers and vessels carrying
366. Which of these is a short bone?
blood to or from the lungs.
A. Femur
B. the chambers and vessels carrying
B. tarsal blood to or from the body in general.
C. Scapula C. only oxygenated blood.
D. Ulna D. only deoxygenated blood.

372. What is a thin filament? A. Increase availability of Ca

A. Actin and troponin B. Faster release of Acetylcholine
B. Myosin and Tropomyosin C. Increase muscle temperature for
C. Actin, tropomyosin, and troponin more efficient enzyme activity.
D. Increase of neuromuscular signaling
D. Actin and myosin
E. Activates anaerobic systems within
373. Bond created when electrons shared by the muscles.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
adjacent atoms are shared equally
378. is when body temperature falls be-
A. Polar covalent bond
low 35oC.
B. Nonpolar covalent bond
A. Hypotension
C. covalent bond
B. Hypertension
D. ionic bond
C. Hypothermia
374. The ends of the long bone are anatomi- D. Hyperthermia
cally referred to as the:
379. Specialized epithelial tissue that secretes
A. Epiphyseal plate a product directly into a hollow organ or
B. Medulary Cavity duct.
C. Periosteum A. exocrine gland
D. Epiphysis B. thyroid gland
375. The neurotransmitter that signals muscle C. endocrine gland

contraction is called D. pineal gland
A. Ach 380. Which organ system includes the spleen
B. Myosin and the tonsils?
C. Actin A. digestive
D. Calcium B. endocrine
C. nervous
376. All of the following are aspects of inflam-
mation except: D. lymphatic
A. constriction of blood vessels 381. ‘The force exerted by the blood on the
B. phagocytes and neutrophils produce vessel walls’ is called
cytokines that signal the brain to produce A. blood pressure
a fever
B. blood volume
C. increase in permeability of blood ves- C. blood viscosity
sels
D. heart rate
D. pain
382. General term for the outer surface layer
377. Why do we warm up? What two things of an organ.
happen that make it so our muscles can
generate a greater contraction after warm- A. cortisol
ing up? Mark two B. hormone

C. cortex 387. The transverse plane separates the body

into
D. medulla

A. anterior/posterior
383. Before myosin can form a with the
B. superior/inferior
actin, must bind to troponin.
C. medial/lateral
A. cross bridge; Calcium
D. proximal/distal
B. relationship; Calcium
C. cross bridge; Acetylcholine 388. Which of the following is TRUE about
blood vessels:
D. connection; Sodium
A. arteries bring oxygen to the muscles
384. The aortic semilunar valve
B. veins take carbon dioxide waste from
A. prevents blood from returning to the the muscles
right atrium. C. blood vessels are important to deliver
B. prevents blood from returning to the oxygen and nutrients to the muscles so
left atrium. they will function properly
C. prevents blood from returning to the D. all options are correct
right ventricle.
389. What two things are found in the central
D. prevents blood from returning to the nervous system?
left ventricle.
A. brain/spinal cord
385. An intracellular messenger molecule gen- B. spinal cord/motor neurons
erated by the binding of a chemical mes-
senger (hormone or neurotransmitter) to C. motor/sensory neurons
a plasma membrane receptor on a cell’s D. only brain
outer surface; mediates intracellular re-
sponses to an extra-cellular (first) messen- 390. A substance causing fats to mix with wa-
ger. ter; containing molecules with a non-polar
A. steroid hormone end and a polar end
B. hormone A. Emulsifiers
C. second messenger B. Saturated fatty acids
D. aldosterone C. Phospholipids
D. Steroids
386. What determines the color of the skin?
A. The number of melanocytes in the epi- 391. Which tissues receive most of the blood
dermis during exercise?
A. Kidneys and working muscles
B. The amount of melanin that
melanocytes produce B. Working muscles and brain
C. The density of hair C. Brain and lungs
D. The thickness of the epidermis D. Lungs and kidneys

392. Match the description:Proteins that mark B. surface area of the burn
the middle of a sarcommere and connect C. degree and source of the burn
myosin
D. type of scar that will form
A. Tropomyosin
B. Troponin 398. The arrector pili muscle is attached to
C. M line A. the hypodermis
D. Z line B. the nail bed
NARAYAN CHANGDER
393. What is the energy source that is used C. a sebaceous gland
for all contractions? D. a hair follicle
A. Glucose
399. An endocrine gland, located in the neck,
B. Creatine that produces the hormones thyroxine, tri-
C. ATP iodothyronine, and calcitonin.
D. Oxygen A. thyroid gland
394. Which part of the brain controls breath- B. thyroxine

ing? C. parathyroid gland
A. neurons D. thymus gland
B. medulla
400. In Star Wars:Attack of the Clones, who
C. cerebellum is the orignial “clone”?
D. cerebrum A. Jango Fett
395. Match the description:storage of calcium B. Jabba the Hutt
and spreading of impulse across an entire C. Frodo Baggins
muscle.
D. Tom Petty
A. Sarcolemma
B. sarcoplasmic reticulum 401. ‘The volume of blood pumped forward
with each ventricular contraction’ de-
C. T-Tubules
scribes
D. Mitochondria
A. Cardiac output (Q)
396. Organic molecule that includes a fatty B. Venus return
acid molecule which lacks double bonds be-
tween the atoms of its carbon chain C. Stroke volume
A. Saturated fatty acid D. Blood volume

B. Unsaturated fatty acid 402. Hormone that is structurally related to
C. Steroids cholesterol and are lipid soluble.
D. Lipids A. parathyroid hormone
B. steroid hormone
397. In treating a burn patient, the “rule of
nines” is used to estimate the C. hormone
A. depth of the burn D. nonsteroid hormone

403. Group of inorganic compounds that are in- 408. From ankle to toe, what is the order of
soluble in water notably fats, oils, and bones?
steroids A. Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

A. Oils B. Phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals
B. Fats C. Metatarsals, phalanges, tarsals
C. Lipids D. Tarsals, phalanges, metatarsals
D. Triglycerides
409. Which of the following is NOT an involun-
404. The primary reason humans have a heart tary muscle type?
is A. Skeletal
A. to create adequate filtration. B. Cardiac
B. to increase intestinal absorption. C. Smooth
C. to inhibit diffusion of nitrogenous D. none of above
wastes.
410. Soft region between bones of the skull in
D. to create adequate oncotic pressure. babies
405. What action of the heart is responsible A. foramen
for the force of systolic pressure as mea- B. fontanel
sured on the walls of the aorta?
C. crest
A. Aortic contraction
D. suture
B. Aortic relaxation
411. What is the job of the male drone honey-
C. Ventricular relaxation
bee?
D. Ventricular contraction
A. to lay the eggs
406. Oliver, an 88-year-old patient, suffered B. to guard the nest
from a stroke. He complains that he does C. to collect nectar
not have sensation in the posterior one-
third of the tongue. Damage to which D. to mate with the queen
cranial nerve would cause loss of general 412. What is the contractile unit of the mus-
sensation of the posterior one-third of the cle?
tongue?
A. Z disk
A. Cranial Nerve IX-Glossopharyngeal
B. Sarcomere
Nerve
C. Muscle fiber
B. Cranial Nerve X-Vagus Nerve
D. Muscle cell
C. Cranial Nerve XI-Accessory Nerve
D. Cranial Nerve XII-Hypoglossal Nerve 413. The systemic circuit refers to
A. the chambers and vessels carrying
407. Match the description:Calcium binds to it blood to or from the lungs.
A. Tropomyosin B. the chambers and vessels carrying
B. Troponin blood to or from the body in general.
C. M line C. only oxygenated blood.
D. Z line D. only deoxygenated blood.

414. Not enough calcium which causes a bow- 420. An autograft covers an injured area of
ing of the legs skin with
A. Rickets A. skin from an uninjured region of the pa-
tient’s body
B. Scurvy
B. skin from a skin bank
C. Osteoporosis
C. a skin substitute, such as an artificial
D. Acidosis membrane
NARAYAN CHANGDER
415. The hardest, most dense part of the bone D. skin from a person other then the pa-
tissue is the tient
A. periosteum 421. Which of these is not a ‘general type’ of
B. spongy bone Joint?
C. osteoblast A. Fibrous Joint
B. Synovial Joint
D. compact bone
C. Cartilaginous Joint
416. Tissue that is specialized for contraction D. Ellipsoid Joint
is tissue.
422. Where do actin and myosin overlap?
A. loose connective
A. A-band
B. dense connective
B. I-band
C. epithelial
C. Z-line
D. muscle
D. sarcomere
417. attach skeletal muscles to bones, and 423. Which of the following is NOT a function
connect one bone to another. of the skeleton?
A. Ligaments; tendons A. Production of blood cells
B. Ligaments; aponeuroses B. Gives the body form
C. Tendons; ligaments C. Protects internal organs
D. Reticular tissues; tendons D. Generates heat
418. Myofibrils are composed primarily of 424. Cells that form bone in ossification
A. actin and myosin A. osteoblast
B. ATP and ADP B. osteoclast
C. Troponin C. sarcomere
D. lymphocyte
D. Tropomyosin
425. Which of the following is filled with yel-
419. Cells that store fat are called low marrrow?
A. cellulocytes. A. medulary cavity
B. macrocytes. B. spongy bone
C. adipocytes. C. periosteum
D. melanocytes. D. compact bone

426. The of the cardiac muscle has a thicker D. Action potential

wall to allow the heart to contract with E. Rest period
more force on the oxygenated side.

A. left side 431. Macromolecule composed of amino acids
B. right side A. Lipid
C. middle septum B. Nucleic acid

C. Carbohydrate
D. upper side
D. Protein
427. Understanding how nerves work will
most likely help cosmetologists 432. A warm surface loses heat to the air
molecules continuously circulating over it
A. protect their own body by using proper
by
body mechanics when they work
A. convection
B. perform services such as massages,
shampoos, and facial and nail services in B. evaporation
a more safe and proficient way C. radiation
C. determine the placement of makeup D. conduction
during application
433. What protein makes up the thick fila-
D. influence haircutting and hairstyling
ments?
options according to a client’s facial bone
structure A. Troponin
B. Tropomyosin
428. a bundle of muscle fibers
C. Myosin
A. actin
D. Actin
B. mysoin
C. fascicle 434. The acts as a distributor and passes
the action potential to the Bundle of His.
D. sarcomere
A. Atrio-ventricular node (AVN)
429. A compound formed by the union of two B. Bundle of His
amino acids
C. Bundle branches
A. Polypeptide
D. Sino-atrial node (SAN)
B. Monopeptide
435. Which of the following is the most deep?
C. Peptide bond
A. Fasicle
D. Dipeptide
B. Perimysium
430. The period that occurs between the ap- C. Epimysium
plication of the stimulus (zero time on the
graph) and the start of the contraction is D. Muscle
called .. 436. What is the structure that stores the Cal-
A. Latent period cium in the muscle cell.
B. Relaxation A. Sarcoplasm
C. Contraction B. Sarcolemma

1.2 Neurotransmission 44
C. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum 438. What is the name of the location where

D. Myoglobin the neuron and muscle fiber meet?
437. The subcutaneous layer consists of A. Sarcoplasm

A. epithelial tissue
B. areolar and adipose tissue B. Sacolemma
C. epithelial tissue and areolar tissue C. Neuromuscular junction

D. adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tis-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
sue D. Axon terminal
1.2 Neurotransmission
1. The drug Prozac and others antidepres- B. action potential
sants work by blocking the of by C. all-or-none response
the sending neuron.
D. threshold
A. discharge / neurotransmitters
B. reuptake / serotonin 5. I am waiting to fire, I just need depolariza-
tion!
C. reuptake/ dopamine
A. action potential
D. recharging/ ions
B. resting potential
2. A dendrite conducts nerve impulses the C. all-or-none principle
cell body.
D. refractory period
A. away from
B. toward 6. What is the part of a neuron that contains
the nucleus?
C. both toward and away from
A. Cell Body
D. around, by passing
B. Axon
3. These narrow gaps between the sections C. Myelin Sheath
of myelin sheaths on an axon are known
as The benefit of these sheaths it to D. Dendrite
promote and speed up “jumping” of nerve 7. Dendrites are branching extensions of
impulse down the axon.
A. neurotransmitters
A. collateral branches
B. endorphins
B. nodes of Ranvier
C. neurons
C. ependymal points
D. myelin
D. neural switches
E. endocrine glands
4. This is the technical name for a neural im-
pulse; a brief electrical charge that travels 8. What do glial cells do?
down an axon. A. support, nourish, and protect neurons
A. neurotransmitter B. inhibit neural messages

C. stimulate dendrites 13. Which of the following occurs once +40mv

is reached?
D. initiate action potentials

A. potassium gates close and sodium
9. Research by Rogers & Kesner supported gates open
the theory that acetylcholine plays a role B. the Na+/K+ pump pumps sodium out
in of the neuron and potassium into the neu-
A. The ability to solve a puzzle or maze ron
C. potassium gates open and sodium
B. The transfer of memory from short-
gates close
term memory to long-term memory
D. another action potential can be propa-
C. The onset of Alzheimer’s disease gated
D. The aging process of rats
14. Neurons that carry impulses away from
the central nervous system are called
10. The level of stimulation required to trigger
a neural impulse. A. sensory nerves
A. reuptake B. afferent nerves
C. efferent nerves
B. all-or-none response
D. interneurons
C. threshold
15. Which neurotransmitter influences alert-
D. refractory period ness and arousal?
11. What occurs sequentially when the nerve A. Acetylcholine (ACh)
impulse is transmitted from the synapse of B. Glutamate
one neuron to the postsynaptic neuron? C. GABA
A. The nerve impulse is transmitted next D. Norepinephrine
to the axon of the presynaptic neuron
16. The sequence of shifts in the electrical
B. The synaptic vesicles release neuro- charge of a neuron is called
transmitters into the synaptic cleft by ex-
A. synaptic transmission
ocytosis
B. neural integration
C. The nerve impulse is transmitted to
the postsynaptic neuron by a direct con- C. refraction
nection between the two D. the action potential
D. The nerve impulse is transmitted to the E. differential conduction
axon of the postsynaptic neuron 17. This neurotransmitter is linked to brain de-
velopment and too much of it has been
12. I support neurons and help produce myelin
linked to brain damage and migraines.
what am I?
A. glutamate
A. Axons
B. dopamine
B. Dendrites C. norepinephrine
C. Glial cells D. serotonin
D. Cell bodies E. GABA

18. What was the control condition in the B. the period during which potassium and
study by Rogers and Kesner? sodium ions are completely stable
A. The injection with a saline solution C. the same as the resting potential
B. The group that received no injection
D. the short time the myelin sheath pro-
C. The injection with physostigmine vides insulation from another impulse
D. The injection with scopolamine
24. What is the name of the disease in which
NARAYAN CHANGDER
19. Which neurotransmitter is excitatory, in- the myelin sheaths of central nervous sys-
volved in memory and causes migraines tem axons are destroyed?
when too high?
A. tetanus
A. Endorphins
B. Glutamate B. shingles
C. GABA C. polio
D. Norepinephrine D. multiple sclerosis
20. Where is the DNA found within a nerve
25. What is a fatty tissue layer that encases
cell?
axons of some neurons and enables faster
A. axon transmission speed?
B. cytoplasm A. Synapse
C. dendrite
B. Axon
D. nucleus
C. Myelin Sheath
21. Which neurotransmitter enables muscle ac-
tion, learning and memory? D. Dendrite
A. Acetylcholine (ACh)
26. Cells in the nervous system that support,
B. Dopamine nourish, and protect neurons; they also
C. Serotonin play a role in learning, thinking, and mem-
ory.
D. Norepinephrine
A. dopamine
22. What do Dendrites do?
B. serotonin
A. Intakes information from other neu-
rons C. glial cells
B. Produces fatty tissue for the Myelin D. myelin cells
Sheath
C. Sends information to the next cell 27. What is another name for epinephrine
D. Controls the speed of electrical signal A. Adrenaline
through the axon
B. Testosterone
23. A refractory period is
C. Coca cola
A. a brief time when a neuron is unable
to conduct an impulse D. Neuropeptides

28. Human receptors are classified into the B. Glial Cell

types C. Myelin Sheath

A. sensory and motor receptors D. Cell Body
B. photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors,
chemoreceptors, and thermoreceptors 33. An action potential refers to
C. Pacinian, Meissner, and Ruffini recep- A. a neural impulse

tors B. a level of stimulation needed to trigger
a neuron
D. central, peripheral and sympathetic re-
ceptors C. a period of brief resting pauce after a
neuron has fired
E. mechanical, electrical and gravita-
tional D. the junction between the axon and the
dendrite
29. What’s happening here?
34. In neural processing, a brief resting pause
A. Sodium and potassium ions are moving
that occurs after a neuron has fired.
across the membrane, creating an action
potential. A. threshold
B. The neuron is becoming hyperpolar- B. synaptic cleft
ized. C. action potential
C. The neuron is taking a pause called the D. refractory period
refractory period.
35. Which of the following are the parts of
D. Neurotransmitter molecules are be-
neurons?
ing released across the synaptic gap
(synapse). A. brain, spinal cord, and vertebral col-
umn
30. A neurotransmitters reabsorbtion by the B. dendrite, axon, and cell body
sending neuron.
C. sensory and motor
A. all-or-none response
D. cortex, medulla and sheath
B. synapse
C. action potential 36. A neuron extension that passes messages
through its branches to other neurons or
D. reuptake to muscles or glands.
31. Neurotransmitters are released from vesi- A. action potential
cles at the B. axon
A. cell body C. glial cell
B. dendrite D. dendrite
C. postsynaptic membrane
37. Maria participates in an exercise program
D. presynaptic membrane because she experiences an increase in en-
ergy and feelings of well-being at the end
32. What is the meeting point between the of each exercise session. The best expla-
axon tip and the dendrite? nation for Maria’s perseverance in the pro-
A. Synapse gram is that exercise

A. reduces her level of acetylcholine C. afferent

B. increases her level of estrogen D. sensory
C. increases her level of endorphins 43. In a polarized neuron at rest
D. reduces her level of adrenaline A. the inside of the neuron is more nega-
E. reduces her level of dopamine tively charged than the outside
38. Once the brain receives a message from B. outside of the neuron is more nega-
the sensory neurons, it sends a message to tively charged than the inside
NARAYAN CHANGDER
make your muscles move. Which of these C. either of the above can be true
is responsible for that movement? D. )the inside and the outside of the neu-
A. Motorneurons ron have the same electrical charge
B. Interneurons 44. Which of the following is not a part of a
C. Sensoryneurons neuron?
D. Spinalcord A. lobe
39. Which neurotransmitter influences mood, B. synaptic cleft

hunger, sleep and arousal? C. nucleus
A. Acetylcholine (ACh) D. dendrite
B. Dopamine 45. The point at which the terminal button and
C. Serotonin another neuron communicate is called
D. Norepinephrine ; communication here is made possible by
the release of
40. The bushy, branching extension of a neu- A. Synapse; hormones
ron that receives and integrates messages,
conducting impulses toward the cell body. B. Presynaptic membrane; neurotrans-
mitters
A. dendrite
C. Axon hillock (input zone); hormones
B. axon
D. Synapse; neurotransmitters
C. vesicle
D. synapse 46. Which of the following should have the
slowest conduction velocity?
41. A nerve impulse is received first by what A. an unmyelinated, small-diameter
part of the neuron? nerve
A. axon B. an unmyelinated, large-diameter
B. synapse nerve
C. dendrite C. a myelinated, small-diameter nerve
D. soma D. a myelinated, large-diameter nerve
42. What type of neuron would carry informa- 47. Neurons that only travel from the body to
tion to a gland in your body? the brain are callee
A. association A. Slammers
B. motor B. Clamp neurones

C. Sensory neurones 53. The PNS nerves are part of either the so-
D. Motor neurones matic system or the

A. motor system
48. If the stimulation of a cell is strong, the
strength of the action potential produced B. central nervous system
would be:(Hint:remember that action po- C. sympathetic system
tentials are all or none events)
D. autonomic system
A. Stronger than that produced by weak
stimulation 54. Which neurotransmitter influences move-
B. No different to that produced by weak ment, learning, attention and emotion?
stimulation A. Acetylcholine (ACh)
C. Weaker than that produced by weak B. Dopamine
stimulation
C. Serotonin
D. Twice that produced by weak stimula-
tion D. Norepinephrine
49. Gaps in the myelin sheath are called 55. Neurotransmitters are released from vesi-
cles located on knob like terminals at the
A. nodes of Ranvier
end of the
B. the synapse
A. dendrites
C. axonal interstices
B. cell body
D. myelinoids
C. axon
50. Which neurotransmitter inhibits the brain
D. myelin sheath
A. GABA
E. synapse
B. Adreneline
C. Chlorofill 56. The part of the neuron that contains the
nucleus; the cell’s life support system.
D. Dr phil
A. glial cell
51. Intergrative neurons are responsible for
transmitting impulses from one area of the B. dendrite
brain to C. axon
A. the body D. cell body
B. the sensory organs
57. The depletion of which of the following
C. other areas within the CNS neurotransmitters is most closely associ-
D. the fingers and toes ated with the symptoms of Alzheimer’s
disease?
52. Which of the following is not part of the
peripheral nervous system? A. dopamine
A. sensory neurons B. acetylcholine (ACh)
B. association neurons C. serotonin
C. motor neurons D. GABA
D. none of above E. norepinephrine

58. What is the name of all the “neural sup- C. chemoceptors

port cells” that are responsible for main- D. photoreceptors
tenance, support, relay, and forming barri-
ers for all the various nerves of the human 63. The inside of a neuron during its resting
nervous system? potential is
A. neuroglial cells A. +70 mv
B. enkephalins B. -70 mv
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. endorphins C. 70 mv
D. neurotransmitters D. +-70 mv
59. During neuron firing, the part of the neu- 64. The of the body are generally respon-
ron that acts as an insulator and conductor sible for transmitting sensory impulses for
to speed the electrical impulse as it travels the sensory organs of the head to the CNS.
down the axon is A. efferent neurons
A. the terminal button B. afferent neurons
B. the myelin sheath C. integrative
C. a dendrite D. exogrative
D. the soma
65. Neurons communicate with each other by
E. the synapse sending electrical impulses called:
60. What part of the neuron has bushy, A. neurotransmitters
branching extensions that receive and in- B. neuromodulators
tegrate messages, conducting impulses to- C. membrane potentials
ward the cell body?
D. action potentials
A. Synapse
B. Axon 66. Which statement best defines saltatory
conduction?
C. Myelin Sheath
A. Saltatory conduction is a mechanism
D. Dendrite of endocrine system regulation
61. After the neurotransmitter crosses he B. Saltatory conduction is signal trans-
synaptic gap what process occurs? duction of incoming messages through the
membrane
A. Reuptake
C. Saltatory conduction is the influx of
B. The axon sends the message across
sodium ions during neuron impulse con-
the synaptic gap
duction
C. The resting period
D. Saltatory conduction is transmission
D. Threshold of nerve impulses along myelinated fibers
62. What type of receptors are responsible for 67. Postsynaptic membranes are most likely
pain sensation? to be found on
A. mechanoceptors A. axons
B. nociceptors B. dendrites

C. neuron cell bodies 73. What type of neuroglial cells form a

D. myelin sheaths “blood-brain barrier” membrane to con-
tain the cerebrospinal fluid that the CNS

68. I protect the axon and help action poten- neurons and their pathways depend on for
tials travel faster. proper impulse conduction?
A. Oligodendrocytes A. ependymal cells
B. Glial cells B. oligodendrocytes
C. Axon terminals
C. astrocytes
D. Myelin sheath
D. microglia
69. Messages are carried back and forth be-
tween the brain and every part of the body 74. A neuron extension that sends nerve im-
by pulse messages through its branches to
other neurons or to muscles or glands.
A. Motor neurons
B. Inter neurons A. action potential
C. Sensory neurons B. axon
D. Spinal cord C. glial cell
70. Which type of molecule increases a neuro- D. dendrite
transmitters action?
75. Skin contains receptors for
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist A. touch
C. Glial Cells B. pressure

D. Thresholds C. pain
71. The opening of axon membrane potassium D. temperature

channels is responsible for what portion of E. touch, pressure, pain, temperature
the action potential?
A. depolarization 76. Which of the following is classified as an
antagonist?
B. repolarization
C. hyperpolarization A. Cocaine, because it floods the brain
with dopamine
D. polarization
B. Mescaline, because it floods the brain
E. contraction of postsynaptic muscle
with dopamine
fibers
C. An amphetamine, because they lead to
72. Where are multipolar neurons most abun- increased central nervous system activity
dant at in the body?
D. A tricyclic antidepressant, because
A. PNS
they block serotonin and norepinephrine
B. brain and spinal cord transporters
C. specialized ganglia of the PNS E. Prozac®, because it blocks the reup-
D. no-where take of serotonin

77. The role of the Na+/K+ pump in the ner- 81. Where are neurotransmitters made
vous system is to A. The brain
A. maintain proper ionic concentration B. In the cell body
gradients across the neuron membrane
C. Salivary glands
B. generate the nerve impulse when the D. Your toes
neuron is stimulated
82. Information is relayed to the spinal cord or
C. )transmit the nerve impulse across the
the brain by
NARAYAN CHANGDER
synaptic cleft between neurons
A. afferent (sensory) neurons
D. provide a source of Na+ and K+
by splitting NaCl and other appropriate B. efferent (motor) neurons
molecules C. endocrine glands
D. hormones
78. The part of the neuron that is responsible
for receiving signals from other neurons is 83. Pertaining to the charge of a neuron, which
called of the following is correct?
A. the axon A. Negatively charged sodium ions rush
out of ion channels and positively charged
B. a dendrite
potassium ions rush in.
C. the synapse B. Positively charged sodium ions rush
D. a soma out of ion channels and negatively
charged potassium ions rush in
E. a neurotransmitter
C. Positively charged sodium ions rush in
79. A threshold refers to to ion channels and negatively charged
A. a neural impulse potassium ions rush out.
D. none of above
B. a level of stimulation needed to trigger
a neuron 84. Which of the following is not considered a
C. a period of brief resting pauce after a type of neuron?
neuron has fired A. polypolar
D. the junction between the axon and the B. unipolar
dendrite C. multipolar
80. Which is not true of myelinated neurons? D. bipolar

E. pseudounipolar
A. they contain insulating cells called
Schwann cells 85. A refractory period refers to
B. they contain gaps called nodes of Ran- A. a neural impulse
vier B. a level of stimulation needed to trigger
C. action potentials move through a pro- a neuron
cess called continuous propagation C. a period of brief resting pauce after a
D. action potentials move more rapidly neuron has fired
down myelinated neurons that unmyeli- D. the junction between the axon and the
nated neurons dendrite

86. A layer of fatty tissue that insulates the 91. The somatic system contains nerves that
axon and speeds their impulse. control

A. myelin sheath A. skeletal muscles
B. threshold B. )internal organs, joints, and glands
C. dendrite C. skeletal muscles, skin, and glands
D. axon D. smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and
glands
87. The human nervous system is divided
into the nervous system, which in- 92. When the charge across the membrane of
cludes the brain and spinal cord, and a neuron is about , the charge is called
the nervous system, which includes the This is because there are
nerves/neurons that carry information to A. -60-70 mV; action potential; more neg-
and away from the brain and spinal cord. ative ions inside the cell
A. autonomic, peripheral B. -70-100 mV; action potential; more
B. autonomic; central positive ions inside the cell
C. central; peripheral C. -60-70mV; resting potential; more pos-
itive ions inside the cell
D. peripheral; central
D. -60-70mV; resting potential; more neg-
88. Local anesthetic drugs take effect by which ative ions inside the cell
of the following mechanisms?
93. What do we call the layer of fatty tissue
A. block of internal sodium axon channels
surrounding the axon of some neurons?
B. block of internal potassium axon chan-
A. cutaneous coating
nels
B. myelin sheath
C. blocking acetylcholine channels within
local muscles C. dendritic barrier
D. inhibiting the action of neurotransmit- D. synaptic sleeve
ter degraders
94. Transmission across a synapse is achieved
89. What term refers to a neurotransmitters mainly by a
reabsorbtion by the sending neuron? A. ionic bonding
A. Reuptake B. diffusion of neurotransmitter across
B. Blindsight the cleft
C. Antagonist C. physical contact of axon to dendrite al-
lowing the nerve impulse to continue on-
D. Agonist ward
90. Which neurotransmitter is involved in the D. diffusion of sodium ions across the
“Fight of Flight” response? cleft
A. Acetylcholine 95. Which type of molecule inhibits or blocks a
B. Endorphins neurotransmitters action?
C. Norepinephrine A. Agonist
D. Serotonin B. Antagonist

C. Glial Cells C. the membrane must be slightly neg-

D. Thresholds ative charged. This is due to the struc-
tural components phosphate and sulfate
96. What type of receptors are located deep of the membrane and its proteins along
inside the body? and within it.
A. exteroceptors D. all other options are the correct condi-
B. interoceptors tions.
C. proprioceptors
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above 101. This neurotransmitter is linked to feelings
of pleasure, euphoria, and reward.
97. This is a really strong inhibitory neuro-
transmitter that stops messages from fir- A. dopamine
ing. B. serotonin
A. GABA
C. substance p
B. norepinephrine
D. glutamate
C. substance p
D. glutamate E. endorphins
E. acetylcholine
102. An action potential is generated when
98. I am the space between the dendrites of a neural membrane becomes by
one neuron and the terminal buttons of an- a rapid change in sodium and potassium
other, what am I? ions moving across the membrane chang-
A. axon ing their ion concentrations on both inside
and outside of the membrane.
B. myelin sheath
C. synapse A. structural, mechanical
D. glial cells B. depolarized, polarized
99. The “sodium-potassium pump” pumps C. ependymal, motor neuron
A. sodium ions out and potassium ions in
D. polarized, depolarized
B. sodium ions in and potassium ions out
C. sodium and potassium ions in 103. When depolarization occurs ; this al-
D. sodium and potassium ions out lows the release of into the
100. In order for a the neuron to be at/achieve A. Sodium channels open; neurotransmit-
membrane potential, which situation is cor- ters; synaptic gap
rect? B. Potassium channels open; neurotrans-
A. accurate concentrations of sodium mitters; synaptic gap
ions outside the membrane and potas-
sium ions inside the membrane. C. Calcium channels open; neurotrans-
mitters; synaptic gap
B. the correct ion gated protein channels
intermittently scattered along the mem- D. Calcium channels open; dopamine; cell
brane itself. body

104. What are the main divisions of the ner- C. chemical, electrical
vous system? D. electrical, chemical

A. the sensory system and the motor sys-
tem 109. The sense of knowing the position of the
limbs is called
B. the peripheral nervous system and
central nervous system A. proprioreception
C. the dendritic and the axonal systems B. adaptation

C. reflexion
D. the sympathetic and parasympathetic
systems D. isolation
105. The junction between the axon tip of the 110. send signals away from neurons
sending neuron and the dendrite or cell whereas receive signals from other
body of the receiving neuron. neurons. Dendrites; axons Axons;
synapses Synapses; dendrites Axons; den-
A. axon
drites
B. synapse
A. dendrites; axons
C. dendrite
B. synapses; axons
D. vesicle C. synapses; dendrites
106. In neural processing, a brief resting pause D. axons; dendrites
that occurs after a neuron has fired. This is
the time it takes for the sodium and potas- 111. Evaluation and integration of incoming
sium ions to diffuse back to their original messages and outgoing responses occurs
states which allows the neural membrane at what level of neurons?
to achieve and return to is membrane po- A. sensory
tential state. B. motor
A. threshold C. association
B. synaptic cleft D. none of above
C. action potential
112. What is the largest category of neuro-
D. refractory period transmitters
107. Which neurotransmitter is involved in A. Neuroactive peptides
pain and pleasure perception? B. Photosynthology
A. Endorphins C. Neurodes
B. Glutamate D. Homosapien-itis
C. GABA
113. I am the part that contains the soma,
D. Norepinephrine what am I?
108. Communication within neurons is , A. Axons
communication between neurons is B. Dendrites
A. excitatory, inhibitory C. Glial cells
B. inhibitory, excitatory D. Cell body

114. All of the following are true of neuro- B. sodium ions leak out of the neuron into
transmitters EXCEPT the extracellular space
A. They are chemical messingers C. an abundance of potassium ions are
B. They help messages get across the found inside of the neuron in the intracel-
synaptic gap lular space
C. They bind to specific receptor sites to D. there is a charge difference between
create a neural impulse the inside and outside of a neuron of-70
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. All of the above are true. mv
115. What part of the neuron passes mes- E. the sodium/potassium pump is respon-
sages through its branches to other neu- sible for maintaining the transmembrane
rons or to muscles or glands? potential of a neuron
A. Synapse
119. What acronym did I tell you to remem-
B. Axon
ber about the pathway of an impulse from
C. Myelin Sheath receiving information to responding to in-
D. Dendrite formation?
116. The microscopic gap existing between the A. BOB

presynaptic axon terminal and the postsy-
B. SAM
naptic dendrite that receives the impulse
is the C. TIM
A. axon
D. SOS
B. synapse
C. dendrite 120. Which of the following statements con-
D. vesicle cerning the propagation of action poten-
tials is NOT correct?
117. A layer of fatty, membranous tissue (pro-
duced by the Oligodendrocytes in the CNS, A. Saltatory conduction occurs in myeli-
and the Schwann cells in the PNS) sur- nated nerve fibers
rounding the axon that serves to insulates B. During conduction of an action poten-
the axon and speeds their impulse conduc- tial, current flows from the active area
tion and transmission is the found on of the membrane to the adjacent inactive
many axon fibers throughout the body. area, thereby decreasing the potential in
A. myelin sheath the inactive area to threshold
B. threshold C. Action potential propagation is faster
C. dendrite in myelinated fibers than in unmyelinated
D. axon ones
118. Which of the following statements is not D. Action potential propagation is faster
true? During resting membrane potential, in large-diameter fibers than in small-
diameter ones.
A. an abundance of sodium ions are
found outside of the neuron in the extra- E. Action potential propagation is faster
cellular space for stronger stimuli than weaker stimuli

121. If the inside of the neuron is negatively C. All-or-none threshold

charged compared to the outside, the neu- D. Action potential
ron is in the

A. action potential 127. We are chemical signals that are sent into
synaptic gaps. We are the messengers
B. excitatory phase that keep the neural impulse going! What
C. retraction period are we?
D. resting state A. neurotransmitters
122. Which of the following best describes B. agonists
how signals travel on neurons in the hu- C. bipedal cells
man body? D. axons
A. cell body → axon → dendrite
128. This neurotransmitter STOPS pain mes-
B. dendrite → cell body → axon
sages
C. the order does not matter
A. endorphins
D. axon → cell body → dendrite
B. substance p
123. The spaces between the covered parts of C. serotonin
an axon are called:
D. glutamate
A. synaptic clefts
E. norepinephrine
B. nodes of Ranvier
129. A synapse is a(n)
C. ventricles
A. chemical messenger that triggers mus-
D. vesicles
cle contractions.
124. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge B. automatic response to sensory input.
that travels down an axon.
C. neural network.
A. neurotransmitter
D. junction between a sending neuron
B. action potential and a receiving neuron.
C. all-or-none response E. neural cable containing many axons.
D. threshold
130. The time shortly after a neuron fires is
125. What does the sheath do? referred to as
A. Makes sure it doesn’t lose energy A. depolarization
B. Protects it B. refractory period
C. Holds it in place C. action potential
D. Allows it to move around D. neurotransmitter
126. A neuron can’t fire for a moment after E. threshold

a neural impulse because it is currently in 131. Which of the following would not be pro-
the duced by the sympathetic nervous system
A. Refractory period during the stress response?
B. Threshold A. Inhibited digestive system

B. Slow heart beat 137. When the release of ACh is blocked, the
C. Increased levels of glucose result is
A. depression
D. increased breathing rate
B. muscular paralysis
132. Which neurotransmitter acts as an in- C. aggression
hibitor and is linked to seizures, tremors
D. schizophrenia
and insomnia if too low?
E. euphoria
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Acetylcholine (ACh)
138. The electrical impulse transmitted by a
B. Glutamate
neuron is caused by the movement of
C. GABA
A. molecules
D. Norepinephrine B. ions
133. The eye contains C. electrons
A. mechanoreceptors D. free radicals
B. photoreceptors 139. What do neurotransmitters do?

C. chemoreceptors A. Enable neurotransmission
D. proprioreceptors B. Sends signals to your toes

C. Allows you to breathe
134. What is the insulating membrane that D. Stops neurotransmissions
surrounds parts of the axon that helps the
impulses travel faster called? 140. A neurons reaction of either firing (with
a full length response) or not firing.
A. Axon
A. all-or-none response
B. Dendrites
B. refractory period
C. Node of Ranvier
C. threshold
D. Myelin Sheath
D. action potential
135. Which neurotransmitter is involved in 141. The nineteenth-century theory that
muscle movements? bumps on the skull reveal a persons abili-
A. Acetylcholine ties and traits is called
B. Endorphins A. evolutionary psychology
B. behavior genetics
C. Serotonin
C. molecular biology
D. GABA
D. phrenology
136. The all or nothing response of a neuron is
142. What is the fatty layer that protects the
best compared to
nerve cell
A. A kitchen faucet A. Mylene sheath
B. A shower B. Dendrite
C. A toilet C. Axom
D. Garden hose D. Neurons

143. What are neurotransmitters 149. What supports the nervous system, nour-
A. A beverage ish and protects neurons and play a role in
learning, thinking and memory?

B. Chemical substance
C. Skin cell A. Glial Cells
D. A cell in your lungs B. Hormones
144. The receiving part of a neuron. C. Agonists

A. Dendrite D. Synapses
B. Axon terminal
C. Axon 150. What type of neuron has a single axon
and multiple dendrites attached to the cell
D. Axon terminal vesicles body?
145. A junction between 2 neurons is called A. multipolar
the
A. Roundabout B. unipolar
B. Cell wall C. pseudounipolar

C. Synapse D. bipolar
D. Cytoplasm
151. After neurotransmitters are released into
146. In sensory neurons, stimuli are received
the synapse activating ion gated protein
by the
channels to relay the “action potential”
A. axon downstream, some of the neurotransmit-
B. dendrites ters are reabsorbed by the presynaptic
neuron. This is known as , in order to
C. cell body
“refill” the synaptic vesicles in the axon
D. myelin terminal.
147. Which of the following is responsible for A. threshold stimulus
maintaining the polarity of a neuron?
B. synapse
A. sodium ions
B. potassium ions C. action potential
C. chloride ions D. reuptake

D. sodium-potassium pump
152. What does the neuron’s Myelin Sheath
E. passive transport
do?
148. The electrical signal that travels down an
A. Controls the actions of the neuron
axon is called?
A. Axon potential B. Produces food for the neuron
B. Action potential C. Carries information from the cell body
C. Axon terminal to other neuronsThis is a wrong answer
D. Action terminal D. Surrounds and insulates the axon

1.3 Synaptic Physiology 60
153. If the stimulation of a cell is strong, the C. Dopamine

strength of the action potential produced D. all of these
would be:
A. Stronger than that produced by weak 157. The firing of a neuron is also called
stimulation A. depolarization
B. Twice that produced by weak stimula- B. an action potential
tion
C. both of the above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Weaker than that produced by weak
D. none of the above
stimulation
D. No different to that produced by weak 158. send signals away from the cell body,
stimulation whereas receive signals from other
neurons and the environment.
154. Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetyl-
choline are all A. dendrites; axons
A. hormones excreted by the endocrine B. axons; synapses

glands C. synapses; dendrites
B. secretions of the exocrine glands D. axons; dendrites
C. drugs used in the therapeutic treat- 159. When depolarisation reaches the teloden-
ment of memory disorders dria of the axon, ; this allows the re-
D. enzymes involved with the degradation lease of into the
of interneuron signals
A. Sodium channels open; neurotransmit-
E. neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit ters; synaptic gap
a neural signal across a synapse
B. Potassium channels open; neurotrans-
155. Messages are carried back and forth be- mitters; synaptic gap
tween the CNS and all body parts of the C. Calcium channels open; dopamine; cell
PNS by body
A. Motor neurons D. Calcium channels open; neurotrans-
B. Inter neurons mitters; synaptic gap
C. Sensory neurons 160. What is the term for the basic building
D. Spinal cord block of the nervous system (otherwise
known as a nerve cell)?
156. Looking at the list of neurotransmitters
in this chapter, which ones do you think A. Neuron
are involved in falling in love? B. Gene
A. Serotonin C. Nerves
B. Noradrenaline (norephinephrine) D. Neurotransmitters
1.3 Synaptic Physiology

1. Tennis players often complain about pain D. Depolarization occurs when potassium
in the arm (forearm) that swings the rac- ions diffuses into the axon.
quet. What muscle is usually strained un-

der these conditions? 6. Goosebumps are caused by contractions of
A. the anconeus the muscle
B. the brachioradialis A. Arrector pili

C. the triceps brachii B. Apocrine
D. the flexor digitorum profundus C. Eccrine
2. For a neuron with a resting membrane po- D. Sebaceous

tential at-70mv, an increase in the move-
ment of sodium ions into the neuron’s cy- 7. The is attached to bones via tendons.
toplasm would result in: A. myofilament
A. the depolarization of the neuron. B. myofibril
B. the repolarization of the neuron C. muscle fiber
C. the replacement of potassium ions
D. muscle fasciculus
with sodium ions.
E. whole skeletal muscle
D. the replacement of potassium ions
with calcium ions.
8. a protein kinase that is only active when
3. What does calcium do to the actin? attatched to particular cyclin
A. Covers myosin binding sites A. apoptosis
B. Uncovers myosin binding sites B. cyclin-dependent kinase
C. Covers actin binding sites C. phosphorilation
D. Uncovers actin binding sites D. enzyme
4. Which of these properties are found in car-
9. Muscle pairs that oppose each other’s
diac muscle?
movement
A. Intercalated
A. antagonistic muscles
B. Striated
B. opposable muscles
C. Neither Answer
C. opposite muscles
D. Both Answers
D. rivals
5. What is a characteristic of axons?
A. When there is resting potential, the 10. A secreted molecule that influences cells
outside of the axon is negative relative to near where it is secreted
the inside. A. Axon
B. During an action potential, sodium ions B. hormone
diffuse into the axon.
C. ligand
C. The axon is depolarized when potas-
sium ions diffuses out of it. D. local regulators

11. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that 16. Which of the following is/are part of the
causes Acetylcholine to: Cell Theory? I. Cells are the smallest units
of lifeII. Being made of cells is a character-
A. connect at the neuromuscular junction
istic of being aliveIII. All cells come from
B. breakdown at the neuromuscular junc- pre-existing cells
tion
A. I and II only
C. release from the synaptic vesicle
B. I and III only
D. does not allow any reaction to take
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. II and III only
place
D. I, II and III
12. The signaling cell and the target cell must
physically come in contact 17. Which body system filters the blood and
eliminates wastes in liquid form?
A. Paracrine
A. Digestive system
B. Endocrine
B. Lymphatic system
C. Juxtacrine
C. Endocrine system
D. Autocrine
D. Urinary system
13. The division of the nervous system that is 18. Which of these 4 events does NOT need to
under voluntary control is the: occur when a muscle contracts?
A. Somatic nervous system A. It must be stimulated by a nerve end-
B. Autonomic nervous system ing
C. Sympathetic nervous system B. Action potential is propagated along
sarcolemma
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Rise is Ca2+ ions
E. All of the above
D. An increase in Mg+
14. Each muscle fiber is directly surrounded by
19. A motor unit is-
connective tissue called the
A. a bundle of nerve muscle fibers.
A. perimysium
B. a group of muscle fibers controlled by
B. fascia
one nerve.
C. endomysium C. the elongated contractile threads
D. epimysium found in striated muscle cells.
D. none of above
15. In a simple synapse, neurotransmitters
chemicals are received by 20. An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclin
A. the presynaptic membrane AMP in response to an extracellular signal
B. the dendritic membrane A. adenylyl cyclase
C. ducts on the smooth endoplasmic retic- B. signal amplification

ulum C. transcription
D. cell bodies D. phosphorilation

21. attaches the muscle to the bone C. A and B

A. ligament D. neither of the choices

B. aponeurosis 27. What three structures make up the neuro-
C. epimysium muscular junction?
D. tendon A. muscle fiber, acetylcholine, vesicles
22. In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes B. motor neuron, motor end plate, acetyl-
supercoil? choline
A. Interphase C. synaptic cleft, motor neuron, sar-

colemma
B. Prophase
D. motor neuron, motor end plate, synap-
C. Anaphase tic cleft
D. Telophase
28. A group of tissues that perform a similar
23. What happens during synaptic transmis- function is called (Examples include the
sion? heart, lungs or stomach)
A. K+ enters the postsynaptic mem- A. cells
brane. B. tissues
B. A neurotransmitter is absorbed C. organs
through the presynaptic membrane.
D. organ systems
C. Na+ is released from the presynaptic
membrane. 29. The crossbridges involved in muscle con-
D. A neurotransmitter binds to a postsy- traction are located on the
naptic membrane receptor. A. myosin filaments
24. The agonist muscle for dorsi-flexion is B. actin filaments
A. Soleus C. tropomyosin
B. Gastrocnemius D. troponin
C. Tibialis anterior 30. Involuntary
D. Achilles A. skeletal
25. During a muscle contraction, cross-bridges B. cardiac
from between what two structures? C. smooth
A. Actin and myosin fibers D. smooth and cardiac
B. neuron and muscle
31. A Process where viruses carry bacterial
C. mitochondria and actin DNA from one bacteril celll to another
D. none of above A. amplification
26. Parasympathetic function B. transduction
A. accommodation of the lens C. transcription
B. achieving equilibrium D. signal transduction

32. Is the neurotransmitter secreted from the C. 1.The muscle fiber membrane is stim-
presynaptic vesicle to the postsynaptic ulated, and a muscle impulse travels
membrane via the synaptic slit? deep into the fiber through the trans-
verse tubules and reaches the sarcoplas-
A. Acetylcholine
mic reticulum.2.The distal end of a motor
B. Calcium neuron releases acetylcholine. 3. Acetyl-
choline diffuses across the gap at the
C. Sodium
neuromuscular junction4. Calcium ions
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Potassium diffuse from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin
E. Histamine molecules. 5. Troponin and tropomyosin
interact to expose binding sites on actin6.
33. Choose the correct order of a muscle con- Actin and myosin filaments form link-
traction. ages7. Myosin cross bridges pull actin fil-
A. 1.Acetylcholine diffuses across the aments inward.8. The muscle fiber short-
gap at the neuromuscular junction2.The ens as a contraction occurs.
distal end of a motor neuron releases D. 1.Actin and myosin filaments form link-
acetylcholine. 3.The muscle fiber mem- ages2.Myosin cross bridges pull actin fila-
brane is stimulated, and a muscle impulse ments inward.3.The distal end of a motor
travels deep into the fiber through the neuron releases acetylcholine. 4. Acetyl-
transverse tubules and reaches the sar- choline diffuses across the gap at the
coplasmic reticulum. 4. Calcium ions neuromuscular junction5.The muscle fiber
diffuse from the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane is stimulated, and a muscle im-
into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin pulse travels deep into the fiber through
molecules. 5. Troponin and tropomyosin the transverse tubules and reaches the
interact to expose binding sites on actin6. sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. Calcium ions
Actin and myosin filaments form link- diffuse from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
ages7. Myosin cross bridges pull actin fil- into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin
aments inward.8. The muscle fiber short- molecules. 7. Troponin and tropomyosin
ens as a contraction occurs. interact to expose binding sites on actin8.
B. 1.The distal end of a motor neuron re- The muscle fiber shortens as a contrac-
leases acetylcholine. 2. Acetylcholine tion occurs.
diffuses across the gap at the neuro-
muscular junction3.The muscle fiber mem- 34. If the concentration suddenly increased in
brane is stimulated, and a muscle impulse the ICF, how would the resting membrane
travels deep into the fiber through the be affected?
transverse tubules and reaches the sar- A. More negative; depolarized
coplasmic reticulum. 4. Calcium ions
B. More negative; hyperpolarized
diffuse from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin C. More positive; repolarized
molecules. 5. Troponin and tropomyosin D. More negative; repolarized
interact to expose binding sites on actin6.
Actin and myosin filaments form link- E. No change
ages7. Myosin cross bridges pull actin fil-
35. found in organ walls
aments inward.8. The muscle fiber short-
ens as a contraction occurs. A. skeletal

B. smooth D. Movement of solute molecules from a

C. cardiac low to high solute concentration

D. smooth and cardiac 40. Type of mononuclear white blood cell that
kills infected cells, certain cancer cells, and
36. Which of the following statements about transplanted cells
the role of Ca2+ in skeletal muscle contrac-
tion is correct? A. white blood cell
A. The mitochondria act as a store of B. memory cell
Ca2+ for the contractile process C. helper T-cell
B. Ca2+ entry across the plasma mem-
D. cytotoxic T-cell
brane is important in sustaining the con-
traction of skeletal muscle 41. Parasympathetic actions
C. A rise in intracellular Ca2+allows A. contraction of the ciliary muscles
actin to interact with myosin
B. contractions of the sphincter of the iris
D. The tension of a skeletal muscle fibre
is partly regulated by G proteins. C. function of CN III
D. A, B
37. Which of the following is involved in cell
recognition? E. A, B, C
A. carrier protein
42. What is the name of the contractile unit in
B. integral protein a muscle cell?
C. glycoprotein A. fascicle
D. cholesterol B. sarcomere
38. The condition in which a muscle remains C. tendon
contracted between stimuli without relax-
D. endomysium
ing is called
A. recruitment. 43. What is the muscle contraction unit?
B. tetanus. A. Z disk
C. the all-or-none response. B. Sarcomere
D. a motor unit. C. Muscle fiber
E. the lag phase. D. Muscle cell
39. Which of the following describes osmo- 44. Location at which a neuron can transfer an
sis? impulse to another cell with the use of neu-
A. Movement of water molecules from a rotransmitters is called
high to low solute concentration
A. myelin sheath
B. Movement of solute molecules from a
B. axon
high to low solute concentration
C. threshold
C. Movement of water molecules from a
low to high solute concentration D. synapse

45. In a neuromuscular junction, B. Brain

A. the presynaptic terminal is separated C. Dendrite
from the postsynaptic terminal by the
D. Axon
synaptic cleft.
B. the presynaptic terminal contains vesi- 50. These are chemicals that are used for com-
cles filled with sodium ions. munication
C. the presynaptic terminal contains re- A. Neurotransmitters
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ceptor molecules for the neurotransmit-
B. Dendrites
ter.
C. Synaptic Vesicles
D. the neurotransmitter causes an action
potential in the presynaptic terminal. D. Axon Terminals
E. All of these conditions occur. 51. The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber is called
46. Which metabolic pathway is anaerobic,
has medium amounts of mitochondria, and A. sarcoplasm
creates lactic acid
B. sarcolemma
A. Creatine Phosphate
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. Fermentation
D. summation
C. Cellular Respiration
D. none of above 52. The nerve cell that carries impulses from a
sense receptor to the brain or spinal cord
47. Refer to the previous question on snake is a
venom. The snake venom mimics neuro- A. Motor Neuron
transmitters and can attach to receptor
proteins on the postsynaptic cell. There- B. Sensory Neuron
fore, what type of graded potential does C. Relay Neuron
the snake venom initiate?
D. none of above
A. EPSP
B. IPSP 53. Tube where air enters the body
C. Action Potential A. trachea

D. none of above B. bronchi
C. bronchioles
48. When is lactic acid formed?
D. oesophagus
A. Aerobic respiration
B. Anaerobic respiration 54. For a neuron with an initial membrane po-
C. Creatine phosphate tential of-70mV, an increase in the move-
ment of potassium ions out of their neu-
D. none of above ron’s cytoplasm would result in
49. The part of the nerve cell that receives a A. replacement of potassium ions with
message. calcium ions
A. Nerve B. hyperpolarization of the neuron

C. neuron switching on its sodium- D. Atrioventricular valves:open. Semilu-

potassium pump to restore the initial con- nar valves:open.
ditions

59. Identify one factor that can cause the first
D. replacement of potassium ions with sodium channel to open in a muscle cell.
sodium ions
A. Calcium ions being released from the
55. Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline sarcoplasmic reticulum.
or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neuro- B. Acetylcholine being released from the
transmitter. The model for the action of motor neuron
Epinephrine is shown below. Which of the
C. Calcium ions binding to troponin
following molecules act as a second mes-
senger in the cascade by which epinephrine D. ATP causing the myosin heads to pop
stimulates the activation of the enzyme up.
glycogen phosphorylase?
60. What two molecules form the cross-
A. Adenosine bridges involved in muscle contraction?
B. Adenylyl cyclase A. myosin
C. Citric acid B. tropomyosin
D. Cyclic AMP C. troponin
56. The part of the nervous system that con- D. actin
trols involuntary actions is the
61. Cellular secretion of biological molecules
A. Central Nervous Sytem by the fusion of vesicles containing them
B. Peripheral Nervous System with the plasma membrane
C. Autonomic Nervous System A. receptor
D. Somatic Nervous System B. endocytosis

C. exocytosis
57. Which muscle fibre has the lowest resis-
D. plasma membrane
tance to fatigue?
A. Slow oxidative 62. proteins found at the centromere
B. Fast oxidative glycolytic A. mitotic spindles
C. Fast glycolytic B. kinetochore
D. none of above C. chromatin
D. nuclear membrane
58. What is the position of the heart valves
when blood pressure is highest in the 63. How can knowledge of the pinneal gland
aorta? function be applied
A. Atrioventricular valves:open. Semilu- A. To restore sleep by the use of mela-
nar valves:closed. tonin
B. Atrioventricular valves:closed. Semilu- B. To trigger ovulation during an IVF
nar valves:open. treatment
C. Atrioventricular valves:closed. Semilu- C. To reduce sperm production in male
nar valves:closed. contraception

D. To regulate blood sugar in type I di- 69. A single motor neuron and all the skeletal
betes muscles fibers it innervates is called a
64. Humans have for body temperature, A. neruomuscular junction

blood glucose concentrations, electrolyte B. synaptic cleft
concentrations, pH levels, tendon tension
and variables. C. motor unit
A. positive feedback mechanisms D. synapse
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. set points E. presynaptic terminal
C. a wide internal range 70. a discrete bundle of muscle fibers
D. no regulation
A. fascicle
65. What is a characteristic of type II dia- B. myofibril
betes?
C. sarcomere
A. Insufficient insulin
D. myofilament
B. Insulin insensitivity
C. Excess glucagon 71. The long, main portion of a bone is the
D. Low white blood cell count A. endosteum
66. SPECIFIC NEUROTRANSMITTER FOR MUS- B. epiphysis

CLES C. diaphysis
A. SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM D. periosteum
B. MYOFIBRIL
72. Select all that increase diffusion rate
C. ACETYLCHOLINE
A. high concentration gradient
D. AXON TERMINAL
B. high surface area
67. In which blood vessels connected to the
heart does the blood have the lowest car- C. low concentration gradient
bon dioxide concentration? D. short diffusion distance
A. Pulmonary vein
73. The following are true of diffusion, EX-
B. Vena cava CEPT
C. Pulmonary artery A. This is the tendency of molecules to
D. Coronary vein move from an area of higher concentra-
tion to an area or lower concentration
68. Which ion below IS NOT critical to muscle
contraction? B. Uses adenosine triphosphate to trans-
port substances across the plasma mem-
A. Sodium Ion brane
B. Calcium Ion C. Can be classified as either facilitated
C. Potassium Ion diffusion or simple diffusion
D. Phosphorus Ion D. A form of passive transport

74. What do neuroglia do? C. negative feedback

A. Release neurotransmitters D. positive feedback

B. Support and nourish neurons
80. covers the actin and prevents the myosin
C. Release calcium to activate neurons head to attach to the actin (rope or strand
D. Absorb nutrients from neurons shape).
75. An enzyme that transfers phosphate A. tropomyosin

groups from ATP to a protein, thus phos- B. Myosin and actin
phorylating the protein
C. Calcium and Oxygen
A. protein
D. Glycogen and hemoglobin
B. phosphorilation
C. G-protein 81. What is the space between the axon ter-
D. protein kinase minal and the motor endplate?
A. Axon Terminal
76. A sheath like tendon that connects two
muscles together is known as a? B. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
A. Fascicle C. Synaptic Cleft
B. Perimysium D. Synaptic Vesicles
C. Aponeurosis
82. The contractile unit of a muscle is called the
D. Tendon
77. results from damage to Broca’s speech A. Sarcolemma

area (BAs 44 and 45)
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
A. motor aphasea
C. Sarcoplasm
B. motor ephasia
D. Sarcomere
C. motor aphasia
D. none of above 83. Which type of muscle attaches to bones?
78. Substance that creates an immune re- A. cardiac

sponse by binding to receptors of cells B. smooth
A. plasma cell C. skeletal
B. antibody D. none of above
C. antigen
84. Which of the following muscle types is in-
D. pathogen
volve in peristalsis and not striated? !
79. An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of A. Smooth
a phosphate group from ATP to a specific
molecule B. Skeletal
A. kinase C. Cardiac
B. phosphorylation D. All of the above are striated

85. What is the function of surfactant? select 91. Cell death that is brought about be the acti-
all. vation of enzymes that break down many
A. keeps alveoli moist chemical components in the cell
B. prevents alveoli sticking together A. interphase
C. maintains concentration gradient B. mitosis
D. reduces surface tension C. apoptosis
86. Which of the following is not a muscle in D. cancer
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the quadriceps group?
92. Dendrites are-
A. Biceps femoris
A. branched nerve fibers that convey lo-
B. Vastus lateralis cal potential changes toward the cell body
C. Vastus intermedius of a neuron.
D. Vastus medialis B. the long threadlike part of a nerve cell
along which impulses are conducted from
87. What chemicals are needed for muscle con- the cell body to the axon terminal endings.
traction?
C. what controls the functions of the neu-
A. Niacin and Potassium
ron.
B. Calcium and ATP
D. what insulates the axon and helps im-
C. Sodium and Potassium pulses propagate faster.
D. Ach and Potassium
93. The neurotransmitter that is released from
88. What is a group of similar cells? the presynaptic neuron must diffuse across
A. Tissue the (location) before reaching the post-
synaptic neuron.
B. Organ
A. Dendrite
C. Cell group
D. Organ system B. Axon
C. Synaptic Cleft
89. the zone of a sarcomere contains no
actin filaments while the skeletal muscle D. none of above
is at rest
94. The following are true of the cell’s plasma
A. H membrane, EXCEPT:
B. Z A. It is serves as the boundary that sep-
C. synaptic cleft arates the intracellular components and
D. sarcomere the extracellular matter
B. Serves as site of attachment of cells to
90. Which organ in the human body secretes
other cells
lipase, amylase and protease?
C. Composed of a single layer of phospho-
A. Pancreas
lipids
B. Liver
D. Composed primarily of proteins and
C. Gall bladder lipids, with small amounts of carbohy-
D. Small intestine drates

95. What neurotransmitter travels from the 100. When does melatonin secretion in-
presynaptic vesicles to the postsynaptic crease?
membrane via the synaptic cleft?

A. The morning
A. Acetylcholine B. The evening
B. Calcium
C. After sleeping
C. Sodium
D. From visual cues.
D. Potassium
101. Which of the following is not a compo-
E. Histamine
nent of a thin filament?
96. What is a characteristic of skeletal mus- A. actin
cle?
B. myosin
A. Tapered Ends
C. troponin
B. Involuntary
D. tropomyosin
C. Striated
D. Single Nucleus 102. The functional unit of the contractile sys-
tem in skeletal muscle is(are)
97. What is the main method of transport of A. myofibrils
monosaccharides such as fructose across
the intestinal epithelium? B. cross-bridges
A. Osmosis C. sarcomeres
B. Facilitated diffusion D. Z-bands
C. Endocytosis 103. The region on each sister chromatid
D. Active transport where they are most closely attached to
each other
98. secrets cytokines that promote the re-
sponse of B cells and cytotoxic T cells to A. chromatin
antigens B. centromere
A. plasma cell C. mitotic spindles
B. B-cell D. sister chromatid
C. helper T-cell
104. At resting potential, there are more
D. phagocytic cell ions outside the neuron and more ions
inside the cell.
99. What do both endocytosis and exocytosis
both have in common? I. ATP is needed to A. potassium, sodium,
form vesiclesII. Membrane fluidity allows B. calcium, phosphate
them to happenIII. They allow substances
C. sulfate, potassium
to leave cells
D. sodium, potassium
A. I and II only
B. I and III only 105. May lead to blindness, except
C. II and III only A. Presybopia
D. I, II and III B. Cataract

C. Glaucoma B. Myosin and actin are cross bridge con-

D. Diabetic retinopathy nected
E. None of the above C. Z-lines are brought closer together

D. AChE is inactive
106. The agonist for flexion at the at the hip
is 111. In the cAMP pathway, the G protein stim-
A. Latissimus dorsi ulates
A. Phospholipase C
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Iliopsoas
C. Gluteus maximus B. Adenylyl cyclase
D. Adductor brevis C. The endoplasmic reticulum

D. Calmodulin
107. Name the neuronal structure that is in-
volved in protein synthesis and give gray 112. What is a neurotransmitter?
matter a “gray” color in appearance. A. fatty covering of the axon
A. Nissl Body B. nerve cell
B. Axon Hillock C. chemical messenger
C. Dendrites D. gap between neurons
D. Myelin Sheath
113. a junction at which a neuron meets an-
108. Which is NOT a function of the muscular other cell
system? A. axon
A. Generating Heat B. dendrites
B. Cleaning out toxins C. myelin sheath
C. Maintaining Posture D. synapse
D. Dilating and constricting the pupil
114. Calcium not only plays a key role in initi-
109. Which of the following is true of thera- ating the release of the neurotransmitter,
peutic cloning? but also bonds to to initiate a muscle
contraction.
A. embryos are produced from which
stem cells are collected A. actin
B. whole organisms are produced from B. troponin
which stem cells are collected C. tropomyosin
C. embryos are produced which do not D. myosin
contain defective genes
D. whole organisms are produced which 115. Which of the following is not a plane of
do not contain defective genes movement?
A. Frontal
110. Which of these things happens during
muscle relaxation? B. Transverse
A. Ca++ is removed from the actin and C. Longitudinal

it goes back to its original shape D. Sagittal

116. The patella is an example of this type of 121. Air filled sacs at end of bronchioles are
bone. called

A. Short A. alveoli
B. Long
B. bronchi
C. Flat
C. trachea
D. Round
D. grapes
117. Which one of the following is a key char-
acteristic of small muscle fibers? 122. What molecule is covering the myosin
A. They contain large amounts of Mito- binding sites in the absence of calcium?
chondria
A. actin
B. They are fast to fatigue
B. ATP
C. They are recruited last
D. They contain low numbers of Mitochon- C. troponin
dria D. tropomyosin
118. What must happen for inspiration to oc-
123. Which of the following muscle types is in-
cur?
volved in peristalsis (swallowing) and not
A. Diaphragm contracts and the lung vol- striated? !
ume decreases.
A. Smooth
B. Diaphragm relaxes and the lung vol-
ume decreases. B. Skeletal
C. Diaphragm contracts and the lung vol- C. Cardiac
ume increases.
D. All of the above are striated
D. Diaphragm relaxes and the lung vol-
ume increases.
124. What molecule does the CALCIUM
119. What is the ion released from the ter- molecule bind to?
minal cisternae that combines with tro- A. myosin
ponin and removes the blocking action of
tropomyosin, resulting in the formation of B. actin
cross bridges?
C. troponin
A. myosin
D. tropomyosin
B. Na+
C. Ca2+ 125. Into what does the neuron release its
D. actin neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular
junction?
120. Anterior means
A. motor end plate
A. toward the front
B. cytoplasm of the muscle cell
B. toward the back
C. toward the middle C. terminal cisternae
D. toward the side D. synapse

126. What structure is the start and stopping B. the H-zone disappears
point for what separates sarcomeres? C. the muscle shortens
A. Z-line D. the distance between z-lines de-
B. M-line creases, the H-zone disappears, and the
muscle shortens
C. H-line
D. Titin filaments 132. What is necessary for the myosin to re-
lease the actin?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
127. Which of the following is part of the en- A. ATP
dosymbiotic theory?
B. ADP
A. Mitochondria evolved from photosyn-
thetic bacteria C. Calcium
B. An aerobic host cell engulfed an anaer- D. Sodium

obic bacterium 133. Marathon runners have a high percent-
C. Animal cells evolved from plant cells age of muscle fibres.
D. An anaerobic host cell engulfed an aer- A. Slow oxidative
obic bacterium B. Fast oxidative glycolytic
128. The hamstring group is made up of C. Fast glycolytic
A. Bicep femoris D. none of above
B. Semimembranosus 134. The following steps refer to various

stages in transmission at a chemical
C. Semitendinosus
synapse Neurotransmitter binds with re-
D. Rectus femoris ceptors associated with the postsynap-
tic membrane.Calcium ions rush into the
129. A line dividing the body into right and left
neuron’s cytoplasmAn action potential de-
sides is called
polarizes the membrane of the axon
A. superficial terminalThe ligand gated ion channels
B. sagittal openThe synaptic vesicles release neuro-
transmitter into the synaptic cleftWhich
C. transverse
sequence of events is correct?
D. proximal
A. 3→2→5→1→4
130. Fill-in-the-blank! Muscle, Muscle Fascicle, B. 5→1→2→4→3
, Myofibril C. 2→3→5→4→1
A. Muscle fiber D. 4→3→1→2→5
B. Myofilament
135. A muscle that stabilises one part of a
C. Sarcomere body while another causes movement is
D. Actin the definition of
A. Agonist
131. Which of the following occurs when a
muscle contracts? B. Antagonist
A. the distance between z-lines de- C. Fixator
creases D. none of above

136. What is a characteristic of antigens? C. Bone

A. They recognize foreign substances D. Joint

B. They are produced in bone marrow
142. The addition of a phosphate to an organic
C. They cause disease in humans compound ex:phosphate group added to
D. They stimulate the production of anti- ADP to make ATP
bodies A. ligand
137. A molecule that binds specifically to an- B. transcription
other molecule, usually larger
C. phosphorylation
A. hormone
D. action potential
B. ligand
C. kinase 143. Which of the following is not true of cy-
tokinesis in animal cells?
D. enzyme
A. the cytoplasm divides
138. What is the base cell of the nervous sys-
tem that is responsible for transferring in- B. a cell plate forms at the equator
formation? C. the two cells pinch apart
A. Neuron D. it happens after mitosis
B. Astrocyte
144. What is not a negative feedback mecha-
C. Schwann Cell
nism? note:opposite of the stimulus.
D. Ependymal Cell
A. If the stimulus is an increase in blood
139. What is included in the anatomy of the pressure, the output is a decrease in
CNS? blood pressure.
A. Brain & Spinal Cord B. If the stimulus is an increase in body
B. Brain & Eyes temperature, the output is a decrease in
body temperature
C. Spinal Cord & Peripheral Nerves
C. If the stimulus is an decrease in blood
D. Brain & Peripheral Nerves sugar, the output is a decrease in blood
140. What does calcium bind to on the actin sugar.
filament? D. If the stimulus is an increase in blood
A. myosin sugar, the output is a decrease in blood
sugar.
B. troponin
C. tropomyosin 145. What is a segment of a myofibril and one
D. actin contractile unit called?
A. Sarcomere
141. What does the tendon anchor the muscle
too? B. Myofilament
A. Muscle C. Muscle Fiber
B. BoneLigament D. Fasicle

146. A space at which a neuron meets another 151. Which of the following is an example
cell is a of positive feedback to indirectly maintain
A. axon homeostasis?
B. dendrites A. the chemical reactions involved in

blood clotting
C. myelin sheath
B. your blood vessels dilate and you be-
D. synaptic cleft gin to sweat in response to elevated body
temperature
NARAYAN CHANGDER
147. In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter
chemicals are released by C. your blood vessels constrict and you
begin to shiver in response to low body
A. the dendritic membrane
temperature
B. axon hillock
D. your coach compliments you on your
C. the presynaptic membrane performance in practice
D. ducts on the smooth endoplasmic retic-
152. Which of the following do all prokary-
ulum
totes have?
148. The phase is the time between the ap- A. plasmid
plication of a stimulus and the beginning of
B. 80S ribosomes
a contraction.
C. capsule
A. lag/latent
D. cell wall
B. relaxation
C. contraction 153. Sarcomeres are found on
D. tetanus A. Fascicles
E. refractory B. Muscle Fibers
149. The part of the nervous system that con- C. Myofibrils

trols voluntary actions is called the D. Actin and Myosin Filaments
A. Central Nervous System
154. How is simple diffusion different from fa-
B. Peripheral Nervous System cilitated diffusion?
C. Autonomic Nervous System A. Simple diffusion uses channel proteins
D. Somatic Nervous Sytem B. Simple diffusion is slower
150. Which hormone promotes the thickening C. Simple diffusion is a passive process
of the endometrium and also inhibits the D. Simple diffusion is specific
hormone that promotes the development
of the follicle wall into the corpus luteum? 155. What type of joint is the wrist?
A. LH A. Ball and Socket
B. Progesterone B. Condyloid
C. FSH C. Hinge
D. Testosterone D. Pivot

156. Part of a neuron that receives informa- B. synaptic vesicles

tion from other neurons C. cell bodies

A. axon D. nucleus
B. dendrites
161. Which of the following does NOT occur
C. myelin sheath during an action potential?
D. synapse A. Na+ (sodium) voltage channels open
157. Creatine Phosphate: allowing Na+ to diffuse inward, depolar-
izing the membrane
A. is produced by the process of anaero-
bic respiration. B. K+ (potassium) diffuse outward, repo-
larizing the membrane
B. can replace ATP in binding myosin
molecules during contraction. C. Neuron is hyperpolarized and enters a
refractory period
C. acts as an energy reserve in muscle
tissue. D. All of the Na+ channel proteins and
and most of the K+ channel proteins are
D. is only formed during strenuous exer- closed and resting membrane potential
cise. has been reestablished
E. All of these are correct.
162. Muscle fatigue sets in due to the non-
158. Concerning the Cross Bridge Cycle, When availability of
ADP leaves the myosin head, the A. calcium
A. the myosin head goes into the cocked B. ATP
or ready position
C. actin binding sites
B. myosin head pulls on the actin and the
sarcomere shortens D. sodium
C. The myosin head enters the high en- 163. Which statement about muscle contrac-
ergy state and only binds to the actin fil- tion is correct?
ament A. All motor units act together
D. the myosin head enters the low energy B. Muscle contraction continues for long
state periods after nervous stimulation ceases
159. List the structures of the muscle organ C. The myosin heads bind to the actin and
from smallest to largest shorten the sarcomeres
A. sarcomere, muscle fiber, fascicle, D. Troponin is not needed to strengthen
muscle organ the contracting muscle cell.
B. fascicle, muscle organ, myofibril 164. Which muscle fibers store Ca ions and re-
C. fascicle, sarcomere, muscle organ lease them when stimulated?
D. none of above A. T tubule
160. Neurotransmitters are stored and re- B. Sarcolemma

leased from C. Nucleus
A. dendrites D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

165. The antagonist for plantar flexion at the B. Calcium Ions

ankle is C. Serotonin
A. Tibialis anterior D. Acetylcholine
B. Gastrocnemius
171. Skin color is due to a pigment called
C. Soleus
A. Keratin
D. none of above B. Melanin
NARAYAN CHANGDER
166. The enzyme breaks down acetyl- C. Chromatin
choline in the synaptic cleft. D. Epithelium
A. Amylase
172. White matter is and Grey matter is
B. Acetylcholinesterase
C. Helicase A. myelinated; phosphorylated
D. Lipase B. unmyelinated; myelinated
167. The study of the functions of living organ- C. myelinated; unmyelinated
isms and their parts is: D. phosphorylated; myelinated
A. anatomy 173. The actin myofilaments are anchored into
B. histology the cytoskeleton of the cell by the
C. physiology A. Z disks
D. epidermiology B. A band
C. M line
168. continuous, forceful muscular contraction
without relaxation D. I band
A. tetanic contraction E. H zone
B. twitch 174. What is the minimal level of stimulation

required to cause a fiber to contract?
C. summation
A. initial contraction
D. contracture
B. primary stimulus
169. A homeostatic imbalance: C. threshold stimulus
A. Only occur when positive feedback D. tonic contraction
mechanisms are overwhelmed
175. After depolarization what happens to re-
B. Must be restored by negative feedback
store resting potential?
mechanisms
A. Sodium channels open & sodium ions
C. Is considered the cause of most dis-
diffuse out of the neuron.
eases
B. Potassium channels open & potassium
D. Is when the internal conditions of the
ions diffuse out of the neuron.
body become more stable
C. Potassium channels open and potas-
170. Which neurotransmitter initiates an ac- sium ions diffuse into the neuron.
tion potential in the sarcolemma? D. Sodium channels open and sodium
A. Actin ions diffuse into the neuron.

176. a signal molecule that transmits nerve im- C. skeletal

pulses across synapses D. none of above

A. neuron
182. Why doesn’t an action potential travel
B. neurotransmitter
back up the axon of the neuron?
C. nerve
A. because of the valve
D. action potential
B. the axon is repolarized
177. Oogenesis, the process that creates fe- C. it is in the relative refractory period
male gametes, is halted at prophase I until
D. it is in the absolute refractory period
puberty. Which of the following describes
the DNA content of a female’s gametes 183. The is the functional unit of skeletal
during her childhood? muscle because it is the smallest portion of
A. 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids the skeletal muscle capable of
B. 23 chromosomes, 23 chromatids A. muscle fiber, receiving a stimulus
C. 46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids B. muscle fiber, contracting
D. 23 chromosomes, 46 chromatids C. sarcomere, contracting
178. What is dissolved in blood plasma? D. sarcomere, receiving a stimulus
A. carbon dioxide, erythrocytes and E. myofibril, contracting
platelets
184. When Sodium ions fly into the muscle cell,
B. amino acids, glucose and urea it’s said to be
C. carbon dioxide, oxygen and heat A. Repolarizing
D. glycogen, antibodies and urea B. Depolarizing
179. and are regulatory proteins C. Electrically neutral
bound to actin. D. none of the above
A. Troponin and tropomyosin
185. A period of time between a stimulus and
B. Myosin and actin the muscle response is known as
C. Calcium and Oxygen A. refractory period
D. Glycogen and hemoglobin
B. depolarization
180. Form of DNA and proteins as a mass of C. latent period
very long thin fibers
D. contraction
A. chromatin
186. How does potassium move across the
B. chromosome
membrane of a neuron during repolariza-
C. gamete tion?
D. plasma membrane A. Simple diffusion
181. attached to bones B. Facilitated diffusion
A. cardiac C. Endocytosis
B. smooth D. Active transport

187. Which of the following steps occurs 192. Which one of the following is a key char-
first? acteristic of Fast Twitch B muscle fibers?
A. myosin heads attach to actin A. They are Red in color, meaning they
B. myosin heads pivot pulling the actin fil- contain a lot of mitochondria
ament toward the center B. They contract rapidly with great force
C. cross-bridges detach from actin when but fatigue fast (as they use creatine phos-
a new ATP binds to myosin phate pathway)
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. another cross-bridge forms C. They are recruited for long duration ac-
tivities
188. A major function of skin is protection
from: D. They contain high numbers of Mito-
A. Abrasion chondria
B. UV light
193. Which one of the following is a key char-
C. Entry of microorganisms acteristic of slow twitch muscle fibers?
D. All of the above A. They contain large amounts of Mito-
chondria
189. What helps the heart ventricles to fill
with blood? I. Atrial contractionII. Open- B. They are fast to fatigue
ing of atrioventricular valvesIII. Closing of
semilunar valves C. They are recruited last
A. I only D. They contain low numbers of Mitochon-

dria
B. I and II only
C. II and III only 194. Once calcium bonds to troponin,
D. I, II and III shifts, which allows the active sites of G-
actin to be exposed therefore allowing the
190. Muscle fibers that break down ATP formation of crossbridges.
quickly, so they can contract quickly.
A. myosin
A. fast-twitch fibers
B. actin
B. slow-twitch fibers
C. twitch C. tropomyosin
D. fasciitis D. none of above
191. Binding of the calcium causes what to 195. Which is a negative feedback mechanism
happen on the actin filament? in the menstrual cycle?
A. Troponin moves, revealing binding
A. Follicle stimulating hormone inhibits
sites for myosin heads
estrogen
B. Tropomyosin moves, revealing binding
sites for myosin heads B. Estrogen inhibits luteinizing hormone
C. Calcium moves, revealing binding sites C. Estrogen inhibits follicle stimulating

for myosin heads hormone
D. Myosin moves, binding to calcium D. Progesterone inhibits estrogen

196. What happens to the level of thyroxine A. Endopeptidase, secreted by the liver
secretion when the body cools? digests starch to enable absorption by the
villi

A. Increases
B. Contraction of the intestinal muscles
B. Decreases
mixes starch with enzymes to accelerate
C. Stays the same its conversion into amylose
D. none of above C. Glycogen secreted by the pancreas
hydrolyses starch into glucose, which is
197. What is the function of thrombin in the eventually transported to the liver
process of blood clotting?
D. Amylase secreted by the pancreas di-
A. It criss-crosses the wound to trap gests starch to enable absorption by the
blood cells. villi
B. It releases clotting factors from
202. Which of the following is TRUE about
platelets.
graded potentials?
C. It changes from a soluble protein to an
A. They travel down axons.
insoluble fibrous protein.
B. They lose strength as they move to-
D. It acts as a catalyst.
wards the axon hillock.
198. Thick filaments are also know as: C. They lose strength as the move to-
wards the terminal endings.
A. Actin
D. The speed of the graded potential de-
B. Myosin
pends on how much myelin is covering the
C. Troponin axons or dendrites.
D. Tropmyosin E. A threshold must be established be-
fore a graded potential will fire.
199. A mitochondria’s role in muscle contrac-
tion is the production of 203. The bond between actin and myosin is
called a
A. Synthesis of ATP
A. ionic bond
B. Metabolism of ATP
B. crossbridge
C. Synthesis of Proteins
C. covalent bond
D. Metabolism of Worn out Proteins
D. hydrogen bond
200. Controls hearing, and language compre-
hension 204. Aerobic respiration:
A. Frontal Lobe A. requires oxygen

B. breaks down glucose
B. Temporal Lobe
C. produces ATP, CO2, and H2O
C. Occipital Lobe
D. takes place in mitochondria located
D. Parietal Lobe
within the muscle fiber
201. What happens to starch in the small in- E. All of these are true of aerobic respira-
testine? tion

205. The signaling cell secretes a ligand that B. Nodes of ranvier

will communicate with a local target cell
C. Dendrite
A. Juxtracrine
D. none of above
B. Autocrine
C. Endocrine 210. Which of the following is NOT part of the
central nervous system?
D. Paracrine
A. The brain
NARAYAN CHANGDER
206. You are in a dark room and are unable to
B. The spinal cord
see anything. Which of the following best
explains what is happening in the neurons C. The brain stem
of your retina (the photo-sensitive part of
D. Spinal nerves
your eye)?
A. The graded potentials are not strong 211. Movement of air in and out of lungs
enough to trigger an action potential.
A. ventilation
B. The graded potentials are strong
B. gas exchange
enough to trigger an action potential
C. The action potentials are not strong C. respiration
enough to trigger a graded potential D. breathing
D. The action potentials are strong
enough to trigger a graded potential. 212. The ability of a muscle to be stretched be-
yond its original length
E. Hamsters are gnawing on your optic
nerve. You should probably have this A. Contractability
checked by a doctor. B. Elasticity
207. Which of the following is not a type of C. Excitability
bone? D. Extensibility
A. Flat
213. In the muscle stores phosphate to
B. Irregular
make ADP into ATP.
C. Sesamoid
A. Creatine
D. Tiny
B. myoglobin
208. Which two hormones promote thickening C. acetylcholine
of the endometrium directly?
D. troponin
A. LH and progesterone
B. Estrogen and FSH 214. When a muscle shortens under tension, it
C. LH and estrogen is called
D. Progesterone and estrogen A. isotonic eccentric contraction

B. isotonic concentric contraction
209. In myelinated nerve fibers, action poten-
tials are produced at the (location). C. isometric concentric contraction
A. Synaptic Cleft D. isometric eccentric contraction

215. The hypothalamus- A. M-band

A. relays sensory signals. B. I-band

B. is important for memory recollection. C. A-band
C. relays hormones created by hypothala- D. Z-band
mus.
D. maintains homeostasis . 221. What helps to regulate the levels of glu-
cose in blood?
216. Which side of an axon is more positive A. Insulin and glucagon
before an action potential?
B. Kidneys and liver
A. Inside
C. Glycogen and insulin
B. Outside
D. Digestion and respiration
C. Neither; neutral
D. none of above 222. The synthesis of RNA using a DNA tem-
plate
217. Define homeostasis.
A. apoptosis
A. The body’s ability to maintain stable in-
ternal conditions B. signal amplification
B. The body’s ability to survive at 102 de- C. transcription

grees D. mitosis
C. The changes that occur when your
223. Which plane of movement ‘Divides
body is outside
the body into superior (upper) and inferior
D. The body’s ability to send adrenaline to (lower) parts? ’
the brain
A. Transverse
218. What is the insulating membrane that B. Frontal
surrounds parts of the axon that helps to
protect & propagate action potential? C. Sagittal
A. Axon D. none of above

B. Dendrites 224. Choose the steps for muscle relaxation
C. Node of Ranvier A. 1. Acetylcholinesterase decomposes
D. Myelin Sheath acetycholine, and the muscle fiber mem-
brane is no longer stimulated. 2. Calcium
219. The heart is to the stomach ions are actively transported into the sar-
A. superficial coplasmic reticulum.3. ATP causes link-
ages between actin and myosin filaments
B. deep
to break without being broken down it-
C. superior self. 4. Troponin and tropomyosin inter-
D. inferior act, blocking binding sites on actin5. The
muscle fiber relaxes.6. ATP breakdown
220. The striations that give muscles their “cocks” myosin cross-bridges. The musce
strained appearance are from what two fiber remains ready for further stimula-
bands? tion.

B. 1. The muscle fiber relaxes. 2. Cal- C. connect blood vessels to neurons

cium ions are actively transported into
D. form membranes in the CNS
the sarcoplasmic reticulum.3. Troponin
and tropomyosin interact, blocking bind-
226. An uncontrollable contraction of the mus-
ing sites on actin4.ATP causes linkages
cle is known as a?
between actin and myosin filaments to
break without being broken down itself. 5. A. Strain
Acetylcholinesterase decomposes acety- B. Cramp
NARAYAN CHANGDER
choline, and the muscle fiber membrane is
no longer stimulated. 6. ATP breakdown C. Muscular Dystrophy
“cocks” myosin cross-bridges. The musce D. Fibromyalgia
fiber remains ready for further stimula-
tion. 227. What advice should be given to someone
C. 1. Acetylcholinesterase decomposes with Type 2 diabetes?
acetycholine, and the muscle fiber mem- A. Take your insulin injections
brane is no longer stimulated. 2. ATP
breakdown “cocks” myosin cross-bridges. B. Exercise more
The musce fiber remains ready for fur- C. Eat foods low in sugar
ther stimulation.3.Calcium ions are ac-
tively transported into the sarcoplasmic D. Have fun
reticulum.4. ATP causes linkages be-
tween actin and myosin filaments to break 228. what is the function of Calcium during a
without being broken down itself. 5. Tro- skeletal muscle contraction?
ponin and tropomyosin interact, blocking A. connecting to H zone
binding sites on actin6. The muscle fiber
relaxes. B. connecting to troponin
D. 1 ATP breakdown “cocks” C. connecting to myofibril

myosin cross-bridges. The muscle D. connecting to myosin
fiber remains ready for further stimu-
lation.2.Calcium ions are actively trans- 229. A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a
ported into the sarcoplasmic reticu- eukaryotic cell
lum.3.Acetylcholinesterase decomposes
A. kinase
acetycholine, and the muscle fiber mem-
brane is no longer stimulated. 4. ATP B. tissue
causes linkages between actin and
C. enzyme
myosin filaments to break without be-
ing broken down itself. 5. Troponin and D. vesicle
tropomyosin interact, blocking binding
sites on actin6. The muscle fiber relaxes. 230. What is the part of the neuron that re-
ceives impulses?
225. What is the function of an oligodendro-
A. axon
cyte?
B. synapse
A. digest debris or bacteria
C. cell body
B. make the myelin sheath that insulates
axons in the CNS D. nodes of Ranvier

231. Fill-in-the-blank! Muscle, Fascicle, , A. Estrogen leading to an increase in FSH

Myofibril receptors in the follicles, increasing estro-
gen production further

A. Muscle fiber
B. Progesterone inhibiting further secre-
B. Myofilament
tion of LH & FSH
C. Sarcomere
C. Estrogen and progesterone inhibiting
D. Actin FSH secretion
232. Muscles that contract during inhalation D. Estrogen levels peaking resulting in LH
(select all) being secreted
A. internal intercostal muscles 237. The limbic system deals with-

B. external intercostal muscles A. maintaining homeostasis
C. abdominal wall muscles B. higher cognitive functions
D. diaphragm C. emotional responses and attitudes.
D. regulating motor units for smooth and
233. When a neuron is not engaged in an im- balanced muscular activity.
pulse.
238. The increased frequency of impulse leads
A. Resting potential
to a forceful and sustained contraction
B. Action potential known as
C. Neural potential A. Summation
D. Synaptic potential B. Tetanic
C. Tension
234. Regulation in which accumulation of an
end product of a process slows the process; D. Twitch
change in variable triggers a response that
239. A needle would pierce the epidermal lay-
counteracts the initial change
ers of the forearm in which order?
A. homiostasice A. D) corneum, granulosum, spinosum,
B. hormones basale
C. positive feedback B. granulosum, basale, spinosum,
corneum
D. negative feedback
C. basale, spinosum, granulosum, lu-
235. is the part of the nervous system that cidum, corneum
consists of the nerves and ganglia on the D. basale, spinosum, granulosum,
outside of the brain and spinal cord corneum
A. Autonomic Nervous System
240. A sarcomere is
B. Peripheral Nervous System
A. A protein filament or fiber
C. Sympathetic Nervous System
B. The basic contractile unit of muscle
D. Dendrites contraction
236. Which of these is an example of a posi- C. An organelle
tive feedback loop during menstruation? D. An organ

241. The division of the nervous system A. threshold stimulus theory

conducts action potentials from the central B. sliding filament theory
nervous system to cardiac muscle.
C. neurotransmitter theory
A. Afferent
D. all or none principle
B. Autonomic
C. Sensory 247. During rapid depolarization of an action
potential the current flow (charge of the
D. Somatic
membrane potential) is dominated by
NARAYAN CHANGDER
242. A molecule released a from the synaptic A. The inward movement of K+
terminal of a neuron at a chemical synapse
B. The outward movement of K+
A. nureotransmitter
C. The inward movement of Na+
B. axon
D. The outward movement of Na+
C. dendrite
D. nueron 248. What bonds to the binding site on actin
filaments that allows sliding of the fila-
243. Which of the following has a double mem- ments to occur?
brane?
A. Calcium
A. Golgi apparatus
B. troponin
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. myosin heads
C. Lysosome
D. tropomyosin
D. Chloroplast
249. Which of the following is true about mi-
244. If, under resting conditions, a cell mem- croglia:
brane suddenly became more permeable to
sodium than potassium, the resting mem- A. They undergo phagocytosis within the
brane potential would PNS to remove cell debris, wastes and
pathogens
A. Be altered very little
B. They wrap their processes around neu-
B. Become more negative rons and capillaries
C. Become more positive
C. They are involved in producing CSF
D. none of above
D. They are related to immune sys-
245. Inside a muscle cell that is at rest, the tem cells such as monocytes and
internal charge is macrophages
A. Negative 250. What is the name give to the thin pro-
B. Positive tein filaments within the muscle contractile
unit?
C. Neutral
A. Myosin
D. none of above
B. Actin
246. states that the muscle fibers shorten as
the actin and myosin filaments pull on each C. Myoglobin
other D. Haemoglobin

251. Which combo of chemicals are essential C. a pre-synaptic neuron involved in egg
for a muscle contraction? laying

A. Potassium, ADP, Phosphorous D. a receptor for serotonin on cells
B. Calcium, Potassium, Phosphorous needed for egg laying
C. Sodium, Potassium, Glucose 255. What is the name of the connective tis-
D. Calcium, ATP, Sodium sue covering that covers the entire muscle
organ?
252. A state of sustained, partial contraction
is known as? A. Endomysium
A. all or none response B. Perimysium
B. muscle tone C. Epimysium
C. twitch D. Fascicle
D. rigor mortis
256. The agonist for flexion at the knee is the
253. Homeostasis is also termed a dynamic
equilibrium because
A. Iliopsoas
A. The body maintains an internal bal-
ance, within fluctuating limits B. Bicep femoris (hamstring group)
B. In homeostasis parts of the system C. Gastrocnemius
change but the overall system stays con- D. Rectus femoris (quadriceps groups)
stant
C. ALL THE ABOVE 257. Why does an action potential propagate
D. none of above in only one direction?
A. the previous piece of membrane is in
254. C. elegans is a model organism and was
relative refractory
the first eukaryotic organism to have its
genome sequence. The free-living nema- B. the next piece of membrane is in rela-
tode is often used in laboratories investi- tive refractory
gating reproduction, particularly egg lay- C. the previous piece of membrane is in
ing. There are 16 muscles, 2 types of absolute refractory
neurons, and multiple receptors involved
in the process of laying eggs in C. elegans D. the next piece of membrane is in abso-
and there are mutations in all of these lute refractory
structures for the study of process. One
particular mutation that prevents the lay- 258. Small non protein that relays a signal to
ing of eggs by the worm is rescued by the a cell’s interior in response to a signaling
neurotransmitter, serotonin. the rescue molecule bound by a signal receptor pro-
suggests that the mutation is most likely tein
in which of the following? A. second messager
A. one of the muscles needed for egg- B. adenylyl cyclase
laying
C. local regulators
B. a postsynaptic . neuron involved in egg
laying D. pathogen

259. what is the meaning of the sarcomere? C. heart/cardiac rate (HR)

A. the basic contractile unit of muscle D. all of the above
fiber
264. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of
B. a synaptic connection between the ter- smooth muscle tissue?
minal end of a motor nerve and a muscle
A. Spindle-shaped
C. a single cylindrical muscle cell B. Striated
D. the rapid communication between C. Involuntary
NARAYAN CHANGDER
electrical events occurring in the plasma
membrane of skeletal muscle fibres D. Authorhythmic
E. Hormone Control
260. The most correct sequence of early devel-
opment following fertilization is: 265. Which of the following can be mutated to
cause cancer? I. tumour suppressor geneII.
A. Zygote, blastomeres, morula, blasto-
oncogeneIII. proto-oncogene
cyst
A. I and II only
B. Oocyte, zygote, morula, blastocyst
B. I and III only
C. Zygote, conceptus, blastocyst
C. II and III only
D. Polar bodies, zygote, conceptus, blas-
D. I, II and III
tocyst
266. CONTRACTUAL UNIT OF MUSCLE FIBER
261. The short branched extension of a neuron
that receives signals from other neurons A. MYOSIN
A. nuerontransmitter B. SARCOPLAMIC RETICULUMSAR-

COPLASMIC RETICULUM
B. synapse
C. SARCOMERES
C. axon
D. MYOFIBRIL
D. dendrite
267. The space between the neuron and the
262. Which of the following sets of ions are muscle is the
needed in the muscle fiber to eventually A. motor unit
cause a contraction?
B. motor end plate
A. sodium and potassium
C. synaptic cleft
B. calcium and magnesium
D. motor neuron
C. sodium and calcium
268. The observation that the acetylcholine re-
D. sodium and magnesium leased into the junction between a motor
neuron and a skeletal muscle binds to a
263. The usual vital signs like are useful to
sodium channel and opens it is an exam-
detect any serious homeostatic imbalance
ple of
that necessitates immediate attention and
treatment. A. ligand gated sodium channel
A. blood pressure (BP) and body temper- B. chemical that inhibits action potentials
ature (BT) C. voltage-gated sodium channel
B. respiratory rate (RR) D. voltage gated potassium channel

269. Neural transmission across a synaptic A. The nerve impulse could not be trans-
cleft is accomplished by: mitted because it must be initiated at the
dendrite end of a neuron.

A. the movement of sodium & potassium
from the presynaptic neuron to the post- B. Since neuron transmission is one-way,
synaptic neuron. the nerve impulse would only be trans-
mitted to the end of the exon and then
B. impulses traveling as electrical cur-
through neurotransmitters to the next
rents across the gap.
neuron.
C. impulses causing the release of a
C. The nerve impulse would go both di-
neurotransmitter signal and its diffusion
rections from the stimulus point, but only
across the gap.
the axon end could transfer the mes-
D. impulses ricocheting back and forth sage through neurotransmitters to an-
across the gap. other neuron
270. Cell surface receptors may be any of the D. The nerve impulse would go both direc-
following except tions and the dendrite end would be stim-
ulated to send a second message through
A. G protein linked this neuron.
B. Enzymic receptors
274. The parietal lobe of the cerebrum is in-
C. Single-pass transmembrane proteins volved with-
for neurotransmitters
A. sensory input and comprehension
D. Chemically-gated ion channels
B. understanding speech and using
271. Which of the following correctly lists the words
components of the central nervous sys- C. emotional expression and memory
tem?
D. visual processing
A. Brain and nerves
275. Name the levels of structure in a human
B. Brain and spinal cord
being starting with the smallest level.
C. Brain, spinal cord, and nerves A. Atoms/Molecules → Cells → Tissues
D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic ner- → Organism → Organ System → Organ
vous system B. Atoms/Molecules → Cells → Tissues
→ Organ →Organ System → Organism
272. This glial cell is responsible for building
the myelin sheath in the peripheral ner- C. Tissue → Cells → Atoms/Molecules
vous system. → Organs → Organ Systems → Organ-
isms
A. Neuron
D. Atoms/Molecules → Cell → Organ
B. Schwann cells
System → Organism → Organ → Tissue
C. Oligodendrocyte
276. Which ion channel opens in response to
D. Astrocyte
a change in membrane potential voltage
273. What happens if a neuron is stimulated change and participates in the generation
enough midway in an exon to trigger an and conduction of action potentials?
action potential? A. Mechanically regulated channels

B. Leak channels C. Na+ ions are pumped into the cell to

C. Voltage-gated channels repolarize the membrane.
D. Ligand-gated channels D. Ion channels let Na+ diffuse into the

cell to depolarize the membrane.
the body into left and right parts from the 282. Which of the following is true of diffu-
medial (midline) to the lateral (outside)? ’ sion?
A. Sagittal A. It cannot occur without a selectively
NARAYAN CHANGDER
permeable membrane
B. Frontal
C. Transverse B. Molecules move against the concentra-
tion gradient
D. none of above
C. It is an active process
278. Which muscle types are Involuntary? D. It happens faster when the concentra-
A. skeletal tion gradient is increased
B. cardiac
283. The linkage or mechanical, chemical, or
C. smooth electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cel-
D. smooth and cardiac lular response
A. signal transduction
279. An enzyme that removes phosphate
groups from proteins B. signal transduction pathway
A. cascade C. second messenger
B. protein phosphates D. local regulators
C. second messenger
284. Cell signaling involves converting extra-
D. cyclin cellular signals to specific responses inside
the target cell. Which of the following best
280. The period after an initial stimulus when
describes how a cell initially responds to a
a neuron is NOT sensitive to another stim-
signal?
ulus is the/a
A. The cell experiences a change in recep-
A. Resting potential
tor conformation
B. Absolute refractory Period
B. The cell experiences an influx of ions
C. Depolarization period
C. The cell experiences an increase in
D. Repolarization period protein kinase activity
E. Graded potential D. The cell experiences G protein activa-
281. Neurons transmit electrical impulses. tion
Which statement describes part of this pro-
285. What is the function of skeletal muscle
cess?
fiber?
A. K+ ions are pumped out of the cell to
A. maintain posture
depolarize the membrane.
B. Ion channels let K+ diffuse into the B. stabilize bones and joints
cell to depolarize the membrane. C. control internal movement

D. keep your heart pumping through invol- 290. Name the special oxygen carrying
untary movements molecule specific to muscle.

E. generate heat A. Hemogloblin
286. Which of the following is true of surface B. oxyglobin

area to volume ratios? C. toxicglobin
A. As an organism grows, its volume in- D. myoglobin
creases faster than its surface area
B. The higher the surface area to volume 291. What is the purpose of pulmonary surfac-
ratio, the slower exchange is tant?
C. The rate of substances entering or A. Promotes capillary growth
leaving cells depends mainly on volume B. Decreases surface tension
D. The rate at which substances are pro- C. Adheres alvioli and capillaries
duced or used depends mainly on the sur-
face area D. Stretches the inside surface of the
alveoli
287. The specific molecules that provide cal-
cium binding sites on actin are 292. Neurotransmitters are released into the
molecules. synaptic cleft from the presynaptic neuron
and travel to a receptor on the post synap-
A. troponin
tic neuron membrane. Which processes are
B. tropomyosin required for this to happen?
C. titin A. Release into synaptic cleft:exocytosis.
D. myosin Travel to post synaptic neuron mem-
brane:diffusion
E. sodium
B. Release into synaptic cleft:active
288. Muscle fatigue is at least partially due to transport. Travel to post synaptic neuron
A. loss of actin and myosin from myofib- membrane:diffusion
rils C. Release into synaptic cleft:exocytosis.
B. a buildup of lactic acid in muscles Travel to post synaptic neuron mem-
brane:active transport
C. an overabundance of oxygen
D. holes in the sarcomeres D. Release into synaptic cleft:active
transport. Travel to post synaptic neuron
289. Blood vessels are muscular tubes that membrane:active transport
carry blood, sugar and oxygen to the parts
of the body. Nervous impulses cause these 293. Actin filaments bound to the edges of
tubes to expand or contract. Which sys- the sarcomere, in zig zag structures also
tem do the vessels belong to? known as the
A. Cardiovascular A. M-Line
B. Nervous B. H-Zone
C. Muscular C. Z-Disc
D. Digestive D. A-Band

294. a small bundle of muscle fibers is known 299. Which types of muscle are Striated?
as? A. smooth
A. actin
B. cardiac
B. mysoin
C. skeletal
C. fascicle
D. skeletal and cardiac
D. sarcomere
300. Which two hormones promote thickening
295. A toxin that binds specifically to voltage
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of the endometrium?
gated sodium channels in axons would be
expected to A. FSH and LH
A. have most of its effects on the den- B. Estrogen and FSH
dritic region of a neuron C. LH and estrogen
B. increase the release of neurotransmit- D. Progesterone and estrogen
ter molecules
C. prevent the depolarization phase of 301. In which stage of the cell cycle, does
the action potential a cell’s surface area to volume ratio de-
crease?
D. prevent graded potentials
A. interphase
296. The cell membrane of a muscle cell is
called the? B. cytokinesis
A. Sarcoplasm C. prophase
B. Sarcolemma D. anaphase
C. Z-Line 302. What is the connective tissue covering of
D. A-Band a muscle fascicle?
297. Why is the giant algae Acetabularia an A. endomysium

exception to the Cell Theory? B. perimysium
A. It is multinuclear C. epimysium
B. It has one nucleus D. none of above
C. It does not divide into separate cells
303. Certain snake venoms cause K+ channels
D. It lacks a cell wall to remain open. This will prevent the neu-
298. What is a feature of the human circula- rons from firing action potentials. This oc-
tory system? curs because
A. The wall of the right ventricle of the A. K+ will leave the cell, hyperpolarizing
heart is the thickest of the four chambers. the neuron
B. The pulmonary artery and vena cava B. K+ will enter the cell, hyperpolarizing
both carry deoxygenated blood. the neuron
C. Valves are found in arteries and veins C. K+ will leave the cell, depolarizing the
but not capillaries. neuron
D. Epinephrine acts on the pacemaker to D. K+ will enter the cell, depolarizing the
reduce heart rate. neuron

304. When a neuron is depolarized, what are 309. This division of the peripheral nervous
the first channels to open? system contains receptors and nerve
fibers that carry information from the

A. Sodium
body to the CNS
B. Potassium
A. sensory division
C. Calcium
B. motor division
D. ACTH
C. somatic system
305. Which of the following is not true of the D. autonomic system
cell cycle?
A. Transcription and translation occurs in 310. the heads of the myosin myofilaments
G phase are called when they link the thick and
the thin filament together
B. Cytokinesis happens after mitosis
A. acetylcholine (Ach)
C. Organelles are replicated in S phase
B. ATP
D. Interphase is the longest phase
C. cross bridges
306. Types of secreted chemicals that travel in
D. neuromuscular junction
body fluid, and act on specific target cells,
changing the target cells’ function 311. An organism or virus that causes dieases
A. enzyme
A. plasma cell
B. cyclin
B. pathogen
C. hormone
C. antibody
D. synapes
D. antigen
307. What is the role of the energy provided
by ATP for active transport? 312. Excitiability is the ability of skeletal mus-
cle to
A. It gives the particles greater kinetic
energy A. shorten with force.
B. It moves the phospholipids further B. lengthen passively.

apart in the membrane C. respond to a stimulus.
C. It opens channel proteins D. recoil to their original resting length.
D. It changes the shape of pump proteins E. be stretched.
308. The consists of only actin myofila- 313. What are the two ions transported
ments. across the membrane in an action poten-
A. A band tial?
B. I band A. O2-and K+
C. H zone B. K+ and Na+
D. M line C. Ca+2 and B+3
E. Z disk D. Na+1 and Cl

314. This sections of the brain functions on the C. CNS

subconscious level D. Spinal Nerve
A. cerebrum
320. What is the role of the hormone leptin?
B. cerebellem
A. To regulate the metabolic rate
C. midbrain
B. To inhibit appetite
D. pons
C. To control circadian rhythms
315. A secreted protein that binds to a specific
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. To increase blood sugar concentration
antigen; have a Y-shaped structure
321. Regulation where end product of a pro-
A. pathogen
cess speeds up that process; change in a
B. plasma cell variable triggers a response that amplifies
C. antigen change
D. antibody A. positive feedback
B. hormones
316. Synaptic signaling involves
C. negative feedback
A. Endocrine signals
D. homiostasice
B. Paracrine signals
C. Autocrine signals 322. A cellular protein that occurs in a cycli-
cally fluctuating concentration and that
D. Neurotransmitters plays an important role in regulating the
317. Too much of this neurotransmitter can cell cycle
cause severe muscle spasms and even A. cyclin AMP
death B. adenylyl cyclase
A. Serotonin C. cyclin
B. Endorphins D. cyclin-dependent kinase
C. Acetylcholine
323. Schwann cells create on the outside
D. GABA of many axons in the peripheral nervous
system.
318. Why is-55 mV a significant number?
A. dendrites
A. This is the largest charge achieved dur-
ing an action potential B. axon terminal endings
B. This is the threshold required to com- C. myelin sheaths
plete an action potential D. neurotransmitters
C. This is the resting charge of a neuron
324. A ring-shaped molecule made from ATP
D. This is the charge when all the sodium that is a common intracellular signaling
is inside the cell molecule in eukariotick cells
319. Which term does not belong with the oth- A. checkpoints
ers? B. cyclin AMP or cAMP
A. Brain C. cyclin
B. Spinal Cord D. kinase

325. This section of the brain contains the re- 330. contains stomach, intestines, liver, pan-
flex centers for chewing, facial expression, creas, gallbladder, and kidneys
and eyeball movement

A. abdominal
A. Pons
B. abdominopelvic
B. thalamus
C. pelvic
C. medulla oblongata
D. thoracic
D. midbrain
331. Which statement is true for the antibiotic
326. Reflex arcs end at the- penicillin
A. effector A. Watson and Crick developed the usage
B. sensory neuron of penicillin
C. motor neuron B. pinicillin blocks pathways unique to eu-
D. receptor karyotic cells
C. Viruses lack metabolism and penicillin
327. In what way does the interior surface has no effect on them
of a cell membrane of a resting (non-
conducting) neuron differ from the exter- D. Florey and Chain sequenced the
nal environment? The interior is genome of Penicilium notatum
A. Positively charged and contains less 332. ‘A structure in the sarcoplasm responsi-
sodium ble for aerobic energy production’
B. Negatively charged and contains less A. Mitochondria
sodium
B. Myoglobin
C. Negatively charged and contains more
sodium C. Phosphocreatine
D. Positively charged and contains more D. none of above
sodium
333. a change in the variable
328. Correction of nearsightedness
A. Stimulus
A. Concave lens
B. Variable
B. Convex lens
C. Efferent
C. Cylindrical lens
D. Afferent
D. none of above
334. The is the smooth ER of a muscle fiber
329. Which system acts as a barrier against and stores calcium ions.
infection and UV radiation and helps regu-
late body temperature? A. sarcolemma
A. integumentary B. sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. muscular C. sarcomere
C. digestive D. sarcoplasm
D. cardiovascular E. T tubules

335. A cell makes a signaling molecule that 340. The point of connection between two
acts on its own receptor communication neurons is called the
A. Autocrine A. dendrite
B. Juxracrine B. synapse
C. Paracrine C. cell body
D. Endocrine D. axon hillock
NARAYAN CHANGDER
336. A minimal strength stimulus needed to 341. What molecule has to be present for the
elicit contraction of a single muscle fiber myosin binding sites to be open for myosin
is called stimulus to bind?
A. partial A. Phosphate
B. threshold B. Potassium
C. tetanic C. Calcium
D. twitch D. Sodium
337. Which of the following are true of the
342. Long extension of a neuron that carries
coronary arteries? I. They branch off from
nerve impulses away from cell and to-
the aortaII. They supply heart muscle with
wards target cell
oxygen and nutrientsIII. They take waste
materials away from the heart A. nuerotransmitter
A. I and II only B. axon
B. I and III only C. dendrite
C. II and III only D. synapse
D. I, II and III
343. An electrical signal that travels along the
338. Out of the three ways to make ATP, membrane of a neuron
which method uses oxygen to create 36 A. action potential
ATP/1 Glucose
A. Creatine Phosphate
C. kinetic energy
B. Aerobic Respiration
D. amplification
C. Anaerobic
D. none of above 344. Which of the following are features of
the alveoli that adapt them to gas ex-
339. The anatomical position is characterized change? I. High surface areaII. Thin wall-
by all of the following except sIII. Dry surfaces
A. face pointing anteriorly A. I and II only
B. body standing upright B. I only
C. palms facing posterior C. II and III
D. thumbs pointing laterally D. I, II and III

345. Muscle at the base of the rib cage C. Type II pneumatocytes

A. internal intercostal D. alveolocytes

B. external intercostal 351. Which is not true on the statements be-
C. diaphragm low? There are three states of a neu-
ron possible. A. Resting neuron-with a
D. abdominal wall muscle
normal intraneuronal potential of-65 mil-
346. This carries the impulse from the cell body livolts. B. Neuron in an excited state-with
and is covered in a myelin sheath a less negative intraneuronal potential (-
45 millivolts) caused by sodium influx. C.
A. axon Neuron in an inhibited state with a more
B. nodes of Ranvier negative intraneuronal membrane poten-
C. Schwann cells tial (-70 millivolts) caused by potassium
ion efflux, chloride ion influx, or both.
D. dendrites
A. A
347. situation in which muscle loses its ability B. B
to contract, due to being used strenuously
C. C
for a long period of time
A. muscle pain
E. all of the above
B. muscle cramp
C. muscle fatigue 352. Structure composed of microtubules in-
volved in the movement of chromosomes
D. oxygen debt in mitosis
348. Name the glial cell responsible for produc- A. chromatin
ing and maintaining cerebral spinal fluid. B. centromere
A. Oligodendrocytes C. vesicle
B. Schwann Cells D. mitotic spindles
C. Satellite Cells 353. How would the body respond to an in-
D. Ependymal Cells creased environmental temperature?
E. Astrocytes A. Hairs on body erect
B. Sweating
349. Skeletal Muscle contraction is initiated
when the sends a message to the mus- C. Shivering
cle cell. D. Feel the edge to go play soccer
A. Muscle cell 354. What process is blocked by neonicotinoid
B. Neuron pesticides in insects?
C. Gland A. Transmission of nerve impulses in the
presynaptic neuron
D. None of the above
B. Formation of synaptic vesicles
350. Type of cells secreting surfactant C. Release of neurotransmitter
A. surfactant D. Binding of neurotransmitters to post
B. Type I pneumatocytes synaptic acetylcholine receptors

355. The cells that conduct messages towards 360. Two copies of duplicated chromosomes at-
the brain are the: tached to each other
A. Motor neurons A. sister chromatid
B. Sensory neurons B. mitotic spindles
C. Interneurons C. chromosome
D. Efferent neurons D. kinetochore
E. Neuroglia
NARAYAN CHANGDER
361. A is a single muscle cell.
356. Which of the following sets of ions are A. myofilament
necessary in the chemical events of mus- B. myofibril
cle contraction?
C. muscle fasciculus
A. sodium and potassium
D. whole skeletal muscle
B. calcium and magnesium
E. muscle fiber
C. sodium and calcium
362. The operation of the sodium-potassium
D. sodium and magnesium
“pump” moves:
357. The opening of sodium channels causes a A. sodium & potassium ions into the cell
rapid of sodium that the neuron’s B. sodium & potassium ions out of the cell
membrane.
C. potassium ions into the cell & sodium
A. Efflux:hyperpolarizes ions out of the cell
B. Influx:hyperpolarizes D. sodium ions into the cell & potassium
C. Efflux:depolarizes ions out of the cell
D. Influx:depolarizes 363. A chemical agent that increases the rate
E. Influx:repolarizes of reaction; macromolecule serving as a
catalyst
358. Will increase the likelihood of action po-
A. protein
tentials to occur
B. enzyme
A. repolarization
C. kinase
B. depolarization
D. ozidation
C. hyperpolarization
D. none of above 364. The A-band consists of:
A. Actin
359. When all of the little twitches blend to-
gether until they feel like one gigantic con- B. Myosin
traction ..it’s called C. Actin + Myosin
A. Tetanus D. Nothing
B. Fermentation 365. This is an involuntary muscle tissue found
C. Cellular Respiration in the heart, acts as a pump
D. none of above A. Skeletal

B. Smooth 371. Why is hyperpolarization important?

C. Cardiac A. It makes sure the neuron is healthy

D. none of above B. It prevents a second, unwanted signal
from being sent
366. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in the C. It makes sure the neurons are in the
correct space
A. Synaptic cleft D. It makes sure the charge is back at-70
B. sarcoplasm mV
C. synaptic vesicles 372. Out of the three ways to make ATP,
D. synaptic knob which method does not use oxygen and
only creates 2 ATP/1 Glucose
367. What does thyroxine regulate? A. Creatine Phosphate
A. Transcription B. Aerobic Respiration
B. Translation C. Anaerobic Fermentation
C. Metabolic Rates D. none of above
D. Testosterone production 373. ACTIVATION OF ACH RECEPTORS.2-
BREAKDOWN OF ACh3. RELEASE OF
368. Which of the following contain 70S ribo- ACETYLCHOLINE.4. GENERATION OF
somes? I. prokaryotic cellsII. mitochondri- MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIAL.Which one
aIII. chloroplasts is the correct step of the neuromuscular
A. I and II only junction?
B. I and III only A. 1, 2, 3, 4
C. II and III only B. 3, 2, 1, 4
D. I, II and III C. 4, 1, 2, 3
D. 3, 1, 4, 2
369. ATP:
374. The segment of a myofibril that is called
A. attaches to the myosin myofilaments
a sarcomere runs from
B. provides energy for the movement of A. one Z line to the next Z line
the cross bridges
B. one H zone to the next H zone
C. is required for muscle relaxation
C. one A band to the next A band
D. releases part of its energy as heat
D. one end of a skeletal muscle to the op-
E. Has all of these characteristics posite end
370. found in heart 375. What role does the medulla of the brain
have in controlling heart rate?
A. smooth
A. To secrete adrenaline to speed up the
B. cardiac
heart.
C. skeletal
B. To stimulate myogenic heart muscle
D. none of above contraction.

C. To block pacemaker activity. 381. The sequence of electrical changes that oc-
curs along the sarcolemma when a muscle
D. To adjust heart rate to changing blood
fiber is stimulated is known as the
pressure.
A. action potential
376. The part of the nerve that sends or relays
messages. B. resting potential
A. Synapse C. membrane repolarization

D. membrane hyperpolarization
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Dendrite
C. Neuron 382. Which of the following is true of all
D. Axon prokaryotes? I. They have a nucleoidII.
They have a cellulose cell wallIII. They di-
377. What structures in the small intestine vide by mitosis
transport most fats?
A. I only
A. Arterioles
B. II only
B. Capillaries
C. III only
C. Veins
D. I and II only
D. Lacteals
383. Articulation refers to
378. What is the name given to the contractile
units repeated along the myofibrils? A. muscular movements of the mouth,
tongue, larynx, vocal cords
A. Fascicles
B. language comprehension
B. Perimysium
C. A, B
C. Sarcomere
D. None of the choices
D. Fascia
384. Action potentials are normally carried in
379. With what do we regulate contractile
only one direction:from the axon hillock to-
force?
ward the axon terminals. If you experi-
A. motor units mentally depolarize the middle of the axon
B. muscle fascicles to threshold, using an electronic probe,
then
C. glucose
A. an action potential will be initiated and
D. ATP proceed only back toward the axon hillock.
380. Where is troponin and tropomyosin lo- B. two action potentials will be initiated,
cated? one going toward the axon terminal and
one going back toward the axon hillock.
A. On myosin
C. no action potential will be initiated
B. On actin
D. an action potential will be initiated, but
C. Along the sarcolemma
it will die out before it reaches the axon
D. They are alone terminal.

385. Why is penicillin not used in the treat- 390. Which of the following is not a role of the
ment of human immunodeficiency virus skeleton?
(HIV)?

A. Protection of vital organs
A. HIV patients may be allergic to peni- B. Site for blood cell production
cillin.
C. Provides points of attachment
B. Penicillin causes antibiotic resistance.
D. Responsible for movement
C. Penicillin can prevent phagocytes from
functioning 391. Lobe that processes sensations of touch,
D. Viruses have no metabolism of their temperature, pressure and pain.
own A. Frontal
386. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic B. Parietal

cells. This is because all eukaryotic cells C. Occipital
have:I. 80S ribosomesII. a cellulose cell D. A, B
wallIII. mitochondria
392. Which of the following terms is not like
A. I and II only
the others?
B. I and III only
A. spinal nerve
C. II and III only
B. brain
D. I, II and III
C. spinal cord
387. This section of the brain is responsible for D. CNS
conscious activities
393. Which of the following statements con-
A. cerebellum
cerning the role of Ca2+ in the contraction
B. thalamus of skeletal muscle is correct?
C. hypothalamus A. The mitochondria act as a store of
D. cerebral cortex Ca2+ for the contractile process
B. Ca2+ entry across the plasma mem-
388. This releases neurotransmitters which
brane is important in sustaining the con-
are sent into the synaptic cleft for recep-
traction of skeletal muscle
tors on the dendrite
C. A rise in intracellular Ca2+allows
A. axon
actin to interact with myosin
B. presynaptic terminal
D. The tension of a skeletal muscle fibre
C. gene is partly regulated by G proteins.
D. neuron 394. Connective tissue that surrounds the fas-
389. Which of the following systems would be ciculi is called
classified as absorption and excretion? A. perimysium
A. Male Reproductive system B. endomysium
B. Urinary system C. fascia
C. Cardiovascular system D. fasciculi
D. Lymphatic system E. epimysium

395. Which of the following ions does not play A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases cal-
a key role in muscle contraction? cium
A. sodium B. Calcium is pumped back into the sar-
coplasmic reticulum
B. phosphorus
C. Troponin and calcium bind
C. calcium
D. Tropomyosin and calcium bind
D. none of above
401. Which muscles contract to cause air to
NARAYAN CHANGDER
396. Connects bone to bone and stabilises pass into the lungs through the trachea?
joints during movement is the function of?
A. Internal intercostal muscles and di-
A. Tendon aphragm
B. Ligament B. Internal intercostal muscles and ab-
C. Bursae domen wall muscles
D. Articular cartilage C. External intercostal muscles and di-
aphragm
397. What is the function of the nervous sys- D. External intercostal muscles and ab-
tem? domen wall muscles
A. Transport nutrients around the body
402. The energy for muscle contraction comes
B. Send and receive messages to re- from
spond to a change in an organisms envi- A. pyruvic acid
ronment
B. ATP
C. Brings oxygen into the body
C. synovial fluid
D. Moves body parts
D. water
398. Which body does Ca bind to during muscle
contraction?
the body into anterior (front) and poste-
A. Actin rior (back)? ’
B. Myosin A. Frontal
C. Troponin B. Sagittal
D. Tropomyosin C. Transverse
D. none of above
399. The neurotransmitter always used at the
neuromuscular junction is: 404. Which of these statements is correct re-
A. It depends upon the type of muscle be- garding muscle contraction?
ing innervated A. All motor units act together
B. noradrenaline B. Muscle contraction continues for long
periods after nervous stimulation ceases
C. acetylcholine
C. The crossbridges bind to the actin and
D. dopamine
shorten the sarcomeres
400. What causes the tropomyosin to cover D. Troponin is not needed to strengthen
back over the actin binding sites? the contracting muscle cell.

405. Which of the following is/are correct 410. The glands of the body are under control
about membrane fluidity? I. cholesterol of which system?
is responsible for the membrane having

A. Muscular
fluidityII. phospholipids control membrane
fluidityIII. membrane fluidity allows the B. Endocrine
movement of intrinsic proteins C. Nervous
A. I only D. Lymphatic
B. II only
411. Inability to interpret what is heard and
C. III only
what is read
D. I, II and III
A. Broca’s aphasia
406. At resting potential, the ion distribution
B. Wernike’s aphasia
inside and outside of a neuron is such that
ions are most abundant on the outside C. none of the choices
of the cell, while ions are most abun- D. none of above
dant on the inside of the cell.
A. Potassium; sodium 412. The somatic nervous system can alter the
activities of its targets, the skeletal mus-
B. Sodium; potassium
cle fibers because
C. Calcium; potassium
A. its signals bind to receptor proteins on
D. Calcium; sodium the muscles
407. Which is more true to cause muscle con- B. it is connected to the internal neural
traction? network of the muscles
A. Actin Pulls on the myosin C. its signals reach the muscles via the
B. Myosin Pulls on the Titin blood
C. Myosin Pulls on Actin D. it is electrically coupled by gap junc-
D. Actin Pulls on Titin tions to the muscles
408. Another name for the sarcolemma is 413. Protein molecule that receives chemical
the? signals from outside the cell
A. Cell membrane A. cell
B. Sarcomere B. membrane channel
C. Axon Terminal C. receptor
D. Synaptic Cleft D. ligand
409. Lymphocytes that develop in bone mar-
414. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
row and become effector cells for the hu-
in and out of alveoli
moral immune response
A. memory cell A. ventilation
B. B-cell B. breathing
C. phagocytic cell C. gas exchange
D. plasma cell D. respiration

415. The signaling cell secretes a hormone that A. axon

will travel via the bloodstream to reach B. nuerotransmitter
the target cell
C. dendrite
A. Paracrine
D. synapse
B. Autocrine
419. Assume that excessive consumption of
C. Endocrine
ethanol increases the influx of negative
D. Juxtacrine chloride ions into “commonsense” neurons
NARAYAN CHANGDER
whose action potentials are needed for
416. Anaerobic respiration you to act appropriately and not harm
A. causes fatigue yourself or others. Thus, any resulting
B. produces lactic acid poor decisions associated with ethanol in-
gestion are likely due to
C. produces oxygen
A. more action potentials in your “com-
D. all of these monsense” neurons
417. The myelin sheath plays an important B. more EPSPs in your “commonsense”
role in neuron structure and function. How- neurons
ever, when the myelin sheath is missing or C. increased membrane hyperpolariza-
fully intact, there are consequences. There tion of “commonsense” neurons
are many conditions that cause demyeli-
D. fewer IPSPs in your “commonsense”
nation of neurons, some are autoimmune
neurons
disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, and
others are heredity. The symptoms of 420. Movement of the limbs away from the
these conditions vary, but often include midline of the body parallel to the ground.
speech impairment and difficulty coordinat- A. Flexion
ing movement. Which of the following cor-
rectly connects the symptoms of demyeli- B. Horizontal flexion
nation with the process of nerve impulse C. Horizontal extension
transmission? D. Extension
A. Demyelination prevents the formation
of an action potential in sensory neurons 421. What causes muscle fatigue?
that transmit signals from the environ- A. acetylcholine
ment to the central nervous system. B. cholinesterase
B. Demyelination slows nerve impulse C. lactic acid
transmission
D. glucose
C. Demyelination targets the central ner-
vous system 422. What is the name of the myofilament pro-
tein that pulls actin towards the center of
D. Demyelination prevents the uptake of
the sarcomere?
neurotransmitters reacted to propagate a
message to the next neuron A. Fascicle
B. Actin
418. Area where a nueron communicates with
another cell across a gap via neurotrans- C. Myosin
mitters D. Titin

423. Which term best describes the appear- 428. nerve impulse
ance of an animal cell when placed in a hy- A. action potential
pertonic solution?

A. turgid
C. membrane potential
B. plasmolysed
D. synapse
C. lysis
429. Which is NOT a phase of a muscle twitch
D. crenated
A. latent period
424. After depolarization what happens to
B. contractile period
move the membrane potential back to-
wards the resting potential? C. relaxation period
A. Sodium channels open & sodium ions D. Systolic Period
diffuse out of the neuron.
430. Creatine phosphate provides energy to
B. Potassium channels open & potassium muscle cells by
ions diffuse into the neuron.
A. becoming oxidized and losing phos-
C. Potassium channels open and potas- phate to ATP to form ADP
sium ions diffuse out of the neuron. B. becoming oxidized and losing phos-
D. Sodium channels open and sodium phate to ADP to form ATP
ions diffuse into the neuron. C. providing ATP directly to muscle cells
425. The nerve cell that transmits impulses D. providing ADP directly to muscle cells
from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle
or gland. 431. Which of the following is true of a phos-
pholipid head?
A. Motor Neuron
A. It points inwards and is hydrophobic
B. Relay Neuron
B. It points outwards and is hydrophobic
C. Sensory Neuron
C. It points inwards and is hydrophilic
D. none of above
D. It points outwards and is hydrophilic
426. a neurotransmitter that stimulates skele- 432. Which part of the heart is responsible for
tal muscles regulating heart beat?
A. acetylcholine (Ach) A. Left Ventricle
B. ATP B. SinoAtrial Node
C. cross bridges C. AtrioVentricular Node
D. neuromuscular junction D. Myogenic Node
427. The layer that contains fat is the? 433. A long chain of globular actin forms
A. hypodermis A. troponin
B. dermis B. tropomyosin
C. epidermis C. F-actin
D. stratum corneum D. G-actin

434. The positive feedback loop that is in- channel blocker, such as cadmium, is in-
volved in the generation of an action po- jected into the presynaptic cell, which ex-
tential is terminated by the planation best describes cadmium’s effect
A. Opening of activation gates on sodium on the transmission of the impulse?
channels A. Blocking the voltage-gated channels
B. Closure of activation gates on sodium causes the synaptic vesicles to release
channels their neurotransmitters within the presy-
naptic cell thus reversing the direction of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Opening of inactivation gates on the impulse.
sodium channels
B. Elevated levels of cadmium block the
D. Closure of inactivation gates on ligand-gated ion channels on the post-
sodium channels synaptic membrane that prevents neuro-
transmitters from binding.
435. Which of the following characteristics of
stem cells made them use for therapeutic C. Elevated cadmium levels cause synap-
use? I. they are differentiatedII. they are tic vesicles to fuse with the presynap-
self-replicatingIII. they are pluripotent tic membrane thus releasing their neuro-
transmitters into the synapse triggering
A. I and II only an impulse
B. I and III only D. Elevated cadmium levels prevent the
C. II and III only influx of Ca2+ ions into the postsynap-
tic cell that prevents the release of neu-
D. I, II and III
rotransmitters into the synapse.
436. What type of muscle lines hollow or-
439. Fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres
gans?
are also known as
A. Cardiac
A. Type 1
B. Smooth
B. Type 2a
C. Skeletal
C. Type 2b
D. none of above
D. none of above
437. What molecule provides muscles with the
energy required for contraction to occur? 440. Which structure contains large amounts
of calcium used for muscle?
A. ADP
A. sarcomere
B. ADP-ATP complex
B. mitochondria
C. ADP hydrolysis
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. ATP
D. myofibril
438. When an action potential arrives at the
presynaptic membrane, depolarization oc- 441. Which discovery was an indication that
curs, opening voltage-gated channels. This the heart pumps blood to the body through
allows an influx of Ca2+ ions that are the arteries?
needed to trigger the release of neuro- A. The amount of blood pumped exceeds
transmitter into the synapse. If a calcium that of blood produced

1.4 Central Nervous System 107
B. Blood could easily be pushed up a limb D. endocytosis

vein, but not down
445. What has to happen to stop the muscle

C. The observation that there were pores contraction and cause the muscle to relax?
between the left and right atria (Select all that apply)
D. The heart swelled up when arteries A. Acetylcholinesterase enzymes must
were tied in an animal experiment break down acetylcholine in synaptic cleft
442. Which pituitary hormones regulate the B. Myosin heads release actin filament
human menstrual cycle?
C. Calcium must be pumped back into sar-
A. FSH and LH coplasmic reticulum
B. Progesterone and estrogen D. Tropomyosin changes shape to cover
C. HCG and estrogen binding sites
D. FSH and oxytocin 446. What molecule is responsible for provid-
ing energy for muscle contraction?
443. What is a crossbridge?
A. ADP
A. Where myosin binds to actin
B. ATP
B. Where the calcium crosses into the cy-
toplasm C. GTP
C. Where calcium binds with troponin D. Calcium
D. None of the answers are correct. 447. A student accidentally places her hand on
444. Cellular uptake of biologival molecules a tack and quickly pulls her hand away.
and particulat matter via formation of The tack represents
vesicles from the plasma membrane A. a stimulus
A. enzyme B. an effector
B. kinase C. an impulse
C. exocytosis D. a response
1.4 Central Nervous System

1. The main organ of the nervous system. D. stimulus
A. spinal cord
3. Check all divisions of the nervous system
B. nerves that apply to the following scenario:You
C. neuron are in class working on a group assignment
with friends, when suddenly you “hear” a
D. brain
loud noise from the group next to you. You
2. Any message that is sent by the body or turn your head toward the noise to “see”
the brain using neurons is called an what is happening (to obtain more infor-
A. impulse mation about the situation). Then you re-
alize you (involuntarily) just took and deep
B. reaction sudden gasp and your heart started pound-
C. synapse ing, while one of your arms moved and

your hand is on your chest. In a couple 8. Which organs form the central nervous
seconds time, you realize the sound was system?
just a Yeti cup falling onto the floor, no A. Brain and skull
big deal. You return back to working on
your assignment, and then notice you’re B. Brain and spinal cord
not breathing heavy and you are back to C. Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain and
normal spinal cord.
A. CNS & PNS D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Autonomic 9. What is another word for autonomic?
C. Somatic A. voluntary
D. Sympathetic B. involuntary
E. Parasympathetic C. central
D. brain
4. In a synaptic cleft, what RECEIVES the se-
creted neurotransmitters? 10. Which one of the following is the cor-
rect sequence of events that follows a
A. Dendrite threshold potential:1.membrane becomes
B. Axon depolarized2. sodium channels open and
sodium ions diffuse inward3. membrane
C. Cell Body becomes repolarized4. potassium chan-
D. Myelin sheath nels open and potassium ions diffuse out-
ward while sodium actively transported
5. Spinal and cranial nerves belong to out of the cell
A. CNS A. 4, 1, 3, 2
B. ENS B. 2, 1, 4, 3
C. PNS C. 3, 2, 1, 4
D. 1, 2, 3, 4
D. ANS
11. The fatty bands of insulation surrounding
6. What are the three types of neurons? axon fibers
A. sensory, motor, epidural A. nodes of Ranvier
B. sensory, motor, interneurons B. myelin sheath
C. salient, motor, epidural C. dendrites
D. sensory, motor, extraneurons D. axon
12. Which part of a neuron contains most of
7. Select the two parts of the brain that are
the organelles required for cellular func-
not part of the cerebrum
tions?
A. cerebellum A. dendrites
B. brain stem B. cell body
C. sulcus C. axon
D. corpus callosum D. myelin sheath

13. Which branch of the nervous system is C. More abundant in adults

directly responsible for controlling your
D. Called Neuroglia
heart rate, breathing rate and peristalsis

in the digestive system?
19. Whose job is it to carry nerve impulses
A. central nervous system away from a cell body in a neuron?
B. somatic nervous system A. Axons
C. autonomic nervous system B. Dendrites
D. none of above C. Spinal Cord
14. The lobe of the brain where voluntary mus- D. Synapses
cle movement is coordinated is known as
the: 20. Transmits impulses from sense organs to
A. frontal. Central Nervous System
B. occipital. A. Sensory division

C. parietal. B. Motor division
D. temporal. C. Somatic division
15. The change in an environment is called D. Autonomic division

a(an)
21. location of the nucleus and source of infor-
A. stimulus mation for protein synthesis
B. neurotransmitter
A. axon
C. effector
B. cell body
D. homeostasis
C. collateral axon
16. Which of the following tissue/cells play a
D. dendrite
role in the blood brain barrier?
A. Astrocytes 22. A nerve cell that transfers messages as
B. ependymial cells electrical energy
C. the meninges A. Nerve

D. lymphyocytes B. Neuron
17. What do the nodes of Ranvier do? C. Cell Body
A. help speed up impulse D. Myelin Sheath

B. help slow down impulse 23. Carry message from body to brain from
C. protecting the axon the brain to body.
D. insulating the axon A. Nerves
18. Bipolar neurons are commonly: B. Neuron

A. Motor Neurons C. Brain
B. Found in the eye and nose D. Spinal Cord

24. The part of the autonomic nervous sys- 29. This part helps you solve problems and
tem is active during resting. “rest and di- make decisions.
gest” A. cerebrum
A. sympathetic B. thalamus
B. parasympathetic C. hypothalamus
C. somatic D. cerebellum
D. peripheral
NARAYAN CHANGDER
30. The afferent division of the PNS is also
called the division.
25. This insulating material forms a layer,
around the axon of a neuron. It enables A. motor
electrical signals to travel down the axon B. sensory
at higher speeds.
C. somatic
A. neuron
D. autonomic
B. myelin sheath
31. Name the two major parts of the central
C. dendrite nervous system.
D. neurotransmitter A. The brain and the skull.
26. Which of the following is NOT a part of the B. The brain and the body.
brain? C. The spinal cord and the brain.
A. cerebrum D. The spinal cord and the body.
B. cerebellum 32. When a neuron is resting, the inside of the
C. spine axon has a charge in relation to
D. brain stem A. positive, the surrounding cytoplasm
B. negative, the surrounding cytoplasm
27. Which branch of the nervous system is di-
rectly responsible for voluntary skeletal C. positive, the dendrite
muscle contractions? D. negative, the dendrite
A. ANS 33. Neurotransmitters are
B. SNS A. proteins
C. PNS B. hormones
D. CNS C. biochemicals
28. Which part of the neuron is a thread-like D. impulses

structure that carries impulses to other 34. This part of the nervous system helps us
neurons? chew food mechanically.
A. Cell body A. Parasympathetic
B. Dendrites B. Sympathetic
C. Axon C. Autonomic
D. Myelin sheath D. Somatic

35. The Central Nervous System is made up of C. Legs, Arms, Head

which TWO parts? D. None of these

A. Brain
41. Which part of a neuron contains the nu-
B. Arms cleus
C. Legs A. Dendrite
D. Spine stimulus (changes in the outer or B. Soma
internal environment) .
C. Axon
36. Which of the following is controlled by au- D. Synaptic end bulb
tomatic nerves?
A. jumping 42. Afferent nerves are called
B. clapping A. efferent
C. blinking B. sensory
D. kicking C. motor
D. peripheral
37. A nerve cell is called a:
A. neutron 43. The nervous system is in involved in rapid
(a) to connect to lots of other cells.
B. nerve
A. communication
C. neuron
B. nerve
D. synapse
C. impulses
38. The Hypothalamus: D. branches
A. is a somatic sensory area.
44. What does the cerebellum control?
B. Is the thermostat of the body since it
regulated body temperature. A. involuntary muscle movement
C. Mediates sensations. B. voluntary muscle movement
D. Is an important auditory and visual re- C. thoughts, speech, memory

lay center. D. none of the above.
39. Which of the following is the basic unit of 45. Acetylcholine is synthesised and packaged
structure and function in the nervous sys- in the presynaptic terminal before being
tem? released to act on the postsynaptic recep-
A. axon tors. Which of these statements about
that process in parasympathetic postgan-
B. neuroglia glionic neurons is not true?
C. voltron A. Acetylcholine is synthesised by the
D. neuron action of choline-o-acetyltransferase on
choline and acetyl coenzyme A.
40. What is one of the three major parts of the
Nervous System? B. Release of neurotransmitter is trig-
gered when voltage sensitive calcium
A. Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves channels open to allow the influx of cal-
B. Heart, Lungs, Toungue cium

C. The released acetylcholine acts on 51. What is function of medula?

postsynaptic nicotinic receptors A. controls hearth rate
D. Choline is recycled by being taken back B. memory center
up into the presynaptic terminal
C. controls balance
46. A network of branches coming from indi- D. conscious thought
vidual cells. They carry information and
electrical signals in the brain and nervous 52. A is what your body does in reaction
to a stimuli.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
system
A. axon A. reaction
B. axon terminal B. response
C. dendrite C. change
D. neuron D. none of above
47. Chemicals in the neuron that help send 53. Which part of the brain coordinates the ac-
messages tions of muscles and helps you maintain
balance?
A. dendrites
A. brain stem
B. neurotransmitters
B. cerebrum
C. axon terminals
C. cerebellum
D. vesicles
D. none of above
48. Regulates involuntary activities
54. Which of the following structures is a part
A. Peripheral Nervous System
of the rhombencephalon?
B. Somatic Nervous System
A. Temporal Lobe
C. Autonomic Nervous System
B. Thalamus
D. Central Nervous System
C. Substantia nigra
49. A bundle of nerves that go to and from the D. Medulla
brain.
55. what are neurons?
A. spinal cord
A. carries information through your ner-
B. medulla
vous system
C. neuron B. carries food through the nervous sys-
D. vertebrae tem
50. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and all the C. carries babies through the nervous
other nerves throughout the body are part system
of the nervous system D. carries humans and animals through
A. somatic the nervous system
B. autonomic 56. Surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS
C. peripheral A. Satellite cell
D. central B. Schwann cell

C. Astrocyte 62. What part of your brain controls breath-

D. Oligodendrocyte ing?

A. cerebrum
57. Motor transmitters that carry impulses
B. cerebellum
from the central nervous system out to the
muscles and glands C. brain stem
A. Dendrites D. spinal cord
B. efferent nerves 63. Subdivision of the PNS that controls volun-
C. afferent nerves tary activities such as activation of skele-
tal muscles.
D. neurilemma
58. Which part of the brain controls senses, B. CNS
thinking, and memory?
C. PNS
A. cerebrum
D. Somatic Nervous System
B. cerebellum
64. What would your body’s response be to
C. medulla having the flame of a candle getting too
D. none of above close to your hand?
A. To sweat
59. The connects the brain to the spinal
cord. It controls involuntary muscle move- B. To yell
ment such as breathing. C. To pull your hand away
A. Cerebrum D. none of above
B. Cerebellum
65. Which of the following is not controlled by
C. Brain stem the autonomic nervous system?
D. none of above A. breathing
B. blood pressure
60. What type of neuron carries impulses TO
the central nervous system? C. picking up a pencil
A. sensory D. digestion
B. integrative 66. What is the chemical used by a neuron to
C. motor transmit an impulse across a synapse to
another nerve cell?
D. none of above
A. Neurotransmitters
61. The is a long bundle of neurons that B. Synapse
goes down your back.
C. Threshold
A. brain
D. Impulse
B. nerves
67. The ability of the nervous system to recog-
C. central nervous system nize structures and connections between
D. spinal cord neurons in response to stimuli is called

A. Neurotransmitter 73. Glial Cells in the PNS:

B. Neuroplasticity A. Satellite Cells
C. Neuro-conductivity B. Schwann Cells
D. Neuro-activity C. Microglial Cells
D. Astrocytes
68. An athlete that has amazing coordination
and muscle memory has a well-trained 74. Cerebrum
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. pons A. controls involuntary actions such as
B. medulla oblongata breathing and heart rate
C. cerebellum B. consists of the brain and the spinal
cord and is the control center of the body
D. cerebrum
C. coordinates actions of muscles and
69. Series of involuntary muscular contrac- helps maintain balance
tions along the walls of the digestive tract
D. controls movement, senses and
are termed
speech
A. Peristalsis
75. Which term matches the following defini-
B. Epiglottis tion.Definition:specialized cells that trans-
C. Pepsin mit messages, in the form of electrical sig-
D. Stomach nals, to and from, and within, the central
nervous system. They act something like
70. Which one of the following is NOT a nerve the wires of an electric circuit.
plexus: A. Central Nervous System
A. lumbar B. Peripheral Nervous System
B. sacral C. Neurons
C. thoracic D. none of above
D. cervical
76. Connected to spinal cord, controls heart-
71. Regulates conscious activities beat, breathing, blood pressure, digestion.
A. Peripheral Nervous System A. Nerves
B. Somatic Nervous System B. Brain Stem
C. Autonomic Nervous System C. Dendrites
D. Central Nervous System D. Brain
72. The part of the brain that controls balance, 77. Henry was on a hike when he saw a tiger
coordination, and unconscious muscle ac- snake. He quickly picked up a stick and
tivities. tried to hit it. His friend Tom, who also
saw the snake, quickly ran away to a safer
A. Cerebrum place on the track.Henry and Tom were
B. Cerebellum demonstrating the:
C. Brain A. fight-flight-freeze response.
D. Spinal Cord B. reflex response.

C. reticular activating system. 83. The sympathetic nervous system and the
D. sympathetic arousal response parasympathetic nervous system are both
part of the

78. Which division of the nervous system A. central nervous system
deals with reflexes?
B. somatic nervous system
A. Somatic
C. autonomic nervous system
B. Autonomic
C. Sympathetic D. endocrine system
D. Parasympathetic 84. This part of the brain consists of four lobes

.
79. Responsible for all voluntary activities of
the body A. midbrain
A. Cerebellum B. pons
B. cerebrum C. cerebrum
C. brain D. cerebellum
D. spinal cord
85. This part of the neuron helps excel the rate
80. What is an example of your body maintain- at which impulses are given.
ing homeostasis?
A. Cell body
A. Your internal body temperature is
98.6o. B. Meninges
B. The hair growing on your head. C. Myelin Sheath
C. Your fingernails and toenails breaking D. Axon
when they get too long.
D. none of above 86. The gap that a message has to cross to get
from one neuron to the other is called the
81. The nerves that extend from the spinal
cord to all parts of the body make up the A. synapse
B. dendrite
A. brain
B. peripheral nervous system C. axon
C. central nervous system D. nucleus
D. somatic nerves 87. The part of the organism that gathers,

processes, and responds to information is
82. What are the TWO parts of the peripheral
called the ?
(outer) nervous system?
A. Brain A. Peripheral nervous system
B. Sensory Organs B. Nervous system

C. Spinal Cord C. Central nervous system
D. Nerves D. none of above

88. An action potential is caused by an influx 93. What are some of the body’s senses
of these ions into the cell: A. Vision
A. potassium B. Touch
B. sodium C. Taste
C. calcium D. Reflex
D. magnesium 94. The central nervous system (CNS) consists
NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. both potassium and sodium of
A. the brain, only
89. A automatic, subconscious responses to
stimuli within or outside the body is B. the brain and spinal cord
what? C. the brain, spinal cord, and spinal
nerves
A. reflex
D. the brain and cranial nerves
B. reaction
C. stimulation 95. The two main types of cells found in the
nervous system are
D. allergy
A. axons and dendrites
90. What is the LARGEST of the 3 parts of your B. neurons and neuroglia
brain? C. Schwann cells and ganglia
A. cerebellum D. neurons and Nodes of Ranvier
B. cerebrum
96. Neurons that are in the brain only are
C. spinal cord called
D. medulla A. interneurons
B. sensory neurons
91. This part of the neuron receives chemical
messages from the neurotransmitters of C. motor neurons
other neurons. D. none of above
A. Axon Terminal 97. An relay neuron is also known as:
B. Dendrites A. A connector neuron
C. Myelin Sheath B. A motor neuron
D. Cell Body C. A sensory neuron
D. All of the above
92. In resting potential, neurons have more
on the outside of the cell membrane. 98. What are the main components of the Pe-
A. K+ ripheral Nervous System?
A. efferent nerve pathways from the
B. NaCl
brain and spinal cord to the rest of the
C. Na+ body’s tissues
D. Cl- B. internal organs and glands

C. Brain & Spinal Cord 104. Which of these is not a reflex response?
D. afferent nerve pathways between the A. moving a hand off something hot

sensory organs of the head. B. sneezing
99. Which nervous system regulates activities C. picking up a book
while the body is at rest? D. wink of eyes
A. Parasympathetic Nervous System 105. For an action potential to take place the
B. Parasynthetic Nervous System nerve impulse needs to reach:
C. Central Nervous System A. Quarter Stimulus
D. Sympathetic Nervous System B. Resting Potential
C. Half Stimulus
100. Sympathetic & parasympathetic re-
sponses are part of the nervous sys- D. Threshold Stimulus
tem 106. Which term matches the following defini-
A. somatic tion.Definition:a specialised cell transmit-
ting nerve impulses. It is the most common
B. autonomic
cell in the nervous system.
C. peripheral
D. central B. Peripheral Nervous System
101. What are the 2 major divisions of the pe- C. Neurons
ripheral nervous system (PNS)? D. none of above
A. Sensory & Motor
107. Parkinson’s disease results from damage
B. Peripheral & Central of:-
C. Somatic & Autonomic A. caudate nucleus
D. Brain & Spinal Cord B. subthalamic nucleus
C. globus pallidus
102. The quick response to a stimulus without
the use of the brain is called a(an) D. substantia nigra
A. stimulus 108. Type of neuron that sends nerve impulses

B. effector to muscles and gland, by the command of
other neurons.
C. receptor
A. Motor Neurons
D. reflex
B. Interneurons
103. All multipolar neurons contain a cell body, C. Sensory Neurons
numerous dendrites and a single D. none of above
A. axon
109. Which of the following organs is part of
B. myelin sheath the PNS?
C. nerve fiber A. Nerves
D. both a and c B. Brain

C. Spinal Cord 115. The part of the nervous system that con-
trols reflexes
D. Heart
A. medulla
110. Which part of the brain controls balance B. cerebrum
and coordination?
C. cerebellum
A. cerebrum
D. spinal cord
B. cerebellum
NARAYAN CHANGDER
116. Which stage of digestion removes wa-
C. medulla ter?
D. none of above A. large intestine
111. Which part of a neuron RECIEVES infor- B. small intestine
mation? C. mouth
A. axon D. stomach
B. dendrite 117. Smallest division
C. cell body A. Cerebral cortex
D. axon terminal B. Pons
C. Brain
112. Which process is goverened by the auto-
nomic nervous system? D. Midbrain
A. writing 118. Nerve cells that take impulses from the
B. chewing internal organs into the CNS
A. Autonomic division
C. running
B. Somatic division
D. digesting food
C. Visceral sensory division
113. Which part controls and coordinates our D. Sympathetic division
movements and balance?
119. What is the purpose of the myelin sheath
A. Spinal cord
on the axon?
B. Cerebrum
A. To maintain temperature
C. Cerebellum B. To improve conductivity
D. Brain stem C. To protect the axon
114. Gaps between the myelin sheath along D. To release neurotransmitters

an axon are called 120. Where is the thalamus located?
A. Dendrites A. Above the hypothalamus
B. Schwann cells B. Below the hypothalamus
C. Terminal branches C. In the spinal cord
D. Nodes of Ranvier D. Above the cerebellum

121. The autonomic nervous system prepares A. True

the body for the “fight or flight” response B. False
by:

C. NEVER!
A. heightening the senses
D. none of above
B. increasing the blood supply to the kid-
neys 126. What neuroglial cell is found in the PNS
C. decreasing pain and forms individual myelin sheaths.
D. increasing heart rate and blood A. Oligodendrocytes

B. Schwann
122. What makes up the Central Nervous Sys-
tem? C. Satellite
A. Blood and Heart D. Ependymal
B. Spinal Cord 127. The nervous system processes and inter-

C. Nerves prets the sensory input and decides what
should be done at each moment. This pro-
D. Brain and Spinal Cord cess is called
123. subdivision of the efferent division that A. Monitoring changes
transmits action potentials to smooth mus- B. Integration
cle, cardiac muscle, or glands
C. Interegation
A. afferent division
D. none of above
B. autonomic nervous system
C. somatic nervous system 128. White matter in nervous tissue receives
its coloration from
D. peripheral nervous system
A. neuroglia
124. A myelinated nerve fiber is characterized B. myelin sheaths
as being , whereas an unmyelinated
C. neurilemma
nerve fiber is characterized as being
D. dendtrites
A. Unique to the spinal cord; unique to
the brain 129. An axon conducts nerve impulses the
B. Unique to the brain; unique to the cell body.
spinal cord A. away from
C. White, and composes the white mat- B. toward
ter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and
composes the gray matter of the brain and C. both toward and away from
spinal cord D. around, bypass
D. Gray and composes the white matter 130. The switching station for sensory input
of the brain and spinal cord; White, com-
poses the gray matter of the brain and A. Midbrain
spinal cord. B. Pons
125. True or False:The cerebellum helps us C. Thalamus

keep our balance. D. Medulla Oblongata

131. Information from the sympathetic ner- C. Transmit impulses between other neu-
vous system follows a different structural rons
path than the parasympathetic nervous D. none of above
system. Which of the following accurately
describes the flow of sympathetic nervous 134. The Central Nervous System includes
system information? what two organs?
A. A sympathetic nerve originates in the A. Brain and Nerves
middle of the spinal cord and has a long B. Brain and Spinal Cord
NARAYAN CHANGDER
axon to the synapse of a second neuron.
C. Spinal Cord and Nerves
From the second cell, there is a short axon
that goes to the target neuron. D. Nerves and Neurons
B. A sympathetic nerve originates in the 135. An automatic response that occurs
middle of the spinal cord and has a short rapidly without conscious control
axon to the synapse of another neuron. A. reflex
From the second cell, there is a long axon
that goes to target neuron B. spinal cord
C. A sympathetic nerve originates in the C. concussion

brain stem and has a short axon to the D. cerebellum
synapse of another neuron. From the sec-
136. What is included in the peripheral ner-
ond cell, there is a long axon that goes to
vous system?
the target neuron.
A. spinal nerves & peripheral nerves
D. A sympathetic nerve originates in the
bottom of the spinal cord and has a long B. brain & spinal cord
axon to the synapse of another neuron. C. brain and peripheral nerves
From the second cell, there is a short axon D. spinal nerves and spinal cord
that goes to the target neuron.
137. The PONS does what?
132. Which of these locations is where the
greatest level of integration is taking place A. Stores memories from childhood
in the example of testing the temperature B. Releases melatonin and regulates
of the shower? sleep and wakefulness
A. skeletal muscle C. Links the cerebral cortex and the cere-
bellum
B. spinal cord
D. Prevents the brain to get damaged by
C. thalamus
retaining liquids
D. cerebral cortex
138. Used to sense the environment, but
133. According to function a neuron (interneu- doesn’t directly convert into electrical sig-
ron) that forms bridges would nals for our body
A. Transmit impulses from brain and A. Nerves/neurons
spinal cords to muscles and glands direct-
B. Sensory organs
ing action
C. Stimulus
B. Carry Impulses from skin and organs
to the spinal cord and brain about the ex- D. receptors
ternal and internal environment E. Spinal cord

139. clear liquid that helps cushion brain & 144. Nerves that branch out from the spinal
spinal cord cord and connect to rest of body.

A. cerebral palsy A. Central Nerves
B. cerebral nervous fluid B. Peripheral Nerves
C. cerebral spinal fluid C. Cerebellum
D. water D. Synapse
140. A bundle of nerves that runs along the
145. What are the 2 main divisions of the Ner-
back of a vertebrate within the spinal col-
vous System?
umn.
A. peripheral nervous system & central
A. Dendrites
nervous system
B. Stimulus
B. Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves
C. Brain Stem
C. Brain & Spinal Cord
D. Spinal cord
D. autonomic nervous system & somatic
141. What is NANC neurotransmission? nervous system
A. Neurotransmission in the autonomic
146. Which nervous system is protected by
nervous system involving noradrenaline
bone?
and neuropeptide Y co-transmission
A. Peripheral Nervous System
B. Neurotransmission in the autonomic
nervous system that does not involve B. Outer Nervous System
acetylcholine or noradrenaline.
C. Central Nervous System
C. Neurotransmission in the enteric ner-
D. none of above
vous system that does not involve acetyl-
choline or noradrenaline. 147. Controls Sleep
D. Co-transmission in the autonomic ner- A. Medulla Oblongata
vous system of both neuropeptide Y and
acetylcholine B. Brainstem
C. Spinal Cord
142. The brain has four lobes. Which is not a
lobe of the brain? D. none of above
A. Occipital
148. What is the function of the peripheral ner-
B. Temporal vous system?
C. Cerebral A. It carries electrical signals to and from
D. Parietal the central nervous system.
B. It connects the spinal cord to the
143. The is the largest part of the brain.
body’s nerves.
A. Cerebrum
C. It helps you move and feel tempera-
B. Cerebellum tures
C. Brain stem D. It is the center of the thought and con-
D. none of above trols most body actions

149. Part of the PNS that controls skeletal 155. The function of the nervous system can
muscles best be described as
A. Autonomic A. nutrient delivery
B. Somatic B. movement and support
C. Sensory
C. protection and thermoregulation
D. none of above
D. control and communication
150. A neuron that conducts an impulse away
NARAYAN CHANGDER
from the CNS is called a/an 156. What cell is found in the CNS and con-
A. unipolar neuron nects neurons to blood vessels and form
scar tissue?
B. motor neuron
C. sensory neuron A. Microglial
D. association neuron B. Oligodendrocytes
151. What are on sensory neurons that allow C. Astrocytes

them to detect a stimulus? D. Ependymal
A. motor neurons
B. neurotransmitters 157. This is the job of the nervous system.
C. receptors A. To send messages to and from the

brain and spinal cord to and from the body
D. effectors
B. To break down food to be used by the
152. All involuntary actions, such as breathing, body
heartrate, and pulse are controlled by the
C. To remove wastes from the body
A. peripheral nervous system
B. autonomic nervous system D. none of above
C. somatic nervous system 158. What determines how an impulse is pro-
D. none of above cessed through the central nervous sys-
tem?
153. The gap between two communicating neu-
rons is termed: A. the myelination of axons
A. synapse B. the number of neurons & axons
B. cell body C. the organization of neurons & axons
C. effector
D. none of above
D. Schwann cell
E. node of Ranvier 159. The organs we use to sense things with
are known as the?
154. What is the black part of the eye called?
A. Sensory Organs
A. Retina
B. Nerve B. Lifeline Organs
C. Pupil C. Nervous Organs

D. Iris D. none of above

160. Which part of the autonomic nervous sys- 166. what are nerves?
tem is responsible for a reduction in heart A. when you get mad
rate and breathing rate?

B. a bundle of nerve fibers
A. sympathetic
C. when your mom gets on your nerves
B. somatic
D. carrying nerves around your system
C. parasympathetic
167. The link between the Central Nervous
D. sensory System and the rest of the body.
161. What is NOT part of the peripheral ner- A. Hypothalamus
vous system (PNS)? B. Peripheral Nervous System
A. axons C. Spinal cord
B. sensory receptors D. Somatic Nervous System
C. spinal cord 168. What are the two main parts of the Pe-
D. motor neurons ripheral Nervous System?
A. Spinal Nerves & Receptors
162. What part of the eye sends messages to
the brain from the retina? B. Arms & Legs
A. Optic Nerve C. Brain & Spinal Cord
B. Iris D. Optic Nerves & Receptors
C. Lens 169. Which part of the nervous system is not
D. Cornea involved in producing reflex actions?
A. brain
163. Protective bones which surround and pro-
B. spinal cord
tect the spinal cord.
C. receptors
A. vertebrae
D. sensory
B. brain
C. central nervous system 170. The hypothalamus
A. Receives sensory information and for-
wards it to the proper part or the cere-
164. The central nervous system includes brum for processing
A. Brain B. Regulates reflexes
B. Smooth Muscles C. Controls anger, hunger, thirst, fatigue
C. Spinal Cord
D. Controls balance
D. Cardiac Muscles
171. You have two types of nerves in your pe-
165. Which part protects the brain? ripheral nervous system
A. Skull A. somatic and autonomic
B. Cerebrum B. sensory and motor
C. Cerebellum C. parasympathetic and sympathetic
D. Brain Stem D. neurons and anti-neurons

172. What part of the brain is responsible for 178. Elevated ridges located on the surface of
involuntary activities such as heart rate, the cerebral hemispheres are called:
body temperature, and blood pressure? A. ganglia
A. medulla olongata B. fissures
B. cerebrum C. gyri
C. cerebellum D. white matter
D. pons
179. Impulse transmission is fastest in neu-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
173. What is the Peripheral Nervous System rons that are:
consist of? A. myelinated
A. The brain B. unmyelinated
B. The spinal Cord C. sensory
C. The nerves that connect the CNS to all D. motor
parts of the body.
E. cerebral
D. All of the above.
180. Select all that describe the cerebrum.
174. Your nervous system acts as a?
A. Speech
A. Short Circuit
B. Memory
B. Relay System
C. Muscle Movement
C. Billing System
D. Heartrate
D. Tracking System
181. What is the Nervous System?
175. The Central Nervous System is made of
A. The body system that provides struc-
what?
ture and support for the body.
A. Brain
B. The system that sends electrical sig-
B. Heart nals through the body.
C. Spinal Cord C. A new video game system.
D. Kidneys D. none of above
176. A stimuli is a(n)- 182. nerves that originate from spinal cord are
A. feeling or physical reaction called
B. something that causes us to act A. Cranial nerves
C. a response to an event B. Spinal nerves
D. change in the environment C. afferent nerves
D. none of above
177. The column of tissue connecting the brain
to nerves is 183. A typical brain weighs how much
A. central nervous system A. 3 pounds (1.4 kilograms)
B. spinal cord B. 3 ounces (85 grams)
C. peripheral nervous system C. 3 tons (2.7 metric tons)
D. All of the above D. 3 kilograms (6.6 pounds)

184. Select all of the organs of the nervous 189. The main function of the occipital lobe is?
system: A. Touch

A. Brain B. Taste
B. Heart C. Vision
C. Spinal Cord D. Memory
D. Nerves 190. An action potential:
E. Stomach A. Is essential for nerve impulse propa-
gation
185. What organ is included in the nervous
B. Involves the outflux of negative ions to
system?
depolarize the membrane
A. Lungs
C. Involves the influx of negative ions to
B. Stomach depolarize the membrane
C. Spinal Cord D. Involves the outflux of positive ions to
depolarize the membrane
D. Heart
191. What are the three (3) main parts of the
186. Which part of the brain helps regulate nervous system?
temperature of your body?
A. cerebellum, cerebrum, medulla
A. Hypothalamus B. cochlea, nerves, vestibule
B. Frontal lobe C. brain, spinal cord, nerves
C. Pituitary Gland D. none of above
D. Brain Stem 192. The parietal lobe controls our reading of
187. What is an example of homeostasis?
A. temperature
A. Your feet pulling away when being tick-
led. B. pressure
C. thirst
B. Your stomach growling when your
body needs nutrients. D. sight
C. Your hair growing really long in the 193. What part of the brain coordinates mus-
summer. cle movements and is important to learn-
D. none of above ing and performing skilled movements?
A. hypothalamus
188. Inside of a cell membrane more positively
charge that the outside
C. cerebellum
A. Ploarized
D. cerebrum
B. Depolarized
194. Identify the 2 labels that could apply to
C. Repolarization
the nervous system below. You smell
D. Refractory Period Grandma’s cooking and you start to drool.

A. Somatic 200. The brain is made up of three major parts.

What are they?
B. Autonomic
C. Sensory A. The occipital lobe, the parietal lobe,
and the frontal lobe.
D. Motor
B. The spinal cord, the cerebrum, and the
195. Planning, recalling information, and deci- cerebellum.
sion making are all functions of the: C. The brain stem, the cerebrum, and the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. brain stem cerebellum.
B. cerebrum D. none of above
C. cerebellum 201. What type of neurons are linking neu-
D. hypothalamus rons?
196. Processing and interpretation of informa- A. sensory neurons

tion from the five senses is called B. interneurons
A. stimuli C. motor neurons
B. integration D. integrative neurons
C. sensory input
202. Which division of the nervous system can
D. motor output be broken into sympathetic & parasympa-
thetic?
197. What are the two divisions of the motor
nervous system? A. Central
A. Sensory and Motor B. Peripheral
B. Peripheral and Central C. Autonomic
C. Somatic and Autonomic D. Somatic
D. Brain and Spinal Cord
203. The brain is part of the nervous sys-
198. How can you keep the nervous system tem.
healthy? A. central
A. Make healthful food choices B. peripheral
B. Drink plenty of water C. autonomic
C. Get plenty of sleep D. subconcious
D. All of the above
204. neurons carry messages to the cen-
199. this system controls everything you do tral nervous system
A. circulatory system A. Motor
B. nervous system B. Inter
C. respiratory system C. Sensory
D. brain D. Fun

205. Which organ is responsible for making de- C. Functional Nerve

cisions
D. none of above

A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum 211. This organ within the nervous system re-
ceives and sends messages to and from the
C. Spinal cord other parts of the body.
D. Cerebrellum
A. Heart
206. Which of the following is a part of the B. Lungs
nervous system?
C. Brain
A. lungs
D. Kidney
B. the heart
C. the spinal cord 212. The brain’s hemispheres are divided into
D. skin regions called what?
A. Pia matter
207. What is the definition of a reflex
A. A math learning game B. arachnoid
B. An automatic movement in response C. Cerebrum

to a stimulus D. Lobes
C. The part of the brain that coordinates
voluntary 213. What are the two main parts of the cen-
tral nervous system?
D. none of above
A. brain and spinal cord
208. This plexus serves the lower trunk and
posterior surface of the thigh: B. patella and phalanges
A. Cervical C. heart and lungs

B. Brachial D. stomach and pancreas
C. Lumbar
214. Main switch where impulses originate.
D. Sacral
A. Brain
209. The brain and spinal cord are known as B. Spinal cord
what?
C. Dura matter
A. Nerve
B. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) D. Cerebrum
C. Central nervous system (CNS) 215. Which system controls body move-
D. The Nervous System ments?
E. The controller A. Autonomic Nervous System
210. Another name for Afferent Nerves B. Central Nervous System

A. Motor Nerve C. Peripheral Nervous System
B. Sensory Nerve D. Somatic Nervous System

216. Neurons that only travel from the body 222. The brain and the spinal cord
to the brain are called A. central nervous system (CNS)
A. sensory neurons B. synapse
B. interneurons C. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
C. motor neurons D. cell body
D. none of above
223. Glial cells in the CNS:
NARAYAN CHANGDER
217. Motor nerves are called A. Astrocytes
A. afferent B. Microglial Cells
B. peripheral C. Ependymal Cells
C. sensory D. Oligodendrocytes
D. efferent E. Schwann Cells
218. Branch-like extensions of the neuron that 224. What is the Central Nervous System
receive chemical messages and carry them made of?
to the cell body. A. Brain, Spinal Cord
A. Dendrites B. Mouth, Nose
B. Neurons C. Digestive System, Nervous System
C. Nerves D. None of these
D. Spinal Cord 225. The intersection between a neuron and
219. Click all that deal with the hypothalamus. another neuron, a muscle, a gland, or a
sensory receptor.
A. Senses body temperature
A. synapse
B. Hunger and thirst
B. cell body
C. Emotions
C. axon
D. Muscle endurance
D. dendrites
220. What part of your brain controls vision? 226. All this neurons are multipolar except for
A. cerebrum A. Motor Neuron
B. cerebellum B. Pyramidal neuron
C. brain stem C. Olfactory neuron
D. spinal cord D. Purkinje neuron
221. What type of cell gathers and carries in- 227. Consists of the medulla Oblongata, pons,
formation? and midbrain.
A. Nerve Ending A. Cerebrum
B. Sense Organ B. Cerebellum
C. Sensory Cell C. Parasympathetic
D. Nerve Cell D. Brain stem

228. A channel opens on a postsynaptic mem- C. Occurs only in the absence of axon
brane that causes a negative ion to enter hillocks
the cell. What type of graded potential is

D. Is faster that conduction of an unmyeli-
this? nated fiber
A. Depolarizing
234. Which structure in the diencephalon re-
B. Repolarizing lays information going to the cerebrum?
C. Hyperpolarizing A. Pineal body
D. Non polarizing B. Hypothalamus
229. Optic lobes C. Thalamus
A. Forebrain D. Pituitary gland
B. Midbrain 235. The basic unit of structure and function in
C. Hindbrain the nervous system is a nerve cell. Nerve
cells are also called-
D. none of above
A. Osteocytes
230. The maintains balance and coordina- B. Dendrites
tion.
C. Neurons
A. Cerebrum
D. Spinal Cords
B. Cerebellum
C. Brain stem 236. The is in charge of involuntary mus-
cles movement such as breathing, your
D. none of above heart beat and your reflexes.
231. Thick connective tissue A. Cerebrum
A. Pia matter B. Cerebellum
B. Arachnoid C. Medulla
C. Dura matter D. none of above
D. Grey matter 237. number of spinal nerves
232. What controls the flow of messages be- A. 12 pairs12 pairs
tween the brain and the rest of the body? B. 12
A. Medulla oblongata C. 31 pairs31 pairs
B. Pons D. 31
C. Thalamus
238. A condition caused by sudden movement
D. Brain stem of the brain, where the brain hits the skull
is called
233. Which one of the following describes salu-
tatory conduction: A. Brain Injury
A. Occurs only in the myelin sheath is con- B. Concussion

tinuous C. Headache
B. Occurs only in the nodes of Ranvier D. Nervous System disease

239. what is also known as a nerve cell? B. cerebellum

A. neuron C. brain stem
B. sensory nerves D. spinal cord
C. dendrites
245. Which of the following forms a myelin
D. toes sheath around the axon?
240. The part of the nervous system that reg- A. Nissl bobies
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ulates involuntary functions is known as
B. Schwann cells
the
C. Nodes of Ranvier
A. central nervous system
D. Milk of Magnesia
B. peripheral nervous system
C. autonomic nervous system 246. Which part of the brain is responsible for
D. somatic nervous system motor control (movement)?
A. cerebrum
241. What are the two divisions of the ner-
vous system? B. cerebellum
A. The brain and spinal cord. C. medulla
B. The central nervous system and the D. pons
skeletal system.
247. A chemical substance that transmits
C. The central and peripheral nervous
nerve impulses across a synapse
systems.
A. Neurotransmitter
D. none of above
B. Axon
242. Would would you be unable to do with-
out your nervous system? C. Synapse
A. learn D. Nerve
B. breath 248. What are the two MAIN divisions of the
C. move nervous system? (select all that apply)
D. all of the answers A. central nervous system
243. The processes thoughts, interprets in- B. peripheral nervous system

formation from the sense organs, and con- C. somatic nervous system
trols voluntary muscle movement.
D. autonomic nervous system
A. Cerebrum
E. parasympathetic nervous system
B. Cerebellum
C. Brain stem 249. Contains the nucleus
D. none of above A. Dendrites
B. Axon
244. What part of your brain controls bal-
ance? C. Myelin
A. cerebrum D. Cell body

250. This part of the neuron stores then B. The body’s message and control cen-
releases neurotransmitters into the ter
synapse.

C. A long bundle of neurons that sends
A. Axon messages to and from the brain and all
parts of the body.
B. Dendrite
C. Myelin Sheath
D. Axon Terminal 256. Part of an axon that contains a nucleus
A. Cell body
251. Which neurons are also known as effer-
B. Dendrite
ent neurons?
C. Neuron
A. sensory
D. Synapse
B. motor
C. interneurons 257. The division of the Autonomic Nervous
System that slows responses (resting and
D. microglial neurons digesting).
252. The tiny gap between neurons where A. sympathetic
nerve impulses are sent from one neuron B. parasympathetic
to another. It is where communication oc- C. motor
curs between an axon and dendrite
D. sensory
A. synapse
258. This is a fatty layer that insulates the
B. axon terminal
electrical impulse and increases the speed
C. impulse of impulses going down the axon.
D. myelin A. Dendrites
253. Controls Body Temperature B. Cell Body
A. Pans C. Myelin Sheath

D. Synapse
B. Brainstem
C. Hypothalamus 259. Which of the following is not an example
of a sensory organ?
D. none of above
A. Bicep muscle
254. A is what your body does in response B. Eye
to a stimuli.
C. Ear
A. response
D. none of above
B. reaction
260. What type of neuron carries impulses
C. change AWAY from the central nervous system?
D. idea A. sensory
255. The spinal cord is B. integrative
A. The command center of the nervous C. motor
system D. none of above

261. What are nerves arising from the brain 266. Startle, visual and auditory reflexes
called? A. Pons
A. spinal nerves B. Medulla oblongata
B. cranial nerves C. Midbrain
C. peripheral nerves D. Thalamus
D. central nerves
267. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM HAS HOW MANY
NARAYAN CHANGDER
262. Conscious activities are controlled by the IMPORTANT PARTS?
nervous system A. 1
A. somatic B. 2
B. autonomic C. 3
C. peripheral D. 4
D. central 268. Eye movement down and in
263. cranial nerves A. Occulomotor
A. 11 B. Trochlear
B. 12 C. Trigeminal
C. 131 D. Abducens
D. 4 269. Sensory neurons are associated with

A. Efferent organs
264. The controls balance, posture, and co-
ordination. B. Afferent organs
A. Cerebrum C. Limbs
B. Cerebellum D. Information
C. Medulla 270. Responsible for control of the bodily func-
D. none of above tions not consciously directed, such as
breathing, the heartbeat, and digestion.
265. Which one of the following describes how A. Somatic Nervous System
the interior surface of a cell membrane of a
polarized neuron differs from the external B. Autonomic Nervous System
environment? The interior is: C. Spinal Cord
A. Positively charged and contains more D. Brainstem
sodium
271. All parts of the nervous system external
B. Negatively charged and contains more to the brain and spinal cord
sodium
A. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
C. Neutral and contains the same amount
of sodium B. dendrites
D. Negatively charged and contains less C. central nervous system (CNS)

sodium D. neuroglia

272. What is the most basic unit of the ner- 277. Which part of the peripheral nervous sys-
vous system? tem is under INVOLUNTARY control

A. Brain A. somatic
B. Nerve B. autonomic
C. Neuron C. central
D. Impulse D. peripheral
273. The cells in the nervous system are the 278. Which of the following is/are type(s) of
neurons?
A. Neurons A. sensory
B. Red blood cells B. motor
C. White blood cells C. interneurons
D. none of above D. all of the above
279. a reflex is
274. The term used when the Na-K ion concen-
trations across the cell membrane have re- A. a sneeze
versed? B. a automatic response
A. repolarization C. late reaction
B. depolarization D. stomach pains
C. irritability
280. When you are driving and see a red light
D. conductivity ahead. You think red light means stop. The
E. all-or-none response muscles in your right leg and foot go for
the break pedal. This is called
275. Type of neuron that carries impulses A. Sensory input
away from the CNS and sends nerve im-
pulses to muscles and gland, by the com- B. Integration
mand of other neurons. C. Motor output
A. Motor Neurons D. none of above
B. Interneurons 281. Loss of vision
C. Sensory Neurons A. optic nerve
D. none of above B. olfactory nerve
276. Ciliated CNS neuroglia that line the cavi- C. abducting
ties of the brain and spinal cord, and play D. oculomotor
an active role in moving the cerebrospinal
fluid, are 282. Which type of neuron transmit messages
from the central nervous system to “effec-
A. Microglia
tors” such as muscles and glands to initi-
B. Ependymal Cells ate a response.
C. Schwann Cells A. Sensory neurons
D. Astrocytes B. Interneurons

C. Motor neurons A. Central, nerves, peripheral, receptor

D. none of above and effector
B. Receptor and effector, central, nerves,
283. According to function a motor neuron peripheral
would
C. Peripheral, nerves, central, receptor
A. Transmit impulses from brain and and effector
spinal cords to muscles and glands direct-
ing action D. Nerves, peripheral, receptor and ef-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
fector, central
B. Carry Impulses from skin and organs
to the spinal cord and brain about the ex- 288. Connects the brain to the spinal cord
ternal and internal environment
A. Medulla oblongata
C. Transmit impulses between other neu-
rons B. Pons
D. none of above C. Brain stem

D. Choroid
284. A nerve cell that is the basic working unit
of the brain and nervous system which pro- 289. Which 2 body systems interact and initi-
cesses and transmits information ate movement?
A. axon A. muscular and nervous system
B. neuron B. skeletal and muscular system
C. dendrite C. respiratory and nervous system
D. neurotransmitter D. circulatory and nervous system
285. A nerve impulse is conducted rapidly 290. Another name for the Medulla is the
along a myelinated nerve fiber by
A. Brain Stem
A. saltatory conduction
B. Spinal Cord
B. nervous transmission
C. Neuron
C. repolarization
D. none of above
D. electrical conduction
291. Slows the heart rate
286. The substance that is released at axonal
endings to propagate a nervous impulse is A. Glossopharyngeal
called: B. Vagus
A. an ion C. Accessory
B. nerve glue
D. Hypoglossal
C. a neurotransmitter
292. branch of the axon
D. the sodium-potassium pump
A. axon
E. an action potential
B. cell body
287. nervous system consists of all the
which connect the nervous system to C. collateral axon
the located at other parts of the body. D. dendrite

293. Which of the following is not a part of 298. Melissa fell off a horse and was para-
the Motor (Efferent) Division? lyzed as a result of significant injury to her
spinal cord. Which nervous system was

A. Sensory Divison
damaged?
B. Parasympathetic Division
A. Autonomic
C. Somatic Division
B. Central
D. Autonomic Division
C. Peripheral
E. Sympathetic Division D. Sympathetic
294. Type of doctor that specializes in working 299. All of your thoughts, actions, and emo-
with the nervous system. tions can be boiled down to what principle
A. cardiologist function
B. gastroenterologist A. Sensory Input
C. neurologist B. Integration
D. nephrologist C. Motor Output

D. All of the Above
295. What are the main parts of the neu-
rons to send and receive information (2 300. What two types of macromolecules are
parts)? the main components of myelin?
A. nucleus A. carbohydrates and lipids
B. axon B. proteins, nuclei acids and lipids
C. dendrite C. lipids and proteins
D. myelin sheath D. lipids and nucleic acids
E. Node of Ranvier 301. The term central nervous system refers

to the:
296. The place where 2 neurons meet and
A. autonomic and peripheral nervous sys-
transfer a messsage is called the
tems
A. synapse
B. brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
B. dendrite
C. brain and cranial nerves
C. axon D. spinal cord and spinal nerves
D. nucleus E. brain and spinal cord
297. Sensory transmitters that send impulses 302. The nervous system works with these
from receptors in the skin, muscles, and two systems to direct behavior and move-
joints to the central nervous system ment.
A. afferent nerves A. respiratory and excretory
B. cell body B. skeletal and muscular
C. central nervous system (CNS) C. respiratory and digestive
D. efferent nerves D. skeletal and digestive

303. Which is controlled by conscious C. SUBCONSCIOUS

thought?
D. NOT SURE
A. voluntary actions
B. breathing 309. nerves are controlled by the brain and
work automatically.
C. heart rate
A. Somatic
D. digestion
B. Autonomic
NARAYAN CHANGDER
304. The spinal cord can extend from any-
C. Motor
where to anywhere
D. Peripheral
A. From the back of the hindbrain
(medulla oblongata) to the back of the
310. How many lobes is the cerebrum divided
stomach or lumbar region
into?
B. From neck to vertebral column
A. 2
C. From head to back of the stomach
B. 4
D. From head to tail
C. 6
305. A chemical messenger produced by neu- D. 8
rons are called
A. neurotransmitters 311. Which of the following are a signal
molecule that transmits nerve impulses
B. hormones
across synapses?
C. cholesterol
A. neuron
D. stimuli
B. neurotransmitter
306. The largest part of the brain is called C. nerve
A. Hypothalamus
D. action potential
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum 312. Which way do sensory neurons carry im-
pulses?
D. Brain stem
A. towards the brain
307. Main Parts of the Nervous System: B. away from the brain
A. Central
C. towards muscles
B. Resting Potential
D. towards glands
C. Peripheral
D. Action Potential 313. What is the percentage of brain weight
in total body weight?
308. WHICH ONE IS ACTIVATED IN AN EMER- A. 2%
GENCY (SUCH AS BEING HIT HARD ON
THE HEAD) B. 20%
A. CONSCIOUS C. 80%
B. UNCONSCIOUS D. 4%

314. Part of brain that coordinates muscle B. Able to jump around

movements. C. Able to run

A. brain stem D. None of the above.
B. cerebrum
320. What are the two systems that the pe-
C. cerebellum ripheral system has?
D. spinal cord A. The central nervous and the peripheral
nervous system
315. Which lobe is located at the back of the
brain (around neck)? B. The synapse and the stimulus
A. occipital C. The somatic system and the autonomic
system
B. parietal
D. none of above
C. temporal
321. A nerve cell.
D. frontal
A. Neuron
316. The frontal, parietal, occipital, and tem-
B. Spinal cord
poral lobes make up the
C. Dendrite
A. brain stem.
D. Brain
B. cerebrum.
C. cerebellum. 322. Which of the following structures are
part of a reflex arc?
D. none of above
A. 2 motor neurons
317. A patient sustains a fall while getting out B. a motor neuron, a sensory neuron and
of the shower. Tests reveal damage to the an interneuron
inner most meningeal layer. What struc-
C. only a motor neuron and sensory neu-
ture was damaged?
ron
A. Arachnoid
D. only a sensory neuron and interneuron
B. Dura mater
323. Nerves are made of billions of nerve cells
C. Pia mater
called
D. Ventricles A. neurons
318. Reflex actions are important because B. signals
A. They provide a quick, involuntary re- C. connectors
sponse D. transmitters
B. They prevent injury
324. The purpose of the Nerouns
C. They are essential to the survival of or-
A. Insulate the axon fibers increase rate
ganisms
of speed
D. All of the above
B. Collect Stimuli
319. What is paralysis? C. Transmit information in the form of
A. Loss of feeling or unable to move some nerve impulses through the body
body parts D. none of above

325. The skull protects C. neuroglia

A. the throat D. astrocytes
B. the stomach 331. Basal ganglia send direct projections to:-
C. the brain A. primary motor area
D. the coccyx B. premotor area
326. Which term matches the following defini- C. VA and VL thalamic nuclei
tion.Definition:the bundles of nerves that
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. lower motor neurons in spinal cord
relay messages between the sense organs,
the central nervous system and the mus- 332. Dopamine is responsible for feelings of
cles and glands. This system is spread out
through the entire body, as shown on the
A. sadness
right.
B. pleasure
C. fear
B. Peripheral Nervous System
D. despair
C. Neurons
D. none of above 333. The parasympathetic nervous system is
characterized by peripheral ganglia be-
327. What Neuron is used to send signals from neath the:
your brain to your muscles?
A. Spinal cord and by short postgan-
A. Relay glionic fibers
B. Inter B. Organs and by short postganglionic
C. Motor fibers
D. Sensory C. Organs and by long postganglionic
fibers
328. An example of a reflex is
D. Spinal cord and by long postganglionic
A. kicking a ball in soccer fibers
B. sneezing
334. Insulating axon fibers which increase
C. singing rate of neural impulse transmisison
D. none of above A. Dendrites
329. dendrites are like B. Cell Body
A. Popsicle sticks C. Myelin Sheath
B. shoe laces D. none of above
C. a ahir brush 335. Jenny receives a golden retriever puppy
D. tree branches for her birthday. She picks up the puppy
and is surprised at how soft and fluffy the
330. Small cells that engulf and destroy mi- puppy’s fur feels. What lobe of Jenny’s
crobes and cellular debris in the CNS cerebral cortex first processes the informa-
A. microglia tion about the feel of the puppy’s fur?
B. horns A. Frontal lobe

B. Occipital lobe 341. Hormones that are released in response

C. Parietal lobe to any threat are

A. cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline
D. Temporal lobe
B. adrenaline & acetylcholine
336. WHICH ONE DO WE USE WITHOUT
C. cortisol & dopamine
THINKING?
D. adrenaline & dopamine
A. CONSCIOUS
B. UNCONSCIOUS 342. Which types of neurons are also known
as afferent neurons?
C. SUBCONSCIOUS
A. motor
D. NOT SURE
B. sensory
337. Which of the following is not a result of C. interneurons
the parasympathetic stimulation:
D. microglial neurons
A. Relaxation of the urethral sphincter
343. Function of spinal cord
B. Increased peristalsis of the digestive
viscera A. controls all voluntary actions of the
body
C. salivation
B. to transmit impulses from the sensory
D. dilation of the pupils organ through central nervous system to
the effector to respond accordingly
338. Which of the following portions of the
nervous system are involved in increasing C. controls the reflex actions
the heart rate? D. none of above
A. Central
344. This plexus serves the diaphragm and
B. Sympathetic muscles of the shoulder and neck:
C. parasympathetic A. Cervical
D. Spinal cord B. Brachial
C. Lumbar
339. Which structure is made of white mat-
ter? D. Sacral
A. The frontal lobe 345. this part is the main pathway between
B. The amygdala brain and peripheral nervous system
C. The corpus callosum A. brain stem
D. The retina B. spinal cord

C. cerabellum
340. What are the four types of tastebuds
D. nerves
A. Sweet, Sour, Salty, Sugary
346. Automatic reflex centers for the heart
B. Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Spicy
rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallow-
C. Sweet, Bitter, Salty, Sour ing, and vomiting
D. Sour, Bitter, Sugary, Spicy A. Medulla Oblongata

B. Pons 352. The Brain and Spinal Cord make up the

C. Midbrain A. Peripheral NErvous System
D. Thalamus B. Central Nervous System
347. Motor nerves are also referred to as C. Sensory Nervous System
fibers. D. Motor Nervous system
A. afferent
353. neurons carry messages away from
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. peripheral the central nervous system to carry out
C. sensory movement.
D. efferent A. Motor
348. What is/are neuroglia? B. Inter
A. the part of the brain that controls bal- C. Sensory

ance and posture D. Flower
B. the folds and grooves in the cerebral
354. Why is the adrenal gland unique in its au-
cortex
tonomic innervation?
C. a bundle of axons in the central ner-
A. It is innervated by parasympathetic
vous system
cholinergic preganglionic neurons.
D. specialized support cells of the central
B. The postganglionic neurons are cholin-
nervous system
ergic rather than noradrenergic despite
349. Paraplegia is the loss of motor function being part of the sympathetic nervous sys-
of the of the body. tem
A. extremities C. The post-synaptic response is medi-
ated via muscarinic acetylcholine recep-
B. upper region
tors.
C. lower and upper region
D. It is directly innervated by the spinal
D. lower region cord without passing through ganglia.
350. What kind of cells make up the nervous 355. When the frog died in an experiment by
system? Leonardo da Vinci?
A. Plasma A. Spinal cord was damaged by pushing a
B. Neurons needle down it
C. Blood Vessels B. Heart was damaged by pushing a nee-
D. Spinal Cord dle down it
C. After the brain was removed
351. List the parts of the central nervous sys-
tem D. After the skin was removed
A. Brain and spinal cord 356. Which one of the following is a sensory
B. lungs And bronchi receptor sensitive to deep pressure:
C. rib cage and foot bones A. Pancinian Corpuscles
D. Heart and veins B. Meissner’s Corpuscles

C. Muscle Spindles 362. Nervous tissue

D. Naked Nerve Endings A. Tissue that is responsible for lining,

covering, and glandular tissue
357. Which of the following voltages would
B. Tissue responsible for protecting, sup-
most likely be measured during the rela-
porting, and binding together other body
tive refractory period?
tissues
A. +30 mV C. Tissues that contracts and shortens to
B. 0mV produce movement
C. -45mV D. Tissue that receives and conducts elec-
trochemical impulses from one part of the
D. -80mV body to another
358. The membrane covering of the brain is 363. Forms myelin sheath on peripheral
known as the: nerves in the PNS
A. cerebral aqueduct. A. Astrocytes
B. choroid plexus. B. Oligodendrocytes
C. meninges. C. Microglia
D. ventricles. D. Schwann cells
359. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INCLUDES 364. What is the function of the central ner-
THE vous system?
A. BRAIN AND FEET A. It connects the spinal cord to the
body’s nerves
B. BRAIN AND EYES
B. It helps you move and feel tempera-
C. BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD tures
D. BRAIN AND HANDS C. It is the center of thought and controls
most body actions
360. The part of the brain that controls coordi-
nation, balance, and equilibrium D. It carries electrical signals to and from
the central nervous system
A. cerebrum
365. This nerve is the only cranial nerve that
B. thalamus
extend to the thoracic and lumbar region:
C. cerebellum
A. Cranial Nerve III
D. medulla oblongata
B. Cranial Nerve X
361. The part of the brain located below the C. Cranial Nerve IV
cerebrum is the: D. Cranial Nerve V
A. cerebellum.
366. Divisions of the autonomic nervous sys-
B. diencephalon. tem(select all that apply)
C. hypothalamus. A. somatic
D. thalamus. B. sympathetic

C. parasympathetic 372. The long, fiber like part of a neuron which

D. central the nerve impulse passes through.
A. axon
367. Which system controls all other body sys-
B. dendrite
tems?
C. myelin
A. Muscular
D. Node of Ranvier
B. Excretory
373. What is the eye an example of?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Nervous
D. Digestive A. a stimulus
B. a sense organ
368. Communication between neurons occurs
at C. a relay neuron
D. a part of nerve cell
A. Axon terminal
B. Synapse 374. When you are walking across a dark
parking lot and suddenly see an awk-
C. Muscle fiber
ward shadow approaching and you start
D. Neuron membrane to quiver, your heart races, and your
breathing increases. All these changes are
369. Which of the following is a traumatic an example of your activating ac-
brain injury: tions due to the increased stress you are
A. Aphsia experiencing.
B. Parkinson’s Disease A. sympathetic nervous system, volun-
tary
C. Cerebrovascular Accidents
B. parasympathetic system, involuntary
D. Cerebral Edema
C. sympathetic nervous system, involun-
370. Scientists of any century have disproved tary
the notion that the Greeks proposed brain
D. Somatic nervous system, voluntary
control
A. 16th & 17th centuries 375. The term Peripheral Nervous system
refers to the:
B. 17th & 18th centuries
A. Autonomic and Peripheral Nervous
C. 15th & 16th centuries System
D. 19th & 20th centuries B. Brain and Spinal Cord
371. Function of brain C. Brain and Cranial Nerves
A. controls all voluntary actions of the D. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
body
376. Which of the following statements is the
B. to transmit impulses from the sensory correct definition for nervous system?
organ through central nervous system to
A. set of nerves that carry signals to the
the effector to respond accordingly
brain.
C. controls the reflex actions B. set of neurons whose function is to in-
D. none of above terpret and respond to signals.

C. sets of organs formed by nerves that 381. what is the fatty tissue that covers ax-
are responsible for interpreting signals ons?
from inside and outside the body.

A. myelin
D. set of organs whose basic unit is the B. dendrite
neuron, whose function is to carry signals
C. somatin
to all organs of the body.
D. neuron
377. What type of glial cell provides myelin
for the axons in a tract? 382. What are the main components of the
Central Nervous System?
A. Oligodendrocyte
A. Brain & Chest
B. Astrocyte
C. Schwann cell
D. Satellite cell D. Heart & Brain
378. The three main activities performed by 383. The neuron processes that normally re-
the nervous system to maintain homeosta- ceive incoming stimuli are called:
sis are sensory, motor and
A. axons
A. secretion B. dendrites
B. visual C. neurolemmas
C. intergration D. Schwann cells
D. temperature control E. satellite cells
379. What is the purpose of neurons? 384. When the eardrum vibrates, it moves a
set of bones called
A. Neurons control persons imagination
A. ossicles
B. Neurons coordinate skeletal muscles
B. muscles
C. Neurons transmit messages through-
out body C. blood vessels
D. none of above
D. Neurons control heart beat, breathing,
and digestion 385. What are the 3 parts of the brain?
380. how does the central nervous system A. dendrites, axons, axon endings
work? B. spinal cord, medulla, neurons
A. the brain is the control center of the C. cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
central nervous system. D. central, peripheral, axons
B. controls most functions of the body
386. How long is a circalunar rhythm?
and mind. It consists of two parts:the
brain and the spinal cord A. 365 days
C. when you walk B. 29.5 days
D. the spinal is a thick column of nervous C. 1 day

system tissue links the brain. D. 24.5 days

387. Which sense organ helps you hear? C. cell bodies

A. Eyes D. none of above
B. Nose
393. Actions which are under your control
C. Mouth
A. involuntary
D. Ears
B. voluntary
388. What is not a response of the sympa-
C. brain
thetic nervous system?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. vertebrae
A. Dilation of the pupils
B. Elevation of the heart rate 394. Which of the following areas of the brain
C. Increased blood flow to skeletal mus- is not involved in the diffuse cortical pro-
cle jection of dopamine?
D. increased activity of the digestive sys- A. Hypothalamus

tem B. Raphe nuclei
389. What is the job of the spinal cord? C. Ventral tegmentum
A. To protect your muscles D. Substantia nigra
B. To communicate from your brain to the
395. Which of these is not a feature of post-
rest of your body
ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic ner-
C. To open and close your lungs. vous system?
D. none of above A. Originating distal to the effector organ
390. Which of the following conducts impulses B. Unmyelinated
toward the nerve cell body? C. Short
A. axon
D. Noradrenergic
B. dendrite
396. The sympathetic and parasympathetic
C. axon terminal
nervous systems are subdivisions of the:
D. myelin
A. Voluntary Nervous System
391. The type of nerves that carry impulses to B. Central Nervous System
the CNS
C. Peripheral Nervous System
A. Efferent
D. Autonomic Nervous System
B. Afferent
C. Somatic 397. The part of the brain that controls con-
D. none of above scious thoughts, senses, language and
memories.
392. What is a group of interneurons that
A. Cerebellum
make synaptic connections with each other
& work together? B. Cerebrum
A. neuronal pools C. Dendrites
B. satellite cells D. Brain Stem

398. . A veteran is admitted to the hospital 403. Balance

after sustaining a traumatic brain injury. A. Optic
A magnetic resonance image (MRI) shows

B. Trigeminal
significant damage to the veteran’s cere-
bellum. The damage would result in dif- C. Vestibulocochlear
ficulty with which of the following func- D. Vagus
tions?
404. Sense of smell
A. Regulation of temperature
A. I
B. Sensation of pain
B. II
C. Coordination of movement
C. III
D. Regulation of emotion D. VII
399. also known as motor nerves 405. What organ receives and stores informa-
A. dendrites tion for the nervous system?
B. afferent nerves A. spinal cord
C. bones B. nerves
D. efferent nerves C. brain

D. senses
400. What are the two types of neurons of
the Peripheral Nervous System? (select 406. When a nerve fiber polarized, the concen-
all that apply) tration of:
A. Motor neurons A. Sodium and potassium ions is higher

on the inside of the membrane
B. Sensory neurons
B. Sodium ions is higher on the inside of
C. Movement neurons its membrane and potassium is higher on
D. Haptic neurons the outside
E. Static neurons C. Sodium and potassium ions is higher
on the outside of the membrane
401. What sense organ is responsible for our D. none of above
sense of touch?
407. nerve cells are called what?
A. Ears
A. nerves
B. Face
B. neurons
C. Nose
C. nervous system
D. Skin
D. nerve cells
402. Type of neuron that perceive information 408. If you are right handed, what side of the
about your environment. brain controls that?
A. Motor Neuron A. Motor cortex of left hemisphere
B. Interneuron B. Motor cortex of right hemisphere
C. Sensory Neuron C. Sensory cortex of left hemisphere
D. none of above D. Sensory cortex of right hemisphere

409. What serves as a message station be- 414. In the line “Palms are sweaty, mom’s
tween several areas of the brain? spaghetti, “ what part of the nervous sys-
tem does that deal with?
A. Midbrain
A. Somatic
B. Hyporalamus
B. Sensory
C. Pons
C. Sympathetic
D. Brain stem
D. Parasympathetic
NARAYAN CHANGDER
410. The rapid withdrawal from something
that causes pain is called the 415. The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath
around the:
A. node to node response
A. dendrites
B. withdrawal reflex
B. cell body
C. rapid fire response
C. nucleus
D. action potential D. axon
411. What is the normal resting potential of a E. nodes of Ranvier
neuron cell membrane?
416. Which is the correct order of events in de-
A. +40mV polarisation then repolarisation?
B. -30mV A. Sodium channels close, potassium
C. +55mV channels open
D. -70mV B. Sodium channels open, potassium
channels open,
412. Henry was on a hike when he saw a tiger C. Sodium channels open, potassium
snake. He quickly picked up a stick and channels close
tried to hit it. His friend Tom, who also
saw the snake, quickly ran away to a safer D. Potassium channels open, sodium
place on the track. Which division of the channels open
nervous system was most likely in control 417. Which one of the following represents
of their reactions to the snake? the correct sequence from outermost to in-
A. sympathetic nermost layers of the meninges?
B. parasympathetic A. pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid
mater
C. limbic
B. rachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
D. somatic
C. dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid
413. This part of the ANS allows us to “un- mater
wind”: D. dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia
A. cereburm mater
B. afferent nervous system 418. A single nerve cell is what?
C. sympathetic nervous system A. Neuron
D. parasympathetic nervous system B. Cell body

C. nerve 424. The part of the body that contain the

nerve tissue (contains neuron cells) that
D. none of above
connects the olfactory epithelium (smell re-

419. The part of the nervous system that con- ceptors ) to the brain is the:
sists of nerves that branch out from the A. olfactory epithelium
CNS (central nervous system) and connect
B. mucus
to other body parts
C. olfactory tract
A. Sympathetic
D. amygdala
B. Parasympathetic
C. Autonomic 425. The nervous system is divided into 2
groups.
D. Peripheral
A. neurons
420. The pons connects B. cerebellum, cerebrum
A. the cerebellum to the cerebrum C. the spinal cord
B. the cerebrum to brain stem D. central nervous system and peripheral
C. the cerebrum to the interbrain nervous system
D. the cerebellum to the brain stem 426. how does the synapse work?
421. Basic unit of the nervous system; another A. four neuron sends a message to a tar-
name for nerve cell. get neuron another cell
A. brain stem B. two neuron sends a message to a tar-
get neuron another cell
B. axon
C. one neuron sends a message to a tar-
C. dendrite get neuron another cell
D. neuron D. three neuron sends a message to a tar-
get neuron another cell
422. Which part of the nervous system is un-
der VOLUNTARY control? 427. What protects the brain inside the skull?
A. somatic A. bones
B. autonomic B. tissue and fluid
C. sympathetic C. nerves
D. parasympathetic D. air and water
423. This gets information from the environ- 428. The branch-like extensions of a neuron
ment. that receive impulses are called
A. skeletal system A. axon
B. central nervous system B. dendrite
C. digestive system C. axon terminal
D. none of above D. gene

429. What percent of the brain makes up the 435. Somatic division of the nervous system
cerebrum? innervates
A. 26% A. Cardiac muscle
B. 85%
B. Gland
C. 100%
C. Skeletal muscle
D. none of above
D. Smooth muscle
430. What is responsible for maintaining the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
resting membrane potential? 436. We use this organ to help us hear
A. Neurotransmitter receptors Beethoven.
B. Voltage-gated ion channels A. Ears
C. The sodium-potassium pump B. Heart
D. Ligand-gated ion channels
C. Sound
431. HOW MANY LEVELS OF CONSCIOUS-
D. Mouth
NESS ARE THERE?
A. 1 437. The two major subsystems of the ner-
B. 2 vous system are the central nervous sys-
tem and the
C. 3
D. 4 A. autonomic nervous system
432. nerves come from our skin, eyes, B. sympathetic nervous system
ears, tongue, and nose. C. peripheral nervous system
A. sensory
D. somatic nervous system
B. motor
C. autonomic 438. How do impulses travel across one neu-
ron to another?
D. none of above
A. By fusing neurotransmitters
433. What type of cell is part of the blood
brain barrier B. Through a synapse
A. astrocytes C. Through cell bodies
B. schwann D. By touching dendrites
C. satellite
D. oligodendrocytes 439. Regular movement of muscles are con-
trolled by which section of the Peripheral
434. True or False:The cerebrum is a bundle of nervous system?
nerves going down your back.
A. Autonomic (Involuntary)
A. True
B. Somatic (voluntary)
B. False
C. Maybe C. Sensory
D. none of above D. Spinal cord

440. Which part of your brain you should use C. muscles and blood cells
now to recall memories on this topic? D. glands and blood cells

A. hypothalamus
446. The part of the brain that controls the bal-
B. thalamus ance is called
C. midbrain A. Cerebrum
D. cerebellum B. Cerebellum
441. The brain acts as the body’s C. Hypothalamus
A. mother D. Medulla oblongata
B. banker 447. The point at which an impulse from one
C. control cell nerve cell is communicated to another cell
is the:
D. control center
A. effector
442. The brain and spinal cord are part of the
B. collateral branch
nervous system
C. synapse
A. somatic
D. receptor
B. autonomic
C. peripheral 448. This part takes care of body jobs you
don’t think about, like digesting food and
D. central sweating.
443. What type of neuron performs the most A. cerebrum
processes? B. thalamus
A. unipolar C. brain stem
B. multipolar D. cerebellum
C. tripolar
449. According to function a sensory neuron
D. bipolar would
444. The response that occurs when your Ner- A. Transmit impulses from brain and
vous System activates certain parts of spinal cords to muscles and glands direct-
your body. ing action
A. Sensory Input B. Carry Impulses from skin and organs
to the spinal cord and brain about the ex-
B. Integration
ternal and internal environment
C. Motor Output
C. Transmit impulses between other neu-
D. None of the Above rons
445. The motor/efferent division of the ner- D. none of above
vous system carries impulses from the CNS 450. A bundle of nerve tissue that links the
to brain to the nerves in peripheral nerve sys-
A. muscles and glands tem is called the
B. muscles and bones A. brain stem.

B. central nervous system. 456. What are the two major divisions of the
Nervous System?
C. spinal cord.
A. Central, Peripheral
D. none of above
B. Lungs, Vertebrae
451. What are the two major structural divi-
C. Legs, Arms
sions of the nervous system?
D. None of these
A. The brain and spinal cord
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. The central nervous and peripheral 457. Subdivision of the PNS that controls in-
nervous system voluntary activities, such as regulating car-
diac and smooth muscle glands.
C. The neurons and the dendrites
D. The cerebrum and the medulla
B. CNS
452. CNS consists of
C. PNS
A. Cranial nerve
D. Somatic Nervous System
B. Brain
458. What is the reflex called when the doctor
C. Spinal nerve
taps a tendon near your patella and your
D. Spinal cord leg swings?
A. knee-jerk
453. What produces myelin?
B. withdrawl
A. Schwann cell
C. pupillary
B. Axon
D. ouch!
C. Nucleus
D. Dendrite 459. Preparing the body for the “fight-or-
flight” response during the threatening sit-
454. Which part of the neuron is where the nu- uations is the role of the:
cleus is located?
A. cerebrum
A. Cell body
B. afferent nervous system
B. Dendrite
C. sympathetic nervous system
C. Axon
D. parasympathetic nervous system
D. Myelin sheath
460. A Dendrite
455. Which of the following organs is not part
A. carries information towards the body
of the central nervous system?
of the neuron
A. Brain
B. carries information away from the
B. Spinal Cord body of the neuron
C. Nerves C. sends impulses to other neurons
D. none of above D. acts as the cell’s nucleus

461. The type of nerves that carry impulses to C. sensory nerves

from the CNS to muscles and glands D. feeling nerves

A. Efferent
466. Myelin sheaths are formed around what
B. Afferent structure of the neuron?
C. Somatic A. Axon
D. none of above B. Dendrite
462. Which of the following is the correct se- C. Cell Body
quence in a typical reflex arc? D. Node of Ranvier
A. effector, sensory neuron, spinal cord,
467. The largest part of your brain
motor neuron, receptor
A. medulla
B. receptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord,
motor neuron, effector B. cerebrum
C. effector, motor neuron, spinal cord, C. cerebellum
sensory neuron, receptor D. neuron
D. receptor, motor neuron, spinal cord,
468. Also called the “rest and digest” arm of
sensory neuron, effector
the nervous system.
E. receptor, sensory neuron, motor neu- A. Sympathetic
ron, spinal cord, effector
B. Parasympathetic
463. Receptors C. Central
A. react to a specific stimulus by sending D. Peripheral
impulses
B. carry motor impulses from the central 469. THE TWO MAIN PARTS ARE THE NER-
nervous system VOUS SYSTEM
C. are connections with different nerves A. CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL

B. NORTH AND CENTRAL
D. are directed towards the peripheral
nervous system C. PERIPHERAL AND NORTH
D. SOUTH AND WEST
464. The central nervous system is made up of
470. The part of the brain that controls invol-
A. the brain and cerebellum untary processes
B. the peripheral and autonomic nervous A. medulla
system B. cerebrum
C. the brain and spinal cord C. cerebellum
D. the cerebrum and the cerebellum D. spinal cord
465. Nerves that cause muscles to move are 471. Which part controls our voluntary move-
ments?
A. axon nerves A. Spinal cord
B. motor nerves B. Cerebrum

C. Cerebellum 477. Actions which are NOT under your control

D. Skull A. voluntary
B. involuntary
472. Central nervous system
C. vertebrae
A. Brain and spinal cord
D. brain
B. Network of spinal and cranial nerves
Nerves from the brain and spinal cord 478. Which neurotransmitter is mostly respon-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Brain and posterior part of the spinal sible for alertness and arousal?
cord A. Norepinephrine
D. Medulla oblongata and autonomic ner- B. Serotonin
vous system C. Dopamine
473. What is the name of cells that support D. GABA
neurons?
479. What is the biggest part of the brain?
A. Neurons A. Brain stem
B. Axons B. Think tank
C. Dendrites C. Cerebrum
D. Neuroglia D. Cerebellum
474. The part of the nervous system that con- 480. The cells that form the lining of the cav-
sists of nerves that branch out from the ities of the brain and spinal cord and line
CNS and connect to other body parts the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain are
A. Sympathetic called?
A. arachnoid cells
B. Parasympathetic
B. schwann cells
C. Autonomic
C. ependymal cells
D. Peripheral
D. neuroglia cells
475. What does the cerebrum control?
481. What typically happens if a neuron is
A. Memory, language, and thoughts. damaged?
B. Heartbeat, swallowing, and blinking. A. it dies
C. Coughing and sneezing B. it repairs itself
D. Standing, running, waving, and speak- C. it divides to create a new neuron
ing. D. nothing
476. Which system relays messages 482. The function of the ependymal cells is
A. Central Nervous System A. Protection of the delicate neuron axon
B. Peripheral Nervous System B. Maintain the health of the neuron
C. All of the above C. Circulates the cerebrospinal fluid
D. none of above D. Insulate the electrical impulse

483. The nervous system controls uncon- 488. What are the two divisions of the auto-
scious activities. nomic nervous system?

A. somatic A. central and peripheral
B. sympathetic B. parasympathetic and sympathetic
C. parasympathetic C. brain and spinal cord

D. nerves and ganglia
D. autonomic
489. Your brain is made of cells called
484. Identify the 2 labels that could apply to
the nervous system below. The muscles A. Nodes
of your stomach move to begin digesting B. Neurons
food. C. Niotic
A. Sensory D. none of above
B. Motor
490. The sympathetic division is responsible
C. Autonomic for
D. Somatic A. stress
B. relaxation
485. If the specialized area of the cerebral
hemisphere corresponding to Broca’s area C. digestion
is damaged, what is the result: D. resting
A. Memory lost 491. Shape of spinal cord
B. Eyesight lost A. cylindrical shape
C. Motor control of the speech muscles is B. snake shape
lost
C. hair shape
D. Motor control of the right leg is im- D. rectangular shape
paired
492. Which of the following portions of the
486. The critical point at which a stimulus nervous system are involved in controlling
causes an action potential the activities of glands?
A. Synapse A. Somatic
B. Action potential B. Central
C. Membrane potential C. autonomic
D. Threshold D. Spinal cord
493. This nervous system branch causes in-

487. What is another name for a nerve cell?
creases in heart rate and breathing.
A. Nerves A. Sympathetic
B. Neuron B. Parasympathetic
C. Nilli C. Somatic
D. Brain D. Sensory

494. What TWO parts of the nervous system 499. Which of the following describes salbuta-
make up the central nervous system? mol, a β 2-adrenoceptor agonists
A. Brain A. Direct acting sympathomimetic
B. Sensory organs B. Indirect acting sympathomimetic
C. Spinal Cord C. Direct acting parasympathomimetic
D. Nerves D. Indirect acting parasympathomimetic
500. Which of the following is not a nervous
NARAYAN CHANGDER
495. A cytoplasmic extension of a neuron that
receives stimuli system function?
A. Axon A. Receives information from internal
and external environments
B. Nerve
B. Responds to stimuli
C. Dendrite
C. Maintains balance in the body
D. Synapse
D. Shapes and supports the body
496. Which of the following is NOT a function
of the nervous system? 501. The space between neurons is called
A. monitor changes in the environment A. Neuron

B. Axon
B. synthesize hormones to react to stim-
uli C. Synapse
C. process and interpret input D. Myolemma
D. activate muscles and glands 502. The nervous system is composed of the
, , and
497. what is the main function of the central
nervous system? A. heart, brain, kidneys
A. It also controls simple musculoskele- B. lungs, liver, stomach
tal reflexes without input from the brain. C. brain, spinal cord, nerves
B. The central nervous system CNS is re- D. eyes, pancreas, veins
sponsible for integrating sensory informa-
tion and responding accordingly. 503. Which of the following is probably going
to propagate an action potential fastest?
C. The central nervous system main func-
tion is the motor because without a motor A. thin, unmyelinated axon
you can die. B. thin, myelinated axon
D. none of above C. thick, unmyelinated axon
D. thick, myelinated axon
498. The scientific study of the structure, func-
tion, and pathology of the nervous system 504. The heart beating faster during exercise
is known as is an example of which portion of the PNS
A. neurostics A. Somatic
B. neurology B. Sensory
C. anatomy C. Autonomic
D. psychology D. none of above

505. The gap between two neurons is called 511. The single, deep groove separating the
a(an) two cerebral hemispheres is the:

A. synapse A. Longitudinal fissure
B. neurotransmitter B. Prieto-occipital sulcus
C. axon C. Anterior commissure
D. dendrite D. Central Sulcus
506. What would happen if your cerebellum 512. What part of the nervous system includes
was damaged? the brain?
A. You would lose balance A. sensory nervous sytem
B. You would not be able to breath B. peripheral nervous system
C. You would be paralyzed C. central nervous system
D. none of above D. motor nervous system
507. The part of the autonomic nervous 513. Optic Nerve
system is active during “rest and digest”.
A. Cranial nerve I
A. sympathetic
B. Cranial nerve II
B. parasympathetic
C. Cranial nerve IX
C. somatic
D. Cranial nerve XII
D. peripheral
514. Nerves are thin strands of long fibers
508. Branches of a neuron that collect stimuli
that send throughout the body.
and transport them to the cell body
A. neurons
A. cell body
B. dendrites B. blood
C. nodes of Ranvier C. signals
D. myelin sheath D. sounds
509. Controls Reflexes 515. The letters PNS stands for what?
A. Spinal Cord A. Personal Nervous System
B. Medulla B. Personal Nerver System
C. Cerebellum C. Peripheral Nerve Signs
D. none of above D. Peripheral Nervous System
510. The spinal cord mainly consists of what 516. Which system is considered the alert sys-
type of neurons? tem?
A. sensory A. Brain
B. integrative B. Sympathetic NS
C. motor C. Parasympathetic NS
D. none of above D. Spinal cord

517. The part of the neuron that passes the A. Axon

message along is called the B. Synaptic Cleft
A. axon C. Nodes of Ranvier
B. dendrite D. Dendrites
C. nucleus
522. If I step on a nail what type of neu-
D. synapse rons take the messages from the brain to
my muscles?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
518. Spinal Cord
A. motor
A. controls involuntary actions such as
breathing and heart rate B. interneurons
B. is the link between the brain and the C. sensory
peripheral nervous system D. not neurons, muscle tissue sends the
C. largest part; controls movement, the response
senses, speech and abstract thought
523. Brain stem controls
D. coordinates actions of muscles and
A. Breathing
helps maintain balance
B. Taste
519. When you learn new skills, what are you
C. Movement
creating within your brain?
D. Sight
A. Memory block
B. Clusters 524. Immediately after an action potential is
propagated, which one of the following
C. Pathways
ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the
D. Brain bumps tissue fluid:
520. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation A. Calcium
causes: B. Sodium
A. Increased blood glucose, increased GI C. Chloride
peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and D. Potassium
blood pressure
B. Decreased blood glucose, increased 525. Which of the following is essential to
GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate hearing?
and blood pressure A. Retina
C. Decreased blood glucose, decreased B. Semicircular canals
GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate C. Cochlea
and blood pressure
D. Taste bud
D. Increased blood glucose, decreased
GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate 526. The siatic nerve is the largest nerve in
and blood pressure the body resulting from a combination of
which two nerves:
521. Which of the following is not a structural
feature of a neuron but plays a critical role A. Pudendal and femoral nerves
as a functional junction between neurons: B. Pudendal and tibial nerves

C. Common fibular and tibial nerves 532. nerves control involuntary functions
of the body.
D. Pudendal and common peroneal

nerve. A. sensory
B. motor
527. Which of the following are 2 of the types
of Nerve Endings C. autonomic
A. Cold and Pressure D. neuron
B. Hot and Taste 533. Whats the nervous system
C. Sweet and Sour A. has 2 divisions that work together
D. Touch and Feel B. made up of all the bones in your body
528. Part of the autonomic system that deals C. consist of a network of nerves that
with “fight-flight” behaviors branch out to body
A. Sympathetic D. consist of the brain and the spinal cord

and is the control center of the body
B. Parasympathetic
C. Involuntary 534. The main control center in an animal body
part of the central nervous system is
D. Voluntary
A. the Brain
529. Which of the following is in the central B. your parents
nervous system?
C. a cat
A. Nerves going to your legs
D. blood cells
B. Brain and Spinal Cord
535. Which one of the following best de-
C. Cranial nerves
scribes the waxy-appearing material
D. Bones and Muscles called myelin:
530. these nerves carry impulses away from A. An outer membrane of the neuroglial
the CNS. cell
A. dendrites B. A mass of white lipid material that sur-

rounds the dendrites of a neuron
B. afferent nerves
C. A mass of white lipid material that in-
C. bones sulates an axon of a neuron
D. efferent nerves D. none of above
531. What type of responses does the sympa- 536. What type of Neuron send signals to the
thetic nervous system control? brain from a receptor?
A. rest & digest A. Motor
B. fight or flight B. Relay
C. netflix & chill C. Sensory
D. stress & digest D. Inter neuron

537. The nervous system includes all the C. tongue

nerves outside the central nervous system D. stomach
A. central
543. What is the central nervous system (CNS)
B. automatic made of?
C. peripheral A. brain and spinal cord
D. none of above
B. brain and cranial nerves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
538. The nerves going to the upper limbs join C. spinal cord and spinal nerves
the spinal cord at the region.
D. cranial nerves and spinal nerves
A. cervical
544. allow nutrients to be absorbed by the
B. thoracic
blood and taken through the body.
C. sacral
A. salivary glands
D. lumbar
B. villi
539. An electrical impulse within a single neu- C. small intestine
ron is called a
D. none of above
A. synapse
545. The outer layer of the meninges is the
B. membrane potential
A. arachnoid mater
C. action potential
B. pia mater
D. cell body
C. dura mater
540. How much of a change in the membrane
potential is necessary for the summation D. choroid plexus
of postsynaptic potentials to result in an 546. Regulates muscular activities.
action potential being generated?
A. Cerebellum
A. +30mV
B. Cerebrum
B. +15mV
C. Hypothalamus
C. +10mV
D. Pons
D. -15mV
547. Why do the symptoms of a stroke vary
541. What are the main two parts of the cen- from person to person?
tral nervous system?
A. The stroke can cause either too much
A. Brain and Skull
excitation or too much inhibition
B. Brain and Spinal Cord
B. The symptoms depend on whether the
C. Spinal Cord and Nerves stroke was ischemic or hemorrhagic
D. Nerve Cells and Nerve Endings C. The symptoms depend on which brain
area was affected by the loss of blood sup-
542. Which of the following is a receptor? ply
A. heart D. The symptoms depend on how much
B. brain neuroplasticity a person is capable of

548. The nervous system C. threshold

A. receives information about what is go- D. synapse

ing on in your body as well as what is going
554. What is the peripheral nervous system?
on around you.
A. is an electrically excitable cell that
B. tells your body how to react to the intakes up, processes and transmits infor-
formation it receives. mation through electrical and chemical
C. helps your body maintain homeosta- signals.
sis. B. the nervous system inside the brain
D. all of the above. and spinal cord.
C. the nervous system outside the brain
549. The spinal cord is protected by
and spinal cord.
A. the spine D. In order that a human being can react
B. the ribs to his environment
C. fluid 555. Lobe that contains the primary motor
D. the legs area that enable voluntary control of
skeletal muscle movements:
550. The two parts of the nervous system
A. Parietal Lobe
are?
B. Diencephalon
A. PNS
C. Occipital Lobe
B. CNS
D. Frontal Lobe
C. JNS
556. The posterior side of the leg and foot is
D. TNS served by which nerve:
551. Branches of a neuron that collect stimuli A. tibial
A. Myelin sheath B. femoral
B. Dendrites C. median
C. Cell Body D. peroneal
D. none of above 557. Sense organs get information from the
552. Thinking takes place in the A. environment

A. cerebrum B. computer
B. cerebellum C. spinal cord
C. brain stem D. none of above
D. spinal cord 558. Which type of neuron has many exten-
553. The location where a neuron transfers an sions that arise from the cell body?
impulse to another neuron with the use of A. unipolar
neurotransmitters the B. bipolar
A. myelin sheath C. multipolar
B. axon D. none of above

559. Stores Memories C. spinal cord

A. Cerebrum D. brain stem
B. Cerebellum
565. Actions that you do automatically, with-
C. Medulla out you having to think about them, are
D. none of above called
560. The nervous system is made of these A. fast

three parts:
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. flexible
A. Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves C. reflex
B. Brain, Tendons, and Ligaments
D. repeat
C. Brain, Heart and Lungs
D. Spinal Cord, Vertebrae and nerves 566. Located on the brainstem
A. Pons
561. The long, fiber like part of a neuron which
the cell sends information to receiving neu- B. Cerebrum
rons C. Thalamus
A. axon D. none of above
B. dendrite
C. axon terminal 567. A neuron with a cell located in the CNS
whose primary function is connecting other
D. gene neurons is called a(n):
562. What parts make up the central nervous A. Glial Cell
system (CNS) made of?
B. Afferent Neuron
A. brain and spinal cord
C. Efferent Neuron
B. brain and cranial nerves
D. Association Neuron
C. spinal cord and spinal nerves
D. cranial nerves and spinal nerves 568. What part of the eye bends light to focus
on the retina?
563. In a reflex arc, the sensory neuron leads
to the and the motor neuron leads to A. Retina
the B. Iris
A. Spinal cord, CNS C. Optic Nerve
B. CNS, muscle D. Lens
C. Spinal cord, muscle
569. Branch of the nervous system that stim-
D. Muscle, CNS
ulates the skeletal muscles
564. Bundle of nerves that begins at the brain A. myelin sheath
stem and continues down the center of the
back. B. somatic nervous system
A. axon C. autonomic nervous system
B. nerve fiber D. synapse

570. Why is exercise good for the brain? 575. nerves are nerves that we control.
A. It releases chemicals that make you A. Somatic

feel good
B. Autonomic
B. It relaxes the muscles
C. Motor
C. It gets rid of stress
D. Peripheral
D. It releases chemicals that make you
feel good, It relaxes the muscles, It gets 576. Which type of neuron is found exclusively
rid of stress in the central nervous system.
571. Peripheral Nervous System A. Sensory neurons
A. consists of a network of nerves that B. Interneurons

branch out to body C. Motor neurons
B. controls involuntary actions such as D. none of above
breathing and heart rate
C. coordinates actions of muscles and 577. how many nervous systems do we
helps maintain balance have?
D. located in the skull has 3 main regions A. 4 (PNS, CNS, ENS, TNS)
B. 2 (CNS, PNS)
572. The brain is divided into how many hemi-
spheres C. 1 (ENS)
A. Four D. 3 (CNS, PNS, ENS)
B. Five 578. Vertigo:-
C. Two A. is a post-rotational sense of being ro-
D. Three tated toward opposite side of original ro-
tation
573. Which part of the brain controls involun-
B. is a post-rotational sense of being ro-
tary processes such as breathing?
tated toward same side of original rota-
A. Cerebrum tion
B. Cerebellum C. is a rotational sense of being rotated
C. Medulla toward opposite side of original rotation
D. none of above D. is a rotational sense of being rotated

toward same side of original rotation
574. These connect Sensory and Motor Neu-
rons to each other and are located in the 579. The peripheral nervous system is com-
brain and spinal cord posed of
A. Sensory Neurons A. Motor cells
B. Motor Neurons B. Spinal cord
C. Interneurons C. Nerves
D. Afferent Neurons D. none of above

580. How many parts (hemispheres) does 586. Sympathetic division fibers leave the
your cerebellum have? spinal cord in the:
A. 4 parts A. Thoracolumbar region, and postgan-
B. 3 parts glionic fibers secrete acetylcholine
C. 2 parts B. Craniosacral region, and postgan-

glionic fibers secrete norepinephrine
D. none of above
C. Craniosacral region, the preganglionic
NARAYAN CHANGDER
581. Which system is most closely associated fibers secrete norepinephrine
with the brain? D. Thoracolumbar region, and postgan-
A. nervous glionic fibers secrete norepinephrine
B. muscular 587. What direction does an impulse travel?
C. circulatory A. away from the cell body
D. respiratory B. towards the cell body
582. The only 2 parts of the body that are in- C. it does not travel
cluded in the central nervous system are D. none of above
the and
A. brain and spinal cord 588. What are the two major divisions the Pe-
ripheral Nervous System can be broken
B. brain and backbone into with respect to the type of nerve
C. spinal cord and eyes pathways and signals they are responsi-
D. brain and eyes ble for to communicate with the body and
the brain?
583. How do you say memory loss? A. Somatic & Motor
A. amnesty B. Brake & Motor
B. amnesia C. sympathetic and parasympathetic
C. anaemia D. Sensory & Motor
D. anmesia
589. A synapse is:
584. Which animals are ‘crepuscular’? A. The meeting of the dendrite of one neu-
A. animals active during the night ron with the axon terminal of another
B. animals active during the day B. The meeting of two axon terminals
C. animals active at dawn/twilight from different neurons
D. animals active during day and night C. The meeting of two dendrites from dif-
ferent neurons
585. The motor system is divided into which D. The meeting of two axon terminals
two systems? from the same neuron
A. Input, output
590. Damage of the general interpretative
B. Sympathetic, parasympathetic area causes all the following effects,
C. Motor, sensory except:-
D. Somatic, autonomic A. failure of articulate speech

B. failure to understand written words C. Cranial Nerve IV

C. failure to understand spoken words D. Cranial Nerve V

D. sensory aphasia 597. This type of glia cell attacks microbes and
removes debris.
591. Carries food and O2 to the spinal cord
A. Neurilemma
A. Grey matter
B. Astroglia
B. Dura matter
C. Microglia
C. Pia matter
D. Oligodendrocyte
D. White matter
598. number of cranial nerves
592. How many nerves do we have in our
A. 12 pairs12 pairs
body?
B. 12
A. 3 nerves
C. 31 pairs31 pairs
B. about a billion nerves
D. 31
C. a thousand nerves
D. none of above 599. What are the main organs of the Periph-
eral Nervous System?
593. when does your brain stop making con- A. Spinal Nerves & sensory Receptors
nections
B. Arms & Legs
A. 18-21
B. 16-17 D. Optic Nerves & Receptors
C. 23-25
600. List all that the brain controls. (mark all
D. 30 + that apply)
594. What are the three types of nerves A. Thoughts
A. Motor, autonomic, peripheral B. Speech
B. Central, somatic, neurons C. Memory
C. Neural, sensory, somatic D. Muscles Movement
D. Motor, sensory, autonomic E. None of the above
595. Shrugs the shoulders 601. The nervous system is divided into the
and the ; the former consists of
A. Accessory ; the latter
B. Vestibulocochlear A. ANS; PNS; the nerves around the body;
C. Abducens the ventricles
D. Trigeminal B. ANS; CNS; the nerves around the body;
the brain and spinal cord
596. The nerve that contains motor fibers that C. CNS; PNS; the nerves around the body;
reinvolved with chewing is: the ventricles
A. Cranial Nerve III D. CNS; PNS; the brain and spinal cord;
B. Cranial Nerve VI the nerves around the body

602. What is the function of a nerve? C. synaptic membrane

A. To transport needed food around the D. synaptic cleft
body
608. The primary function of the brain is to
B. To control body movement for re- (select all that apply)
flexes. A. sense internal and external stimuli and
C. To carry messages (impulses) to and changes
form the Central Nervous System B. interpret incoming stimuli and initiate
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. All of the above outgoing response signals
C. store incoming signals and link them
603. Which of the following is not a response
with previous signals and experiences to
of the sympathetic nervous system?
initiate a quicker interpretation
A. Dilation of the pupils D. maintain homeostasis of internal or-
B. Elevation of the heart rate gans, glands, muscles, and tissues
C. Increased blood flow to skeletal mus- 609. An extension of a neuron that carries im-
cle pulses away from the cell body
D. Increased activity of the digestive sys- A. Dendrite
tem
B. Nerve
604. What helps warn us and protect us? C. Vein
A. nerves D. Axon
B. reflexes 610. The nerve is purely sensory and carries
C. both a and b impulses for the sense of smell:
D. none of above A. Cranial Nerve III
B. Cranial Nerve VI
605. neurons carry messages away from
C. Cranial Nerve I
the central nervous system.
D. Cranial Nerve V
A. Motor
611. Which of the following has myelin sur-
B. Inter
rounding it?
C. Sensory
A. I matter
D. Flower B. Grey matter
606. nerves and ganglia outside the CNS C. White matter
A. afferent division D. You matter
B. autonomic nervous system 612. Which type of neuron has one extensions
C. central nervous system that is then divided into two; its central
process enters the brain and spinal cord?
A. unipolar
607. The actual gap in the synapse is called the B. bipolar
A. synaptic bridge C. multipolar
B. synaptic vesicle D. none of above

613. Which of the following occurs when the C. Repolarization

body encounters a stressful situation? D. Depolarization

A. the parasympathetic NS responds
619. are specialized cells that are sensitive
B. the sympathetic NS responds to stimuli and turn them into electrical im-
C. pupils constrict pulses.
D. the sympathetic NS responds and A. synapses
causes pupils to constrict B. effectors
614. The “effect” of a given stimulus is the C. receptors
D. none of above
A. response 620. Which of the following is NOT a struc-
B. stimulus tural group of neurons?
C. cause A. unipolar
D. result B. multipolar
C. bipolar
615. What kind of stimuli would cause you to
shiver? D. tripolar
A. Being very excited about a new bike. 621. What are specialized nerve endings that
detect change inside and outside the
B. Jumping into a cold shower.
body?
C. Running really fast.
A. interneurons
D. none of above
B. receptors
616. Taste sensation on the anterior 2/3 of C. motor neurons
the tongue D. reflex arc
A. facial
622. Sneezing uses what part of the brain
B. trigeminal
A. Thalamus
C. glossopharngeal
B. Medulla oblongata
D. hypoglossal
C. Spinal cord
617. The spinal cord connects the brain to the D. none of above
body’s
623. The human nervous system is composed
A. legs of which two parts?
B. heart A. central nervous system; somatic ner-
C. nerves vous system
D. veins B. central nervous system; peripheral
nervous system
618. The reestablishment of a neuron to a po-
C. autonomic nervous system; somatic
larized state
nervous system
A. Refractory Period D. sympathetic nervous system; somatic
B. Polrization nervous system

624. What does the Myelin Sheath protect? 630. Sensory nerves bring messages from the
A. Axon
B. Dendrite A. stomach
B. brain
C. Cell body
C. lungs
D. axon terminal
D. none of above
625. Afferent nerves are also known as
631. Which type of neuron receives messages
NARAYAN CHANGDER
fibers.
from and sends messages back into the pe-
A. efferent ripheral nervous system during a reflex?
B. sensory A. sensory neurons
C. motor B. motor neurons
D. peripheral C. interneurons
626. The nervous system’s main objective is to D. post synaptic neurons
A. Coordinate actions 632. Afferent nerves are called , and motor
B. Allow someone the ability to feel nerves are called
C. Allow eyesight A. Motor Nerves; Sensory Nerves
D. Control digestion B. Peripheral Nerves; Cranial Nerves
C. Sensory Nerves; Efferent Nerves
627. What do the Sympathetic and Parasym-
pathetic nervous systems belong to? D. Cranial Nerves; Peripheral Nerves
A. Autonomic 633. Part of the peripheral that controls con-

scious activities
B. Somatic
A. autonomic
C. Sensory
B. somatic
D. Central
C. sympathetic
628. The occipital lobe controls D. parasympathetic
A. Vision
634. Which type of cells make up the myelin
B. Smell sheath in the PNS?
C. Taste A. astrocytes
D. Movement B. Schwann cells
629. When you are driving and see a red light C. microglial cells
ahead. Your nervous system thinks red D. oligodendrocytes
light means stop. This is called
635. What controls breathing, heart rate,
A. Sensory input
blood pressure, swallowing, coughing,
B. Integration etc.?
C. Motor output A. Thalamus
D. none of above B. Pons

C. Medulla oblongata 641. Reflex

D. Cerebellum A. automatic response that occurs

rapidly and without conscious control
636. What part of the brain is composed of
two hemispheres? B. Response that can be consciously con-
A. pons trolled
B. medulla oblongata C. Response that occurs after a few sec-

onds of trauma
C. cerebellum
D. The bodies defense against damage
D. cerebrum
637. Insulates the axon improving the rate of 642. The three main parts of the brain are ,
impulses , and
A. Dendrites A. Cerebrum, spinal cord, heart
B. Nodes B. Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla
C. Axon C. Cerebrum, Medulla, Gray Matter
D. Myelin D. none of above
638. Amy has an itch on her nose and would
like to scratch it. What part of her ner- 643. Which of the following is an example of
vous system will control the movement of an internal stimulus?
her arm to scratch her nose? A. darkness
A. Somatic B. sunlight
B. Sympathetic
C. hunger
C. Parasympathetic
D. rain
D. Autonomic
644. What would happen if your spinal cord
639. Type of neuron located only in the brain
was severed?
and spinal cord that pass impulses from
one neuron to another. A. You would become paralyzed and not
A. Motor Neuron be able to move
B. Interneuron B. You would not be able to breathe
C. Sensory Neuron C. You would become blind
D. none of above D. none of above
640. which part of the brain carries out mental
645. The colored part of the eye is called the
processes such as learning and remember-
ing?
A. iris
A. brain stem
B. cerebrum B. radius
C. cerebellum C. pupil

646. Which part of the brain controls bal- of the brain and spinal cord is known as
ance? the mater.
A. cerebellum A. dura
B. heart B. arachnoid
C. lungs C. periosteal
D. none of above D. pia
NARAYAN CHANGDER
647. The basic part of the nervous system is 652. How do Reflexes work?
the A. starts off with receptors being excited.
A. blood vessel They then send signals along a sensory
neuron to your spinal cord, where the sig-
B. vein nals are passed on to a motor neuron.
C. neuron B. starts off with the person being ex-
D. none of above cited they then send signals to the brain
to your spinal cord, where the signals are
648. Activation of the sympathetic nervous passed on to a ventricle neuron.
system leads to the ‘fight and flight’ re-
C. A muscular organ that pumps blood
sponse. Which of these is not part of that
out to the body to make you energized.
process
D. when there is a sudden interruption of
A. Vasodilatation in skeletal muscle blood to the brain.
B. Sweating
653. What does a ligand-gated channel require
C. Bladder relaxation in order to open?
D. Increased gut motility A. Increase in concentration of Na ions
649. Three main regions of the brain B. binding of a neurotransmitter
A. Hippocampus, cerebellum, brain stem C. increase in concentration of K ions
B. Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem D. depolarization of the membrane
C. Callosum, hippocampus, cerebrum 654. Which of the following structures allows
D. Brain stem, callosum, cerebellum for faster transmission of nerve signals?
A. axon
650. Scientists of any century have studied the
B. dendrite
role of the spinal cord in neural control Sci-
entists of which century have studied the C. cell body
role of the spinal cord in neural control? D. myelin sheath
A. 16th & 17th centuries
655. Are all the neurons in the body the
B. 17th & 18th centuries same?
C. 15th & 16th centuries A. yes
D. 19th & 20th centuries B. no
651. The delicate innermost membrane, or C. maybe

meningeal layer, that clings to the surface D. IDK

656. All the other neurons that aren’t part of 661. The part of the neuron that brings infor-
the central nervous system are part of the mation to the cell body is called a(n)
nervous system

A. dendrite
A. peripheral B. axon
B. outer C. nucleus
C. inside D. node of Ranvier
D. pulmonary
662. Learn Nerve
657. Specialized structures which carry infor- A. II
mation between your body and the central
nervous system B. IV
A. nerves C. V
B. neuron D. VIII
C. brain 663. CNS full name

D. vertebrae A. Central nervous system
658. Central Nervous System B. Central neuron system
A. coordinates actions of muscles and C. Centre nervous system

helps maintain balance D. Center nervous system
B. controls movement, senses and 664. what are the 2 hemispheres of the brain
speech called
C. consists of the brain and the spinal A. Front & back
cord and is the control center of the body
B. Front & cerebellum
D. automatic response that occurs
rapidly and without conscious control C. Cerebrum & cerebellum
D. Back & cerebrum
659. Responds to information received from
the outside environment and inside your 665. The function of motor neurons
body. For example, touching a hot stove
A. Feeling pain
is a stimulus.
B. Moving limbs
A. Nerves
C. Sweating
B. Brain
D. none of above
C. Stimulus
D. Dendrite 666. Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses
from the sense organs and internal organs
660. Which of the following is NOT a sense? (like your stomach) to the
A. hearing A. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
B. nose B. central nervous system (CNS)
C. smell C. muscles
D. touch D. sense organs

667. The Nodes of Ranvier exist because 672. Senses recognize which are recog-
nized by the brain and results in a re-
A. it speeds up the message sent along
sponse.
the axon
A. Synapses
B. schwann cells aren’t large enough to
cover the whole axon B. Brain messages
C. the neurons get damaged and gaps C. Stimuli (plural of stimulus)
form D. Cerebrums
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. it’s a side effect of the way the neuron 673. Which type of neuron transmits a signal
is developed from a sense organ to the central nervous
system?
668. THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
SENDS MESSAGES TO OUR A. sensory
A. EYES B. relay
B. FEET C. motor
C. HANDS D. efector
D. BRAIN 674. subdivision of the efferent division that

transmits action potentials from the CNS
669. This releases neurotransmitters which to skeletal muscle only
travel through the synapses to the recep-
A. afferent division
tors on the dendrites of another neuron.
B. somatic nervous system
A. axon
C. central nervous system
B. axon terminal
C. gene
675. What increases impulse speeds?
D. neuron
A. Axon
670. The set of organs that uses information B. Cell body
from the senses to control all body sys-
tems. C. Nodes
A. Nervous System D. Myelin
B. Respiratory System 676. the nervous system sends us signals

throughout our body
C. Circulatory System
A. TRUE
D. none of above
B. FALSE
671. The main control center in an animal body; C. SOMETIMES
part of the central nervous system.
D. NOT SURE
A. Brain
677. The junction at which the end of the axon
B. Brain Stem
of a neuron meets the end of a dendrite or
C. Spinal Cord the cell body of another neuron
D. Nervous System A. Synapse

B. Neurotransmitter 683. What type of cell is the myleinating cell?

C. Threshold A. oligodnedorcytes

D. Nerve B. satellite
678. Which is the biggest brain animal of all C. schwann
time in terms of body size?
D. astrocytes
A. Shrews (tiny rat)
B. Humans 684. How many senses does the body have
C. Monkeys A. 5
D. Ostrich fire chickens B. 3
679. Sight C. 4
A. I D. 2
B. II
685. The occipital lobe
C. III
A. Mainly deals with vision
D. IV
B. Mainly deals with conscious decisions
680. A 55-year old woman is diagnosed with
C. Mainly deals with speech
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and
reports symptoms of general weakness, D. Mainly deals with proprioception
muscle atrophy, and muscle twitching.
What type of nervous system dysfunction 686. How many pairs of cranial nerves are
is she likely experiencing? there?
A. Upper motor neuron dysfunction A. 10
B. Lower motor neuron dysfunction B. 11
C. Axon degeneration C. 12
D. Demyelination
D. 13
681. What is function of cerebellum?
687. how does the peripheral nervous system
A. controls balance work?
B. memory center
A. There are several parts of the body
C. conscious thought that are involved in this process such as
D. control hearth rate sweat glands
B. is responsible for the elimination of
682. Phagocytize bacterial cells and other de-
wastes produced by homeostasis.
bris.
A. microglia C. includes the brain and spinal cord.
B. astrocytes D. is to connect the CNS to the limbs and

organs, essentially serving as a relay be-
C. ependymal cells tween the brain and spinal cord and the
D. oligodendrocytes rest of the body.

688. Why do you shiver? B. occipital lobe

A. Because your warm C. parietal lobe
B. Because the nervous system senses D. cerebellum
the cold and shivers to maintain home- E. frontal Lobe
ostasis
C. Because your brain wants you to be 694. Which of the following is NOT a sense or-
cold gan?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above A. Nose
B. Eyes
689. What is the main control center of the
body that contains the brain and spinal C. Tongue/Mouth
cord? D. Hands
A. Peripheral nervous system 695. consists of the brain and spinal cord
B. Central nervous system A. afferent division
C. Autonomic nervous system B. autonomic nervous system
D. Somatic nervous system C. central nervous system
690. The blood-brain barrier is effective D. peripheral nervous system
against the passage of:
696. Which one of the following is the correct
A. water sequence in connective tissue sheaths, go-
B. alcohol ing from the outermost to innermost layer:
C. anesthetics A. Epineurium, Perineurium, En-
D. metabolic wastes such as urea doneurium
B. Perineurium, Epineurium, En-
691. Gland that produces insulin as well as doneurium
other chemicals needed for digestion
C. Endoneurium, Epineurium, Per-
A. pancreas ineurium
B. esophagus D. Epineurium, Endoneurium, Per-
C. large intestine ineurium
D. gall bladder 697. Which of the following is a cell found in
692. Branch of the nervous system that con- the central nervous system?
trols involuntary body functions A. schwann
A. dendrites B. oligodendrocytes
B. autonomic nerveous system C. satellite
C. somatic nervous system D. none of above
D. peripheral nervous system 698. This part controls your emotions and
693. What part of the brain controls your keeps your body at the right temperature.
sense of sight? A. thalamus
A. temporal lobe B. hemisphere

C. hypothalamus 704. extensions of a neuron through which im-

pulses are sent away from the cell body to
D. cerebrum
other neurons, glands or muscles

699. How many times do you need to see the A. nerve fibers
eye doctor a year? B. efferent nerves
A. 2 times C. axon, axon terminal
B. 1 time D. reflex
C. 10 times 705. Which one is NOT part of the central ner-
D. none of above vous system (CNS)?
A. brain
700. What is the largest part of the brain? B. spinal cord
A. Thalamus C. nerves
B. Cerebellum D. ganglia
C. Spinal Cord 706. Known as the “Little Brain” and is in
D. Cerebrum charge of balance and coordinating move-
ments of muscles and joints.
701. The autonomic nervous system is part of A. Thalamus
the
B. Reticular Formation
A. brain
C. Hypothalamus
B. peripheral nervous system D. Cerebellum
707. For the reflex arc, the processing of sen-
D. somatic nervous system sory information takes place in the:
A. Motor neuron
702. Medulla oblongata
B. Brain
A. Forebrain
C. Medulla Oblongata
B. Midbrain
D. Spinal cord
C. Hindbrain
708. Which is true about a neurotransmitter?
D. none of above
A. Receives soundwaves in our ears
703. A stroke in the primary motor area has B. Links synapses across neurons
caused Don to lose control over his skele- C. Shocks our neurons
tal muscles on the right side of his body.
D. Carries chloride across neurons
What lobe of his brain was damaged?
A. occipital lobe 709. The nervous system is made up of 2 com-
ponentes the central & peripheral nervous
B. temporal lobe system?
C. frontal lobe A. All of the above
D. parietal lobe B. Maybe

C. False 715. What type of neuroglial cell is found in

D. True the CNS and phagocytes bacteria and cel-
lular debris?
710. part of the nervous system that includes A. Microglial
the brain and spinal cord
B. Oligodendrocytes
A. somatic nervous system
C. Astrocytes
B. central nervous system
D. Ependyman
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. axons
D. receptors 716. Links brain with the rest of the body
A. Cerebellum
711. Which statement is true
B. Cerebrum
A. Neurons make up BOTH peripheral and
C. Spinal cord
central nervous systems
D. Pons
B. Your cerebellum is within your thala-
mus 717. The time period between the completion
C. your spinal cord doesn’t regulate re- of the action potential and repolarization
flexes A. Ploarized
D. none of above B. Depolarized
712. An average adult male brain weighs C. Repolarization
about D. Refractory Period
A. 1350 g
718. The correct direction of the neural impulse
B. 1250 g within one neuron.
C. 1400 g A. Axon Terminal to Dendrite
D. 1300 g B. Dendrite to Axon Terminal
713. how does the nervous system work? C. Cell Body to Axon
A. to provide the blood cells, tissues, and D. Axon Terminal to Cell Body
muscle failure
719. Myelinated fibers (tracts) form mat-
B. to provide oxygen to the body. ter while unmyelinated fibers form
C. The basic workings of the nervous sys- matter.
tem depend a lot on tiny cells called neu- A. sensory, motor
rons. B. gray, white
D. by happiness C. motor, sensory
714. Which part of the body is the “control D. white, gray
center”?
720. The brain controls body functions by
A. brain sending and receiving electrical signals
B. spinal cord through?
C. nerve endings A. a computer
D. vertebrae B. the five senses

C. the skin 726. Our receive messages and send them

D. nerves to the brain. The brain sends messages to
our body on how to respond.

721. areas of rough endoplasmic reticulum con- A. heart
centration in the cell body
B. lungs
A. axon
C. nerves
B. cell body
D. none of above
C. collateral axon
D. nissl bodies 727. Identify the 2 labels that could apply to
the nervous system response below. You
722. These three parts work together to make smash a fly with your hand.
up the Central Nervous System. They are
A. Motor
the , , and
B. Sensory
A. Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves
C. Autonomic
B. Heart, Lungs, Brain
C. Cerebrum, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebel- D. Somatic
lum
728. Which would be an example of a physical
D. none of above change brought on by stress?
723. Which is not a reflex action A. pupils constrict
A. Swallowing B. pounding heart

B. Coughing C. eating less
C. Knee jerk D. increased salivation
D. Closing of eyes on flashing light 729. What do we call the long “tail” like part
of the neuron, that is responsible for con-
724. Which type of neuron transmits a signal
tinuing the electrical signal?
from the central nervous system to an ef-
fector such as a muscle? A. Dendrite
A. sensory B. Soma
B. motor C. Axon
C. relay D. none of above
D. dendrite
730. When the spinal cord responds in an
725. A shallow groove located on the surface emergency to a stimulus before the brain,
of the cerebral cortex is called an: this is called a
A. sulcus A. response
B. fissure B. synapse
C. gyrus C. cerebral response
D. furrow D. reflex

731. Part of the brain that controls vital and C. medulla/spinal cord
involuntary processes.
D. none of above
A. cerebrum
B. cerebellum 737. What are the two parts of the nervous
system?
C. brain stem
A. The brain and spinal cord
D. spinal cord
B. The central nervous and peripheral
NARAYAN CHANGDER
732. A chemical that transmits nerve impulses nervous system
across synapses
C. The neurons and the dendrites
A. neuron
D. The cerebrum and the medulla
B. neurotransmitter
C. nerve 738. What controls the nervous system and all
decision-making?
D. action potential
A. Brain
733. Moves eyes laterally away from the nose
B. Spinal Cord
A. abducens
C. Nerves
B. facial
D. Neurons
C. trigeminal
D. accessory 739. The central nervous system helps to coor-
dinate
734. Who are the scientists who conducted
A. only brain activity
experiments on the frog spinal cord?
(Choose two correct answers) B. all body activities
A. Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci C. only brain and spinal activity
B. Stephen Hales Stephen Hales D. only electrical activity
C. Galen Galen
740. what are the 2 types of nerves?
D. Charles Darwin Charles Darwin
A. sensory nerves and motor nerves
735. OUR NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROLS EV- B. sensory nerves and circular nerves
ERYTHING WE DO
C. motor nerves and circular nerves
A. TRUE
D. circular nerves and octular nervs
B. FALSE
C. SOMETIMES 741. This part of the nervous system regulates
D. NOT SURE involuntary actions such as heart function,
blood pressure, breathing, digestion.
736. Which part of the brain controls invol- A. Autonomic Nervous System
untary movements such as digestion and
your heartbeat? B. Sensory Nervous System
A. cerebrum C. Motor Nervous System
B. cerebellum D. Peripheral Nervous System

742. Use of cerebro-spinal fluid D. speeds the heartbeat up

A. It protects the brain against E. contracts the pupils to improve close

shocks/jerks along with the meninges and vision
cranium.
B. Supplies food to the nervous system 748. What is the gap between two neurons
called?
C. Always protects the heart with the
help of Ribs A. Impulse
D. Protects the lungs from diseases B. Synapse
743. Which neurotransmitter is released in re- C. CNS
sponse to stress and trauma? D. Inter neuron
A. Acetylcholine
B. Endorphins 749. A loss of hearing could be associated with
which cranial nerve?
C. Serotonin
A. Olfactory
D. GABA
B. Trigeminal
744. Microglial cells help to?
C. Vestibulocochlear
A. phagocytize bacteria cells
B. provide structural support D. Accessory
C. produce myelin 750. The central sulcus separates which lobes:

D. none of above A. Frontal and Temporal Lobes
745. What are the neurons three parts? B. Temporal and Parietal Lobes
A. Reflex, neuron, and cerebrum C. Parietal and Occipital Lobes
B. Spinal cord, dendrite, and axon
D. Frontal and Parietal Lobes
C. Stimulus, synapse, and axon
D. Dendrites, cell body, and axon 751. Which Part of the autonomic nervous sys-
tem is responsible for Flight of Fight?
746. Moves the tongue
A. Parasympathetic
A. Trigeminal
B. Motor
B. Facial
C. Hypoglossal C. Sympathetic
D. Accessory D. Somatic
747. Select three actions that are carried out 752. All parts of the nervous system except
by the Parasympathetic System for the brain and spinal cord
A. slows the heartbeat down A. nerves
B. increases blood flow to the digestive B. neuron
tract to help digest food
C. dilates the pupils to improve distance
vision D. peripheral nervous system

753. Flap of skin that covers the opening to 759. The bony structure that protects the
the windpipe during swallowing brain.
A. Stomach A. Back bone
B. Pepsin B. Teeth
C. Pancreas C. Skull
D. Helmet
D. Epiglottis
760. What type of neuroglia cell is found in the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
754. Neurons that travel toward the central CNS and provides multiple layers of myelin
nervous system are called sheaths?
A. afferent neurons A. Microglial
B. efferent neurons B. Oligodendrocytes
C. exit neurons C. Astrocytes
D. CNS neurons D. Ependymal
755. What is released at the end of axons? 761. Lowest part of the brainstem
A. Pons
A. Carbohydrates
B. Midbrain
B. Lipids
C. Hypothalamus
C. Enzymes
D. Medulla oblongata
D. Neurotransmitters
762. Which type of neuron transmit messages
756. What is function of cerebrum? from sensory organs to the central ner-
vous system?
A. memory center
A. Sensory neurons
B. controls hearth rate
B. Interneurons
C. controls balance
C. Motor neurons
D. coordination D. none of above
757. What does the nervous system control? 763. Which part of the brain is responsible
A. thinking for:coughing, sneezing, vomiting?
B. moving A. pons
B. medulla
C. hearing
C. cerebrum
D. thinking, moving, and hearing
D. interbrain
758. This nervous system moves your skeletal
764. The part of the body containing all our
muscles
smell receptors is the:
A. Autonomic Nervous System A. olfactory epithelium
B. Sympathetic Nervous System B. mucus
C. Parasympathetic Nervous System C. olfactory tract
D. Somatic Nervous System D. amygdala

765. Which of the following substances is B. Chest

least able to cross the blood-brain bar-
C. Spinal Cord
rier?

D. Sensory and motor neurons
A. Water
E. Eyes
B. Sodium ions
C. Glucose 771. What carries impulses away from the cell
D. White blood cells body?
A. Dendrite
766. What neuroglial cell is found in the CNS
and forms membranes around the CNS? B. Medulla Oblongata
A. Microglial C. Axon
B. Oligodendrocytes D. Cerebellum
C. Astrocytes 772. Which one of these effectors is NOT di-
D. Ependymal rectly controlled by the ANS:
767. The third, innermost layer of the A. Cardiac muscle

meninges is called the B. Skeletal muscle
A. pia mater C. Abdominal organs
B. arachnoid mater D. Most glands
C. dura mater
773. Which two ions are most important in
D. epidural mater nerve conduction?
768. There are parts to the ear. A. sodium and potassium
A. 3 B. calcium and argon
B. 5 C. sodium and bromine
C. 8 D. potassium and oxygen
D. none of above
774. Which part of the neuron is the branches
769. What are the senses that the nervous that receive messages?
system receives messages from? (mark A. Cell body
all that apply)
B. Dendrites
A. Vision
C. Axon
B. Hearing
D. Myelin sheath
C. Smell
D. Taste 775. Consists of your brain and spinal cord
E. Touch A. medulla
B. cerebrum
770. What are the main parts of the Central
Nervous System? (select all that apply) C. central nervous system
A. Brain D. peripheral nervous system

776. Which statements is NOT true for mela- 781. Which is the correct nerve pathway?
tonin? A. dendrite > axon > cell body >
A. hormone secreted by pineal gland synapse > dendrite
B. pigment that gives the colour of the B. dendrite > cell body > axon >
skin synapse > dendrite
C. regulates circadian rhythm C. axon > cell body > dendrite >
synapse > axon
D. stimulated by darkness
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. axon > cell body > dendrite >
777. Function of peripheral nervous system synapse > axon
A. controls all voluntary actions of the
782. Which parts of the body make up the
body
CNS?
B. to transmit impulses from the sensory A. brain and spinal cord
organ through central nervous system to
the effector to respond accordingly B. brain and vertabrea
C. controls the reflex actions C. just the spinal cord
D. none of above D. just the brain
778. What type of neuron is found in the eyes, 783. Long fiber with branched end is?
ears and nose? A. Cell body
A. unipolar B. Dendrite
B. multipolar C. Axon
C. bipolar D. Axon terminal
D. tripolar 784. The part of the neuron that takes infor-
mation away from the cell body toward
779. Neurons that travel only from the brain
the terminals is called a(n)
to the body are called
A. dendrite
A. motor neurons
B. axon
B. inteneurons
C. cell body
C. sensory neurons
D. Schwann cell
D. none of above
785. What protects the organs of the central
780. this part of the brain controls basic nervous system?
body functions like breathing, swallowing,
heart rate, blood pressure, and conscious- A. Fluid
ness B. Bone
A. cerebrum C. Air
B. cerebrum D. Blood
C. brain stem
786. this part of the brain contains the info
D. brain that makes us who we are:intelligence,

personality, emotion, speech, and ability C. Breaks up food

to feel and and move D. Secrete hormones.

A. brain stem
792. What are the TWO major divisions of the
B. cerebellum
nervous system
C. cerebrum
D. spinal cord
B. Sensory Nervous System
787. Which type of neuron causes a muscle to C. Peripheral Nervous System
contract in a reflex arc?
D. Involuntary Nervous System
A. Motor Neuron
B. Sensory Neuron 793. The spinal cord is an extension of the
C. Interneuron A. peripheral nervous system
D. Effector B. cerebellum
788. The two main divisions of the Nervous C. brain stem

System are: D. cerebrum
A. Central Nervous System (CNS)
794. The part of the neuron that receives mes-
B. Outer Division (OD) sages from other neurons
C. Mid-Level Nervous System (MLNS) A. axon
D. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) B. dendrite
E. Long Division C. cell body
789. An automatic subconscious response to a D. Schwann cell
stimulus is called a
795. Part of the PNS that controls cardiac,
A. potassium pump
smooth muscles and glands
B. all or none response
A. Autonomic
C. rapid fire response
B. Somatic
D. reflex
C. Sensory
790. What is considered the command center D. none of above
of the nervous system?
A. Neurons 796. what is the central nervous system?
B. Heart A. your spinal cord is connected to the
central nervous system.
C. Spinal Cord
B. the complex of nerve tissues that con-
D. Brain
trols the activities of the body. In verte-
791. What does the nervous system do? brates it comprises the brain and spinal
cord.
A. Pumps blood from your heart to your
body C. the complex includes all the nerves
B. Carries messages back and forth be- outside of the central nervous system.
tween your brain and the rest of your body D. none of above

797. Nerves that originate in the brain. C. Dendrites

A. Cranial nerves D. Neuroglia
B. Spinal nerves
803. What part of the brain interprets im-
C. Vagus nerve pulses from the senses?
D. Peripheral nerves A. midbrain
798. Axons are part of a neuron that send elec- B. cerebrum
NARAYAN CHANGDER
trical signals the cell body C. cerebellum
A. to D. brainstem
B. away from
804. Anything that causes your brain to react
C. in between
is called an
D. none of above
A. Stimulus
799. What are the main organs of the Central B. Action
Nervous System?
C. Impulse
A. Brain & Chest
D. Axon
C. Brain & Spinal Cord 805. The is made of all the nerves that
spread out from the brain and spinal cord.
D. Heart & Brain
A. peripheral nervous system
800. Somatic motions are motions that we
B. average nervous system
A. control voluntarily
B. have little control over
D. linear nervous system
C. have no control over
D. don’t actually do 806. How much energy does the brain use in
Total energy produced by the body? How
801. Which one of the following is the cor- much energy does the brain use in the total
rect sequence of events:1) Interpretation energy produced by the body?
(CNS)2) Sensory input (PNS)3) Motor out-
A. 20%
put (PNS)4) Sorting (CNS)
B. 2%
A. 3, 2, 4, 1
B. 2, 1, 4, 3 C. 50%
C. 2, 1, 3, 4 D. 80%
D. 1, 2, 4, 3 807. The part of the neuron that takes in and

E. 4, 1, 3, 2 receives messages is called the
A. dendrite
802. What is the name of cells that support
the cells that send information? B. nucleus
A. Neurons C. axon
B. Axons D. synapse

808. The Nervous System: 813. Which one of the followings can be com-
A. sends signals to muscles and organs pared with the processing unit of a com-
puter?

B. runs a food truck business
C. interprets information
D. receives sensory data B. Both CNS and PNS
E. goes on a mini-vacation three times a C. Peripheral Nervous System
week
D. ENS
809. Which of the following is NOT a function
of the hypothalamus? 814. We use this organ to smell things.
A. controls hunger/thirst A. Ears
B. regulates body temperature
B. nose
C. controls coughing, swallowing, etc.,
reflexes C. Mouth
D. controls the pituitary gland D. Toes
810. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) con- 815. The part of the neuron that insulates the
sists of all nerve tissue located axon and increases the speed of the neural
A. in the brain and spinal cord message within the neuron.
B. in the brain only A. Synapse
C. in the spinal cord only
B. Dendrite
D. outside of the brain and spinal cord
C. Myelin Sheath
811. The major role of the interneuron (associ-
ation neuron) is to D. Axon Terminal Button
A. carry information from the central ner- 816. Myelin is a lipid insulation produced by
vous system to muscles and/or the vis- the
cera
B. form a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell A. astrocytes
membrane on the outside of axons B. ependymal cells
C. transmit nerve impulses from the skin
C. microglia
and organs to the central nervous system
D. connect motor and sensory neurons in D. oligodendrocytes
their pathways
817. The 3 organs that make up the nervous
812. The subarachnoid space lies directly be- system.
tween:
A. lungs, brain, skin
A. Arachnoid mater and Pia mater
B. brain, spinal cord, nerves
B. Skull and Arachnoid mater
C. Arachnoid mater and Dura mater C. medulla, dendrites, axons
D. Arachnoid mater and Cerebrum D. cell body, axon endings, nucleus

818. Which term matches the following defi- 823. Which part of the neuron is a long fiber
nition.Definition:consists of the brain and that send information to other cells?
spinal cord. It’s sometimes called the “co- A. dendrite
ordinator” because it makes sense of the
messages it receives from the sense or- B. terminal
gans and co-ordinates responses by the C. cell body
muscles and glands. D. axon
824. Which part of a neuron receives informa-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Peripheral Nervous System tion from other neurons?
C. Neurons A. axon
D. none of above B. dendrites
819. What bone protects your brain? C. myelin sheath
A. Skull D. synapse
B. Cerebellum 825. What is another name for the central ner-
C. Cerebrum vous system?
D. Deltoids A. CBS
820. Parts of the Nervous System include: B. ABC
A. nerves C. CNS
B. lungs D. SNS
C. brain 826. Those who told us two thousand years

D. spinal cord ago that the brain is the center of control
E. heart A. Greeks
B. Egyptians
821. The brain weighs approximately
C. Mesapatomians
A. 1400g
D. Indians
B. 1300g
C. 400g 827. How long does all the signaling through
the sensory pathway, within the central
D. 1000g nervous system, and through the motor
822. Amy was in an automobile accident. Her command pathway take?
spinal cord was severed and she sustained A. 1 to 2 minutes
damage to her brain. The medical staff B. 1 to 2 seconds
at the trauma center understands that this
substance might leak into surrounding tis- C. fraction of a second
sues. What is the substance? D. varies with graded potential
A. Cerebral aqueduct 828. Inside of a cell membrane more nega-
B. Cerebrospinal fluid tively charge that the outside
C. Choroid plexus A. Ploarized
D. Corpus callosum B. Depolarized

C. Repolarization 834. Which nervous system contains sensory

D. Refractory Period and motor neurons that carry information
between the central nervous system and

829. What type of cell is found in the PNS that the rest of the body?
regulates and stabilizes the cells environ- A. Autonomic Nervous System
ment? B. Somatic Nervous System
A. Astrocytes C. Peripheral Nervous System
B. Schwann D. Central Nervous System
C. Satellite 835. What does the peripheral nervous sys-
D. Ependymal tem do?
A. Help you learn new facts
830. Select the parts of the Central nervous
system. B. Help nerve impulses move
A. Brain C. Controls balance and coordination
B. Spinal cord D. Delivers messages from the Central

Nervous system to body
C. motor nerves
836. If I step on a nail, what type of neurons
D. sensory nerves take the response from the CNS TO an ef-
fector?
831. The major types of cells found in the ner-
vous system A. motor neurons
A. Neurons and chondrocytes B. interneurons
B. Sarcomeres and osteoblasts C. sensory neurons
C. Dendrites and axons D. not neurons, muscle tissue sends the

response
D. Neuroglia and neurons
837. The opening at the center of the eye
832. Which part of the neuron is a fatty layer (black in color) is called this.
that insulates the axon and sometimes a A. pupil
dendrite?
B. lungs
A. Cell body
C. radius
B. Dendrites D. none of above
C. Axon
838. What is a reflex?
D. Myelin sheath
A. When you gets scared
833. The part of the neuron that receives B. A reflex, or reflex action, is an involun-
nerve impulses. tary and nearly instantaneous movement
A. axon in response to a stimulus.
C. is when you talk or when someone
B. dendrite
wants to play with you
C. cell body D. automatic response to your spinal
D. axon terminus cord.

839. the heart would be classified under this C. neurons

nervous system response. D. fibroblasts
A. somatic
845. What are the three components of the
B. autonomic nervous system?
C. cerebral A. Arteries, Veins, Capillaries
D. sensory B. Heart, Blood vessels, Blood
840. Which nervous system contains motor
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves
and sensory neurons? D. Nose, Trachea, Lungs
846. What structural group of neurons make
B. peripheral nervous system up 99% of the neurons in the body?
C. sympathetic nervous system A. unipolar
D. sensory B. multipolar
841. Which cells provide structural support C. bipolar
and help regulate nutrients and ions in tis- D. tripolar
sue?
A. Astrocytes 847. At the end of an axon we find?
B. Ependymal A. Action
C. Oligodendrocytes B. Dendrites
D. Schwann cells C. Axon terminals

D. Synapse
842. WHICH ONE DO WE USE TO MAKE US DO
THINGS? 848. insulating layer of cells around an axon
A. CONSCIOUS A. axon
B. SUBCONSIOUS B. myelin sheath
C. UNCONSIOUS C. collateral axon
D. NOT SURE D. dendrite
843. Without the nervous system, you 849. The space between an axon of a neuron
couldn’t: that is communicating with a dendrite of
A. walk another neuron is called a
B. breathe A. Neuron
C. think B. Brain message
D. all of the above C. Stimulus

D. Synapse
844. The cells that support nervous tissue func-
tion and form about 90% of the substance 850. What is the largest part of the nervous
of the brain are called system?
A. neuroglia A. brain
B. schwann cells B. central nervous system

C. peripheral nervous system 856. The second largest part of the brain
D. spinal cord A. Medulla oblongata

B. Cerebellum
851. Which of the following is a cell found in
C. Pons
the peripheral nervous system?
D. Cerebrum
A. Schwann
857. The blood-brain barrier is effective
B. microgila
against the passage of
C. astrocytes A. water
D. none of above B. nutrients such as glucose
852. Which of these make up the Central Ner- C. fats

vous System? D. metabolic waste such as urea
A. Cerebrum and Cerebellum 858. The nervous system can be affected by
?
B. Brain
A. Infections
C. Brain and Spinal Cord
B. Diseases
D. Brain, Spinal cord and Cranial and
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
Spinal nerves
D. Physical injuries
853. the neurons responsible for carrying in-
859. Which part of the brain is surrounded by
formation from any part of the body to
meninges?
the central nervous system is known by
the name of A. cerebrum
A. motor neurons B. cerebellum
C. midbrain
B. sensory neurons
D. interbrain
C. efferent neurons
860. What part of the brain is responsible for
D. afferent neurons
controlling intelligence, memory, language,
and muscles?
854. PNS full name
A. pons
A. Perpendicular nervous system
B. Peripheral nervous system
C. cerebellum
C. Perpendicular neurone system D. cerebrum
D. Peripheral neurone system
861. Liz has trouble with appetite control,
855. What are the two main parts of the CNS? temperature regulation, and her weight.
Which area of the brain is affected?
A. heart and brain
A. Brain stem
B. brain and spinal cord B. Cerebellum
C. brain and muscles C. Cerebrum
D. stomach and brain D. Hypothalamus

862. Which of these are controlled by somatic 868. send signals away from neurons
(voluntary) nervous system? whereas receive signals from other
A. Running neurons.
B. Heart rate A. dendrites; axons
C. Breathing rate B. axons; dendrites
D. digestion C. synapses; dendrites
863. Cerebellum D. axons; synapses
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Coordinates actions of muscles and
869. Choose two correct answers
controls balance
B. Controls body’s reflex A. The gray matter is usually present
on the periphery while white matter is
C. Controls movement present towards the center in the brain If
D. Controls speech and senses the gray matter is towards the periphery
of the brain the white matter is towards
864. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves are part the center
of the:
B. The gray matter is usually present
A. autonomic nervous system.
on the periphery while white matter is
B. central nervous system. present towards the center in the spinal
C. cranial nerves. cord If the gray matter is towards the pe-
D. peripheral nervous system. riphery then the white matter is towards
the center
865. In contrast to the somatic nervous sys- C. The white matter is usually present on
tem, the autonomic nervous system: the periphery while gray matter is present
A. Has two motor neurons towards the center in the brain If the
B. Has both afferent and efferent fibers white matter is towards the periphery of
the brain then the gray matter is towards
C. Has centers in the brain and spinal
the center
cord
D. Has two afferent neurons D. The white matter is usually present
on the periphery while gray matter is
866. Your spinal cord is located in your present towards the center in the spinal
A. stomach cord whereas the gray matter is present
towards the center in the spinal cord.
B. heart
C. spine 870. What part of the brain controls you move-
D. none of above ment, sense of touch, taste, and tempera-
ture?
867. A chemical produced by neurons that car-
A. temporal lobe
ries messages to other neurons
A. myelin sheath B. occipital lobe
B. neurotransmitter C. parietal lobe

C. axon D. cerebellum
D. axon terminal E. frontal Lobe

871. This releases neurotransmitters which B. Cerebellum

are sent into the synapse for receptors on
C. Medulla
the post-synaptic neuron to receive

D. none of above
A. dendrite
B. axon terminal 877. What are the two types of the Peripheral
C. Scwann cells Nervous System?
D. myelin A. Automatic, Somatic

B. Peripheral, Central
872. What is the brainstem’s main function?
C. Nervous System, Digestive System
A. Remembering faces
D. None of these
B. Breathing & heartbeat
C. Muscle coordination 878. Somatic nerves send information from
D. Speech our to the central nervous system.
A. bones
873. The division of the Autonomic Nervous
System that prepares the body for “fight B. heart
or flight”. C. muscles
A. sympathetic D. senses
B. parasympathetic
879. long cell processes from the cell body;
C. somatic
conducts action potentials
D. central
A. axon
874. Which of the TWO nervous systems con- B. cell body
tains motor and sensory neurons?
C. collateral axon
D. dendrite
B. peripheral
C. motor 880. The nose, eyes, skin, tongue, and ears
are
D. sensory
A. Nerves/neurons
875. Which type of neuron transmit messages
from sensory neurons to motor neurons. B. Sensory organs
A. Sensory neurons C. Stimulus

B. Interneurons D. sensory receptors
C. Motor neurons E. Spinal cord
D. none of above 881. Nerves that originate in the spinal cord.
876. The is the largest part of the brain. A. Central Nervous System
It is in charge of language, speech, 5
B. Spinal Nerves
senses, problem solving, movement, and
thoughts. C. Cranial Nerves
A. Cerebrum D. Nervous Nerves

882. Which of the following is the pathway of 887. These carry signals from tissues and or-
an impulse through a reflex arc? gans to the brain and spinal cord
A. receptor → sensory neuron → in- A. Sensory Neurons
terneuron → motor neuron → effector B. Motor Neurons
B. receptor → motor neuron → interneu- C. Efferent Neurons
ron → sensory neuron → effector D. Glial Cells
C. effector → motor neuron → sensory
888. The portion of the nervous system that is
NARAYAN CHANGDER
neuron → interneuron → receptor
considered involuntary is the
D. effector → sensory neuron → in- A. Central nervous system
terneuron → motor neuron → receptor
B. Sensory nervous system
883. Which one of these is controlled by the C. Autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system?
D. Motor nervous system
A. Movement
889. The Fight, flight or freeze response is as-
B. Sight sociated with which nervous system?
C. Hearing A. Sympathetic
D. Digestion B. Parasympathetic
C. Central
884. The part of the neuron that takes infor-
mation away from the cell body is called D. Somatic
a(n) 890. Where the message transfers from one
A. dendrite neuron to another
B. axon A. myelin sheath

B. Central nervous system
C. cell body
C. Synapse
D. Schwann cell
D. Somatic Nervous Axon
885. Which type of neurons make up the CNS? 891. Where in your body can you find nerve
A. motor neurons cells?
B. interneurons A. brain
C. sensory neurons B. spinal cord

C. neurons
D. neurotransmitters
D. everywhere
886. Which is the correct sequence in the trans-
892. A simple rapid involuntary program re-
mission of a neural impulse?
sponse to a stimuli is a
A. axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse
A. Stimuli Response
B. dendrite, axon, cell body, synapse B. Reflex
C. synapse, axon, dendrite, cell body C. Neural Arc Response
D. dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse D. none of above

893. What does CNS stand for? 899. transmits action potentials from sensory
A. Complex Nerve Stem organs to CNS

B. Computational Nerves System A. afferent division
B. autonomic nervous system
C. Complex Nervous System
D. Central Nervous System
894. Which branch of the nervous system con-
tains the brain and spinal cord? 900. What are ganglia?
A. PNS A. clusters of nerve cells
B. ANS B. long extension of nerve cell
C. SNS C. short extensions of nerve cell
D. CNS D. sensory receptors
895. Which animal is a nocturnal animal? 901. NERVES ARE MADE UP OF
A. rodents, owls A. METAL
B. rabbits, squirrels B. PLASTIC

C. NEURONS
C. hawks, eagles
D. NERVES
D. horses, cattles
902. What is the difference between a reac-
896. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that
tion and a reflex
helps regulate:
A. Reflexes involve only the brain while
A. learning and memory
reactions involve brain & spinal cord
B. pain and pleasure
B. Reflexes involve only the spinal cord
C. muscle movements while reactions involve only the brain
D. sleep, moods/emotions C. Reflexes involve only the spinal cord
while reactions involve brain & spinal cord
897. Carries messages throughout the ner-
vous system D. Reflexes involve the brain & spinal
cord while reactions involve only the
A. Neurons spinal cord
B. Dendrites
903. these nerves carry information to the
C. Axons CNS
D. Nodes A. efferent nerves
898. Which of the following conditions is B. bones
strongly related to the CNS? C. dendrites
A. Crohn’s disease D. afferent nerves
B. covid-19 904. Which ions are involved in an action po-
C. motor neuron disease tential?
D. heart disease A. Na; Cl

B. Na; K 910. Which animals were the first to develop

C. K; Cl a nerv net ( like a nervous system)?
D. Na; Ca A. insects
B. jellyfish
905. nerves that originate from brain are
C. sponges
called
D. octopus
A. Cranial nerves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Spinal nerves 911. The system of the body that carries infor-
mation to all parts of the body.
C. afferent nerves
A. Nervous system
D. none of above
B. Spinal Cord
906. A sudden change in the polarity of the
C. Neuron
membrane of a neuron, gland cell, or mus-
cle fiber that causes the transmission of D. Brain
electrical impulses
912. Which system do we associate with the
A. Action potential sentence “Fight or flight”?
B. Membrane potential A. CNS
C. Resting potential B. ANS (Autonomic)
D. Threshold C. PNS
907. usually receives information and trans- D. SNS (Sympathetic)

mits it to the cell body 913. Which of the following processes is gov-
A. axon erned by the autonomic nervous system?
B. cell body A. writing
C. collateral axon B. chewing
D. dendrite C. running
D. digesting food
908. nerves control our muscles and allow
for movement. 914. Which of the following is NOT a fact
A. sensory about nerves?
B. motor A. Nerves are transmitted by electrical
signals
C. autonomic
B. Nerves are extremely small
D. none of above
C. Nerves are only found in certain parts
909. Which part of the brain controls all invol- of our body
untary actions?
D. Nerves carry messages to and from
A. brain stem the Central Nervous System
B. cerebrum 915. system in which most neurons control vol-
C. cerebellum untary movements
D. none of above A. CNS

B. somatic nervous system 921. Trey has symptoms of severe headache,

C. homeostasis nausea and vomiting. At the doctor’s of-
fice, Trey had a lumbar puncture. His doc-

D. neuron tor is concerned about which disorder?
916. What is the colored part of the eye A. Cerebral palsy
called?
B. Epilepsy
A. Iris
C. Hydrocephalus
B. Optic Nerve
D. Meningitis
C. Cornea
922. What part of the brain controls taste?
D. Rods and Cones
A. cerebrum
917. The brain and spinal cord are protected
B. cerebellum
and cushioned by three connective tissue
membranes that are collectively called C. brain stem
A. ventricles D. spinal cord
B. arachnoid villi 923. The impulse changes to as it moves
C. meninges ACROSS the synapse to other neurons.
D. sinuses A. electrical
B. chemical
918. An average adult female brain weighs
about C. it stays the same
A. 1350 g D. liquid
B. 1250 g 924. The back part of the brain is called?
C. 1400 g A. Cerebellum
D. 1300 g B. Cerebrum
919. β -waves of the EEG:- C. CNS
A. are observed during relaxed wakeful D. Cerebral Cortex
state
925. These neurons carry signals from tissues
B. are faster than α -waves but slower and organs to the brain and spinal cord
than theta waves
A. Sensory Neurons
C. disappear when the person becomes
alert B. Motor Neurons
D. are observed during REM sleep C. Efferent Neurons

D. Glial Cells
920. A nerve cell that is specialized to trans-
fer messages in the form of fast moving 926. When you touch something hot, what is
electrical energy the path of the message?
A. neuron A. brain, nerve, spinal cord
B. brain B. nerve, spinal cord, brain
C. medulla C. spinal cord, nerve, brain
D. cerebellum D. brain, spinal cord, nerve

927. The nervous system is responsible for 933. What are the three parts of the nervous
in the body. system?
A. movement A. brain, spinal cord, nerves
B. support B. brain, lungs, spinal cord
C. intellegence C. heart, brain, nerves
D. controlling and coordinating activities D. brain, nerves, neurons
934. What is a stimulus?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
928. What is the example of effector?
A. A major organ in the brain that is a part
A. muscle
of the nervous system.
B. gland B. What your body does to a change or a
C. both signal.
D. none of above C. A change or a signal your body re-
ceives.
929. About how much does the brain weigh?
D. none of above
A. 2 pounds
935. Peripheral Nervous System includes
B. 3 pounds
A. Brain
C. 4 pounds
B. Spinal Cord
D. 8 pounds
C. All Parts of the nervous system out-
930. When are neuron connections called sides of the brain and spinal cord
“synapses” made? D. none of above
A. when you are born 936. Links the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
B. when you learn a new skill A. Medulla oblongata
C. when you become an adult B. Pons
D. when you play outside C. Midbrain
D. Thalamus
931. What are the three main functions of the
nervous system? 937. this part of the brain gives us balance and
A. Gathering information coordination of muscles and body
B. Maintaining homeostasis A. cerebellum
C. Eating B. cerebrum
C. brain stem
D. Responding to stimuli
D. spinal cord
E. A synapse
938. Dendrites are part of a neuron that car-
932. Allows you to swallow your food ries electrical signals the cell body.
A. Trigeminal A. to
B. Facial B. away
C. Glossopharyngeal C. in between
D. Hypoglossal D. none of above

939. Controls automatic functions like breath- B. bipolar

ing, heart rate, body temperature, wake
C. multipolar
and sleep cycles, etc.

A. cerebrum D. none of above
B. cerebellum 945. The basic parts of the brainstem are the:

C. basal ganglia A. Basal nuclei, pineal body, & choroid
D. brainstem plexus
940. The part of the brain that controls mem- B. Thalamus, Hypothalamus, & Epithala-
ory, language, and thoughts is the ? mus
A. Cerebellum C. Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, & Pia
mater
B. Cerebrum
C. Brain stem D. Midbrain, Pods, and Medulla Oblon-
gata
D. Spinal cord
946. What are the main parts of the Central
941. Messages move from one to another
Nervous System?
along threadlike branches.
A. neuron A. Brain & Chest
B. vein B. Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

C. artery C. Brain & Spinal Cord
D. none of above D. Heart & Brain
942. The thalamus is located where? 947. A sensory neuron has the following role:
A. In the hypothalamus
A. To carry messages from the CNS to ef-
B. In the pituitary gland fectors
C. In the lungs B. To carry messages between neurons
D. none of above and the CNS
943. What is “stimuli”? C. To carry messages from receptors to

the CNS
A. A major organ in the brain that is a part
of the nervous system. D. None of the above
B. What your body does to a change or a 948. All electrical signals are sent along this
signal. highway between the brain and whatever
C. A change or a signal your body re- area that is communicating with the brain
ceives.
A. Nerves/neurons
D. none of above
B. Sensory organs
944. Which type of neuron has two extensions C. Bones
and is found in specialized parts of the
eyes, nose and ears? D. receptors
A. unipolar E. Spinal cord

1.5 Endocrinology 196
949. What are the two main divisions of the 951. THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS
Peripheral Nervous System? (select all ACTIVATED WHEN WE SOMETHING
that apply) A. SMELL
A. Somatic
B. TASTE
B. Autonomic
C. THINK
C. Parasympathetic
D. SEE
D. Sympathetic
NARAYAN CHANGDER
950. The nervous system is like a for your 952. What are the 3 mains parts of the Ner-
body. vous System
A. computer A. Brain, heart, blood vessels

B. washing machine B. Blood Vessels, spinal cord, blood
C. blender C. Brain, Spinal Cord, Neurons
D. none of above D. Heart, blood vessels, and blood
1.5 Endocrinology
1. Minimum daily requirement of Iodine in the A. Positive Feedback
diet B. Negative Feedback
A. 75 mcg
C. Homeostasis
B. 15 mg
D. Targeted Cells
C. 15 mcg
D. 15 g 5. Which gland secretes insulin?
A. Pancreas
2. The chemical product of an endocrine
gland. B. Ovaries
A. Homeostasis C. Pituitary
B. Hormone D. Thymus
C. Nerve Cell 6. Feedback loops are important because
D. Neurotransmitter they allow organisms and the environment
to
3. Screening test for growth hormone defi-
ciency A. change based on new inputs
A. Physical activity test/Exercise B. fall apart

B. Insulin Tolerance Test C. change based on new outputs
C. Arginine stimulation test D. maintain balance
D. 24 hour serum GH levels 7. If the environment gets cold, we will often
4. The process by which an organism’s inter- shiver in order to:
nal environment is kept stable in spite of A. keep body temperature the same as
changes in the external environment. the external temperature

B. decrease body temperature 13. The “master gland” of the endocrine sys-
tem, a gland that controls many body ac-
C. increase body temperature
tivities.

D. regulate blood pressure
A. hormone
8. Transthyretin is also called as B. pituitary gland
A. Pre Albumin C. hypothalamus
B. Thyroxine binding globulin D. adrenal gland
C. Albumin 14. Major stimulus of growth hormone secre-

tion
D. Ceruloplasmin
A. Sleep
9. Process wherein tyrosine residues are iod- B. Somatostatin
inated by iodine
C. Fasting and High protein diet
A. Organification D. Levodopa
B. Iodide trapping
15. Peripheral monodeiodination of T4 pro-
C. Deiodinization duces how much additional T3?
D. Iodinizarion A. 25 mg
B. 25 mcg
10. Secreted in the neurons and released into
extracellular space; binds to receptor in C. 15 mg
nearby cell and affects its function. D. 5 mcg
A. Neuroendocrine 16. Which of the following produces Calci-
B. Endocrine tonin?
C. Exocrine A. Parafollicular cells
D. Neurocrine B. Colloid
C. Parathyroid gland
11. Confirmatory test for Acromegaly
D. Pendrin
A. Glucose Suppression Test
17. Insulin causes
B. Arginine Stimulation Test
A. a decrease in the concentration of
C. Insulin Tolerance Test blood glucose
D. Serum IGF 1 levels B. a decrease in the permeability of cell
membranes to glucose
12. What hormone is responsible for the
C. an increase in the production of glu-
“fight or flight” response?
cose from glycogen
A. Testosterone D. a release of adrenaline into the body
B. Cortisol
18. The purpose of the endocrine system is to
C. Adrenaline
A. maintain homeostasis by reacting
D. Parathyroid Hormone quickly to stimuli

B. produce substances that protect the 24. They are water insoluble (hydrophobic)
body from bacteria and circulate bound to a carrier protein
C. maintain metabolism, growth and de- A. Steroids
velopment in homeostasis
B. Amines
D. transport molecules throughout the
body C. Peptides and Proteins
19. Which of the following inactivates thyroid D. None of the above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
hormone?
25. What does melatonin do?
A. D1
B. D2 A. Raises our blood sugar
C. D3 B. Regulates our blood pressure

D. D4 C. Regulates our metabolism
20. Conversion of T4 to T3 takes mainly in the D. Regulates our sleep cycle
liver and
A. Kidneys 26. Secreted in endocrine cells and remains in
relation to plasma membrane; acts on im-
B. Placenta mediately adjacent cell by direct cell-to-
C. Peripheral adipose tissues cell contact
D. Gastrointestinal lining A. Juxtacrine
21. Synthesized and stored within the cell in B. Endocrine
the form of secretory granules and are
C. Paracrine
cleaved as needed
A. Peptides and Proteins D. Exocrine
B. Amines
27. The major constituent of colloid is the large
C. Steroids glycoprotein called
D. None of the above A. Thyroglobulin
22. Amount of T4 the thyroid secrete per day B. Albumin
A. 80 mg C. Thyroxine binding globulin
B. 80 mcg
D. Thyrpoeroxidase
C. 5 mg
D. 5 mcg 28. Lack of thyroid hormone during develop-
ment results in short stature and mental
23. Are lipid molecules that have cholesterol deficits
as a common precursor
A. Cretinism
A. Steroids
B. Amines B. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
C. Peptides and Proteins C. Thyroid Storm

D. none of above D. Acromegaly

1.6 Reproduction 199
29. The basal membrane of the thyroid cell has 32. Secreted in one location and release into
the specific ability to pump the iodide ac- blood circulation; binds to specific receptor
tively to the interior of the cell to elicit physiological response

A. Iodide trapping A. Endocrine
B. Iodine trapping B. Paracrine
C. Iodinization C. Exocrine
D. Deiodinization D. Juxtacrine
30. In what scenario might your body release 33. The pituitary gland is most similar to:
adrenaline?
A. a worker in a factory
A. when you’re waking up from a long
night’s sleep B. a mail carrier
B. when there isn’t enough calcium in C. the boss of a big office
your bloodstream D. a security guard
C. when you’re threatened by a school-
34. This part of the brain that links the ner-
yard bully
vous system and the endocrine system.
D. when you’ve had too much to eat
A. Pancreas
31. What is the main function of the endocrine B. Hypothalamus
system?
C. Pituitary gland
A. it creates chemicals that are sent
around the body to maintain homeostasis D. Pineal gland
B. it creates electrical messages that are 35. Gold standard for diagnosing Growth Hor-
sent around the body to maintain home- mone deficiency
ostasis
A. Insulin Tolerance Test
C. it maintains the correct level of oxygen
B. Arginine Stimulation Test
in the body to maintain homeostasis
D. it releases waste from the body to C. Physical Activity Test
maintain homeostasis D. 75 g OGTT
1.6 Reproduction
1. Which is the correct order of human devel- A. the presence of testosterone regulat-
opment? ing gamete production in a male
A. fetus, embryo, zygote B. estrogen in concentrations that would
produce sperm in a female
B. zygote, embryo, fetus
C. a high progesterone level in a male
C. embryo, fetus, zygote
D. a low insulin level in either a male or a
D. zygote, fetus, embryo female
2. Which situation would be part of the nor- 3. a fertilized egg during the first two
mal reproductive cycle of a human? months of pregnancy is called

A. fetus 9. The structure that makes nutrients most di-

B. infant rectly available to a human embryo is the
C. newborn A. gamete
D. embryo B. ovary
C. stomach
4. The reproductive organs that produce ova
and hormones D. placenta
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. cervix 10. Hormone produced by the ovaries and
B. vagina stimulates the development of feminine
characteristics
C. ovaries
A. Testosterone
D. none of above
B. Sperm
5. What is the structure in the womb that fil- C. Egg
ters nutrients and waste between mother
D. Estrogen
and baby?
A. umbilical cord 11. Which of the following is not a hormonal
contraceptive
B. placenta
A. Intrauterine device (coil)
C. amniotic sac
B. Spermicide jelly
D. uterus
C. Implant
6. During reproduction, what are passed
D. Pill
down from parents to their young?
A. Behaviours 12. Where do the egg and sperm meet?
B. Blood A. The ovary
C. Characteristics B. The fallopian tube / oviduct
D. Thumbprint C. The vas deferens
D. The uterus
7. The urethra in the male person has a:
A. reproductive function 13. Which of the following correctly describes
sexual reproduction in humans?
B. excretory function
A. Fertilisation of the egg takes place in-
C. excretory and reproductive function side the male’s body.
D. reproductive and hormone function B. Many eggs are fertilised by one sperm.
8. Where specifically is the source of estro- C. The fertilised egg develops in the stom-
gen during days 15-24 of the menstrual ach.
cycle? D. Fertilisation occurs when a sperm and
A. Ovarian follicle an egg fuse.
B. Oviduct glands 14. Which characteristics are unique to hu-
C. Ovarian corpus luteum mans?
D. Ovarian gland A. fingerprint

B. type of earlobes A. It is where differentiation begins

C. dimples B. mitosis speeds up during this stage.

D. height C. Meiosis occurs for the first time at this
point.
15. In humans, the oocyte is maintained in a
D. It is when fertilization occurs.
state of meiotic arrest by secretion of
A. Granulosa cells 20. At ovulation, which hormone is released?
B. Zona pellucida A. oestrogen
C. Cumulus oophorus B. progesterone
D. Theca C. FSH
D. LH
16. At birth, the ovaries of a girl contain
oocytes that have stopped at which stage 21. Monthly occurence in which an egg is re-
of meiosis? leased into the uterus to be prepared for
A. prophase I fertilized. If not fertilized, the lining of
uterus is shed
B. metaphase II
A. Estrogen
C. metaphase I
B. Menstrual Cycle
D. prophase II
C. Uterus
E. anaphase I
D. Vagina
17. What would be the result of cutting both
the sperm ducts in a male animal? 22. The skin cells of an animal contain 8 chro-
mosomes. How many chromosomes will
A. Male sex hormones would no longer be present in each of the gametes pro-
circulate in the blood. duced by this animal?
B. The animal would be unable to pass A. 16
urine.
B. 8
C. The animal would be unable to develop
C. 4
sperms.
D. 2
D. The animal would become sterile.
23. The time in a woman’s life when menstru-
18. A sperm is produced by the
ation usually no longer occurs
A. testes in the female body
A. Late 50s
B. ovaries in the female body B. Mid 40s
C. testes in the male body C. Early 20s
D. ovaries in the male body D. Teens
19. During the development of an embryo, at a 24. What is the correct term for sex cells
certain stage, a structure called a gastrula (sperm and eggs in humans)?
forms, which has 3 tissue layers (and thus,
3 cell types). What is the significance of A. Blastocysts
this stage. B. Zygotes

C. Gametes C. both
D. Periods D. none of above
25. Where does oogenesis take place?
31. The period from fertilisation to the birth of
A. Uterus the baby is called
B. Fallopian tubes A. menstruation
C. Ovaries B. labor
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Vagina
C. pregnancy
26. The egg cells of a female. They lie dormant D. none of above
until puberty.
A. Ova or ovum 32. What happens if an early embryo splits
just before implantation?
B. Sperm
C. Vagina A. Non-identical twins
D. Hymen B. Identical twins
27. The source of FSH in the body is C. This cannot occur and would harm the
embryo
A. ovary
D. Semi-identical twin
B. ovarian corpus luteum
C. anterior pituary gland 33. Oestrogen inhibits the production of which
D. pineal gland hormone?
A. oestrogen
28. The urethra in the female person has the
following functions: B. progesterone
A. passing urine C. FSH
B. passing urine and reproductive cells D. LH
C. carry egg cells
34. In oogenesis, when does meiosis finish?
D. passing urine and menstrual fluids
A. Before a girl is born
29. What is the scrotum?
B. At puberty
A. A pouch of skin surrounding the testes
B. A fold of skin that protects the penis C. After ovulation
C. An additional gland located at the end D. After fertilisation

of the urethra
35. Which hormone causes ovulation?
D. none of above
A. FSH
30. If fertilisation does not occur
B. LH
A. the egg dies
C. Progesterone
B. the egg leaves the body when the
uterus lining is shed D. Oestrogen

36. A fertilized egg undergoes several stages 41. Which statement is false about the simi-
before it is implanted . In which of the larity of the human and plant reproduction
following structure of the female repro- system?

ductive system is the blastocyst (fertilized A. Both involve the passing on of charac-
egg) implanted. teristics from parents to young
A. Ovary B. Both will need to disperse their young
B. uterus far away
C. vagina C. Both involve the fusion of the male and
D. amniotic sac female reproductive cell
D. Both involve the production of male
37. Where in their female reproductive system
and female reproductive cells from the
is fertilisation most likely to take place?
male and female respectively
A. fallopian tube
42. This is a pear-shaped organ where the fer-
B. uterus
tilized egg grows and develops when a
C. vagina woman is pregnant.
D. cervix A. Fallopian tubes
38. It is the tube which leads from the womb B. Mons pubis
out of the body. C. Vagina
A. fallopian tube D. Uterus
B. pollen tube
43. The placenta
C. vagina
A. mixes the mother’s and fetus’s blood
D. uterus to exchange substances.
39. Where must fertilisation take place before B. allows the fetus to move freely.
there can be implantation? C. is an enclosed membrane that sur-
A. Ovary rounds and protects the fetus.
B. oviduct/fallopian tube D. is made up of a large mass of blood
C. uterus vessels from both the mother and fetus.
D. vagina 44. What do Boys AND Girls develop during
puberty?
40. One function of the male reproductive sys-
tem in mammals is to A. Pubic Hair
A. produce insulin necessary for sexual B. Deeper voice
reproduction C. Gradually Deeper Voice
B. transport eggs necessary for fertiliza- D. Body becomes more Muscular
tion
C. allow for delivery of gametes needed 45. Fertilization of human eggs usually takes
for reproduction place in the-
D. provide protection for the developing A. ovary.

zygote B. uterus.

C. oviduct. C. Inhibin
D. cervix. D. Estrogen
46. What function is used by the zygote to 52. How many hormones are produced in the
split into more cells? menstrual cycle?
A. meiosis
A. 1
B. budding
B. 2
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. mitosis
C. 3
D. binary fission
D. 4
47. The human reproductive system ensures
the 53. Which of the following statements is NOT
A. digestion of food true?
B. continuation of the human species A. Primary spermatocytes are diploid

C. intake of oxygen into the body B. Spermatogonia are diploid
D. transport of food around the baby C. Spermatids are haploid
48. Where does fertilisation take place? D. Secondary spermatocytes are diploid
A. Ovary 54. The release of a mature egg cell from the
B. Womb ovary.
C. Vagina A. Fertilization
D. Fallopian tube B. Ovulation
49. Fertilization is best described as C. Menstruation
A. the act of male mating with the female. D. Ovaries
B. the union of the sperm with the egg nu-
cleus. 55. What is the name of the tube that carries
urine in males and females?
C. the sperms surrounding the egg.
A. Sperm duct
D. the division of an egg into an embryo.
B. Urethra
50. During the first week of the menstrual cy-
C. Fallopian tube
cle, an ovum:
A. Is ready to be fertilized D. Cervix
B. Matures in an ovary 56. During menstruation, the body shreds ex-

C. Travels along a Fallopian tube tra tissue from:
D. Attaches to the wall of the uterus A. Ovaries
51. Which hormone signals ovulation? B. Fallopian tubes

A. FSH C. Fertilized eggs
B. LH D. The Uterus

57. Production of sperm C. A hormone

A. female D. The blood

B. male
63. After a zygote is formed, specialization of
C. both cells occurs. Through which process do the
D. none of above cells of a zygote become specialized?
58. The main funtion of the uterus is to a A. sexual reproduction

fertilized egg. B. meiosis
A. Protect C. fertilization
B. Transport
D. differentiation
C. Produce
D. Release 64. Which hormones are found in the contra-
ceptive pill?
59. What type of reproduction takes place A. Only Osetrogen
when one parent organism produces off-
spring without meiosis and fertilization? B. Only Testosterone
A. pollination C. Thyroxine and Oestrogen
B. sexual reproduction D. Oestrogen and Progesterone
C. asexual reproduction
65. What is the name of the internal wall of
D. fertilization the uterus?
60. Name the hormone produced by the devel- A. endometrium
oping follicle in the first part of the men-
B. exometrium
strual cycle
A. oestrogen C. testometrium
B. progesterone D. none of above

C. FSH 66. The period during which a girl sexually ma-
D. LH tures is called
61. Kangaroos are mammals that lack a pla- A. menstrual cycle

centa. Therefore, they must have an al- B. puberty
ternate way of supplying the developing
C. childhood
embryo with
A. nutrients D. teens
B. carbon dioxide 67. What change during puberty happens in
C. enzymes boy but not girl?
D. genetic information A. menstruation
62. What is a target organ? B. growth of mustache, beard

A. Where a hormone is made C. hips are broader and rounder
B. Where a hormone acts D. ovaries releases mature egg

68. When an organism reproduces asexually, C. the vasa deferens

it usually has: D. none of above
A. two parents, and the same chromo-
some number as each parent 74. If the woman is pregnant, which structure
will start to release progesterone to main-
B. two parents, and twice as much DNA
tain the uterus lining?
as either parent
C. only one parent, and the same chromo- A. placenta
NARAYAN CHANGDER
some number as the parent B. embryo
D. only one parent, and half as much DNA C. amniotic sac
as the parent
D. uterus
69. What is the result of fertilization?
75. when a woman’s menstrual cycle becomes
A. an egg irregular and stops
B. sperm
A. ovulation
C. an embryo
B. menstruation
D. a zygote
C. menopause
70. Urethral meatus refers to the D. adolescence
A. Urogenital duct
76. At which point is the embryo considered a
B. Opening of vas deferens into urethra
fetus?
C. external opening of the urogenital duct
A. after 8 weeks
D. muscles surrounding the urogenital
duct B. at the time of conception
C. at the time of implantation
71. Which phase involves the egg being re-
leased into the Fallopian tube? D. at the time of fertilization
A. Menstruation 77. This occurs on days 1 to 5 of the menstrual
B. Ovulation cycle.
C. Follicular A. The lining of the uterus remains in
D. Luteal place in preparation for the possible ar-
rival of an early embryo.
72. Where is the genetic material (DNA) lo- B. Shedding of the lining of the uterus
cated in the spermatozoa?
C. An egg is released from the ovaries
A. In the head
D. The lining of the uterus builds up
B. In the tail
C. In the middle piece 78. Another name for the Fallopian tubes.
D. none of above A. Urethra
73. During a vasectomy we cut B. Oviducts
A. The testis C. Ovamora
B. the seminal tubes D. Ovaries

79. What is an advantage of internal fertiliza- 84. Which of these substances would move
tion and development over external fertil- from the mother to the baby via the pla-
ization and development? centa?

A. there is a greater chance for genetic A. hormones
variation
B. urea
B. only one sperm is needed to fertilize
C. oxygen
the egg
D. carbon dioxide
C. genes can pass directly from the
mother to the embryo
85. Which part of the uterus is connected to
D. the chance for zygote survival is in- the vagina?
creased
A. The fallopian tubes
80. The pituitary gland produces B. The cervix
A. FSH C. The ovaries
B. LH D. none of above
C. GnRH
86. In a female person this is where urine
D. Oestradiol leaves the body.
81. What is a hormone? A. Vaginal opening
A. A Chemical messanger B. Urinary opening
B. A biological messenger C. Uterus
C. A physical messenger D. Vagina
D. Mr Casey’s Pet 87. The following is/are modes of transmis-

sion of HIV:
82. What will happen to the corpus luteum if
no fertilization happens? A. Breastfeeding
A. It will continue to secrete proges- B. Kissing
terone. C. Sitting on a dirty toilet seat
B. It will degenerate. D. Sharing used needles
C. It will grow thicker. E. Birth
D. It will continue to secrete oestrogen.
88. Substances can diffuse from the mother’s
83. often the first event a mom experiences blood into the fetal blood through the
when she is about to deliver a baby structure known as the
A. amniotic sac breaks A. amnion
B. placenta is expelled B. fallopian tube
C. uterus contracts/labor C. yolk sac
D. bleeding D. placenta

89. The fertilised egg is called 95. The external female genitalia are
A. zygote A. The vulva and uterus
B. embryo B. The vagina and labia
C. foetus C. The labia and clitoris
96. The male reproductive system produces

90. Where is sperm produced?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
sex hormones called
A. testes A. Estrogen
B. penis B. Progesterone
C. prostate C. Testosterone
D. epididymis D. Andresterone
91. The sperm moves because it has 97. The prostrate gland secretes
A. cilia A. nutrients only
B. tail B. nutrients and hormones
C. hair C. nutrients and fluid
98. Without fertilisation, the corpus luteum

92. How often is an egg released?
A. gets bigger
A. weekly
B. evolves
B. daily
C. disintegrates
C. yearly
D. none of above
D. monthly
99. How does an egg cell move through the
93. a thin membrane called the protects fallopian tube?
and cushion the developing baby A. Via diffusion
A. placenta B. Ciliated epithelial cells move it along
B. umbilical cord C. Via gas exchange
C. amniotic sac D. It drifts through the liquid in the fallop-
ian tube
D. Uterus
100. Which hormone that secrete by corpus lu-
94. Facial hair teum
A. female A. estrogen and progesterone
B. male B. estrogen and LH
C. both C. progesetrone
D. none of above D. FSH and LH

101. Which of the following are reproductive 107. The 9 month period during which the foe-
cells? A EggB Testis C Ovary D Sperm tus grows and develops inside the womb

A. A and C only A. pregnancy
B. A and D only B. expectancy
C. B and C only C. gestation
D. A, B, C and D D. lactation
102. Where are egg cells stored and released 108. The female menstrual cycle is a regular
from? cycle.
A. The uterus. A. hormonal
B. The testes. B. simple
C. The ovaries. C. biological
D. The cervix. D. irregular
103. Which characteristics are passed on by 109. The menstrual cycle repeats every?
parent plants to their young? A. Month
A. height of plant B. 28 days
B. size of flowers C. Week
C. shape of fruit D. Year
D. colour of seeds
110. The ovaries in the human female repro-
104. a developing baby from months three ductive system produced
through nine is a(n) A. egg cell
A. embryo B. ovules
B. fetus C. sperm cell
C. newborn D. pollen grain
D. infant
111. During which trimester does the fetus
105. The female sterilization consists of start to develop bones?
A. a tubal ligation A. 1st
B. the uterus ligation B. 2nd
C. ovaires removal C. 3rd
106. Which is not the function of placenta 112. Which structure is correctly paired with
A. Secretes oxytocin during parturition its function?
B. secretes estrogen A. ovary-provides milk for newborns
C. Facilitates removal of CO2 and waste B. placenta-storage of released eggs
D. facilitates supply of oxygen and nutri- C. uterus-produces estrogen

ents to embryo D. testis-development of sperm

113. What happens during fertilisation in hu- C. mitosis

mans after many sperms reach close to the D. binary fission
ovum
A. Cells of corona radiata trap all the 118. When a paramecium, a single-celled or-
sperms except one ganism, is living under stressful conditions,
it sometimes switches from asexual to
B. Only two sperms nearest the ovum sexual reproduction. The main advantage
penetrate zona pellucida when this switch occurs is that the parame-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Secretion of acrosome helps one cium is most likely to:(1) (2) (3) (4)
sperm enter cytoplasm of ovum through
A. produce clones of itself
Zona pellucida
B. avoid having to find a mate
D. All sperms except the one nearest the
ovum lose their tails. C. increase variation among its offspring
D. produce fewer offspring.
114. Chimpanzees have 48 chromosomes in
each normal body cell. How many chro- 119. What does testosterone affect?
mosomes does a chimpanzee gamete con-
tain? A. development of the placenta
A. 23 B. formation of a zygote
B. 24 C. production of sperm cells
C. 46 D. changes within an ovary
D. 48 120. Where are spermatozoa stored while

they are maturing?
115. The function of the seminal vesicles is to:
A. In the prostate
A. release sperm cells
B. In the epidymis
B. store sperm cells
C. In the testes
C. release fluids that keep sperms cells
healthy D. In the seminal vesicle
D. release fluids that gives energy to 121. Ovulation happens the menstrual cy-
sperm cells cle.
116. Which of the following is/are not perma- A. Before
nent birth control method? B. At the beginning of
A. condom C. At the end of
B. Intra-uterine device D. In the middle of
C. vasectomy
122. What is the name of the male gamete in
D. ligation humans?
E. birth control pill A. Sperm
117. What process creates sex cells? B. Ovum
A. meiosis C. Testis
B. budding D. Pollen

123. The urethra 128. Which hormone causes the re-growth of

A. allows urine and semen to exit the pe- the endometrial lining of the uterus?

nis A. Testesterone
B. is where fertilization takes place B. GnRH
C. is the tube that is the passageway for C. Estrogen
egg to reach uterus D. Progesterone
D. is part of the female reproductive sys-
tem 129. muscular organ where a baby develops
A. uterus
124. Breasts develop
B. vagina
A. female
C. Fallopian tubes
B. male
D. ovaries
C. both
D. none of above 130. What are the initial phases of embryonic
development?
125. What is the male reproductive organs A. Fertilisation, implantation, cleavage
that produce sperms?
B. Implantation, fertilisation, cleavage
A. Penis
C. Fertilisation, cleavage, implantation
B. Fallopian tube
D. none of above
C. Testes
D. Ovary 131. Which of the following come together
during fertilization?
126. How many chromosomes are in the ga- A. egg and womb
metes (sperm and egg cells)?
B. egg and sperm
A. 21
C. ovary and sperm
B. 23
D. ovary and testis
C. 46
132. Fraternal twins are formed when:
D. 92
A. An implanted embryo splits
127. What is the role of FSH during the men-
B. More than one ovum is fertilized
strual cycle?
C. The egg cell splits in hlaf
A. Inhibits the development of another
follicle by inhibiting FSH. D. The sperm cell pass on chromosomes
B. Stimulates the development of follicles 133. How does the baby exchange substances
which in turn leads to estrogen secretion. between the baby and the mother?
C. Causes ovulation and causes the rup- A. Ovary
tured follicle to develop into a corpus lu-
teum. B. Womb
D. stimulates the growth of the en- C. umbilical cord

dometrium lining. D. Fallopian tube

134. Which is NOT true about the placenta? 139. Describe the events that occur when hu-
mans reproduce. A) Sperms leave the male
A. Nutrients, gases, and wastes diffuse in
body. B) Sperms enter the female body. C)
2 directions within it.
A sperm fuses with the egg inside the fe-
B. It is formed from a combination of female body. D) Testes produce sperms.
tus and uterus cells.
A. A, B, C, D
C. Found only in mammals B. B, A, D, C
D. Maternal and fetal blood mix in this
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. C, B, D, A
structure.
D. D, A, B, C
135. For this to occur a sperm cell must come
140. Age two to age 12
into direct contact with an egg cell.
A. childhood
A. Fallopian tube
B. adulthood
B. Menstruation
C. infancy
C. Fertilization
D. adolescence
D. Ovulation
141. A woman usually releases eggs at the
136. Which statement best describes sexual rate of
reproduction?
A. one every twenty-eight days.
A. Cell division happens where one cell
B. one every fourteen days.
produces two exact copies
C. once every nine months.
B. Reproduction happens very quickly
D. twelve times a year.
C. Only one parent needed
D. Fertilization of an egg by a sperm 142. Which precautions should be taken to pre-
vent the spread of HIV? 1) avoidance of di-
137. The age when secondary sexual charac- rect skin contact 2) wearing gloves when
teristics are formed and the ability to re- treating patients 3) not sharing soap with
produce is achieved is called another 4) prevent exchange of body flu-
ids 5) treatment of blood to destroy virus
A. oogenesis.
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. ovulation.
B. 1, 3 and 4
C. puberty.
C. 2, 3 and 5
D. menstrual cycle.
D. 2, 4 and 5
138. A temporary suspension of the menstrual 143. Which characteristics are passed on from
cycle normally occurs during parents to their children?
A. menstruation A. shape of eyebrows
B. pregnancy B. likes or dislikes
C. ovulation C. presence of freckles
D. menopause D. colour of skin

144. The main function of the human male re- 150. Sexual reproduction requires par-
productive system is to ent(s) and asexual reproduction requires
parent(s).

A. provide a site for fertilization
B. produce and transport male sex cells A. one, one
C. protect and nourish the embryo B. two, two
D. prevent urine from leaving the body C. two, one
145. Where is the semen first ejaculated? D. one, two
A. vagina
151. Which of the following are the male ga-
B. uterus metes?
C. oviduct
A. Ovaries
D. none of above
B. Testes
146. What do you call the cells that have pairs
of chromosomes? C. Spermatozoa
A. Diploid D. Ova
B. Haploid
152. For normal human fertilization to occur, -
C. Sperm cell
A. many ova must be released.
D. egg cell
B. the uterus must be enlarged.
147. In uterus, endometrium increases in thick-
ness in response to C. only one sperm cell fuses with one egg
cell
A. Oxytocin
D. the secondary oocyte must implant in
B. oestrogen
the uterus.
C. LH
D. Relaxin 153. Essential materials needed for develop-
ment are transported to a human fetus
148. Chemicals in the body that control certain through the:
changes during adolescence
A. reproductive hormones
A. Estrogen
B. egg cell
B. Testosterone
C. Sperm C. ovaries
D. Hormones D. placenta
149. Which changes happen in both boys and 154. The eggs are produced in
girls
A. the ovaries.
A. Hair grows in the pubic region
B. voice box enlarges B. the womb
C. production of sex hormone C. the fallopian tube

D. breasts grow bigger D. the cervix

155. Which of these contraceptives are hor- 160. Using condom as contraception is the
monal methods? type of method
A. condom A. Mechanical
B. copper IUD B. Chemical
C. combination pill
C. Natural
D. mini-pill
D. Surgical
E. spermicide
NARAYAN CHANGDER
161. Therer are chromosomes inside each
156. Which of the following statements is cor-
gametes of a human and chromosomes
rect?
inside the zygote of a human.
A. The vagina connects the uterus and
the oviducts A. 23; 23
B. A healthy women;s vagina has a B. 23; 46
slightly acidic character C. 46; 23
C. Fertilization takes place in the ovaries D. 46; 46
D. The uterus is the smallest part of the
female reproductive system 162. The placenta is an organ of exchange and
therefore will have the following features:
157. A muscular tube that can stretch during
childbirth: A. large diffusion distance
A. the womb B. small diffusion distance
B. the cervix C. high concentration gradient due to
C. the vagina good blood supply
D. the ovaries D. low concentration gradient due to
good blood supply
158. A is formed when fertilization occurs.
E. large surface area
A. embryo
B. zygote 163. Health problems experienced by
C. fetus menopausal women is caused by the short-
age of
D. sperm
A. estrogen.
the menstrual cycle is false? B. thyroxin.
A. Progesterone levels rise during the C. progesterone.
luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the D. adrenaline.
secretory phase of the uterine cycle
B. Menstruation occurs just after LH and 164. Ovulation is the process whereby
FSH levels peak A. the egg cell fuses with the sperm cell
C. Menstruation occurs after proges-
B. chromosomes are combines
terone levels drop
C. the embryo grows and develops
D. Estrogen levels rise before ovulation,
while progesterone levels rise after D. an ovum is released from the ovaries

165. What is the benefit of sexual reproduc- 171. Which of the following shows the correct
tion? order of events in producing a fetus?
A. Fertilization → Meiosis → Mitosis

A. it makes identical copies
B. it is more efficient B. Meiosis → Mitosis → Fertilization
C. it leads to greater diversity C. Meiosis → Fertilization → Mitosis
D. it creates stronger off spring D. Mitosis → Fertilization → Meiosis
166. The empty follicle is now called the 172. If the woman is not pregnant, a fall in
A. corpus which hormone will cause the uterus lining
to start shedding?
B. luteum
A. oestrogen
C. corpus luteum
D. follicule emptius B. progesterone
C. FSH
167. This hormone peaks just before ovulation
D. LH
A. LH
B. FSH 173. A fertilized egg undergoes several stages
before it is implanted. In which of the fol-
C. progesterone lowing structure of the female reproduc-
D. oestrogen tive system is the egg fertilized?
168. Which hormone stimulates follicle A. Ovary

growth? B. Uterus
A. FSH C. Fallopian tube
B. LH D. Cervix
C. Oestrogen
174. In which of the following structures of
D. none of above the female human reproductive system is
the blastocyst implanted during normal hu-
169. In which of the following structures of
man development?
the female human reproductive system is
the fertilised egg develops? A. Ovary
A. Ovary B. uterus
B. Womb C. vagina
C. Vagina D. amniotic sac
D. Fallopian tube
175. What does the embryo form with the
170. What change happen in girl but not boy? uterus wall?
A. voice box enlarges A. the Fallopian tubes
B. growth of mustache, beard B. a cycle
C. menstruation C. a period
D. penis enlarges D. the placenta

176. The menstrual cycle is controlled by hor- B. cleavage > meiosis > differentiation
mones released by the- > fertilization
A. ovaries C. differentiation > cleavage > meiosis
B. fallopian tubes > fertilization
C. testes D. cleavage > fertilization > differentia-

tion > meiosis
D. uterus
182. The primary function of the human male
NARAYAN CHANGDER
177. Secrete nutrient rich fluids that are added reproductive system is to
to sperm to make semen
A. provide a site for fertilization
A. Testes and epididymis
B. produce and transport gametes
B. Prostate and vas deferens
C. protect and nourish the embryo
C. Prostate and seminal vesicles
D. prevent urine from leaving the body
D. Epididymis and urethra
183. A structure where sperm are stored
178. Pubic and underarm hair
A. Seminal vesicles
A. female
B. Urethra
B. male
C. Testes
C. both
D. Epididymis
D. none of above
184. What the unborn baby is called from
179. The lining of the uterus coming out week 9 of pregnancy until birth.
through the vagina (sometimes called
A. Zygote
‘having a period’).
B. Embryo
A. Conception
C. Fetus
B. Fertilization
D. none of above
C. Implantation
D. Menstruation 185. The inability of sperm cells to move nor-
mally could prevent the production of off-
180. In mammals, the placenta is essential to spring by interfering with
the embryo for A. meiosis
A. nutrition, reproduction, and growth B. fertilization
B. nutrition, respiration, and excretion C. mitosis
C. locomotion, respiration, and excretion D. differentiation
D. nutrition, reproduction, and excretion
186. Which is the male sex cell?
181. Which sequence represents the correct or- A. Egg
der of events for the formation and devel-
opment of an embryo? B. Seminal vesicle
A. meiosis > fertilization > cleavage > C. Sperm

differentiation D. Penis

187. Which of the following are ways to pre- 193. On average, how many days does the
vent the spread of STis? (choose 3) menstrual cycle last?

A. having only one sex partner A. 7
B. having sex before marriage B. 14
C. avoid sharing of injection needles C. 21
D. using condom during sexual inter- D. 28
course 194. If the ovum is fertilized it will implant
188. How long does the female approximately itself on the uterine wall and during this
carry a child in the womb? period the women will not menstruate.
What do you call this period?
A. 12 months
A. Nine months.
B. 9 years
B. Fourty weeks.
C. 9 months
C. Twenty-eight days.
D. 38 months D. Gestation.
189. The FSH hormone is secreted by 195. Begins after age 20
A. the ovarian follicle A. childhood
B. the pituitary gland B. adolescence
C. the corpus luteum C. adulthood
D. none of above D. infancy
190. The menstrual cycle lasts about 196. Sexual reproduction is vital to the prop-
agation of the Human race. Which of the
A. 14 days
following sequences represents the correct
B. 28 days order of events in the formation of a hu-
C. one week man fetus?
D. 2 days A. Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo →
Fertilization
191. When is a zygote called an embryo? B. Fertilization → Zygote → Blastocyst
A. after 8 weeks → Embryo
B. at the time of fertilization C. Blastocyst → Embryo → Differentia-
tion → Zygote
C. at the time of implantation
D. Fertilization → Growth → Differentia-
D. at the time of conception tion → Zygote
192. When a sperm cell fuses with an ovum it 197. When puberty takes place in girls, which
produces a new cell called a: one of the following does not happen?
A. embryo A. Womb grows bigger
B. blastocyst B. Shoulders broaden
C. zygote C. Eggs start producing
D. zululala D. Breasts enlarge

198. Which of the following is not a function C. Conception

of the ovaries?
D. Menstruation
A. The secretion of progesterone
B. The production of eggs 204. Withdrawl of which hormone is the im-
mediate cause of menstruation?
C. The secretion of estrogen
A. Estrogen
D. The site of fertilization
B. FSH
199. A fertilized egg will implant in which or-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
gan? C. Progesterone
A. cervix D. LH
B. fallopian tube
205. Gestation in elephants lasts for:
C. ovary
A. 5 months
D. uterus
B. 12 months
200. When the egg and sperm join together, it
C. 22 months
is known as
A. intercourse D. 10 months
B. ovulation 206. The place where a foetus grows and de-

C. fertilization velops.
D. mitosis A. Ovaries
201. A woman’s first day of menstruation was B. Uterus

on 1st June. Assuming she has a 28 C. Menstruation
days menstrual cycle. When was she most
likely to ovulate? D. Fallopian Tubes
A. 7 JUNE 207. During which trimester do genitals begin
B. 10 JUNE to develop?
C. 14 JUNE A. 1st
D. 21 JUNE B. 2nd
202. Which of the following are the female go- C. 3rd
nads?
D. none of above
A. Spermatozoa
B. Ova 208. Which of the following are able to move
across the placenta?
C. Testes
A. oxygen and CO2
D. Ovaries
B. antibodies
203. The nesting of a fertilized ovum in the
wall of the uterus is called: C. viruses
A. Implantation D. nicotine
B. Fertilization E. protein

209. A particular species of shark normally re- 214. The inner lining of the uterus that thick-
produces sexually. In captivity, it was ens with blood while an egg cell matures
found that a female could also reproduce in the ovary.

asexually. One negative result from asex- A. cervix
ual reproduction is
B. endometrium
A. increased gene recombinations
C. uterus
B. decreased biodiversity within the
species D. none of above
C. increased number of males produced 215. The ovarian cycle lasts about
D. decreased number of eggs used A. 14 days
210. When is the most fertile period in the B. 28 days
menstrual cycle? C. one week
A. day 1 to day 5 D. 2 days
B. day 14
C. day 11 to day 17 reproduction are true? A) Fertilisation
D. day 25 to day 28 only occurs in sexual reproduction. B) Re-
production is to ensure the continuity of
211. Most mammals have adaptations for living things.C) In reproduction, both male
A. internal fertilization and internal devel- and female produces eggs and sperms.
opment of the fetus A. A and B only
B. internal fertilization and external de- B. A and C only
velopment of the fetus C. B and C only
C. external fertilization and external de- D. A, B and C
velopment of the fetus
D. external fertilization and internal de- 217. What is the name for the part of the sex
velopment of the fetus cells where the genetic material (chromo-
somes) are located?
212. The vagina is also known as the A. Cytoplasm
A. Birth canal B. Nucleus
B. Womb C. Mitochondrion
C. Testes D. Stomata
D. Ovum
218. Signals for parturition arise from
213. What is the scientific name for a sex A. Placenta
cell?
B. Fully developed foetus
A. Gromets
C. Both placenta and fully developed foe-
B. Embryo tus
C. Gamete D. Oxytocin released from maternal pitu-
D. Stem cell itary

219. Which hormone is produced by the hy- 224. Which of these is not a barrier method of
pothalamus? contraception?
A. FSH A. Diaphragm
B. LH B. Condom
C. GnRH C. Femidom
D. Implant
D. none of above
225. Which contraceptives are non-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
220. What is the function of the placenta? hormonal?
A. transfer nutrients from mother to em- A. copper IUD
byro B. vasectomy
B. provide a place for development of em- C. Birth control pill
bryo
D. condom
C. produce estrogen
226. Where in the female body do the egg and
D. produce testosterone sperm fuse?
221. Which of the following describes sex cells A. Cervix
(gametes)? B. Uterus
A. Diploid cells produced by meiosis C. Ovary
B. Diploid cells produced by mitosis D. Fallopian tube
C. Haploid cells produced by meiosis 227. A woman falls pregnant when

D. Haploid cells produced by mitosis A. she has sexual intercourse
B. she releases an egg cell from her
222. Which is the normal sequence of events ovaries
in the development of the embryo of an
C. the fertilized egg cell plant in on the
animal?
lining of the uterus
A. gastrulation → fertilization → blas- D. The sperm cell fuse with the egg cell
tula formation → cleavage
228. The function of the epididymis in a male
B. fertilization → cleavage → gastrula-
individual is:
tion → blastula formation
A. Storage for sperm cells
C. cleavage → blastula formation → fer-
tilization → gastrulation B. Controls the temperature of the testes
C. Protects the bladder
D. fertilization → cleavage → blastula
formation → gastrulation D. Produce sperm cells
229. Most of the skeleton of a human embryo
223. Puberty is triggered by
is composed of connective tissue known as
A. Ovulation A. cartilage
B. Menstruation B. tendons
C. Hormones C. ligaments
D. Pregnancy D. bone

230. The male reproductive system can be de- 236. Antibiotics can treat the following STIs:
scribed as a system of: A. Chlamydia

A. ducts B. Gonorrhea
B. muscles C. HIV
C. glands D. HPV
D. tissues
237. The process whereby an embryo connects
231. Antrum is a cavity of to the endometrium
A. ovary A. menstruation
B. Graffian follicle B. ovulation
C. Blastula C. gestation
D. Gastrula D. implantation
232. After meiosis, how many chromosomes 238. Where are mature sperm stored, before
does each cell have compared to the origi- they are ejaculated?
nal cell?
A. epididymis
A. double
B. seminiferous tubules
B. equal
C. vas deferens
C. half
D. seminal vesicles
D. impossible to tell
E. prostate gland
233. A woman may suspect that she is preg-
nant when 239. Which of the following organs produce(s)
the hormone progesterone? 1-Pituitary
A. She engages in sexual intercourse gland2-ovary3-Uterus5-Placenta
B. She stops menstruating A. 1 and 2
C. Her menstrual cycle becomes irregu- B. 2 AND 3
lar
C. 3 AND 4
D. She feels nauseous
D. 2 AND 4
234. Tube that transports sperm from epi-
didymis to urethra 240. Fertilization usually takes place here.
A. Seminal vesicle A. uterus
B. Prostate B. fallopian tubes
C. Fallopian tube C. vagina
D. Vas deferens D. ovaries
235. What does HIV stand for? 241. How long is the entire menstrual cycle?
A. human Immunisation virus A. 5 days
B. human immunodeficiency virus B. 14 days
C. human interaction virus C. 20 days
D. human inefficiency virus D. 28 days

242. The best way to prevent sexually trans- 247. Testosterone directly affects the
mitted infections is A. formation of a zygote
A. to use a condom during sexual inter- B. changes within an ovary
course
C. production of sperm cells
B. wash your genitals
D. development of a placenta
C. go to the doctor
248. Which hormone causes the growth and
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
thickening of the endometrial lining of the
uterus?
243. What is ovulation?
A. LH
A. The release of an egg into an oviduct.
B. FSH
B. The joining of an egg cell and a sperm
cell. C. Oestrogen
C. The period of time when the female is D. Progesterone

having her period. 249. Which hormones cause the endometrium
D. The act of mating. to grow?
A. LH and progesterone
244. Which organ produces sperm cells?
B. FSH and LH
A. testes
C. Oestrogens and progesterone
B. epididymis
D. none of above
C. ovary
250. What do you call the female sex cell?
D. prostate gland
A. egg cell
245. What is the female reproductive organs B. sperm cell
that produce eggs?
C. diploid
A. Ovary
D. haploid
B. Testes
251. What does the term Gestation mean?
C. Womb
A. The joining of the egg and sperm.
D. Penis
B. The time it takes for the young to de-
246. The main function of the placenta is to: velop inside the mother.
A. allow direct exchange of blood be- C. The release of sperm.
tween the mother and fetus for nutrition. D. The release of an egg cell.
B. facilitate gas and nutrient exchange
252. The fallopian tubes connect
between the fetus and mother.
A. the ovaries to the uterus
C. support the weight of the developing
fetus in the uterus. B. the uterus to the vagina
D. store gases and nutrients for later de- C. the ovaries to the vagina
livery to the fetus. D. none of above

253. The unborn baby in the uterus is called C. Build up the uterine lining
the: D. Inhibit FSH

A. embryo
259. Which of the following happen in the
B. foetus uterus?
C. fertilized egg cell A. Sperm cells are attacked by the im-
D. ectopic baby mune system
B. Sperm cells multiply
254. During which trimester can the fetus de-
tect light? C. Sperms cells find the egg cell
A. 1st D. Sperm cells are flushed out of the fe-
male reproductive system
B. 2nd
C. 3rd 260. Which of the following is not a birth con-
trol method?
D. none of above
A. Condom
255. When is ovulation most likely to occur?
B. Pill
A. About halfway between the start of C. Diaphragm
one menstruation and the next
D. Morning after pill
B. At the start of menstruation
C. 1-5 days before the start of menstrua- 261. what is/are the function(s) of testes?
tion A. produce sperms
D. 5-10 days after the start of menstrua- B. produce testosterone
tion C. produce progesterone
256. Which structure carries sperm from the D. keep a lower body temperature
epdidymis to the urethra?
262. Where in the body does fertilisation occur
A. vas deferens in humans?
B. seminal vesicle A. Epididymis
C. prostate B. Uterus
D. penis C. Oviduct
257. That fusion of the male and female ga- D. Vagina
mete to form a zygote is known as?
263. Which statement describes the reproduc-
A. fertilisation tive system of a human male?
B. menstruation A. It releases sperm that can be used
C. pollination only in external fertilization.
D. ejaculation B. It synthesizes progesterone that regu-
lates sperm formation.
258. What does oestrogen do during the men- C. It produces gametes that transport
strual cycle? food for embryo formation.
A. Cause sperm to be produced D. It shares some structures with the ex-
B. Break down the uterine lining cretory system.

264. The part of the female reproductive sys- 270. The testes in male reproductive system
tem where fertilization takes place: produce
A. Uterus A. ovules
B. Womb B. sperm
C. Vaginal opening
C. pollen grain
D. Fallopian Tubes
D. testes
NARAYAN CHANGDER
265. The narrow channel that acts as a high-
way for sperm cells during the fertile 271. The correct path travel by the sperm out
phase of the menstrual cycle? of the human body is?
A. Cervix A. testes → sperm duct → urethra
B. Vagina B. testes → spermatic cord → urethra
C. Uterus C. testes → spermatic cord → ureter
D. Fallopian tubes
D. testes → sperm duct → ureter
266. The majority of the embryo’s organs are
formed 272. Acne
A. Germinal stage A. female
B. Embryonal stage B. male
C. Fetal stage C. both
267. What is a male sex cell ( GAMETE) called
273. What would be the result of cutting both
A. Zygote the sperm ducts in a male?
B. Egg A. Male sex hormones would no longer
C. Sperm circulate in the blood.
D. none of above B. The male would be unable to pass
urine.
268. This carries the egg to the uterus.
A. Fallopian tube C. The male would be unable to develop
sperm.
B. Vagina
D. The male would become sterile.
C. cervix
D. Ovary 274. Small microscopic hair like structures in
the Fallopian tubes that sweep the embryo
269. In a rabbit, the embryo normally devel-
to the uterus.
ops within the
A. flagella
A. placenta
B. uterus B. cilia
C. yolk sac C. broom cells
D. umbilical cord D. diverticula

275. In an embryo, the formation of many 280. Spermatogenesis (meiosis) is the pro-
types of tissues and organs occurs as a re- cess by which sperm develop and mature.
sult of the process of: Which of the following sequences correctly

A. fertilization describes the anatomical path of spermato-
zoa from formation to ejaculation?
B. cloning
A. . testes, vas deferens, prostate, ure-
C. differentiation thra
D. asexual reproduction B. testes, urethra, prostate, vas defer-
ens
276. What do glands produce
C. prostate, vas deferens, testes, ure-
A. receptor molecules
thra
B. hormones
D. prostate, urethra, testes, vas defer-
C. neurotransmitters ens
D. glucose
281. After fertilisation the zygote increases in
277. The part of the female reproductive sys- size and travels down the Fallopian tube
tem that are sometimes slightly closed to become embedded in the walls of the
to prevent sperm from passing into the womb. This process is known as
uterus. A. implantation
A. vagina B. ovulation
B. vulva C. menstruation
C. cervix D. conception
D. uterus
282. Where does implantation take place?
278. Larana has a regular menstrual cycle of A. vagina
28 days. She started menstruating on the
B. uterus wall
6 of September. On which date will she
most probably ovulate? C. ovary
A. 6 September D. oviduct
B. 20 September 283. The duct that carry semen and urine in a
C. 3rd of September male person.
D. 16 September A. Prostate gland
279. Name the cell that supplies nutrients to B. Vas deferens

spermatids while they develop into sper- C. Sperm duct
matozoa D. Urethra
A. Sertoli cell
284. The inability of sperm cells to move nor-
B. Leydig cell mally could prevent the production of off-
C. seminiferous cell spring by:
D. Germinal epithelium cell A. not reaching the ovum
E. Prostate cell B. interfering with ovulation

C. by not dividing 290. What does the placenta do?

D. differentiation A. It allows nutrients to enter the fetus
from the mother and waste products to
285. The female menstrual cycle has two very leave the fetus.
important functions. They are:
B. It allows the nutrients and waste prod-
A. removing the endometrium from the ucts to travel freely between the foetus
uterus and controlling the female hor- and the mother.
mones
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. It prevents all bad chemicals from
B. Preparing the endometrium and con- harming the fetus.
trolling ovulation
D. It allows solid food to reach the fetus.
C. It makes a female person more fertile
and helps them to fall pregnant 291. Which of the following are NOT passed
D. Control the moods and emotions of on from parents to young?
a female person during the course of a A. blood disorder
month B. voice patterns
286. An organ that provides the chemical sub- C. shape of nose
stancess needed by a fetus is called the D. tongue rolling
A. ovary
292. A tissue or group of tissues that make
B. uterus and releases hormones.
C. placenta A. Circulatory system
D. fallopian tube B. Pancreas
287. The term “uterus” is another name for? C. Flight or Fight Response
A. the womb D. Endocrine Glands
B. ovary 293. The corpus luteum releases
C. placenta A. oestrogen
D. vagina B. progesterone
288. Birth to two years old C. FSH
A. childhood D. LH
B. adulthood 294. In human reproduction, which sequence
C. infancy of events if correct?
D. adolescence A. menstruation > ovulation > fertilisa-
tion > implantation
289. What do you call the sac that contains the
testes? B. menstruation > ovulation > implanta-
tion > fertilisation
A. penis
C. ovulation > menstruation > fertilisa-
B. sperm tion > implantation
C. scrotum D. ovulation > menstruation > implanta-
D. filament tion > fertilisation

295. In which choice are the four events in the C. both

correct order? D. none of above

A. fertilization, cleavage, differentiation,
organ development 301. Another name for the cervix:
B. cleavage, fertilization, differentiation, A. Neck of the womb
organ development B. Neck of the vagina
C. differentiation, fertilization, cleavage,
C. Neck of the oviduct
organ development
D. The top of the uterus
D. fertilization, organ development, dif-
ferentiation, cleavage. 302. the last event that happens after the
296. Spermatids are changed into spermato- baby has been delivered
zoa through A. uterus contracts
A. Spermiogenesis B. amniotic sac breaks
B. Spermiation C. placenta is expelled
C. Spermatogenesis D. bleeding
D. Spermatosis
303. How are identical twins formed?
297. Which hormone stimulates the build up of
A. two eggs fertilised
the endometrium?
A. FSH B. fertilized egg splits
B. LH C. two identical eggs are released

C. Estrogen D. two identical sperm fertilize the egg
D. Progesterone 304. Hormone responsible for ovulation and
development of corpus luteum is
298. Ovulation phase typically occurs on what
day of the cycle? A. FSH
A. 1 B. LH
B. 14 C. LTH
C. 20 D. ICSH
D. 7
305. How similar is sexual reproduction in
299. Another name for the uterus. flowering plants and in humans?
A. Womb A. It involves the fusion of pollen grain
B. Ovaries and sperm.
C. Vagina B. It involves the fusion of ovaries and
ovules.
D. Urethra
C. It involves the fusion of male and fe-
300. Egg matures male reproductive cells.
A. female D. It does not involve any fusion of male
B. male and female reproductive cells.

1.7 Gastrointestinal Physiology 228
306. What are the main side effects of any hor- Which statement best explains the devel-
monal contraceptive? opment of these different varieties of veg-
A. menstruation is more painful etables?
B. bleeding apart from menstruation can A. Different varieties can develop from a
occur single species as a result of the recombi-
nation of genetic information.
C. headaches and nausea
B. Different species can develop from a
D. increased risk of thrombosis or other single species as a result of the effect of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cardiovascular issues similar environmental conditions.
E. stomach and intestinal issues C. Mutations will occur in the genes of a
307. Agriculturists have developed some va- species only if the environment changes.
rieties of vegetables from common wild D. Variations in a species will increase
mustard plants, which reproduce sexually. when the rate of mitosis is decreased.
1.7 Gastrointestinal Physiology

1. Upper/ lower part of the abdomen C. stomach ache
A. lelangit atas/ bawah D. none of above
B. Abdomen atas/ bawah
5. slow waves of smooth muscle cells of the
C. sakit perut small intestine are:
D. none of above A. tonic contractions
2. Severe, often fluctuating pain in the ab- B. physical contractions

domen caused by intestinal gas or obstruc- C. resting membrane potential oscilla-
tion in the intestines tions
A. Gastroenteritis D. none
B. Colic
6. stomach rumbling
C. Foreign Body
A. sakit perut
D. Intussusception
B. perut berkeroncong
3. The media used to count the number of all C. kenyangkan perut
growing bacterial colonies is
D. none of above
A. PCA agar
B. endo agar 7. It is called a food bolus
C. In order to Mac Conkey A. Food that is broken down in the stom-

ach
D. EMB agar
B. The food that is unfolded in the mouth
4. Abdominal pain C. Food that is broken down in the duode-
A. color together num
B. swallowing problems D. none of above

8. Where does the absorption of nutritive 13. Swollen veins in lower rectum is symptom
substances mainly take place? of which disease?
A. peptic ulcer

A. Small intestine
B. Large intestine B. celiac disease
C. Pancreas C. hemorrhoids
D. Crohn’s disease
D. Liver
14. The first-pass effect involves the
9. What percentage of fluids does the colon
absorb? A. Heart
B. Liver
A. 90%
C. Kidney
B. 45%
D. Large intestine
C. 60%
15. Mr. A had a third stroke, this stroke
D. 25%
caused Mr. A experienced a decrease in
10. What is the breathing function of the na- consciousness, the affected organ was on
sopharynx? the right, based on the case above to pro-
vide suitable nutrition for Mr. A is
A. The breathing
A. Oral
B. Middle ear ventilation function
B. Parenteral
C. breathing and ear function
C. Enteral
D. Breathing and ventilation of the middle D. Rectal
ear
E. axilla
11. What type of medicine is Antacid? 16. Dicyclomine (Bentyl) helps patients with
A. Weak base
B. Weak acid A. Constipation
C. Strong acid B. Ulcerative colitis
D. Strong base C. Irritable bowel syndrome
D. None are correct
12. This defecation reflex is strong; The sig-
nals come from the bone marrow and the 17. Gastrin is secreted at
entire autonomic nervous system and the A. Buccal cavity
sum of other organs such as: The descent B. Esophagus
of the diaphragm through deep inspiration
Closing the epiglottis Contraction of ab- C. Intestine
dominal muscles The descent of the pelvic D. Stomach
floor
18. Which one inhibit the acid secretion
A. Reflejo vagovagal A. Gastrin
B. mysteric reflex B. Histamine
C. gastrocolic reflex C. Acetylcholine
D. reflex of parasympathetic fibers D. Somatostatin

19. What is the phase called, when the food 24. From which embryonic layer does the prim-
is ready to be swallowed, the upward and itive intestine derive?
backward pressure of the tongue against A. ectoderm
the palate drags or moves it posteriorly?
B. mesoderm
A. voluntary swallowing phase
C. neural crests
B. pharyngeal phase of swallowing
D. endoderm
C. gastric phase of swallowing
25. Major tunics of the Digestive system, ex-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. voluntary phase of propulsion
cept
20. What is the lingual papilla that is present A. Radialis
in a specific place on the tongue?
B. Muscularis
A. caliciformes
C. Mucosa
B. larynx
D. Submucosa
C. none
D. none of above 26. What does the ileocecal valve do?
A. Generates segmentation contractions.
21. Watery stool
B. It restricts the reflux of colonic con-
A. darah dalam tahi tents and especially the large number
B. warna tahi of commensal bacteria into the relatively
C. Tahi berair sterile ileum.
D. none of above C. Segmentation contractions, which
shift chyme from one side to the other
22. Which of the following statements is true and increase its contact with the mucosal
about Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide hor- surface.
mones functions? (you can choose more D. none of above
than one answers)
A. It stimulates intestinal secretion of 27. which statement is/are correct?
electrolytes and water A. Acetylcholine act by cAMP pathway
B. Stimulate gastric acid and pepsin se- B. Gastrin act by cAMP pathway
cretion C. Hitamine act by PIP2 pathway
C. Relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle D. Histamine act by cAMP pathway
including sphincters.
D. It inhibit intestinal secretion of elec- 28. Which of the following gastrointestinal
trolytes and water. hormone functions is correct?
A. Cholecystokinin and Secretin Increase
23. Choose (more than one) what growth me- both gastric secretion and motility
dia can be used for Enterobacteriacea bac-
teria culture? B. Gastrin secretion is Stimulated by the
digestive products of fat
A. Mac Conkey
C. Somatostatin is a powerful stimulator
B. endo agar to both gastric secretion and motility
C. Agar Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) D. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in-
D. Blood agar hibit gastric Secretion

29. Time it takes for chyme to travel from the 34. Fat-filled peritoneal processes throughout
pylorus to the ileocecal valve the large intestine are called

A. 3 a 5 hrs A. vermiform appendages
B. 5 a 7 hrs B. haustras
C. 1 a 2 hrs C. lieberkuhn valves
D. 30 minutes D. omental appendages
E. none
30. The anatomical division of the large intes-
tine 35. Removing a part of the intestines and re-
A. right hemicolon and left hemicolon connecting the remaining ends
A. Resection and Anastomosis
B. colon and rectum
B. Megacolon
C. ascending colon, transverse colon, de-
scending colon, pelvic ileus colon, and rec- C. Foreign Body
tum D. Intussusception
D. all
36. The movements that occur in the digestive
E. none tract are known as:
31. bowel frequency A. Of mix.

B. Of segmentation.
A. berapa kali buang air besar?
C. Of transport.
B. berapa kali kencing?
C. bila sakit mula?
D. none of above 37. During primary peristalsis, how long does
it take for the wave to travel from the
32. What are the different parts of the small pharynx to the stomach?
intestine? A. 8 a 10 s
A. duodenum, hilum and jejunum B. 15 a 20 s
B. jejunum, duodenum and cecum C. 1 minute
C. duodenum, jejunum D. 5s
D. jejunum, duodenum and ileum 38. Parts of the small intestine after the duo-
denum is known as
33. The gland that functions to protect the duo-
denal mucosa from Hcl and pepsin irrita- A. Jejunum
tion is the B. Lipase duodenum
A. Pancreatic gland C. Amylase duodenum
B. Spleen gland D. Lipase ileum
C. Bruner’s gland
39. Name given to food when mixed with gas-
D. Pituitary gland tric secretions
E. Adrenal glands A. qui membrane

B. kilo 45. What is peristalsis?

C. Gastric juice A. When a food is present in the intestine,
D. none of above the intestinal nervous system promotes a
type of motility.
40. This reflex helps to intensify the peristal- B. It is a reflex response triggered by af-
sis of the ileum and forces the chyme to ferent impulses from the trigeminal, glos-
cross the ileocecal valve to reach the ce- sopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.
cum.
C. It is a reflex response that begins
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. gastrocolic reflex
when the intestinal wall is stretched by
B. gastroileal reflex the luminal content, and it occurs in all
C. mass reflex segments of the digestive tract from the
esophagus to the rectum.
D. Reflejo vagovagal
D. none of above
41. The large intestine stores or absorbs:
46. Only is a proton pump inhibitor.
A. electrolytes and water
A. Ranitidine
B. Just water
B. Omeprazole
C. electrolytes only
C. Sucralfate
D. stool
D. Aluminum hydroxide
42. food stuck on the throat
47. HCL acid from gastric juice is produced in
A. makanan tersangkut
cells
B. makanan tersangkut di tekak
A. D cells
C. tercekik makanan
B. main
D. none of above
C. none
43. Movements carried out in the ascending D. parietal
portion and consists of the contraction of
the longitudinal muscle and with it gives 48. What is the main stimulant for HCl secre-
you the result of the haustras tion and what is the main inhibitor?
A. Mov. mix A. gastrin and somatostatin
B. mov. massa B. acetylcholine and leptins
C. Mov. of propulsion C. Histamine and somatostatin
D. Mov. gastric emptying D. none of above
44. What effect would cause some reflexes to 49. When the primary peristaltic wave fails
block the arrival of new acid content from to move all the food that has entered
the stomach until the pancreatic game neu- the esophagus towards the stomach, is it
tralizes the duodenal chyme. caused?
A. A PH of less than 3.5 to 4 A. primary swallowing phase
B. A PH of 7 B. Gastric mobilization phase
C. A Ph of 7.35 to 7.85 C. secondary peristalsis
D. None of the above D. feedback phase of the esophagus

50. heartburn C. Mouth-Esophagus-Heart-Stomach-

A. stomach ache Intestines

B. belly clap D. Mouth-Esophagus-Stomach-Intestine-
Anus
C. heartburn
D. none of above 55. The primitive intestine is divided into
A. primitive intestine
51. It is characterized by the accumulation of
serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity. B. posterior primitive gut
A. Paracentesis C. mid primitive intestine

B. dehydration D. all are correct
C. ascites 56. The last section of the large intestine
D. dyspepsia A. cecum
52. phase, when the food bolus penetrates the B. rectum
back of the mouth and pharyngeal area, it C. sigmoid
stimulates the epithelial areas of swallow-
D. ileum
ing
A. involuntary pharyngeal phase of swal- 57. Regarding intussusception, an intestinal
lowing obstruction where the intestinal segment
B. voluntary swallowing phase penetrates the immediately distal portion
of the organ, we can say that:
A. It is associated with hypomotility, due
D. epithelial phase of swallowing to enteritis or parasites
53. What happens in the small intestine? B. Among the possible etiologies is the
presence of the Strongylus vulgaris para-
A. The food is stored; mixed with acid,
site, common in horses.
mucus, and pepsin, and released at a con-
stant and balanced rate into the duode- C. Among the lesions observed, there is
num. a white coloration and absence of hemor-
rhage.
B. The fundus and upper portion of the
gastric body relax to accommodate food. D. In intussusception, the thinner intesti-
nal walls are observed
C. The intestinal contents are mixed with
the secretions of the mucosal cells and 58. When chyme penetrates a portion of the
with the pancreatic juice and bile. small intestine, distension of the intestinal
D. none of above wall induces localized concentric contrac-
tions spaced at intervals along the length
54. The sequence of organs that food passes of the intestine, how long does it take?
through in human digestion is
A. less than 1 minute
A. Mouth-Throat-Stomach-Heart-Intestines
B. 1 minute
B. Mouth-Throat-Intestine-Stomach- C. from 1 to 5 mountainous

Anus D. 15 to 30 minutes

59. This defecation reflex is the softest; Nerve C. Attached to posterior abdominal wall
impulses are sent from the descending by a mesentry
colon to begin peristalsis movements and
D. Its lower part is fixed
displace fecal matter.
A. mysteric reflex 65. Which of the following is a “stool soft-
B. Reflejo vagovagal ener”?
C. reflex of parasympathetic fibers A. Senna
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. gastrocolic reflex B. Docusate
60. Which of the followings can cause gastri- C. Omeprazole

tis? D. Psyllium
A. alcohol
66. What is the sphincter of the common bile
B. cocaine duct called?
C. smoking A. Off
D. long stay in toilet
B. bile ducts
E. stress
C. cystic duct
61. The small intestine does not include the D. none
A. Duodenum
67. Regarding esophagitis:
B. Jejunum
C. Colon A. There is only one type and it is called
reflux esophagitis.
D. Ileum
B. Among the etiologies, it can occur in a
62. How many parts is the esophagus divided traumatic way, due to Spirocerca lupi.
into?
C. In chemical esophagitis, necrosis and
A. 2 marked edema are observed only in the
B. 4 esophageal mucosa.
C. 3 D. As consequences of traumatic/obstructive
D. 5 esophagitis, there is ruminal tympanism
and phytobezoars.
63. What is/are the phase of GI control?
68. what are the overall functions of gastrin?
A. Cephalic
(select more than one option)
B. Gastric
A. Stimulate Gastric Acid and pepsin se-
C. Intestinal cretion
D. All of the above
B. Growth of gastric mucosa and intesti-
64. Choose CORRECT statement regarding nal mucosa
small intestine. C. Stimulate Gastric Motility
A. About 6 meters long D. Contraction of muscle at gastro
B. Extend from pylorus to illeoceacal junc- esophageal junction cardiac sphincter pre-
tion vents reflux

69. Regulates intestinal motility in periods of 74. Large mucosal folds formed when the
fasting between meals: stomach is empty are called

A. motilin A. the rugae
B. gastrin B. the fundus
C. cholecystokinin C. the muscularis layer
D. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide D. the pyloric sphincter
70. What initiates distension of the rectum by 75. A medical term referring to the Inflamma-
stool? tion of the GI tract, usually the stomach
A. Reflected contractions of his muscles and the intestines
and the desire to defecate. A. Gastroenteritis
B. The desire to defecate. B. Colic
C. parasympathetic innervation C. Foreign Body
D. none of above D. Intussusception
71. Where is the pharynx located? 76. Biopsies are taken from the antra and duo-
A. behind the nostrils denal mucosa of a 65-year-old woman.
which of the following hormones can be
B. ahead of the spine found in tissue homogenates from both lo-
C. All cations?
D. None A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
72. You are tracing a drop of blood from the B. Gastrin
blood capillary network in the small intes- C. Motilin
tine to the inferior vena cava. The path- D. Secretin
way is
A. hepatic vein → sinusoid → central 77. Which of the following statement about
vein → hepatic portal vein → inferior Gastrointestinal hormone is true? (you
vena cava. can choose more than one answers)
B. hepatic portal vein → sinusoid → in- A. Gastrin is released as a result of stom-
ferior vena cava. ach distension and vagal stimulation.
C. hepatic portal vein → sinusoid → cen- B. Secretin stimulates the pancreatic aci-
tral vein → hepatic vein → inferior vena nar cells to secrete enzymes.
cava C. Secretin causes excessive gastric se-
D. hepatic portal vein → hepatic vein → cretion and accelerates gastric emptying.
sinusoid → central vein → inferior vena D. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide induces
cava gastric acid secretion
73. Do you have blood in the stool? 78. Gastrointestinal Agents are
A. Anda ada darah dalam kencing? A. Inorganic agents
B. Anda ada darah dalam tahi? B. Organic Agents
C. Anda ada selera makan? C. Both

79. Region where chyme enters the small in- D. group of symptoms that affect the
testine is known as large intestine
A. colon
85. The primary gastrointestinal system func-
B. ileum tions include all of the following except:
C. jejunum A. Digestion
D. duodenum B. Absorption
NARAYAN CHANGDER
80. WHEN DOES THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BE- C. Secretion
GIN TO FORM?
D. All are GI functions
A. THIRD WEEK
B. FOURTH WEEK 86. What does the vomit start with?
C. FIFTH WEEK A. With the feeling of nausea.
D. 14 DIAS B. With the sialorrhea and the feeling of
nausea.
81. Describes a condition in which one segment
of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent C. By withholding food.
part of the intestines D. none of above
87. Which of the following hormones is re-
B. Colic
leased by the presence of fat and protein
C. Foreign Body in the small intestine and has major effect
D. Intussusception to decrease gastric emptying?
A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
82. to make stomach full
B. Gastrin
A. lapar
B. perut berkeroncong C. Glucose Dependent Insulinotorphic
Peptide (GIP)
C. kenyangkan perut
D. Secretin
D. none of above
83. What separates the esophagus from the 88. Let me know if it hurts?
stomach? A. Beritahu jika tekak sakit?
A. villi B. Boleh saya tepuk perut anda?
B. pyloric sphincter C. Beritahu kalau sakit?
C. rugae D. none of above
D. cardiac sphincter
89. lately
84. What is GERD?
A. Today
A. stomach acid flows back into esopha-
gus B. tomorrow
B. hard stool C. lately
C. chronic inflammation of digestive tract D. none of above

90. What parts is the pharynx divided into? A. Saliva

A. Nanopharynx, mesopharynx and B. substance P

amenopharynx C. gastric acids
B. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryn- D. none of above
gopharynx
C. Hypopharynx, mesopharynx and mu- 95. Very common in horses, intestinal torsion
cosopharynx and volvulus result from vascular obstruc-
tion and severe ischemia, which can lead
D. Orthopharynx, nasopharynx and hy- the animal to death. Among these etiolo-
popharynx gies, which one is not associated?
91. Among the diseases of domestic carni- A. Cramps
vores, parvovirus in dogs and feline pan- B. mesenteric lipomas
leukopenia are two important diseases in
the small animal clinic, obtaining the fol- C. Linear foreign bodies
lowing characteristics, except: D. dystocia deliveries
A. Cerebellar hypoplasia in newborn cats
96. Rectal bleeding
B. Dehydration, depression and vomiting
A. Darah dalam kencing
C. They are associated with important
B. berak berair
bacteria of the Parvoviridae family
C. Darah dalam berak
D. Immunosuppression and lymphoid
necrosis D. none of above
92. Occurring in all animal species, intestinal 97. Which of the following statements is
obstructions can have different etiologies, true?
except: A. The function of the liver/liver is to me-
A. Pythiosis in puppies tabolize fats, proteins and carbohydrates
B. foreign bodies B. The function of the pancreas is to pro-
duce bilirubin
C. Dogs that are fed once a day
C. In the stomach there are normal flora
D. Enteroliths in horses
bacteria E. coli
93. Storage of large amounts of food Mixing D. Most water absorption is in the je-
of food Slow emptying of chyme. They are jenum
motor functions of:
A. Small intestine 98. Gastrin stimulates the secretion of
B. Large intestine A. Acid
C. Esophagus B. carboxypeptidase
D. Stomach C. trypsin
D. chymotrypsin
94. Contains amylase (breaks down starch)
and lingual lipase (breaks down fat), 99. Colorectal cancer is currently the most
water, salts, lysozyme (bactericide) and common cause of cancer-related death in
mucin (lubricant). the world.

A. Second 105. Where are the α and β cells in the pan-

creas located?
B. Third
A. Islets of Langerhans
C. Fourth
B. Acini
D. Fifth
C. Ducts
100. Mobility layer of the stomach wall D. Hepatic cords
A. Mucosa
NARAYAN CHANGDER
106. Regarding the rectus sheath, what is an-
B. Submucos terior to the rectus muscle above the arcu-
C. fluffy ate line? Select all the apply.
D. Muscular A. External oblique aponeurosis

B. internal oblique aponeurosis
101. Why?
C. Transversalis aponeurosis
A. Where is the stomach ache?
D. Transversalis fascia
B. When stomach ache?
107. Which of the following serves as a stor-
C. Why stomach ache? age channel in the digestive system?
D. none of above A. upper part
102. What does the activation of gastric B. middle portion
pepsinogens depend on? C. lower segment
A. pH D. accessory organs
B. From the amount of gastric mucosa 108. Which cells produce insulin and what is
C. presence of water its function?
D. none of above A. alpha cells/raise blood glucose
B. beta cells/lower blood glucose
103. Which is not a function of the pancreas?
C. delta cells/inhibit alpha and beta cells
A. Production of the hormone insulin
D. F cells/inhibit somatostatin secretions
B. Production of pancreatic juice to neu-
tralize food 109. Where is the swallowing center located?
C. Production of enzymes to digest food A. Bulb and lower pons areas
D. Produces bilirubin for stool staining B. median eminence
C. Hypothalamo-pituitary
104. Cell metabolism: Set of reactions of
an organism that aims to produce for D. spinal bulb and hypothalamus
the functioning of cells. 110. Metabolism is divided into:
A. chemistry molecules A. anabolism and catabolism
B. physics energy B. Mechanical and physical process
C. mechanics energy C. chemical and mechanical process
D. chemicals energy D. physical chemical process

111. what will happen when glucose concen- 116. Which of the following is not part of the
tration in your blood getting high? small intestine is

A. Beta cell secrete glucagon and make A. rectum
you high B. duodenum
B. Beta cell secrete insulin and promotes C. fasting
movement of glucose into certain cells
D. ileum
C. alpha cell secrete glucagon and help
your blood circulation 117. Slow waves originate from:
D. alpha cell secrete insulin and give you A. enterocytes
energy B. postganglionic cells
C. interstitial cells of Cajal
112. Which diarrhea medication is a C-V con-
trolled substance? D. none of above
A. Loperamide (Imodium) 118. The gastrointestinal hormone that stimu-
B. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) lates the secretion of hydrochloric acid by
parietal cells is:
C. Atropine/diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
A. cholecystokinin.
B. The secretin.
113. The makes bile and the stores it. C. Pancreozymine.
A. Gallbladder; liver D. The gastrin.
B. Liver; gallbladder 119. The neurotransmitter that participates in
C. Gallbladder; pancreas the parasympathetic fibers is:
D. Liver; pancreas A. dopamine
B. norepinephrine
114. Regarding gastric torsion/volvulus,
judge the items and mark the correct C. serotonin
one: I-Occurs in large and giant breed D. acetylcholine
dogs;II-Meals several times a day in
large quantities;III-Intense movement af- 120. What is the organ that produces bile?
ter meals;IV-Chronic gastric dilation A. Pancreas
A. I and II. B. Gallbladder
B. I, II and III. C. Liver
C. I and III. D. none of above
D. All are correct. 121. It acts as an inhibitor and blocks the po-
tentiation of gastric motility produced by
115. Gastrin function gastrin.
A. Facilitates gastric emptying A. cholecystokinin
B. Inhibits gastric emptying B. HCL
C. protein breakdown in the stomach C. Pepsinogen
D. lipid breakdown in the stomach D. saliva

122. Occurs in the distal stomach: C. none

A. motilin D. none of above
B. gastrin
128. The secretions that lubricate the food so
C. cholecystokinin
it moves easily through the digestive tract
D. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide and also protects the epithelium are called
123. Choose which is the movement that char-
acterizes the large intestine: A. mucus
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Segmentation movements. B. water
B. Antral systolic contractions. C. digestive enzymes
C. Mild, short-range peristalsis. D. hormones
D. Haustral contractions.
129. Can I feel your tummy?
124. Which of the following would you recom-
mend when discussingconservative man- A. Boleh saya rasa perut anda?
agement of a hernia? Select all that apply. B. Boleh saya tepuk perut anda?
A. Address constipation C. Boleh saya rasa muka anda?
B. Aim for BMI 19-25
D. none of above
C. Aim to achieve a gym bench-press
record 130. Two autoimmune disorders are:
D. Stop smoking A. Diarrhea and constipation
125. Maximum frequency of concentration of B. Ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel
the terminal ileum syndrome
A. 8 to 9 contractions per minute C. Irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea
B. 5 per minute D. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
C. 12 per minute
D. 3 to 5 per minute 131. It is a condition of unusualfrequent and
liquid bowel movement.
126. Stimulates gastric acid secretion and mu- A. Diarrhea
cous growth
B. Cholera
A. Secretina
B. gastrin C. Dysentery
C. motilin D. Brain Damage
D. cholecystokinin
132. Can I tap on your stomach?
127. It has a stratified keratinized epithelium A. Boleh saya rasa perut anda?
and in some parakeratinized regions it cor-
responds to: B. Boleh saya tepuk perut anda?
A. oral cavity lining C. Boleh saya dengar dada anda?
B. esophageal cavity lining D. none of above

133. What does mucus do? 139. The large intestine is capable of:
A. Digests food in the mouth. A. Transport 1 liter of fluid every two days

B. Digests food in the stomach B. Transport 1 liters of fluid daily
C. Protects the stomach from digesting C. Transports 1/2 liter of fluid daily
iteself D. Transports 2 liters of fluid daily
D. Absorbs nutrients from food so the
body has energy. 140. Movement of annular contraction that oc-
curs in the walls of a tubular organ:
134. The greatest motility presented in the A. Antiperistalsis
gastrointestinal tract is found in:
B. Motility
A. Jejunum.
C. peristalsis
B. Duodenum.
D. Bags
C. Ileum.
D. Descending colon. 141. It is passedthrough the ingestion of food
and waterthat has been contaminated and-
135. What is the acid in the stomach? transmitted by individual who handlefood
A. HCl with unwashed hands.
B. H2SO4 A. Cholera
C. H+ B. Dysentery
D. H2O C. Diarrhea
D. Mental Block
136. The inflammation of the lining of the
stomach is called 142. This enzyme digests fats (lipids)
A. gastritis A. Protease
B. Crohn’s disease B. Carbohydrase
C. celiac disease C. Lipase
D. mucositis D. Bile
137. Types of stool 143. wear belt

A. berat badan A. wear a belt
B. bila berak B. wear a bra
C. Jenis tahi C. wear shoes
138. Color of the stool 144. Have you lost weight?

A. Warna tahi A. Boleh saya rasa perut?
B. Jenis tahi B. Ada hilang berat badan?
C. Berak berair C. Ada masalah telan?

145. Which statements are correct? A. Cholecytokinin (CCK)

A. Submucosal plexus stimulates circular B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic pep-
and longitudinal muscle tide (GIP)
B. Myenteric plexus stimulates circular C. Gastrin
and longitudinal muscle D. Secretin
C. Submucosal plexus stimulates villi E. Motilin
movement
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Myenteric plexus stimulates villi move- 149. Portions of the Digestive system are the
ment following, except
A. Oral Cavity
146. “Friendly” Bacteria are known as:
B. Stomach
A. Fibras
C. Pharynx
B. Prebiotics
D. Septum
C. only bacteria
D. probiotics 150. The ingestion process is carried out in:
A. Mouth
147. Indicate the triple therapy used to man-
age Helicobacter pylori. B. Stomach
A. Lansoprazole 30 mg. twice a day, C. Small intestine
amoxicillin 1 g twice a day and clar- D. Large intestine.
ithromycin 500 mg. 2 times a day orally
for 10 to 14 days. 151. Helicobacter pylori is commonly present
in
B. Lansoprazole 30 mg. orally 30 minutes
before breakfast, amoxicillin 1 gr 2 times A. Peptic ulcer disease
a day and metronidazole 500 mg. 2 times B. Crohn disease
a day for 10 to 14 days.
C. Ulcerative colitis
C. Lansoprazole 30 mg. orally 30 minutes
before breakfast, amoxicillin 1 gr 2 times D. GERD
a day and clarithromycin 500 mg. 2 times 152. An important treatment target for is
a day for 10 to 14 days. the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
D. Omeprazole 40 mg. orally a day, amox- A. Nausea and vomiting
icillin 1 gr. 2 times a day, metronidazole
500 mg. 2 times a day orally for 10 to 14 B. Inflammatory bowel disease
days. C. PUD
148. A 10-year old boy consumes a cheese- D. IBS
burger, fries, and chocolate shake. The
153. Where does peristalsis take place?
meal stimulates the release of several gas-
trointestinal hormones. The presence of A. Esophagus
fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duo- B. Stomach
denum stimulates the release of which of
the following hormones from the duodenal C. Pharynx
mucosa? D. none of above

154. Not a factor affecting drug absorption 159. Which of the following treats flatu-
A. Foods lence?
A. Bismuth subsalicylate

B. Physical activity
B. Simethicone
C. blood pH
C. Loperamide
D. gastrointestinal transit
D. Famotidine
155. Lipase hydrolyzes in fat, this begins 160. which one is conserved amino acid in gas-
with: trin and CCK?
A. bile and pancreatic juice A. Pentagastrin
B. The pancreas B. Octagastrin
C. The bile C. Heptagastrin
D. saliva D. trigastrin
161. (1) Doudem (2) Jejunum (3) Illium (4) Ap-
156. In order for nutrients to be absorbed,
pendix Which is part of the small intestine
they must necessarily participate in diges-
is
tion:
A. 1, 2 and 3
A. Bile and pancreatic juice.
B. 2 and 4
B. Gastric juice, bile and pancreatic juice.
C. 1 and 3
C. gastric juice and pancreatic juice D. 4
D. Saliva, gastric juice, bile and pancre- E. 1, 2, 3 and 4
atic juice.
162. Can I listen to your stomach?
157. Organ like a muscular tube with a length A. Boleh saya dengar perut anda?
of + 25 cm and a diameter of 2 cm and func-
B. Boleh saya tepuk perut anda?
tions to distribute food into the stomach is
C. Boleh saya dengar paru-paru anda?
A. Faring D. none of above
B. Larynx 163. Name secretions released by parietal

cells when food bolus reach your stomach.
C. Gaster
A. Pepsinogen
D. Esophagus
B. Intrinsic factor
E. Intestine
C. Acid hydrochloric
158. A condition in which waste is remaining D. Secretin
in the colon causing the colon to become
164. What are the stimuli for GIT hormones
abnormally enlarged
secretion (select more than one answer)
A. Resection and Anastomosis A. Distension
B. Megacolon B. Chyme Osmolarity
C. Foreign Body C. Chyme acidity
D. Intussusception D. Chyme concentration

165. Surgical removal of the appendix 170. Drugs when they are in solution form will
A. hernioplasty be absorbed mainly by
B. appendicitis A. passive diffusion
C. appendectomy B. Active transport
D. hysterectomy C. All of the above
166. What are the segment-specific types of
motility? 171. What color is your stool?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Mouth and esophagus, chewing, swal- A. Berapa lama tahi ada darah?
lowing and lower esophageal sphincter. B. Apa warna tahi?
B. Mouth and esophagus, chewing, swal- C. Bahagian mana perut sakit?
lowing, lower esophageal sphincter,
aerophagia and intestinal gas, gastric D. none of above
emptying. 172. pants are loose
C. Chewing, swallowing, lower A. seluar longgar
esophageal sphincter, aerophagia and in-
testinal gas. B. tali pinggang
D. Mouth and esophagus, chewing, swal- C. baju longgar

lowing, lower esophageal sphincter, D. none of above
aerophagia and intestinal gas.
173. Stool that has been formed will be col-
167. Where is gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) lected temporarily at
released? A. rectum
A. Upper part of the small intestine B. sigmoid colon
B. oral portion of stomach C. anus
C. caudal portion of stomach D. the blind
D. distal portion of the esophagus
174. What is the phase called, when the food
168. It is an infection of thesmall intestine that is ready for swallowing, the upward and
mayresult to severe diarrhea? backward pressure of the tongue against
A. Diarrhea the palate, drags or moves it <voluntarily>
posteriorly?
B. Dysentery
A. voluntary swallowing phase
C. Cholera
B. pharyngeal phase of swallowing
D. none of above
169. Which digestive organ functions to pro- D. voluntary phase of propulsion
duce acid to kill germs that enter with
food? 175. no need
A. mouth A. can not
B. stomach B. do not like
C. small intestine C. no need
D. colon D. none of above

176. The pancreatic juice, produced by acinar 183. Which one of the following parts of
cells, is secreted into the the GI tract has the following character-
istics:simple columnar epithelium, muscu-

A. stomach
laris mucosa, Meissner’s plexus, two lay-
B. duodenum ers of smooth muscle in the tunica mus-
C. jejunum cularis and Peyer’s patches of lymph nod-
D. ileum ules?
177. What kind of food reaches the large in- A. duodenum

testine the most? B. jejunum
A. Proteins
C. ileum
B. electrolytes and water
D. colon
C. Fiber
D. sodium and water 184. Gastrin family of hormones are (select
more than one question)
178. Which of the following is NOT a direct
cause of jaundice? A. Gastrin
A. Gallstones B. CCK
B. Hepatitis
C. Secretin
C. Cirrhosis
D. glucagon
D. Bladder infections
179. What are types of receptors available in 185. Digestion begins at:
GIT
A. Stomach
A. Mechanoreceptor
B. Mouth
B. Osmoreceptor
C. Chemoreceptor C. Small intestine
D. All of the above D. Esophagus
180. Mrs. A received IVFD Nacl therapy 0.9 186. Do you have pain in tummy?
181. Do you have problem swallowing? A. Anda ada sakit tekak?
A. Anda ada masalah sembelit?
B. Anda ada sakit perut?
B. Anda ada masalah cirit-birit?
C. Anda ada sakit kaki?
C. Anda ada masalah telan?
182. The process of absorption of water in the 187. How much?

digestive tract of food occurs in
A. How long is there blood in stool?
A. colon
B. How can you get a stomach ache?
B. rectum
C. that one C. How much poop when pooping?
D. fasting D. none of above

188. Which of the following is not a symp- 193. Enzyme responsible for formation of acid
tom? by combining water and carbon di oxide
A. Diarrhea A. Amylase
B. Emesis B. galactosidase
C. Auscultation C. carbonic anhydrase
D. seborrheic D. peptidyl transferase
194. When?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
189. All of these are functions of the liver EX-
CEPT: A. Why stomach ache?
A. Biotransformation of molecules B. When did the pain start?
B. Production of digestive enzymes C. Where is the colic?
C. Storage of glycogen, fat, vitamins, and D. none of above
iron 195. Which of the following make up the up-
D. Synthesis of bile per part of the digestive system? Select
all that apply.
190. Which enzymes does the pancreas pump
A. mouth
out? (3 answers)
B. small intestine
A. Amylase
C. esophagus
B. Protease
D. stomach
C. Lipase
D. Bile 196. What is the name of disease in which in-
testine is chronically inflamed?
191. vomiting A. peptic ulcer
A. throws up B. celiac disease
B. diarrhea C. hemorrhoids
C. constipation D. Crohn’s disease
D. none of above 197. What are the stimulus for gastrin secre-
tion?
192. In laboratory examination of food sam-
ples, the results were: Gram negative A. peptide and amino acid
staining of rods, culture on Mac Conkey B. distension
media obtained pink colonies, biochemical C. both of the above
tests of lactose fermentation (-) glucose
(+), Citrate (+), SIM motility (+) sulfur D. none of the above
(+), TSIA H2S (+). The most appropriate 198. What is an immune disease in which peo-
conclusion from the identification results is ple can’t eat gluten because it will damage
their small intestine?
A. Salmonella typhi A. peptic ulcer
B. Escherichia coli B. celiac disease
C. Shigella dysentery C. hemorrhoids
D. Staphylococcus aureus D. Crohn’s disease

199. Do you have change in bowel habit? C. Streptococcus infantarius coli

A. Berapa kali anda buang air besar? D. Campylobacter coli

B. Anda ada tabiat buang air besar tak 205. How big is big gastrin (hint:Big-big, big,
sama? gastrin, gastrin-IV)
C. Berapa kali anda buang air kecil? A. 95
D. none of above B. 34
C. 17
200. Most of the digestion takes place in:
D. 14
A. Mouth.
B. Stomach. 206. Clinical experiment is conducted in which
one group of subjects is given 50g of glu-
C. Small intestine. cose intravenously and another group is
D. The large intestine. given 50 g of glucose orally. Which of the
following factors can explain why the oral
201. How long? glucose load is cleared from the blood at
A. How much poop when pooping? a faster rate compared to the intravenous
glucose load?
B. How long is there blood in stool?
A. CCK-induced insulin release
C. What color is poop?
B. CCK-induced VIP release
D. none of above
C. GIP-induced glucagon release
202. An atrophy of the gastric mucosa causes D. GIP-induced insulin release
a decrease in the production of the intrinsic
factor of vit B12, which can produce: 207. A patient with gastroesophageal reflux
disease may receive which of the follow-
A. iron deficiency anemia ing medications?
B. Sickle cell anaemia. A. Calcium carbonate
C. Anemia megaloblastica. B. Ranitidine
D. Thalassemia. C. Omeprazole
D. All of the abouve
203. What digestive enzyme that is found in
the stomach and begins the digestion of 208. Protein digestion is catalyzed by the en-
proteins? zyme:
A. Amylase A. lactase.
B. Pepsin B. It feels like it.
C. Lipase C. Pepsin.
D. Rennin D. Lipase.
204. The type of good bacteria that helps the 209. hungry
process of decomposing food scraps in the A. full
large intestine is B. pain
A. Escherichia coli C. hungry
B. Entamoeba coli D. none of above

210. The migratory motor complexes are initi- 215. In the chemical digestion of the small in-
ated by: testine:
A. digestion periods. A. Gastrin (a hormone that stimulates
the secretion of hydrochloric acid) is pro-
B. To motilin. duced.
C. gastric secretion. B. Intestinal glands secrete intestinal
D. The bile juice. juice
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Pepsin is produced
211. How is your appetite?
D. none of above
A. Ada hilang berat badan?
216. This reflex starts from the stomach to-
B. Ada selera makan? wards the brainstem and returns to the
C. Ada selera minum? stomach to reduce the tone of the muscle
wall, which is distended to accumulate pro-
D. none of above gressive amounts of food.
212. In which disease the body’s immune sys- A. gastrocolic reflex
tem attacks the gastrointestinal tract, pos- B. ileocolic reflex
sibly targeting microbial antigens?
C. mass reflex
A. peptic ulcer D. Reflejo vagovagal
B. celiac disease
217. The gastrointestinal hormones have
C. hemorrhoids physiological effects that can be elicited
D. Crohn’s disease at normal concentrations as well as phar-
macological effect that require higher than
213. Examples of diseases of the gastroin- normal concentrations. Which of the fol-
testinal system that affect cattle, horses lowing hormone will have the direct phys-
and carnivores respectively are: iological affect to stimulate gastric acid
secretion?
A. Paratuberculosis, Brucellosis and FIP;
A. Gastrin
B. Rodococose, DVB e Parvovirose
B. Secretin
C. DVB, Paratuberculosis and PIF C. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D. DVB, Rodococose e PIF D. Motilin
214. Gastrointestinal diseases refer to dis- 218. What is the main function of the digestive
eases involving which of the following or- tract?
gans? A. Absorption
A. esophagus B. Secretion
B. intestine C. Excretion
C. liver D. Protection
D. mouth 219. Do you have constipation?
E. muscles A. Anda ada sembelit?

B. Anda ada masalah makan? B. Mesopharynx

C. Anda ada cirit-birit? C. oropharynx

D. none of above D. Hipofaringe
220. Occurs when strange objects are unsuc- 226. Numerous fingerlike projections in the
cessful in getting out of the intestinal folds of the wall of the ileum is classified
tract. as
A. Bolus
B. Colic
B. Chyme
C. Foreign Body
C. Bile
D. Intussusception
D. Villi
221. The vomiting control center is located:
A. hypothalamic 227. Within the stomach lining, cells se-
crete pepsinogen.
B. Brainstem
A. chief
C. Pituitary
B. goblet
D. spinal cord
C. principal
222. Do you have diarrhoea?
D. argentaffin
A. Anda ada sembelit?
B. Anda ada sakit perut? 228. Which part of the small intestine joins the
large intestine?
C. Anda ada cirit-birit?
A. Ileum
D. none of above
B. Duodenum
223. Can you show me where it hurts?
C. Jejunum
A. Boleh saya rasa perut anda?
D. none of above
B. Di mana sakit perut?
C. Boleh tunjuk mana sakit? 229. hard stool
D. none of above A. color together
224. The oral route does not require unusual B. some keras
aseptic processes C. type of stool
A. False
D. none of above
B. TRUE
C. Who knows 230. food poisoning
D. I don’t think A. perut berkeroncong

B. makanan tersangkut
225. In which section of the pharynx are the
palatine tonsils located? C. keracunan makanan
A. nasopharynx D. none of above

231. Which of the following manages vertigo C. Prevacid 24HR

or dizziness?
D. Asacol
A. Pepto-Bismol
B. Meclizine 237. Nausea
C. Docusate sodium A. diarrhea

D. Esomeprazole B. loya
232. Constipation C. Appetite
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. cirit-belit D. none of above
B. selera makan 238. If you have upper abdominal pain you
C. sembelit could have
D. none of above A. gastritis
233. What is esophagus? B. Crohn’s disease
A. none C. hemorrhoids
B. It is a muscular sciphil tube that con- D. Celiac disease
nects the pharynx to the stomach.
C. It is a cylindrical, muscular tube lined 239. Where is secretin released?
with mucosa that connects the pharynx A. In the duodenal mucosa in response to
with the stomach. the arrival of gastric acid
D. all B. In the esophageal mucosa in response
to the arrival of a food bolus
234. Plexus that initiates peristaltic waves
from the descending colon, sigmoid colon, C. In the gastric mucosa in response to
and rectum and propels feces toward the the arrival of the bolus and the mixture
anus D. none of above
A. Auerbach’s myenteric plexus
B. gastrointestinal plexus 240. What are the effectors after getting stim-
ulates by hormones?
C. sacral plexus
A. Muscle in the GIt walls
D. none of above
B. secretion of the exocrine glands
235. Time it takes for a material to move from
C. Both of the above
one place to the next in the digestive tract:
A. interdigestive time D. None of the above
B. Transit time 241. Feces are formed due to:
C. intradigestive time A. Excess feeding.
D. none of above
B. Malfunction of prebiotics.
236. Which of the following is OTC? C. The part of fibers that were not fer-
A. Protonix mented.
B. AcipHex D. water absorption

242. This reflex occurs 15 to 30 minutes after B. Stomach

breakfast and is carried out by the myen- C. Large intestine
teric plexus. Ignoring this reflex is a cause

of constipation. D. Small intestine
A. gastrocolic reflex 248. What happens to the large intestine dur-

B. ileocolic reflex ing the process of digesting food is
A. kill germs that come in with food
C. Reflejo vagovagal
B. absorption of water and decomposi-
D. mass reflex
tion of food remains
243. The inguinal ligament is formed from the C. carbohydrate and fat digestion
A. external oblique aponeurosis D. dissolving water-soluble vitamins
B. internal oblique aponeurosis
249. The teeth that work to tear food are
C. Scarpa’s fascia .
D. transversalis abdominis fascia A. seri
244. In this area of the stomach adaptive re- B. tight

laxation occurs: C. premolars
A. medial portion D. back molars
B. proximal portion 250. About chewing, how do digestive en-
C. distal portion zymes work?
D. none of above A. They act on the surfaces of food parti-
cles
245. The sphincter that connects the esopha-
B. They act on the surfaces of the stom-
gus to the stomach is the
ach walls.
A. the cards C. They act on the gastric juice
B. Fundus D. none of above
C. Body
251. Muscular organ that churns and mashes
D. Pyloric food into chyme
E. Gaster A. Saliva
246. The movement of the esophagus so that B. Tonuge
food enters the stomach is called C. Esophagus
A. spontaneous D. Stomach
B. relaxation
252. In the gastrointestinal system, the pres-
C. peristaltic ence of bile favors the
D. contraction A. Distribution
247. The first place where protein breaks B. Elimination
down is: C. Release
A. Mouth D. Absorption

1.8 Cardiovascular Physiology 252
253. Peak frequency of small bowel segmen- 256. One of the following is NOT part of the
tation concentrations digestive system
A. 12 per minute A. Pharynx
B. 1 per minute B. Larynx
C. from 3 to 5 per world C. Esophagus

D. 8 to 9 per minute
NARAYAN CHANGDER
257. It is a simple continuation of the peri-
254. because of staltic wave that begins in the pharynx
A. jika and continues towards the esophagus dur-
ing the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.
B. kalau
A. primary peristalsis
C. pasal / kerana
B. Secondary peristaltism
D. none of above C. voluntary swallowing phase
255. It helps to keep the food longer for better D. Pharyngeal stage
absorption of nutrients and can receive a
258. How many segment-specific types of
reverse pressure of 50 to 60 cm of water.
motility are there?
A. Valvula ileocecal A. 7
B. Esfinter pillory B. 6
C. Esfinter duodenal C. 5
D. The reflection of the mass D. 4
1.8 Cardiovascular Physiology

1. Normal range for heart rate of the heart from bodily parts below the
A. 60-100 bpm diaphragm.
B. 40-60 bpm A. Carotlid artery
C. 50-100 bpm B. Superior Vena Cava
D. 6-10 bpm C. Inferior Vena Cava

D. Pulmonary Vein
2. Blood pressure when the ventricles are re-
laxing is known as 4. Which part of the brain performs basic con-
A. systolic blood pressure trol of the heart?
B. diastolic blood pressure A. medulla oblongata
C. mean arterial pressure B. amygdala
D. hydrostatic pressure C. cerebellum

D. diencephalon
3. A vein that is the largest vein in the human
body and returns blood to the right atrium 5. What is the main function of the heart?

A. To prevent blood from moving in the 11. Movement of blood from the heart to the
wrong direction lungs

B. To regulate body temperature A. pulmonary circulation
C. To pump blood throughout the body B. systemic circulation
D. To replace oxygen with carbon dioxide
C. conduction
6. The latin translation of ‘Erythrocyte’ is D. heart murmur
A. Hollow cell
B. Red cell 12. What is the function (job) of the white
blood cells?
C. White cell
D. clotting cell A. To transport oxygen around the body.
E. Hollow vein B. To carry dissolved sugars.
7. measurement of blood pressure while the C. To clot and cover wounds like cuts and
ventricles are contracting grazes.
A. diastolic pressure D. To release antibodies to help destroy

infections.
B. systolic pressure
C. ventricular pressure 13. What transports blood from the body be-
D. top pressure low the diaphragm to the heart?
8. Which protein within red blood cells is re- A. superior vena cava
sponsible for carrying oxygen? B. inferior vena cava
A. Haemoglobin C. subclavian veins
B. Globin
D. pulmonary veins
C. Myoglobin
D. Oxyglobin 14. The heart is the size of your fist and is
a/an
9. What is the most common blood type
among Americans? A. organelle/
A. A B. organ/muscle
B. B C. organelle/muscle
C. O D. muscle
D. AB
15. What type of effect is shown when there
10. Regarding purkinje fiber which statement is a change in force of contraction of the
is TRUE cardiac muscle?
A. The fibers lie in the epicardium.
A. chronotropic
B. The fiber has lower density of myofib-
rils. B. dromotropic
C. It does not contain intercalated disk. C. inotropic

D. It is similar with cardiac muscle. D. bathmotropic

16. Quivering or spontaneous muscle contrac- C. Capillaries

tion of the heart is called:
D. Arteries
A. ischemia
B. infraction 22. In order to increase blood flow, there
needs to be a(n) in the pressure gra-
C. embolism dient and a(n) in the resistance.
D. fibrillation A. increase; increase
NARAYAN CHANGDER
17. the space between fibrous and serous B. decrease; decrease
layer that allows smooth movement of the
heart C. increase; decrease
A. epicardial space D. decrease; increase

B. pericardial space 23. Which of the following best describes
C. myocardial space the connection between cardiovascular dis-
ease and age?
D. endocardial space
A. As people age, their blood vessels be-
18. Which intercalated disk /interdigitating come more elastic leading to less cardio-
junction allows electrical continuity? vascular disease.
A. Desmosomes B. As people age, the heart becomes
B. Fascia adherens more efficient with each pump, increasing
C. Gap junctions cardiac output.
D. Macula adherens C. As people age, blood pressure de-

creases leading to more cardiovascular
19. An inadequate blood supply to surrounding disease.
tissues is called:
D. As people age, plaque builds up in
A. malnutrition the arteries increasing vessel resistance,
B. ischemia which leads to disease.
C. infarction 24. What type of effect is shown when there
D. hypocapnia is a change in heart rate and rhythm?
20. What receives blood from the atrium and A. chronotropic

pumps it out of the heart? B. dromotropic
A. aorta C. inotropic
B. pulmonary artery D. bathmotropic
C. pulmonary vein
D. ventricle 25. State derivative of valve in the vein.
A. Tunica adventitia
21. Type of blood vessels taking blood to the
heart B. Tunica media
A. Venules C. Endothelium
B. Veins D. Vasa vasorum

26. What happens at the site of capillaries? 31. Which blood vessels are small and thin
Select as many options as feel are correct. enough to allow for the diffusion of gases
and nutrients into and out of circulation?

A. oxygen is transferred to the tis-
sue/organ A. Capillaries
B. Nutrients are transferred to the tis- B. Venules
sue/organ
C. Arterioles
C. Carbon dioxide is extracted from the
tissue/organ D. Veins
D. Waste products are extracted from the
tissue/organ 32. What is the liquid part of the blood which
contains water, proteins, salt and sus-
27. The combining form meaning clotting. pends the other blood cells
A. ather/o A. Saliva
B. vascul/o
B. Platelets
C. coagul/o
C. Plasma
D. constrict/o
D. mucus
28. how many chambers are there in the heart
A. 1 33. What is the function of the veins?
B. 4 A. carry blood away from the heart and to
C. 6 the major organs of the body
D. 8 B. valve regulate the flow of blood be-
tween the chambers
the heart is incorrect? C. the cells that flow through the circula-
tory system
A. the atria are receiving and upper cham-
bers of the heart D. carry blood back to the heart away
B. the ventricles are the pumping and from the major organs of the body
lower chambers of the heart
34. The suffix meaning surgical removal.
C. the tricuspid and bicuspid valves pre-
vent the backflow of blood into the atria A. -plasty
D. the lub sound of the heart in the lub- B. -ostomy
dub is caused by the closing of the semilu-
C. -otomy
nar valves
D. -ectomy
30. The largest vein in the body that returns
de-oxygenated blood from the body to the 35. An EKG is actually a
heart.
A. A ratio
A. Pulmonary Vein
B. Pulmonary Artery B. An equation
C. Vena cava C. A time frame

D. Aorta D. A graph

36. liquid portion of blood that contains mostly C. Bundle of His

water and many dissolved substances D. Perkinje Fibers
A. plasma
42. What layer of an artery or vein is primar-
B. erythrocytes ily composed of smooth muscle?
C. leukocytes A. tunica externa
D. thrombocytes B. tunica media
NARAYAN CHANGDER
37. Which does NOT get transported by the C. tunica interna
blood D. none of above
A. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
43. Which of the following take blood away
B. Nutrients from the heart?
C. Waste A. Veins
D. Muscle fibre B. Capillaries
38. how many valves are in the heart? C. Arteries
A. 5 D. Vena Cava
B. 2 44. what is the base of the heart called?

C. 4 A. apex
D. 3 B. bottom
C. atria
39. The top half of the heart is referred to as
D. hypo
A. ventricles
B. atria 45. At the instant following the second heart
sound, which heart valves are open?
C. chambers
A. Both atrioventricular valves and
D. aorta semilunar valves
40. After the AV node fires the B. Atrioventricular valves only
A. left and right ventricle contract and C. All valves are closed
and tricuspid and bicuspid valve closes D. Semilunar valves only
B. right atrium and right ventricle con-
46. Plasma is made mostly of
tracts and tricuspid and bicuspid valve
open. A. water
C. left and right ventricle contract and B. dissolved molecules
and tricuspid and bicuspid valve open C. a mixture of formed elements
D. left atrium and left ventricle contract D. all of the above
and tricuspid and bicuspid valve closes
47. What gas is a waste product carried by the
41. Label all parts of conduction system blood?
A. AV node A. oxygen
B. SA Node B. water

C. nutrients 53. What is the function (job) of the thrombo-

cytes (platelets)?
D. carbon dioxide

A. To form clots (i.e. scabs) when you
48. valve between the left ventricle and aorta have cuts and grazes.
A. bicuspid / mitral B. To transport oxygen to the muscles
B. tricuspid C. To carry dissolved sugars.

D. To produce antibodies
C. aortic
D. pulmonary 54. The firing of the sinoatrial node (SAN)
causes
49. Which of these is the largest component of A. The atria to contract and empty
blood? B. The ventricles to contract and empty
A. red Blood cells C. The atria to relax and fill
B. platelets D. The ventricles to relax and fill
C. white blood cells 55. what are the “receiving chambers” of the
D. plasma heart?
A. atria
50. The large arterial trunk that carries blood
B. veins
from the heart to be distributed by branch
arteries through the body. C. ventricle
A. Aorta D. arteries
B. Artery 56. On an ECG, ventricular repolarization is

during the
C. Atrium
A. P Wave
D. Arteriole
B. B Wave
51. how many directions does blood flow in a C. T Wave
healthy heart? D. V Wave
A. 2
57. What type of bathmotropism decreases
B. 1 the excitability of cardiac muscles?
C. 4 A. negative
D. 3 B. postive
C. parasympathetic
52. When the right ventricle contracts blood is
D. sympathetic
pumped to what structure?
A. Left Atrium 58. What’s in the Circulatory (Cardiovascular)
system?
B. Pulmonary Artery
A. consists of heart, veins and brain
C. the body
B. consists of heart, blood vessels and
D. none of above blood

C. consists of heart, blood and lungs A. Pulmonary and aortic valves

D. consists of heart, brain and bladder B. Aortic and mitral valves
59. blood vessels that carry blood to the heart; C. Aortic and tricuspid valves
have valves to prevent the backflow of D. Pulmonary and tricuspid valves
blood
64. When the ventricular walls contract, the
A. arteries papillary muscles
B. veins
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. contract
C. capillaries B. relax
D. none of above C. extend
60. Vessels that send blood away from the D. pull the vanes of the valves towards
heart are called the atria
A. arteries 65. Small blood vessels where gas exchange
B. veins occurs in the
C. capillaries A. ateries
D. muscles B. capillaries
C. the cells that flow through the circula-
61. An abnormal widening or ballooning of tory system
a blood vessel due to wall weakness is
called a(n): D. veins
A. commissure 66. Which of the following is considered the

pacemaker of the heart?
B. stenosis
A. SA node
C. sclerosis
B. AV node
D. aneurysm
C. purkinje fibers
62. Which of the statements does NOT de-
D. Bundle of His
scribe why atrial defect or dysfunction is
only felt during exercise or when there is 67. Which artery supply blood to the cells and
increased demand for oxygen. tissues in the brain and face?
A. the blood from atrial contraction is A. Carotid
needed
B. Hepatic
B. the blood from ventricular filling is not
C. Coronary
available
D. Thoracic
C. both
D. none of above 68. Small vessels that carries blood to and
from almost all the body cells and connects
63. The heart contracts twice for every heart- arteries and veins
beat. One contraction is the atrial con- A. Arterioles
traction while the other is the ventricu-
lar contraction. During ventricular contrac- B. Arteries
tion, which two valves of the heart open? C. Veins

D. Venules B. anemia
E. Capillaries C. a heart block

69. Which of the following statements about D. a premature contraction
blood vessels is not true?
74. The pathway of single circulation is
A. pulmonary blood vessels carry ex-
A. heart-body-gills-heart
change blood between the heart and lungs
B. heart-gills-body-heart
B. arteries are typically red in color
C. heart-body-gills-body-heart
C. arteries carry blood away from the
heart and veins carry blood to the heart D. body-heart-gills-heart
D. all arteries carry oxygenated blood 75. Order the phases as an action potential
and all veins carry deoxygenated blood travels within in the conduction system.
70. Which statement below correctly matches A. SA node→ AV bundle branches→ AV
the structure with its function? node→ Purkinje fibers
A. Veins carry blood away from the heart B. SA node→ AV node→ AV bundle
B. The atria are the high pressure receiv- branches→ Purkinje fibers
ing chambers of the heart C. Av bundle branches→ AV node→ SA
C. the sinoatrial node initiates the action node→ Purkinje fibers
potential that causes the heart to beat D. Purkinje fibers→ SA node→ AV
D. contractile cardiac muscle cells can node→ AV bundle branches
trigger their own action potentials without
76. Which one of the following series repre-
neural input
sents the correct path of blood circulation?
71. Which chamber of the heart sends deoxy- A)left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right
genated blood to the lungs by the pul- atrium, right ventricle B)right atrium, right
monary artery? ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle
C)left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium,
A. Right atrium
right ventricle, lungs D)right atrium, lungs,
B. Right ventricle right ventricle, left atrium, body, left ven-
C. Left atrium tricleE)left atrium, lungs, left ventricle,
body, right atrium, right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
A. left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right
72. The life function that is responsible for atrium, right ventricle, body
moving blood and materials is..
B. right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left
A. locomotion atrium, left ventricle, body
B. circulation C. left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium,
C. digestion right ventricle, lungs, body
D. response to stimuli D. right atrium, lungs, right ventricle, left
atrium, body, left ventricle
73. In healthy people, caffeine, nicotine, or
stress can cause 77. Blood entering the Left Atrium is
A. erythrocytisis A. Carrying CO2

B. Without CO2 83. The AV node is known as the (a) of the

C. Oxygenated heart
D. Deoxygenated A. gatekeeper
B. pacemaker
78. Which blood vessel carry blood away from
the heart? C. control center
A. arteries D. regulator
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. veins 84. The four blood vessels which are used dur-
C. capillaries ing the cardiac cycle have the initials ?
D. none of above A. LA, LV, RA, RV
B. PA, PV, RA, RV
79. Which of following are parts of the cardio-
vascular system C. LV, LA, A, VC
A. Spleen D. PA, PV, A, VC
B. heart E. PA, LA, RA, LV
C. Liver 85. Which of the following delivers oxygen to
D. Arteries cells?
E. Lymphatic vessels A. Red Blood cells
80. Systemic circulation B. White blood cells
A. carry blood to the left side of the heart C. Platelets

B. carry blood to the right side of the D. Plasma
heart
86. Blood returning to the heart from the pul-
C. carry oxygenated blood from lungs to monary circuit first enters the
heart
A. right atrium.
D. carry red oxygenated blood
B. right ventricle
81. Unpleasant sensation in the stomach C. left atrium
A. nausea D. left ventricle
B. ischemia
C. emesis the valves of the heart is false?
D. dyspnea A. The tricuspid valve is the semilunar
82. AB blood can be given to valve on the right side of the heart
A. A B. The aortic valve prevents back flow

into the left ventricle
B. B
C. The pulmonary valve guards the base
C. both A & B of the pulmonary trunk
D. only AB D. The mitral valve has two cusps be-
E. every type of blood tween the left atrium and left ventricle

88. What is the name of the problem that hap- B. SA → AV → Bundle of HIS → Bundle
pens when the heart cannot pump enough Branches → Purkinje Fibres
blood for the body’s needs? C. AV → Bundle of HIS → SA → Bundle

A. Atherosclerosis Branches → Purkinje Fibres
B. Heart failure D. Bundle of HIS → AV → Bundle
Branches → SA → Purkinje Fibers
C. Heart attack
D. Stroke 93. what is the measurement of blood pres-
sure while the heart ventricles are con-
89. Which is correct for the route of blood tracting called?
A. Blood in the right ventricle is pumped A. diastolic pressure
to the lungs B. systolic pressure
B. Blood in the right ventricle is pumped C. aorta pressure
to the body D. artery pressure
C. Blood in the right ventricle is pumped
94. This valve guards the atrioventricular ori-
to the right atrium
fice on either side of the heart.
D. Blood in the right ventricle is pumped
A. Pulmonary Valve
to the left ventricle
B. Mitral Valve
90. What is the name of the serous membrane C. Aortic Valve
that lines the inside of the heart’s 4 cham-
bers? D. Atrioventricular Valve
A. endocardium 95. Which ion allows hemoglobin to readily

bind with oxygen?
B. myocardium
A. Fe2+
C. epicardium
B. Na+
D. pericardium
C. K+
91. Which of the following statements is D. Ca2+
false?
96. Which chambers of the heart contain oxy-
A. Plasma is a yellowy liquid containing genated blood? Select all that apply
water
A. Right Ventricle
B. Deoxygenated blood returns to the
B. Left Ventricle
lungs via the pulmonary artery
C. Right Atria
C. 55% of the blood volume is made up of
blood cells D. Left Atria
D. White blood cells are generally bigger 97. always carries blood away from the
than red blood cells heart.
A. Veins
92. Which is the correct path of electrical im-
pulses through the heart? B. Arteries
A. SA → Purkinje Fibres → Bundle of HIS C. Capillaries
→ AV → Bundle Branches D. none of above

98. responsible for carrying o2 and co2; red 103. Blood becomes bright red in color because
blood cells of the
A. erythrocytes A. amount of folic acid present
B. leukocytes
B. amount of hemoglobin present
C. thrombocytes
C. amount of oxygen present
D. none of above
D. amount of iron present
99. what is the largest artery?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. arterioles 104. When the diameter of a blood vessel in-
B. aorta creases due to a neural response
C. ventricles A. Vasoconstriction
D. apex
B. Vasodilation
100. A record of the electrical activity of the
C. Arterioconstrictio
heart.
A. echocardiogram D. Arteriodilation
B. electrocardiogram
105. Which is the smallest of the 3 blood ves-
C. electrocardiography sels?
D. echocardiography
A. Veins
101. Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called
B. Arteries
a(n)
A. Nodal rhythm C. Capillaries
B. Heart block D. none of above
C. Ectopic focus
106. The second heart sound “dupp” is caused
D. Arrhythmia
by the
E. Sinus rhythm
A. aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves
102. What is the main pathway of blood in the closing
body?
B. tricuspid and bicuspid valves closing
A. Heart → Veins → Venules → Capillar-
ies → Arterioles → Arteries → back to C. right and left ventricles contracting
heart
D. tricuspid and bicuspid valves opening
B. Heart → Arterioles → Arteries →
Capillaries → Veins → Venules → back 107. Where does the blood go after it leaves
to heart the right ventricle?
C. Heart → Arteries → arterioles →
Capillaries → venules → Veins → back A. pulmonary artery
to heart B. pulmonary vein
D. Heart → Venules → Veins → Capillar-
C. aorta
ies → Arterioles → Arteries→ back to
heart D. vena cava

108. During exercise the skin reddens because C. pacemaker tissues

D. conductive tissues

A. Sweat is red
114. is the branch of medicine concerned
B. Capillaries close to the surface expand with the study of blood and blood dis-
to release heat eases.
C. The skin is cold A. Hematology
D. none of above B. Homeostasis
109. Electrical initiation of the heartbeat be- C. Hematopoiesis
gins in this chamber of the heart. D. Hemostasis
A. Right Atrium
115. What is Rh factor?
B. Left Atrium
A. An enzyme that speeds up the flow of
C. Right Ventricle blood
D. Left Ventricle B. An chemical that thins out the blood
110. What antigen is found on the surface of C. A protein found on the surface of white
type A blood? blood cells
A. A D. A protein found on the surface of red
blood cells
B. B
C. both A & B 116. Which of the following are the blood ves-
sels that allows exchange between the
D. nothing blood and body tissue cells?
111. The measurement of blood pressure dur- A. Veins
ing cardiac contraction B. Arteries
A. systolic C. Capillaries
B. diastolic D. none of above
C. bradycardia
117. The function of the cardiovascular system
D. sphygmomanometer is to bring and to cells
112. The three step process that stops blood A. blood, plasma
flowing from a cut is called B. blood, nutrienrts
A. hemostasis C. O2, nutrients
B. homeostasis D. CO2, nutrients
C. coagulation
118. the function of the heart is
D. agglutination
A. pumping blood to your brain
113. source of the impulse of cardiac muscle B. pumping oxygen throughout your body
contraction C. pumping blood throughout the body to
A. pericardium all organs
B. cardiac muscles D. none of above

119. The suffix meaning development. 124. Regulation of the Cardiac Cycle
A. -pathy A. Incorrect
B. -version B. Correct
C. -trophy C. Incorrect
D. -tomy D. Incorrect
120. Which of the following lists the valves in 125. What is the fluid-filled sac that surrounds
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the order through which the blood flows the heart. The fluid contained within this
from the vena cava through the heart? sac prevents friction between the heart
muscle and surrounding tissues.
A. tricuspid, pulmonary, bicuspid, aortic
A. pericardium
B. mitral, pulmonary, bicuspid, aortic
B. myocardium
C. bicuspid, aortic, tricuspid, pulmonary
C. endocardium
D. aortic semilunar, pulmonary, tricuspid,
bicuspid D. parietal pleura
121. Circulation involving the lungs is called 126. THE HEART AND THE BLOOD VESSELS
AND THE BLOOD MAKE UP WHAT SYS-
TEM?
A. Pulmonary Circulation
A. URINARY
B. Cutaneous Circulation
B. SKELETAL
C. Systemic Circulation
C. CIRCULATORY
D. Cardiac Convendency
D. MUSCULAR
122. Which of the following veins have oxy-
genated blood? 127. What is the aorta?
A. Pulmonary vein A. largest vein leading back to the heart
B. Vena cava B. largest artery leading away from the
heart
C. Hepatic vien
C. a chamber of the heart
D. Umbilical viens
D. artery leading from the heart to the
123. How is the volume pumped by the heart lungs
regulated?
128. is an inherited condition in which red
A. intrinsic cardiac regulation of pumping
blood cells and hemoglobin molecules do
response to changes in vol of blood flow-
not form properly.
ing into the heart
A. Sickle cell anemia
B. control of heart rate and strength of
heart pumping by the ANS B. Leukemia
C. all of the above C. Leukocytosis
D. none of the above D. Anemia

129. What is the proten, Hemoglobin, respon- C. SVT

sible for? D. MVP

A. Responisble for transporting oxygen
135. Proteins produced by the immune system
B. Reponsible for breaking down proteins
that destroy foreign substances
C. Responsible for pumping blood
A. antigens
D. Responsible to make the heart work
B. agglutinates
130. Pulse is measured in this type of blood C. platelets
vessel..
D. antibodies
A. vein
B. valve 136. Which of the following are the blood ves-
sels that carry blood to the heart?
C. capillaries
A. Veins
D. arteries
B. Arteries
131. An electrocardiogram measures what?
C. Capillaries
A. The amount of pressure exerted on
D. none of above
blood vessels.
B. The electrical activity of the heart. 137. What does a normal cardiac cycle consist
C. How many times the heart contracts of?
over time. A. 2 atria contracting while 2 ventricles
D. The body’s temperature caused by fric- relax, then vice versa.
tion of blood in vessel. B. 1 atria contract while the other relaxes
132. What is the name of the redirection of C. 2 ventricle and 1 atria contract, while
blood flow to the areas where it is most the other atria relaxes
needed? D. none of above
A. Cardiac Output
138. Blood that leaves the lungs and is head-
B. Bicuspid Valve ing back to the heart is traveling through
C. Vascular Shunting the
D. none of above A. pulmonary veins
133. Liquid part of blood B. pulmonary arteries
A. plasma C. aorta
B. erythrocytes D. vena cava

C. hemoglobin 139. (a) blood toward the heart.
D. white blood cells A. arteries
134. A CABG is a surgical treatment for: B. oxygenated
A. CAD C. veins
B. DVT D. deoxygenated

140. The blood vessels that are the inter- B. tricuspid

change between arteries and veins are C. aortic
called
D. pulmonary
A. arterioles
B. venules 146. The sympathetic nervous system has
what effect on heart rate?
C. veins
A. Slows it down
D. capillaries
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Speeds it up
141. Vessels that send blood back to the heart C. Maintains it
are called
D. none of above
A. veins
147. Which of the following statements de-
B. arteries
scribes ejection fraction?
C. capillaries
A. The LV normally is able to eject about
D. muscle 60% of the blood volume left in the ventri-
cles at the end of relaxation or diastole.
142. A vein that is the second largest vein in
the human body and returns blood to the B. It refers to the volume of blood ejected
right atrium of the heart from the upper per beat.
half of the body. C. It refers to the number of beats per
A. Inferior Vena Cava minute.
B. Superior Vena Cava D. All of the above.
C. Pulmonary Vein 148. Which circuit carries blood from the heart,
D. Ventricle to the body and back?
A. Circulatory
143. Which of the following are the blood ves-
sels that helps blood flow to the heart? B. Pulmonary
A. Veins C. Respiratory
B. Arteries D. Nervous
C. Cappillaries 149. what type of blood is the universal donor
D. none of above A. A
144. Blood gets brought into the left atrium B. B
via the C. O
A. Pulmonary Artery D. AB
B. Vena Cavas 150. What can slow down or speed up the pac-
C. Right atrium ing of the heart
D. Pulmonary veins A. atrial fibers
145. Valve between the right atrium and right B. neurotransmitters

ventricle C. minerals
A. bicuspid / mitral D. none of above

151. What divides the left side of the heart 157. Why does the left ventricle have thicker
from the left side? walls than the right ventricle?

A. Atrium A. So it can pump the blood a short dis-
B. Ventricles tance to the lungs
C. Wall B. Because it is weaker than the right
D. Septum side
152. Capillaries enlarge to become , which C. So it has the strength to pump the
take blood to the veins. blood all around the body
A. arterioles D. Because it carries blood at high pres-

sure
B. veins
C. venules 158. What are the 3 factors that affect vascu-
D. arteries lar resistance?
153. What is the name of the circulation be- A. Blood pressure, blood volume, blood
tween the heart and lungs? vessel length
A. Diastolic B. Blood viscosity, blood vessel length,
blood vessel diameter
B. Systemic
C. Pulmonary C. Blood volume, blood vessel length,
blood vessel diameter
D. Coronary
D. blood pressure, blood volume, blood
154. Echo- vessel diameter
A. environment
B. light 159. What is the role of veins in the cardiovas-
cular system?
C. reflected sound
A. Carry blood away from the heart
D. bone
B. Carry blood back to the heart
155. Blood cell that protect the body against
infection C. Carry blood to the lungs
A. Platelets D. Allows the exchanges of gases, nutri-
B. Plasma ents and wastes between blood and the
tissues
C. Hemoglobin
D. White Blood Cells 160. When the heart is relaxing in between
E. Blood beats it fills with blood. The heart is said
to be in
156. What is Heart Rate?
A. Systole
A. Number of beats per second
B. Number of beats per minute B. Contraction
C. Number of beats per hour C. Diastole

D. none of above D. Sleep mode

161. Atrial contraction contributes to about 167. -graph

to the filling of the ventricles. A. a picture or record
A. 80% B. a picture or record on a machine
B. 20% C. the process of producing a picture or
C. 5% record
D. 100% D. abronomal narrowing
NARAYAN CHANGDER
162. The job of the heart is to 168. What is this the definition of:’The number
of times the heart beats per minute’
A. pump blood around the body.
A. Heart rate
B. send food to the small intestines.
B. Stroke volume
C. break down food.
C. Cardiac output
D. give energy to the body.
D. Breathing rate
163. The pace maker of the Heart is 169. Which of the following statements about
A. Sinoatrial Node (SAN) AEDs is false?
B. Atrioventricular Node (AVN) A. They are tools for someone experienc-
ing sudden cardiac arrest
C. Purkinje Fibers
B. An AED can be used to restart a heart
D. Semilunar Valves with no electrical activity
164. In single circulation, the heart pumps C. They get the cardiac cells contracting
in sync again
A. Oxygenated blood
D. They work by stopping the heart for a
B. Deoxygenated blood
second in order to reset it
C. mixed blood
170. What is the function (job) of the
D. blood-nutrients platelets?
165. Which of the following blood vessels has A. To form clots (i.e. scabs) when you
a valve along its length? have cuts and grazes.
A. capillary B. To transport oxygen to the muscles
B. artery C. To carry dissolved sugars.
C. vein D. To produce antibodies
D. none of above 171. What is the role of capillaries in the car-

diovascular system?
166. What is the layer of the heart used for
protection and covers the heart?
A. Pericardium
C. Carry blood to the lungs
B. Epicardium
D. Allows the exchanges of gases, nutri-
C. Myocardium ents and wastes between blood and the
D. Endocardium tissues

172. Which is NOT a part of the cardiovascular 178. The is a double-walled sac around the
system? heart.

A. Capillaries A. Pericardium
B. Heart B. Myocardium
C. Arteries C. Endocardium
D. Ligaments D. Epicardium
173. The Cardiac conduction system starts at
179. Which circuit carries blood from the heart,
which of the following locations?
to the lungs and back to the heart
A. AV Node
A. Respiratory
B. Bundle of His
B. Pulmonary
C. Purkinje fibers
C. Cardiac
D. SA Node
D. Systemic
174. carry blood to the heart.
180. These are between the atria and ventri-
A. Arteries
cles that allow blood to flow through the
B. Veins chambers
C. Capillaries A. Pulmonary Circulation
D. Vena Cava B. Valves
175. This determines whether a person’s C. Atria
blood type is positive or negative D. Ventricles
A. Rh factor E. Septum
B. platelets
181. This externally separates the atria and
C. D antibodies
ventricle area.
D. plasma
A. Interatrial Septum
176. Inflammation of the heart. B. Interventricular Septum
A. endocarditis C. Atrioventricular Sulcus
B. valvulitis D. Interventricular Sulci
C. myocarditis
182. The circulatory system uses to cir-
D. carditis
culate nutrients and oxygen and remove
177. Blood consists mainly of: waste.
A. Plasma A. water
B. Platelets B. blood
C. White blood cells C. air
D. Red blood cells D. saliva

183. What physical feature of large systemic B. To transport oxygen around the body.
arteries (resistance vessels) makes them
C. To carry dissolved nutrients and sug-
relatively more responsive to changes in
ars.
intracellular calcium concentrations?
D. To transport oxygen around the body.
A. Thick tunica media
B. Absent tunica media 189. Valves that are not shutting properly in
C. Thick tunica intima the legs causes
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Absent tunica intima A. myocardial infarction
B. atherosclerosis
184. What are Thrombocytes?
C. varicose veins
A. Platelets
D. hypertension
B. Red blood cells
C. White Blood Cells 190. What causes the valves of the heart to
D. Plasma open/close?
A. an electric impulse
185. What wall separates the left side and
right side of the heart? B. pressure
A. Ventricle C. muscle tissue
B. Atrium D. Pacemaker cells
C. Septum 191. Can donate red blood cells to only B & AB
D. The Great Wall
A. Type O
186. Types of cells in the blood that causes B. Type AB
blood clots to form
C. Type B
A. Platelets
D. Type A
B. Blood
C. Plasma 192. A tiny blood vessel that allows for ex-
change between the blood and cells in the
D. Hemoglobin tissues in the body is called a
E. White blood cells
A. Blood vessel
187. The average body temperature is approx- B. Capillary
imately:
C. Vein
A. 36.5 degrees Celsius
D. Artery
B. 37 degrees Celsius
C. 37.5 degrees Celsius 193. Blood going into the aorta is
D. 38 degrees Celsius A. low on oxygen
B. filled with oxygen
188. What is the function (job) of the plasma?
C. ready for the heart
A. To release antibodies to fight infec-
tions. D. next going to the inferior vena cava

194. Which component of blood is responsible 199. valve between the left atrium and left
for the transport of oxygen? ventricle

A. plasma A. bicuspid / mitral
B. red blood cells B. tricuspid
C. aortic
C. white blood cells
D. pumonary
D. platelets
200. Where does the blood go after it goes
195. All veins contain deoxygenated blood and into the pulmonary arteries?
are colored blue EXCEPT the A. lungs
A. vena cava B. heart
B. right atrium C. head
C. right ventricle D. hands
D. pulmonary vein 201. The Tricuspid Valve is found
A. Between Left Atrium and Left Ventricle
196. Where are the Bundle of HIS and
branches located? B. Between Right Atrium and Right Ventri-
cle
A. Septum
C. Between Left Ventricle and the Aorta
B. Sternum
D. Between Right Ventricle and Pul-
C. Septal monary Artery
D. Scapula 202. Which of the following blood groups is
known as the universal donor?
197. What the the functions of the Circulatory
A. A
System? (Multiple answers)
B. B
A. Transports materials (gases, nutri-
ents, waste products, molecules, hor- C. AB
mones) to differentparts of the body D. O
B. Removes waste products (cell waste 203. Oxygen-poor blood arrives to the heart
and carbon dioxide) from the the body via the
C. helps your body move A. aorta
D. Fights diseases B. pulmonary arteries
C. superior and inferior vena cava
198. is where red blood cells are produced
D. pulmonary veins
A. hemoglobin
204. The SA node is known as the
B. bone marrow
A. gatekeeper
C. leukocytes B. control center
D. erythrocytes C. pacemaker
E. platelets (thrombocytes) D. impulse center

205. the largest artery in the body; conducts C. Systemic Circulation

freshly oxygenated blood from the heart
D. Ventricular Circulation
to tissues
A. aorta 211. In cardiopulmonary resuscitation, chest
B. pulmonary artery compressions provide artificial
C. superior vena cava A. blood circulation
D. inferior vena cava B. defibrillation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
206. AB blood can recieve blood from C. repolarization
A. A D. lung ventilation
B. B
212. The top chambers of the heart are called
C. both A & B
A. ventricles
D. only AB
B. atria
E. every type of blood
C. vena cava
207. Combining form that means “vein”
D. valves
A. ven/i
B. coron/o 213. Which of the following are the blood ves-
sels that have valves?
C. dia-
A. Veins
D. ventricul/o
B. Arteries
208. How many valves does the heart have?
C. Cappillaries
A. 7
D. none of above
B. 4
C. 3 214. The parasympathetic nervous system
D. 2 stimulates the SAN through
A. The phrenic nerve
209. Regular exercise causes stroke volume to
B. The accelerator nerve
A. Increase C. The sciatic nerve
B. Decrease D. The vagus nerve
C. Remain the Same
215. The only vein in the body that delivers
D. Stop
Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the
210. The branch of the circulatory system that heart.
supplies all body organs and then returns A. Pulmonary Vein
oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via
the veins. B. Pulmonary Artery
A. Carotid Circulation C. Vena cava
B. Pulmonary Circulation D. Aorta

216. Select all that apply to veins 222. Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium
A. Oval lumen channel blockers are used to treat what
kind of condition?

B. have valves
C. Thick muscular layers A. hypertrophy
D. Blood pressure within them is low B. hypertension

E. Carries blood to the heart C. angina
217. -stenosis D. thrombophlebitis
A. narrowing; tightening
B. loosening 223. Abnormal thickening and hardening of
fatty plaque in a blood vessel is called:
C. neck
A. atherosclerosis
D. injury
B. atherostenosis
218. The beat of the heart felt at an artery
A. pulse C. hyperlipidemia
B. pulse site D. arteriostenosis
C. brachial
224. what is the location of the Purkinje
D. none of above
fibers?
219. A blood vessel that takes blood AWAY
A. surrounding the heart
from the heart to the body’s organs is
called B. in ventricle walls
A. vein C. on top of the heart
B. capillary
D. in artery walls
C. blood vessel
D. artery 225. Type of pressure associated with the re-
laxation of heart chambers
220. What creates the “lub dub” heart
sounds? A. Osmotic Pressure
A. Flow of blood B. Systolic Pressure
B. Closing of valves
C. Diastolic Pressure
C. Opening of valves
D. Pulmonary Blood Pressure
D. Breathing
221. Arteries carry OXYGEN rich blood to the 226. Which of the following statement is TRUE
tissues of the body. Which artery is the regarding histology of heart muscle?
only one to carry DEOXYGENATED blood.
A. It has multi nuclei.
A. Pulmonary Artery
B. Its nucleus lies at the peripheral.
B. Aorta
C. Vena Cava C. Present of purkinje fibers in the atrium
D. Pulmonary Vein D. Epicardium is lined with mesothelium

227. what conducts Electrical impulses from 233. Why is coronary circulation necessary?
the AV node to the L and R bundle
A. because blood needs to be pushed
branches?
throughout the entire body
A. bundle of His
B. because the heart itself needs oxy-
B. sinoatrial node genated blood
C. aortic valve C. because the head requires nourish-
D. aorta ment
NARAYAN CHANGDER
228. Which veins drain the head region? D. because the brain needs oxygenated
blood
A. jugular
B. carotid 234. Oxygenated blood leaves the human
C. renal heart via the
D. subclavian A. pulmonary vein
B. pulmonary artery
229. circulation takes blood from the heart
to the lungs and back. C. vena cava
A. Systemic D. aorta
B. Pulmonary
235. Indicates how much pressure the blood
C. Body is exerting against the artery walls when
D. Blood the ventricles are contracting:
230. Which vessels carry blood to the heart? A. systolic pressure
A. Veins B. arterial pulse
B. Arteries C. diastolic pressure
C. Capillaries D. none of above
D. none of above
236. carry oxygenated blood from the heart to
231. Blood traveling through the pulmonary the organs etc.
circuit goes through the right side of the A. ventricles
heart and out to the
B. atria
A. left side of the heart
B. body C. veins
C. lungs D. arteries
D. tricuspid valve 237. Which of the following are the blood ves-
232. The smallest blood vessels that branch sels that helps blood flow away from the
from arteries and exchange materials? heart?
A. capillaries A. Veins
B. venules B. Arteries
C. veins C. Cappillaries
D. alveoli D. none of above

238. The medical term meaning the hardening 243. O blood can be given to
of the arteries caused by plaque buildup. A. A

A. arteriostenosis B. B
B. atherosclerosis C. both A & B
C. atheroma D. only O
D. myocardial infarction E. every type of blood
244. In a blood pressure reading of 120/80
239. The valve lies between the right
mmHg, 80 is the:
atrium and right ventricle.
A. systolic pressure
A. bicuspid
B. diastolic pressure
B. aortic semilunar
C. heart rate
C. pulmonary D. respiratory rate
D. tricuspid
245. Which of the following are where nutri-
ents and blood gases are exchanged?
240. Which of the following helps form
scabs? A. Veins
A. Red Blood cells B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
B. White blood cells
D. none of above
C. Platelets
246. What are the names of the upper cham-
D. Plasma
bers of the heart?
241. Loose fitting sac around the heart is the A. Ventricles
A. Parietal Pericardium B. Septum
B. Visceral Pericardium C. Valves
D. Atria
C. Fibrous Pericardium
D. Pleural Pericardium 247. The prefix meaning fast.
A. brady-
242. Grace ran 1 mile. She felt her heart beat- B. hyper-
ing faster in her chest. Her pulse was
also faster in her wrist. Grace wondered C. hypo-
in which human body system the heart D. tachy-
and blood vessels worked together. Both
the heart and blood vessels are important 248. What is measured by the amount of wa-
parts of the system. ter and sodium ingested and lost from the
body?
A. excretory
A. Blood pressure
B. muscular B. Blood volume
C. respiratory C. Viscosity
D. cardiovascular D. Vascular disease

249. Which of the following is NOT an effect 254. Which vessels carry blood away from the
of norepinephrine binding to beta-1 adren- heart?
ergic receptors of the heart? A. Veins
A. increase heart rate B. Arteries
B. increase cardiac output C. Capillaries
C. increase the heart’s force of contrac- D. none of above
tion
NARAYAN CHANGDER
255. Which system permits blood to circu-
D. increase parasympathetic response late and transports nutrients around the
body?
250. Blood flow is controlled by the following
factors EXCEPT one. Choose the EXCEP- A. Nervous
TION. B. Respiratory
A. glucose concentration levels C. Circulatory
B. autoregulation D. Digestive
C. central nervous system control 256. Diuretics function to:
D. hormone control A. lower cholesterol
251. Which procedure involves the destruction B. lower blood pressure
of a blood clot using anticlotting agents C. constrict coronary arteries
called clot-busters?
D. dissolve clots
A. embolysis
257. What is the condition of keeping the body
B. thrombolysis stable?
C. embolectomy A. Homeopathy
D. thrombectomy B. Balance
252. The bottom chambers of the heart are C. Homeostasis
called D. Physiology
A. ventricles 258. What are Erythrocytes?
B. atria A. White Blood cells
C. vena cava B. Red blood cells
D. valves C. Plasma
253. Prolonged exercise in the heat will typ- D. Platelets

ically cause steady state heart rate 259. Arteries carry away from the heart
over time. to the rest of the body.
A. Increased A. waste
B. Decreased B. blood
C. No change in C. carbon dioxide
D. none of above D. oxygen

260. Which part of the heart receives blood? 266. When this chamber contracts it pushes
A. Atria blood through the tricuspid valve

B. Aorta A. Left Ventricle
C. Ventricles B. Right Atrium
D. Pulmonary Artery C. Left Atrium
261. A hollow, muscular organ that pumps D. Right Ventricle
blood throughout the body.
A. Skeleton 267. Which of the following regulates the de-
B. Heart gree of filling of the capillary beds and
level of arterial pressure?
C. Vein
A. tonus of smooth muscle of arteriolar
D. Artery
walls
262. A blood vessel that carries blood back to B. viscosity of blood
the heart is called
C. endothelium secretions
A. Cardiovascular System
B. Heart D. all of the above
C. Vein
268. always returns blood to the heart.
D. Artery
A. Veins
263. What is the thick muscular layer of the
heart called? B. Arteries
A. pericardium C. Capillaries
B. endocardium D. none of above
C. myocardium
269. Traditionally, mmHg has been ac-
D. epicardium
cepted as a normal blood pressure for
264. Where does the left ventricle push blood healthy young adults.
to? A. 130/90
A. aorta and body
B. 120/90
B. pulmonary arteries and lungs
C. 130/80
C. pulmonary arteries and body
D. aorta and lungs D. 120/80
265. Which procedure involves insertion of a 270. What is the size of the adult heart?
device to hold open a vessel?
A. size of an apple
A. catheterization
B. size of a pillow
B. embolization
C. ICD implant C. size of a pea
D. stent placement D. size of a large fist

271. If the bicuspid valve leaks, what will hap- 276. What does this abbreviation mean:HTN
pen? A. hypertension
A. Blood from the aorta flows back to the B. hypotension
left ventricle.
C. Hold This Now
B. Blood from the left ventricle flows back
D. hemiplegia
to the left atrium.
C. Blood from the right ventricle flows 277. How can the circulatory system promote
heat retention/conservation, such as on a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
back to the right atrium.
cold day?
D. Blood from the left pulmonary artery
flows back to the left ventricle. A. Vasoconstriction
B. Vasodilation
272. What is fine vibration felt by the exam- C. Decreasing tunica media contraction
iner on palpation?
D. Increasing capillary surface area
A. Thrill
278. SA (sinoatrial) node; regulates to pace
B. Bruit
the heart
C. Murmur
A. AV node
D. none of above B. Purkinje fibers
273. The fluid that delivers oxygen, hormones, C. SV node
and nutrients to the cells and carries away D. pacemaker
wastes
279. When blood leaves this chamber of the
A. Platelets
heart, it heads to the lungs
B. Blood A. right atrium
C. Plasma B. right ventricle
D. Hemoglobin C. left atrium
E. White Blood Cells D. left ventricle
274. extra- 280. Our heart is

A. on the outside or beyond outside ex- A. a tissue
tremity B. a body system
B. a picture or record C. a group of cells
C. a picture or record on a machine D. an organ
D. surrounding around 281. Older, elderly individuals may experience
the following EXCEPT one. Identify the EX-
275. the innermost layer of the heart wall CEPTION.
A. endocardium A. hypertension
B. epicardium B. varicose veins
C. myocardium C. increased hematocrit
D. pericardium D. reduced cardiac output

282. The top two chambers of the heart 288. Smallest blood vessel, brings nutrients
A. Pulmonary Cirvulation and oxygen and absorbs carbon dioxide
and waste.

B. Valves
A. veins
C. Atria
B. arteries
D. Ventricles
C. capillaries
E. Septum
D. pulmonary
283. Lowest part of the exterior of the heart
289. The SA and AV node stand for what?
A. apex (Choose 2)
B. myocardium A. Sinoatrial node
C. diaphragm B. Atrioventricular node
D. base C. Axillary node
284. What is it called when adrenalin causes D. Supraclavicular node
your heart rate to increase before you
start activity? 290. A vein has This helps keep blood go-
ing in the right direction.
A. Nervous twitch
A. valves
B. Excitement rise
B. very thin walls
C. Anticipation
C. very thick wall
D. Anticipatory rise
D. none of above
285. An EKG is actually
291. Which can ONLY have blood cells travel
A. A ratio single file in them?
B. An equation A. Capillaries
C. A time frame B. Arteries
D. A graph C. Septum
286. How many valves does your heart D. Veins
have?
292. Which is NOT a function of the circulatory
A. 1 system?
B. 2 A. deliver O2 and nutrients to cells
C. 3 B. remove CO2 and wastes from cells
D. 4 C. break down carbohydrates into glu-
287. The cells in the blood that help fight cose
germs and illnesses are the D. transport other materials through
A. white blood cells body
B. red blood cells 293. the lower chambers of the heart

C. plasma A. lower pocket
D. platelets B. ventricles

C. atria 299. The blood has how many parts?

D. bottom atria A. 4
B. 3
294. Abnormal heart rhythms are called
C. 2
A. bradycardias D. 1
B. tachycardias
300. The blood type considered the universal
C. arrhythmias donor is type
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. sinus rhythms A. A
B. B
295. The Purkinje Fibres cause what to hap-
C. AB
pen?
D. O
A. Ventricles to contract
301. What is the only artery that carries de-
B. Atria to contract
oxygenated blood?
C. Allows blood to move between atria A. Pulmonary Artery
and ventricles
B. Systemic Artery
D. Separates the heart
C. Mitral Artery
296. The heart is about the size and shape of D. Pulmonary Valve
your
302. is a condition in which an artery has
A. head become abnormally widened because of a
B. fist localized weakness in the arterial wall.
A. Phlebitis
C. hand
B. Gangrene
D. foot
C. Ischemia
297. carry oxygen-poor blood TO the heart D. Aneuryism
A. ventricles 303. For an adult, what is “normal” blood
B. arteries pressure?
A. 120/100 mmHg
C. veins
B. 120/80 mmHg
D. atria
C. 100/80 mmHg
298. Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to D. 140/80 mmHg
the and then it passes into the to
be pumped to the entire body. 304. divides the right and left chambers of the
heart
A. right ventricle; right atrium
A. aorta
B. left ventricle; left atrium B. pulmonary veins
C. left atrium; left ventricle C. septum
D. right atrium; right ventricle D. cardial gap

305. On an ECG, depolarization of atria is C. pulmonary arteries

shown during the
D. aorta

A. A Wave
B. P Wave 311. Right Atrium
C. B Wave A. when blood leaves this chamber of the
D. V Wave heart, it heads out to the body
B. the point the blood vessel splits in two
306. what is the mitral valve?
and sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
A. a two-flap valve between the right
atrium and right ventricle C. blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich
blood from your lungs to your heart
B. a two-flap valve between the left
atrium and left ventricle D. chamber in the heart that contracts
and pushes blood through the tricuspid
C. a two-flap valve located in the exact
valve
center of the heart
D. none of above 312. If your blood type is O-that means
307. Which two chambers of the heart contain A. you have no agglutinogens on your red
oxygenated blood? blood cells
A. Right atrium and right ventricle B. you have the rhesus antigens
B. Right atrium and left ventricle
C. you only have anti-A antibodies in your
C. Left atrium and left ventricle plasma
D. Left atrium and right ventricle D. all of the above
308. What is the upper chamber of the heart
that receives blood from the body? 313. Which blood vessel carries blood under
the highest pressure and therefore has the
A. Aorta thickest walls?
B. Right atrium
A. Veins
C. Right ventricle
B. Arteries
D. Left atrium
C. Capillaries
309. If the full cardiac cycle takes around
0.8 seconds, what would be the resulting D. none of above
heart rate (in beats per minute)?
314. One purpose of the CV system is to de-
A. 75 liver needed materials & carry off wastes.
B. 48 Which of the following delivers oxygen to
C. 112 cells?
D. 80 A. Red Blood cells
310. Blood enters the right atrium through B. White blood cells
A. pulmonary veins C. Platelets

B. vena cavaes D. Plasma

315. Where in the circulation is pressure the C. endocardium

heighest? D. myopic sac
A. Aorta
321. Deoxygenated blood only
B. Veins
A. Right Atrium
C. Vena cava
B. Right Ventricle
D. Capillaries
C. Left Atrium
E. Arterioles
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Left Ventricle
316. Which option is not a function of the car- 322. The lower 2 chambers of the heart are
diovascular system? called
A. move waste out of the body A. Right/Left Atrium
B. transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide B. Right/Left Ventricle
and nutrients.
C. Right/Left Bicuspid
C. clotting of open wounds.
D. Right/Left Tricuspid
D. regulation of body temperature.
323. Rank the following blood vessels in order
317. Which is NOT a function of the Cardiovas- of their average pressure, from highest
cular System? to lowest:artery, vein, arteriole, venule,
A. Fight infection aorta, capillary.
B. Transport nutrients and waste A. Capillary > arteriole > venule >
artery > vein > aorta
C. Temperature regulation
B. Capillary > vein > venule > arteriole
D. Create movement > artery > aorta
318. Chamber of the heart that receives oxy- C. Aorta > arteriole > venule > artery
genated blood from the lungs > vein > capillary
A. right ventricle D. Aorta > artery > arteriole > capillary
> venule > vein
B. left atrium
C. left ventricle 324. The 120 in the reading 120/80 repre-
sents the:
D. right atrium
A. systolic pressure
319. The term is used to describe all diseases B. arterial pulse
of the heart muscle.
C. diastolic pressure
A. myopathy
D. hypertension
B. cardiomyopathy
325. A myocardial infarction is also known
C. cardiopathy
as?
D. pathology
A. Angina
320. The inner layer of the heart is the B. Heart attack
A. epicardium C. Bradycardia
B. myocardium D. Atrial Fibrilation

326. This valve opens to allow blood to flow C. aortic semilunar valve
to the body
D. pulmonary semilunar valve

A. bicuspid valve
B. tricuspid valve 332. What are the receiving chambers of the
heart?
C. aortic semilunar valve
A. Ventricles
D. pulmonary semilunar valve
B. Atria
327. The following vessels are oxygen rich
C. Auricles
and are usually colored red EXCEPT the
D. None
A. carotid artery
B. pulmonary vein 333. What carries oxygen around the body?
C. aorta A. Plasma
D. pulmonary artery B. Red Blood Cells
328. The nurse is helping a patient understand C. Platelets
why the heart beat can change in speed. D. White Blood Cells
When doing so, what should the nurse
explain as being the pacemaker of the 334. Which of the following are the blood ves-
heart? sels that helps blood flow to the cells?
A. Bundle of His A. Veins
B. Sinoatrial node B. Arteries
C. Purkinje’s fibers
C. Cappillaries
D. Atrioventricular node
D. none of above
329. The main purpose of Red Blood Cells is to
335. Which diagnostic test involves a se-
A. carry gases, wastes, and nutrients ries of blood tests that include total
B. attack and destroy pathogens cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-
C. clot the blood density lipoprotein, and triglycerides?
D. digest food A. lipid profile

B. CAD profile
330. Trans-
C. infarction profile
A. across
D. CBC
B. in; into
C. out 336. When the heart is contracting, it is said
D. near to be in
A. Diastole
331. This valve opens to allow blood to flow
to the lungs B. Systole
A. bicuspid valve C. Relaxation
B. tricuspid valve D. Stress

337. where does gas exchange happen? 343. Deoxygenated blood comes into the
A. capillaries heart via what?
B. veins A. Superior Vena Cava
C. arteries B. Inferior Vena Cava
D. apex C. Atrium
D. Both Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
338. The suffix meaning to measure.
344. These join capillaries to the blood vessels
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. -gram
that transport blood to the heart.
B. -meter
A. Veins
C. -graphy
B. Venules
D. -tension
C. Arteries
339. what is the contraction of the ventricles D. Arterioles
called?
345. Pulmonary circulation links
A. systole
A. blood from pulmonary arteries to pul-
B. hypertension monary veins
C. diastole B. blood from pulmonary veins to pul-
D. apex monary arteries
340. What is the name of the top chambers of C. blood from lungs to heart
the heart? D. blood in closed circulation system
A. Aorta 346. What antigens are present in a person
B. Ventricles with type B-blood?
C. Vena Cava A. B, only
D. Atriums B. B and Rh
C. A and Rh
341. is a group of organs and tissues
that act as transfer stations carrying D. A, only
needed materials to cells and removing 347. Deoxgenated blood from the body first
their waste products. enters the of the heart.
A. circulatory system A. right atrium
B. respiratory system B. right ventricle
C. nervous system C. left atrium
D. none of above D. left ventricle
342. What is the name of the upper chambers 348. Which of the following is not a solid or
of the heart? formed element found in blood?
A. Artery A. plasma
B. Ventricle B. erythrocytes
C. Atrium C. leukocytes
D. Vessel D. thrombocytes

349. Which procedure involves an electri- 354. What are the 3 major types of blood ves-
cal shock delivered randomly during the sels?
cardiac cycle to treat emergent, life-

A. arteries
threatening arrhythmias?
B. capillaries
A. angioplasty
C. caterpillars
B. defibrillation
D. veins
C. cardioversion E. Art
D. stent placement
355. Give a reason why cardiac nucleus lo-
350. The bicuspid or mitral valve is located cated centrally and not peripherally
A. in the opening of the aorta. A. less myofibril

B. more myofibril
B. in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
C. more glycogen
C. where the venae cavae join the right
atrium D. less glycogen
D. between the left atrium and the left 356. Blood vessels that return blood to the
ventricle heart
A. Arterioles
351. smallest blood vessels that allow for o2
and co2 exchange to take place B. Arteries
A. arteries C. Venules
B. veins D. Veins
E. Capillaries
C. capillaries
D. none of above 357. The medical term hypertension means.
A. high blood pressure
352. What is the circulatory System?
B. low blood pressure
A. The body’s energy producing system
C. rapid heart rate
B. The body’s system of nerves D. slow heart rate
C. The body’s support and movement sys-
358. vessels that carry blood away from the
tem
heart
D. The body’s transporting system
A. arteries
353. Label the wave indicated by arrows B. veins
A. t wave C. capillaries
B. s wave D. none of above
C. r wave 359. Which procedure involves passing a bal-

loon catheter through a blocked coronary
D. q wave
vessel to compress plaque against the
E. p wave artery walls and open the artery?

A. cardioversion 365. are the smallest blood vessels.

B. angioplasty A. Arteries
C. coronary artery bypass surgery B. Veins
D. cardioplasty C. Capillaries
360. When you exercise Blood pressure D. none of above
A. Increases 366. Why are the walls of the left ventricle
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Decreases thicker than that of the right ventricle?
C. Stays the same A. The left ventricle must force blood into
all the capillaries of the lungs
D. none of above
B. the left ventricle doesn’t skip leg day
361. What is the protein called in red blood C. This is false, the walls of the right ven-
cells (that oxygen binds to)? tricle are thicker
A. Heltoid D. Blood from the left ventricle is pumped
B. Haemoglobin throught the entire body
C. Oxyglobin 367. What is the definition of cardiac output?
D. Oxytoid A. The amount of blood pumped out of the
heart per minute
362. What heart is about the size and shape
of B. The amount of blood pumped out of the
heart in one beat
A. basketball
C. he speed at which blood travels
B. baseball
D. force exerted by circulating blood on
C. toe walls of blood vessels
D. fist
368. What event creates heart sounds?
363. Which of the following are the blood ves- A. valve opening
sels that operate under high pressure?
B. vibration of the surrounding fluids due
A. Veins to sudden pressure change
B. Arteries C. slapping of the valves when closing
C. Capillaries D. none of the above
D. none of above
369. The heart is a which contracts and
364. During capillary exchange, what sub- expands like a pump to circulate blood
stances are distributed to the cells? throughout the body.
A. nutrients A. bone
B. hormones B. spongy tissue
C. oxygen C. muscle
D. all of the choices D. blood vessel

370. In open circulatory system, blood is C. the heart skipping beats

pumped through
D. your ears playing tricks on you

A. sinuses to large vessels
B. large vessels to sinuses 376. Which medication helps lower blood
cholesterol levels?
C. cavities to organs
A. statins
D. spaces to large vessels
B. diuretics
371. what is the function of the Purkinje
fibers? C. beta blockers
A. to make electical impulse in the heart D. calcium channel blockers

stronger
377. Oxygenated blood leaves the and en-
B. to begin electrical impulse in the heart ters the aorta.
C. to stop electrical impulse in the heart A. right atrium
D. none of above
B. right ventricle
372. Which of the following are the blood ves- C. left atrium
sels that have a wall that is 1 cell thick?
D. left ventricle
A. Veins
B. Arteries 378. Which of the following would not in-
C. Cappillaries crease stroke volume?
D. none of above A. Increase in ventricular stretch while

filling with blood
373. Which chambers contract in unison (to-
B. Increase in ventricular contractility
gether)?
A. Top chambers, then bottom chambers. C. Increased afterload
B. Right Chambers, then the Left Cham- D. Increased venous return

bers
379. What is the direction of blood flow in the
C. All four chambers beat in unison. circulatory system?
D. none of above A. lungs, body, heart, body
374. What is the clear, yellowish liquid portion B. body, lungs, heart, body
of the blood?
C. heart, lungs, heart, body
A. Plasma
D. heart, body, lungs, body
B. Veins
C. Platelets 380. valve between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery
D. Capillaries
A. mitral
375. The beating sound your heart makes
comes from B. tricuspid
A. blood going in the wrong direction C. aortic
B. valves closing D. pulmonary

381. What are the 3 main types of blood ves- 386. Which of the following services blood
sels? vessels of the liver, stomach, and in-
testines?
A. Capillaries, veins, aortas
A. coronary
B. Capillaries, arteries, platelets
B. pulmonary
C. Capillaries, veins, platelets
C. renal
D. Capillaries, veins, arteries
D. hepatic-portal
NARAYAN CHANGDER
382. What is the definition of blood pressure?
387. The rhythmic beating of the heart is initi-
A. The amount of blod pumped out of the ated by the:
heart per minute A. Purkinje fibers
B. The amount of blood pumped out of the B. bundle of His
heart in one beat
C. atrioventricular node
C. the speed at which blood travels
D. sinoatrial node
D. force exerted by circulating blood on
walls of blood vessels 388. What causes atherosclerosis?
383. How many chambers does the heart
B. an increase in blood viscosity
have?
C. accumulation of fatty materials
A. 4
D. an increase in blood volume
B. 6
C. 3 389. What causes the blood to be the distinct
red colour?
D. 1
A. Haemoglobin
384. Carry de-oxygenated blood from the B. Glucose
body back to the heart under low pressure. C. Hormones
A. Arteries D. Oxygen
B. Veins
390. Which vessels carry blood AWAY from
C. Capillaries the heart?
D. Venules A. veins
E. Arterioles B. lymph vessels
C. capillaries
385. What is the name of the problem that
causes the heart muscle cells to die due to D. arteries
lack of oxygen & nutrients? 391. Coronary arteries supply blood to the:
A. Atherosclerosis A. lungs
B. Heart failure B. brain
C. Heart attack C. kidney
D. Stroke D. myocardium

392. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) of the 397. Blood pressure when the ventricles con-
right ventricle can tract is known as

A. cause systemic edema A. Systolic blood pressure
B. increases the ejection fraction of the B. Diastolic blood pressure
right ventricle
C. Mean arterial pressure
C. cause pulmonary edema
D. increases cardiac output in both ventri- D. Hydrostatic pressure
cles
398. The right ventricle pumps blood to the
E. reduces the ejection fraction of the left
ventricle A. lungs
393. Cardiac output can be calculated using B. body

which of the following formulas? C. right atrium
A. Heart rate/stroke volume = cardiac D. aorta
output
B. Stroke volume/heart rate = cardiac 399. Which intercalated disk/interdigitating
output junction has keratin?
C. Heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac A. desmosomes
output
B. fascia adherens
D. Heart rate2 x stroke volume2 = car-
diac output C. gap junction
394. The suffix meaning surgical incision. D. none of above
A. -ostomy 400. An extra sound in the heartbeat is

B. -ectomy called?
C. -tomy A. arrhythmia
D. -plasty B. heart murmur
395. An abnormally slow resting heart rate. C. opening in heart wall
A. hypotension D. stroke
B. hypertension
401. Stroke Volume is
C. bradycardia
D. tachycardia A. The volume of blood ejected from the
left ventricle per minute
396. What divides the left and right chambers
B. The volume of blood ejected from the
of the heart?
left ventricle per beat
A. ventricles
C. The volume of blood ejected from the
B. atrium left ventricle per breath
C. valve D. The volume of blood the heart re-
D. septum ceieves at rest

402. As we start exercising, the heart does C. brain

which of the following? D. arms
A. The heart rate decreases and beats
408. This thin blood vessel allows for ex-
with greater force
change of substances in the blood and tis-
B. The heart rate decreases and beats sues
with lower force
A. Veins
C. The heart rate increases and beats
B. Arteries
NARAYAN CHANGDER
with lower force
C. Capillaries
D. The heart rate increases and beats
with greater force D. Arterioles
409. What is vascular shunt?
403. The combining form meaning vein.
A. A hormone released from the adrenal
A. phleb/o
glands
B. vascul/o B. The rise of the heart rate before exer-
C. my/o cise
D. aort/o C. When blood is distributed to the work-
ing muscles and less to the non-essential
404. Which of the following is a function of the organs
human circulatory system?
D. A drop in temperature of the heart
A. temperature regulation
410. Can donate red blood cells to only AB but
B. transport metabolic wastes
can receive from all others.
C. provide immune defense A. Type O
D. all of the answers are correct B. Type AB
405. measurement between heartbeats C. Type B
A. systolic pressure D. Type A
B. bottom pressure 411. form blood clots when injury occurs
C. heart beat pressure A. hemoglobin
D. diastolic pressure B. bone marrow
C. leukocytes
406. The lub sound of the heart is caused by
which valve closing? D. erythrocytes
A. Tricuspid E. platelets (thrombocytes)
B. Arotic 412. What is heart rate?
C. Pulmonary A. The number of heart beats per minute
(bpm)
D. none of above
B. The volume of blood pumped per
407. The carotid arteries carry blood to the minute by each ventricle
A. liver C. When the heart squeezes
B. heart D. none of above

413. The prefix meaning within or inside. C. To prevent platelets from clotting the
A. epi- blood

B. inter- D. To keep the body stable
C. endo- 419. The heart is similar to what part on a

car?
D. peri-
A. tires
414. Where does hematopoiesis take place,
B. engine
producing new RBCs?
C. steering wheel
A. red bone marrow
D. gear
B. yellow bone marrow
C. synovial membrane 420. bottom of the heart
D. articular cartilage A. aorta
B. septum
415. Select all factors that cause resistance to
blood flow through the blood vessels C. apex
A. Blood viscosity D. inferior vena cava
B. Weak heart beat 421. What is the role of the aorta?

C. length of blood vessel A. to send oxygenated blood to the rest of
the body
D. diameter of blood vessel
B. to send deoxygenated blood to the rest
416. What is the name of the fibrous sac con- of the body
taining the heart?
C. to send deoxygenated blood to the
A. endocardium lungs
B. epicardiium D. to send oxygenated blood to the lungs
C. myocardium 422. The following are the components to the
D. pericardium conducting system of the heart:1. Purk-
inje fibers2. AV bundle3. AV node4. SA
417. White blood cells (WBC’s), red blood cells node5. bundle branchesSequence the or-
(RBC’s), plasma, & platelets are the 4 der in which electrical impulses would flow
parts of what? through-
A. blood vessels A. 3-5-4-2-1
B. Blood Types B. 4-2-3-5-1
C. heart disease C. 4-3-2-5-1
D. Components of Blood D. 3-2-4-5-1
418. What is the main function of valves in the 423. The largest artery in the body that car-
circulatory system? ries oxygenated blood from the heart to
A. To pump blood throughout the body the rest of the body
B. To prevent blood from moving in the A. Pulmonary Vein

wrong direction B. Pulmonary Artery

C. Vena cava C. Plasma

D. Aorta D. Hemoglobin
E. White Blood Cells
424. The right atrium receives blood from the
429. The heart contracts and expands like a
A. capillaries to circulate blood throughout the body.
B. pulmonary arteries A. gear
B. pully
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. superior and inferior venae cavae
C. lever
D. pulmonary veins
D. pump
425. the upper chambers of the heart
430. Which of the following is not a function
A. ventricles of the cardiovascular system?
B. pockets A. Movement
C. upper ventricles B. Fighting disease
D. atria C. Maintaining hydration
426. What will happen if a person recieves a D. All of the above
blood donation from someone that has a 431. Cardiac Output increases as your Stroke
specific anitgen that is different from their Volume is increased due to a larger left
own? ventricle muscle. What is Cardiac Output?
A. nothing. Anitgens are univeral and can A. The amount of blood ejected from the
be accepted by every blood type. heart per beat
B. nothing. The body only recognizes an- B. The amount of blood ejected from the
tubodies heart per minute
C. the recipient’s blood will attact the C. The amount of air inspired or expired
donor’s blood per breath
D. the recipient will develop blood cancer D. The amount of air inspired or expired
and likely die per minute.
427. What is the name of the CONTRACTION 432. Oxygenated blood

phase of the heartbeat that forces blood A. leaves from left side of the heart
from the ventricles into the aorta or pul-
B. leaves from right side of the heart
monary arteries?
C. does not leave the lungs
A. diastole
D. enters the lungs from the heart
B. systole
C. vasodilation 433. The shape of the RBC allows for a greater
surface area so the cell can
D. vasoconstriction
A. fit through capillaries easily
428. The oxygen-carrying protein in blood B. exchange gasses more quickly
A. Platelets C. hold additional hemoglobin
B. Blood D. reproduce quicker

434. Heart layer forms the inner layer of the 439. The only blood vessels whose walls per-
pericardium and forms the outermost wall mit exchange between the blood and cells
of the heart. are the

A. Pericardium A. arteries
B. Epicardium B. veins
C. capillaries
C. Myocardium
D. venules
D. Endocardium
440. Veins that empty blood from the lungs
435. Which of the following is false about into the upper left heart chamber
veins?
A. Inferior Vena Cava
A. Carry blood back to the heart B. Superior Vena Cava
B. Thin layer of muscle C. Pulmonary Veins
C. Narrow lumen D. Veins
D. Carry blood at low pressure 441. The middle layer of the wall of the heart
E. Contain valves to prevent backflow A. epicardium
B. myocardium
436. Factors that affect blood flow through
the blood vessels are C. endocardium
A. blood pressure D. septum
B. peripheral resistance 442. The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

C. viscosity of blood A. in the opening of the aorta
B. in the opening of the pulmonary trunk
D. all of the choices
C. between the right atrium and right ven-
437. Small vessels that carry blood from arte- tricle
rioles and to small vessels called venules D. between the left atrium and left ventri-
which then empty into veins cle
A. Arterioles 443. This is the colorless liquid in which the
B. Arteries components of blood are suspended
C. Veins A. red blood cells
D. Venules B. platelets
C. plasma
E. Capillaries
D. white blood cells
438. Blood returning to the heart from the
444. Name the proteins on the surface of red
lungs enters the
blood cells.
A. right atrium
A. Antibodies
B. right ventricle B. Antigens
C. left atrium C. Plasma
D. left ventricle D. Collagen

445. Where does the electrical activity in the D. atrium and ventricle contract simulta-
heart start? neously
A. Atrioventricular Node (AV) 450. What is the primary function of the slow
B. Sinoatrial Node (SA) blood flow in the capillaries?
C. Bundle Branches A. organization of RBC
D. Purkinje Fibres B. better exchange of nutrients
C. prevent clogging of RBC
NARAYAN CHANGDER
446. The ventricular walls are than the
walls of the atria because they must cre- D. all of the above
ate the necessary to move blood.
451. When the ventricles and atria rest as the
A. thinner; lower pressures atria fill with blood, this is called
B. lighter; systole A. epistole
C. thicker; higher pressures B. diastole
D. heavier; diastole C. systole
447. What primarily causes the 0.16 s delay D. myostole
of impulse from the atrium to the ventri-
cle? 452. Which process helps the body to regulate
its temperature when either cold or hot?
A. temporary impulse block
A. Sweating
B. length of the internodal pathway to the
AV node B. Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction
C. limited gap junctions found at the AV C. Hibernating

node D. Shivering
D. none of the above 453. The circulatory system works with the
448. What is bradycardia? system to obtain energy from nutri-
ents that we eat.
A. Lower resting heart rate
A. respiratory
B. Increase in the size of the heart
B. digestive
C. Decrease in the size of the heart
C. skeletal
D. Higher resting heart rate
D. nervous
449. In normal humans, the pressure measure-
ment range is about 120 mmHg, which is 454. Which equation correct?
the range of rhythms in which the atrium A. SV + HR = CO
and ventricle muscles are in. B. CO + HR = SV
A. The atrium contracts while the ventri- C. HR x SV = CO
cle relaxes.
D. SV x CO = HR
B. The atrium relaxes while the ventricle
contracts. 455. Which vessels carry de-oxygenated
C. The atrium and ventricle relax simulta- blood to the heart?
neously. A. Veins

B. Arteries C. sound of blood rushing into the atria

C. Capillaries D. sound of blood rushing into the ventri-

D. none of above cles
456. what is the measurement of blood pres- 461. What type of effect is shown when there
sure between heart beats or when it is at is a change in conduction speed at the AV
rest between contractions called? node?
A. systole pressure A. chronotropic
B. aorta pressure B. dromotropic
C. ventricle pressure C. inotropic
D. diastolic pressure D. bathmotropic
457. What does this abbreviation mean:CAD 462. The fluid in which other parts of the blood
are suspended
A. coronary artery disease
A. Platelets
B. CTRL-ALT-DEL
B. Blood
C. computer aided design
C. Plasma
D. common artery disease
D. Hemoglobin
458. The term afterload is defined as
E. White Blood Cells
A. volume of blood in the ventricles
463. Which part of the heart pumps deoxy-
B. volume of blood in the atria during di-
genated (oxygen-poor) blood?
astole
A. Left side
C. resistance to blood flow out of the ven-
tricle during systole B. Right side
D. pressure of left ventricle during dias- C. Top side
tole D. Bottom side
459. The Pulmonary vein 464. What is the definition of stroke volume?
A. carries oxygenated blood to left atrium A. The amount of blood pumped out of the
B. carries deoxygenated blood to left ven- heart per minute
tricle B. The amount of blood pumped out of the
C. carries oxygenated blood to left ventri- heart in one beat
cle C. the speed at which blood travels
D. carries deoxygenated blood to left D. force exerted by circulating blood on
atrium walls of blood vessels
460. The “lub” of the “lub-dub” sound the 465. The combining form meaning blue.
heart makes is caused by the:
A. erythr/o
A. closing of the mitral and tricuspid
valves B. cyan/o
B. closing of the pulmonary and aortic C. bi-

valves D. pneum/o

466. what are red tubes that transport blood 472. What vessels carry deoxygenated blood
to parts of the body away from the heart?
A. arteries A. Neither coronary arteries or pul-
B. veins monary artery
B. Both coronary arteries and pulmonary
C. doent matter both are same color
artery
D. none of above
C. Pulmonary artery only
467. The left ventricle pumps blood to the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Coronary arteries only
A. lungs. 473. The combining form meaning lung.
B. right ventricle. A. pneumon/o
C. right atrium. B. my/o
D. aorta C. cardi/o
468. Which blood vessel has valves to prevent D. aort/o
the back-flow of blood? 474. Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ven-
A. Veins tricle and enters the lungs by the
B. Arteries A. Pulmonary artery
C. Capillaries B. Pulmonary vein
D. none of above C. aorta
D. portal vein
469. What happens to your resting heart rate
upon increasing aerobic fitness 475. Where is the AV Node located?
A. remains the same A. Next to the Bicuspid Valve
B. drops B. Next to the Pulmonary Valve
C. rises C. Next to the Aortic Valve
D. all the above D. Next to the Tricuspid Valve
470. The latin translation of ‘Thromboyte’ is 476. What are the tiny sacs in the lungs that
where gases are exchanged?
A. Hollow cell
A. atrium
B. Red cell
B. ventricle
C. White cell
C. plasma
D. clotting cell
D. alveoli
E. Hollow vein
477. microscopic vessels through which ex-
471. What cell involves with fighting dis- changes take place between the blood and
eases? cells of the body
A. red blood cell A. capillaries
B. white blood cell B. arterioles
C. nothing C. venules
D. platelets D. arteries

478. muscular wall that separates the heart D. divide to make new cells when old
into right and left sides ones need to be replaced

A. valves
484. During pressure filtration, pressure
B. ventricles forces plasma out of capillaries into sur-
C. atria rounding cells where it is known as
D. septum A. Low/tissue fluid
B. High/tissue fluid
479. Which of the following contains oxy-
genated blood in an adult human? C. Low/lymph
A. right atrium D. High/lymph
B. pulmonary artery
485. Which valve sits in between the left
C. pulmonary vein atrium and left ventricle
D. all of the above A. Tricuspid
480. The number of times your heart beats per B. Arotic
minute: C. Bicuspid
A. blood pressure
D. Pulmonary
C. pulse 486. The amount of strain or force placed on
the blood vessels as the blood moves
D. diastolic pressure through them is known as
481. What is the largest blood vessel in the A. pulse
body? B. diastole
A. Right Atrium
C. tidal volume
B. Plasma
D. blood pressure
C. Vena cava
D. Aorta 487. Which of these is a immediate effect of
physical exercise?
482. An excessive amount of fatty material in A. Increased Heart Rate
the blood is called:
B. Increase in aerobic fitness
A. hyperlipidemia
C. Improvement in stamina
B. hyperglycemia
C. polycythemia D. Improvement in stamina
D. cholesterolemia 488. Which structure receives deoxygenated

blood from the vena cava?
mature red blood cells is NOT true? A. right atrium
A. life span of around 120 days B. left atrium
B. contain hemoglobin C. right ventricle
C. no nuclei D. left ventricle

489. Complete:Right atrium, Tricuspid Valve, 495. Listening to the sounds of the body is
Right Ventricle, , Pulmonary Trunk called
A. Bicuspid Valve A. auscultation
B. Pulmonary Valve B. angiogram
C. Mitral Valve C. cardioversion
D. Left Ventricle D. doppler ultrasound
496. What takes blood into the heart?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
490. Which blood vessels have valves to pre-
vent backflow of blood? A. Veins
A. Capillaries B. Arteries
B. Alveoli C. Capillaries
C. Arteries D. Vessels
D. Veins 497. Place the following steps of hemostasis
in order:A. Platelet plug formationB. Coag-
491. What color will blood exhibit if it has a ulationC. Vascular spasm
high oxygen content?
A. ABC
A. Blue
B. BAC
B. No color
C. BCA
C. Bright red D. CAB
D. Purple
498. What prevents blood from flowing back
492. The average blood pressure is into the atria when the ventricles con-
A. 120/80 tract?
A. semilunar valves
B. 80/120
B. sinoatrial node
C. 115/180
C. atrioventricular node
D. 120/180
D. tricuspid and bicuspid valves
493. Freshly oxygenated blood gets pumped
out the to the rest of the body. 499. the movement of blood from the heart to
the lungs and back again
A. Aorta
A. systemic circulation
B. Coronary Sinus
B. lung circulation
C. Superior Vena Cava C. pulmonary circulation
D. Inferior Vena Cava D. cycle circulation
494. Type of pressure associated with the con- 500. Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is
traction of heart chambers. associated with
A. Osmotic Pressue A. blood pressure
B. Systolic Pressure B. hemoglobin
C. Pulmonary Blood Pressue C. RBC’s
D. Diastolic Pressure D. atherosclerosis

501. what carries blood to the heart? 507. Select the 3 components that make up the
A. veins cardiovascular system
A. Heart

B. arteries
B. Lungs
C. apex
C. Blood Vessels
D. capillaries
D. Blood
502. Which is a long term effect of exercise on 508. Hematopoiesis is best described as
the cardiovascular system?
A. lymphocyte formation
A. Increased resting heart rate
B. cell death
B. slower recovery rate C. blood cell formation
C. decreased stroke volume D. blood coagulation
D. Reduced blood pressure 509. All veins carry deoxygenated blood ex-
503. Where is the SA Node Located? cept
A. pulmonary vein
A. Left Atrium
B. hepatic vein
B. Right Atrium
C. hepatic portal vein
C. Left Ventricle
D. renal vein
D. Right Ventricle
510. is/are rapid, abnormal contractions
504. Oxygenated blood only that are erractic, whereas is/are
rapid, abnormal contractions that are co-
A. Right Atrium
ordinated.
B. Right Ventricle A. A flutter; fibrillations
C. Left atrium B. Fibrillations, a flutter
D. Left ventricle C. A flutter, a murmur
505. What is this the definition of:’The D. A murmur; fibrillations

amount of blood that leaves the heart PER 511. Carry blood away from heart; mostly
BEAT’ oxygen-rich
A. Stroke Volume A. Arteries
B. Heart Rate B. Veins
C. Cardiac Output C. Capillaries
D. Breathing Rate D. none of above
512. Restricted blood flow through the coro-
506. small arteries
nary arteries causes a(n)
A. venules A. murmur
B. arterioles B. myocardial infarction
C. capillaries C. stroke
D. pulmonaries D. aneurysm

513. What is the stimulating factor that drives C. Over a period of time and as a result
blood cell formation? of regular exercise
A. Vitamins D. Over a period of time and as a result
of one training session
B. Hormones
C. Nervous Signals 519. The lumen is
D. Minerals A. The size of the blood vessel
B. The length of the blood vessel
NARAYAN CHANGDER
514. Why does the blood turn dark red as it
circulates through the body? C. The internal diameter of a blood vessel
D. The diameter of the whole blood vessel
A. Because the heart is pumping blood to
the brain 520. The correct spelling of the P Fibres is
B. Because Oxygen is replaced with Car-
bon Dioxide A. Perkenje
C. Because there are no platelets B. Purkinje
D. Because Carbon Monoxide is replaced C. Purkenji
with Oxygen D. Perkinji
515. Name the artery that carries blood from 521. What is the function (job) of the erythro-
the left ventricle to the body cytes (red blood cells)?
A. vena cava A. To transport oxygen around the body
B. aorta and to the muscles.
C. pulmonary Vein B. To release antibodies to fight infec-
tions.
D. pulmonary artery
516. Where is the heart located? ars.
A. In your leg D. To clot and form scabs if there is a
wound on the body.
B. slightly left to the center of the chest
C. slightly right to the center of the chest 522. Select all of the options which show sub-
stances present in tissue fluid.
D. on the left side of your body
A. Oxygen
517. What is the another name for high blood B. Proteins
pressure?
C. Glucose
A. Atherosclerosis
D. Amino acids
B. Hypertension E. Carbon dioxide
C. Heart attack
523. What is the function of plasma?
D. Stroke
A. regulate water, pH and temperature
518. Long term effects of exercise are B. transport nutrients oxygen and waste
A. Immediate and long lasting C. protect against blood loss
B. Immediate and temporary D. protect against microbes and toxins

524. The circulatory system works with the C. Vena cava → right atrium → right ven-
system to provide our body with oxy- tricle → lungs → left atrium → left ven-
gen. tricle → aorta

A. respiratory D. Vena cava → right atrium → left
B. digestive atrium → lungs → right ventricle → left
ventricle → aorta
C. muscular
D. skeletal 529. If a hole is placed in the interventricular
septum, some blood will flow from the LV
525. The transport system of the body respon- to RV because of the
sible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to A. higher pressure in RV than LV
the body and carrying away carbon diox-
ide and other wastes; composed of the B. lower pressure in RV than LV
heart, blood vessels, and blood. C. more oxygenated blood in the LV
A. Excretory System D. decreased oxygenated blood in the RV
B. Pulmonary System 530. Which of the following increases blood
C. Endocrine System flow?
D. Circulatory or Cardiovascular System A. an increase in blood viscosity
526. The right ventricle pumps blood to the B. an increase in blood volume
A. right and left lungs C. an increase in blood vessel length
B. left ventricle. D. an increase in blood vessel diameter
C. left atrium. 531. Suffix that means narrowing or tighten-

D. aorta. ing
A. -stenosis
527. Which of the following cells are responsi-
ble for fighting diseases? B. -ation
A. thrombocytes (platelets) C. -meter
B. erythrocytes (RBC) D. -trophy
C. leukocytes (WBC) 532. The prefix meaning excessive

D. plasma A. hyper-
528. What is the correct path through the cir- B. hypo-
culatory system which describes the pas- C. epi-
sage of a blood clot originating in the left
D. tachy-
leg?
A. Vena cava → left atrium → left ventri- 533. Red blood cells are
cle → lungs → right atrium → right ven- A. thrombocytes
tricle → aorta
B. neutrophils
B. Vena cava → left atrium → right
atrium → lungs → left ventricle → right C. monocytes
ventricle → aorta D. erthryocytes

534. Process of recording 540. What chamber pumps blood to the

A. -graphy aorta?
A. Left atrium
B. ather/o
B. left ventricle
C. -tension
C. right atrium
D. trans-
D. right ventricle
535. What is the function of a valve?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
541. Which of the following does NOT con-
A. Helps blood to clot tribute to the return of deoxygenated
B. Keeps blood flowing in all directions blood to the heart?
C. Keeps blood flowing in one direction A. squeezing effect of skeletal muscles
D. Stops blood from flowing B. gravity
C. suctioning effect of negative intratho-
536. This blood vessel is where gas exchange racic pressure at the chest area
occurs
D. presence of valves
A. Cappilaries
542. What part of the heart divides the heart
B. Veins
into two?
C. Artery
A. Biscuspid valve
D. none of above B. Septum
537. The SA Node sends what? C. Pulmonary artery
A. Electrical Impulses D. bicep
B. Messages 543. Which of the following blood groups is
C. Hormones known as the universal acceptor?
D. Oxygen A. A
B. B
538. Tubes that carry blood back to the heart
are: C. AB
D. O
A. Arteries
B. Veins 544. Vasodilation can be defined as:
C. Pipes A. A process in which blood vessels con-
strict causing a decrease in blood flow
D. Tubas
B. A process in which blood vessels in-
539. All is true for double circulations, but that crease their diameter causing an increase
it in blood flow
A. occur in all vertebrates C. A process in which blood vessels con-
strict causing an increase in blood flow
B. occur only in mammals
D. A process in which blood vessels in-
C. is composed of pulmonary circulation crease their diameter causing a decrease
D. is composed of systematic circulation in blood flow

545. These are fine branches of blood vessels C. Diameter of a blood vessel
that transport blood away from the heart D. none of above

A. Veins
551. what is the job of the ventricles?
B. Venules
A. make blood
C. Arteries
B. receive blood from the veins
D. Arterioles
C. receive blood from the atria & pump
546. Which chamber of the heart receives oxy- the blood into systemic circulation
genated blood from the lungs by the pul-
monary vein? D. receive blood from the arteries
A. Right atrium 552. Which stucture has the largest lumen?

B. Right ventricle A. Arteries
C. Left atrium B. Veins
D. Left ventricle C. Capillaries
547. The pacemaker potential is a result of D. Arterioles
A. K+ inflow 553. The chordae tendinae of the AV valves
B. Ca2+ inflow are anchored to the of the ventricles.
C. Na+ inflow A. papillary muscles
D. K+ outflow B. interatrial septum
E. Na+ outflow C. pectinate muscles
548. Which blood vessel normally has the high- D. trabeculae carnae
est vascular resistance? E. interventricular septum
A. large arteries
554. Which procedure involves an ECG taken
B. small arteries and arterioles on a small, portable device that the patient
C. capillaries wears for 24-48 hours?
D. veins A. stress test
549. This chamber of the heart receives oxy- B. angioplasty

genated blood from the lungs C. Holter monitor
A. right atrium D. nuclear stress test
B. right ventricle
555. Assuming you are blood type A, which of
C. left atrium the following would not be true?
D. left ventricle A. You can donate blood to other people
with Type A blood
550. Which of the following has the greatest
impact on blood flow resistance? B. You have anti-A antibodies
A. Blood’s viscosity C. You have anti-B antibodies
B. Length of a blood vessel D. You have A agglutinogens

556. What information does an electrocardio- 561. can be inserted during a coronary an-
gram give? gioplasty to hold arteries open after the
A. where the blood flows in the heart surgery is complete.
A. Shunts
B. electrical activity of the heart
B. Stents
C. what chamber of the heart is contract-
ing C. Balloons
D. what valves of the heart are closing D. Catheters
NARAYAN CHANGDER
557. A wall of tissue that separates the 4 562. A universal donor
chambers of the heart A. Type O
A. Pulmonary Circulation B. Type AB
B. Valves C. Type B
C. Atria D. Type A
D. Ventricles 563. What is the name of the problem that
E. Septum causes the heart muscle cells to die?
A. Atherosclerosis
558. iron-rich part of the blood that bonds
to oxygen B. Heart failure
A. hemoglobin C. Heart attack
B. bone marrow D. Stroke
C. leukocytes 564. -sclerosis

D. erythrocytes A. tail
E. platelets (thrombocytes) B. artery
C. hardening; thickening
559. Indicates how much pressure the blood
is exerting against the artery walls when D. vein
the ventricles are in the state of relax-
565. Which blood vessel allows O2 and Co2
ation:
pass through it?
A. systolic pressure A. Veins
B. arterial pulse B. Capillaries
C. diastolic pressure C. Arteries
560. Veins and arteries are like what parts on 566. What is the dividing wall between the
a car? right and left sides of the heart?
A. Hoses A. mitral valve
B. Engine B. aorta
C. Fitler C. venuels
D. Pump D. septum

567. Which of the following is NOT a charac- C. causes smooth muscles in blood ves-
teristic of normal blood flow to the heart? sels to contract

A. passive D. starts off the whole process
B. continuous 573. Blood that leaves the heart and is head-
C. steady flow then pulsatile ing to the lungs is traveling through the
D. unidirectional
A. pulmonary arteries
568. Which is the muscular wall that separates
B. pulmonary veins
the heart into right and left sides?
C. superior vena cava
A. valves
D. inferior vena cava
B. ventricles
C. atria 574. Complete the sequence: node, A-V
node, A-V bundle, fibers
D. septum
A. S-A Node and Purkinje Fibers
569. is a form of connective tissue com- B. S-A Node & Cardiovascular Fibers
prising fluid portion called plasma and a
variety of cells and substances. C. A-V Node & Purkinje Fibers
A. Hemoglobin D. A-V Node and Cardiovascular Fibers
B. Serum 575. Which valve is located between the right
C. Albumin atrium and right ventricle?
D. Blood A. bicuspid valve

B. tricuspid valve
570. Systolic means
C. pulmonary valve
A. relaxation
D. aortic valve
B. contraction
576. Which of the following is an inferited clot-
C. filling
ting disorder?
D. none of above
A. Thrombosis
571. The valve in the left side of the heart is B. Hemophilia
known as the
C. Thrombocyto-penia
A. bicuspid
D. Embolism
B. pulmonary semilunar
577. What is Stroke Volume?
C. tricuspid
A. Amount of blood pumped out of the
D. aortic semilunar
heart per hour
572. What is the role of fibrin in blood clot- B. Amount of blood pumped out of the
ting? heart per minute
A. acts as an enzyme C. Amount of blood pumped out of the
B. forms a mesh of fibres to cover the heart per beat
wound D. none of above

578. Which of the following structures would 583. The latin translation of ‘Vena cava’ is
contain blood with the HIGHEST oxygen A. Hollow cell
concentration?
B. Red cell
A. right ventricle
C. White cell
B. right atrium
D. clotting cell
C. coronary arteries
E. Hollow vein
D. pulmonary arteries
NARAYAN CHANGDER
584. largest artery of the body.
579. During fetal circulation, the foramen A. jugular
ovale is used to
B. aorta
A. deliver nutrients into the umbilical
C. femoral
cord
D. axillary
B. allow blood to travel from the right
atrium to the left atrium 585. If your blood type is Rh + (such as A+)
C. deliver oxygen to the lungs then you have on your red blood cells.
A. antibodies
D. allow blood to enter the brain
B. Rh antigens
580. This known as the natural pacemaker of C. no Rh antigens
the heart.
D. multiple alleles
A. Atrioventricular node
586. The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular
B. Sinoatrial node
valves attach directly to
C. Bundle of his
A. papillary muscles.
D. Purkinje Fibers B. trabeculae carneae
581. Which of the below has the largest lu- C. chordae tennidae
men (hollow centre which blood flows D. interatrial septa
through)?
587. Deoxygenated blood arrives to the heart
A. Capillaries
from the the body via the
B. Veins A. aorta
C. Venules B. pulmonary arteries
D. Arteries C. vena cava
582. The force applied to arterial walls as the D. pulmonary veins

heart pumps blood is called 588. What takes blood away from the heart?
A. blood pressure A. Veins
B. blood volume B. Capillary
C. viscosity C. Artery
D. resistance D. Vessels

589. What is the function of the arteries? C. 4

A. carry blood to your head D. 3

B. carry blood away from the heart and to
594. The passage of blood from left atrium to
the major organs of the body
body is
C. carry blood back to the heart away
A. left atrium-left ventricle-aorta-body
from the major organs of the body
B. left atrium-right ventricle-aorta-body
D. small blood vessels where gas ex-
change occurs C. left atrium-left ventricle-pulmonary
artery-body
590. What makes up around 55% of the
blood? D. left atrium-left ventricle-pulmonary
vein-body
A. Plasma
B. Red Blood Cells 595. The combining form sphygm/o means.
C. White Blood Cells A. measure

D. Platelets B. pulse
C. tension
591. Another name for the circulatory system
is because they describe the system D. condition
that consists of the heart, blood vessels,
and blood. 596. When a myocardial infarction occurs, a
special is released and can be detcted
A. Cardiovascular System in a patient’s blood within 26 hours.
B. Heart A. cardiac enzyme
C. Respiratory System B. hormone
D. Arterial system C. leukocyte
592. What is your maximum heart rate? D. neurotransmitter
A. 220 minus your age; the maximum
597. The amount of blood ejected from the
number of times your heart can beat
heart per beat is the
safely in one minute.
A. Stroke Volume
B. 175; The zone that you want your heart
rate to be in while you’re being active. B. Cardiac Output
C. When you haven’t been active for a C. Heart Rate
long time and your heart isn’t working D. Tidal Volume
very hard.
D. The highest number on the electronic 598. Systolic pressure measures which of the
heart rate monitor. following?
A. atrial contraction
593. How many chambers does the mam-
malian heart have? B. atrial relaxation
A. 2 C. ventricular contraction
B. 1 D. ventricular relaxation

599. What happens after the Purkinje fiber re- 604. These are the smallest blood vessels with
ceive stimulation? the thinnest walls in order to maximize dif-
fusion of nutrients in and out of the inter-
A. The ventricles begin to contract
stitial fluid
B. The atriums contract
A. arteries
C. The signal travels to the Bundle of His B. veins
D. The ventricles collapse C. capillaries
NARAYAN CHANGDER
600. Which of the following are the blood D. aorta
vessels that carry blood away from the 605. what is hypotension?
heart?
A. broken bone
A. Veins
B. high blood pressure
B. Arteries C. low blood pressure
C. Capillaries D. heart attack
D. none of above
606. What is it called when there is an inter-
ruption of blood to the brain?
601. Which organ constantly pumps without
you thinking about it? A. Migraine
A. lungs B. Stroke
B. heart C. Heart attack

D. Homeostasis
C. brain
D. kidneys 607. In between the parietal pericardium and
the visceral pericardium is a space known
602. If you’re bleeding, what makes it stop? as the
A. red blood cells A. Pleural cavity
B. white blood cells B. Peritoneal cavity

C. Pericardial cavity
C. nothing
D. none of above
D. platelets
608. Which arteries become blocked during a
603. Which best explains why capillary walls myocardial infarction?
are so thin?
A. coronary
A. because they do not need to pump B. pulmonary
blood
C. carotid
B. because they are found only in the
D. axillary
smallest organs and tissues
C. because they maximize diffusion of nu- 609. Short term effects refer to those experi-
trients enced up to hours of exercise
D. because blood only travels through A. 36

them slowly B. 24

C. 24 615. What are the 2 main functions of the Car-

diovascular System
D. 12

A. Supply the body with Oxygen and Nu-
610. A buildup of plaque in the arteries leads trients
to B. To support the body
A. angina C. To attach bones to muscles
B. hypertension D. To remove waste products
C. atherosclerosis 616. Which of the following characteristics de-
D. hypotension scribe the veins?
A. move away from the heart
611. The largest artery in the human body
B. have low blood pressure
A. aorta
C. distribute blood to body organs
B. femoral artery
D. have high blood pressure
C. pulmonary trunk
617. This blood vessel carries blood toward
D. superior vena cava the heart
612. what are the bottom chambers called A. Artery
A. ventricles B. Vein
C. Capillaries
B. pippa berry
D. none of above
C. atrium
D. lungs 618. What is high blood pressure called?
A. atherosclerosis
B. hypertension
happens when brain cells are starved of
oxygen and die? C. myocardial infarction
A. Atherosclerosis D. aneurism
B. Heart failure 619. When the Ventricles contract

C. Heart attack A. it contracts all at the same time
D. Stroke B. it contracts from the top to bottom
C. it contracts from the bottom to the top
614. What is plasma?
D. it doesn’t contract at all
A. The part of the blood that fights infec-
tion 620. Short term effects of exercise are
B. The fluid part of the blood A. immediate and long lasting
C. The part of the blood that carries oxy- B. immediate and temporary
gen C. Over a period of time and long lasting
D. Something to do with TV’s D. Over a period of time and temporary

621. Which of the following statements about 626. A long term effect of exercise on the
measuring blood pressure is incorrect? heart is that it can have a lower resting
heart rate (known as Bradycardia). Why
A. A stethoscope and sphymomanometer
is this?
is used to measure blood pressure
A. It’s weaker and so it pumps less times
B. High blood pressure is known as hyper- a minute
tension
B. It’s weaker so pumps less blood each
C. Systole and diastole represent the con- beat, meaning it needs to beat more times
NARAYAN CHANGDER
traction and relaxation of the heart, re- a minute
spectively.
C. It’s stronger and therefore pumps
D. The first sound you hear while measur- more times a minute
ing a person’s blood pressure is referred
D. It’s stronger so pumps more blood
to as diastole
each beat, meaning it does need to beat
as much
622. Which blood vessel is the site of gas ex-
change? 627. The beating of the heart creates flow
A. vein in which the flow speed varies dramati-
cally over the ratio of a single heart beat.
B. capillary
A. episodic
C. artery B. pulsatile
D. arteriole C. steady
623. Which of the following is NOT correct? D. constant
A. Veins-have valves-low pressure 628. Pulmonary circulation involves blood

flow to and from the heart and the
B. Arteries-thick walls-high pressure
A. body
C. Capillaries-thin walls-gas exchange
B. digestive organs
D. Arteries-thin walls-high pressure C. brain
624. Other names for Right Atrioventricular D. lungs
valve
629. What is the largest vein in the body?
A. Bicuspal valve A. Septum
B. Bicuspid valve B. Aorta
C. Mitral valve C. Capillaries
D. Tricuspid valve D. Vena cava
630. The side of the heart is the circuit
625. what carries blood away the heart?
and pumps oxygen-poor blood to the
A. arteries
A. right; systemic; lungs
B. veins B. right; pulmonary; lungs
C. capillaries C. left; systemic; body
D. apex D. left; pulmonary; body

631. Blood is classified as tissue. C. Pulmonary

A. connective D. Coronary

B. circulatory
637. Excess tissue fluid enters which vessel?
C. epithelial
A. Capillary
D. muscular
B. Lymph
632. This blood vessel has valves to prevent
the backflow of blood C. Artery
A. Arteries D. Vein
B. Capillaries
638. trans-
C. Veins
A. across through
D. none of above
B. surrounding around
633. Which of the following is an effect of
damaged left ventricular muscle? C. in within inside
A. increase ejection fraction D. abnormal narrowing

B. increase pumping of blood to the pe-
639. Prefix that means not or without
ripheral circulation
C. retention of blood in the left atrium A. an-
D. all of the above B. echo-

C. tachy-
634. Which of the following structures is not
part of the cardiovascular (circulatory) D. epi-
system?
A. veins 640. Which of the following does NOT happen
when acetylcholine binds to the muscarinic
B. large intestine receptor in the SA and AV node?
C. arteries
A. decrease cardiac output
D. heart
B. decrease parasympathetic response
635. Which of the following are the smallest C. decrease heart rate
vessels in the body?
D. decrease conduction velocity
A. Arteries
B. Veins 641. What is one of the main functions of the
C. Capillaries cardiovascular system?
D. Heart A. Transport of hormones to cells through
out the body and removal of waste
636. What is the name of the circulation be-
tween the heart and the body? B. detoxify chemicals
A. Diastolic C. break down nutrients
B. Systemic D. none of above

642. The nurse is reviewing the anatomy and 647. smooth layer of cells that lines the inside
physiology of the cardiac system with a of the heart.
patient scheduled for pacemaker insertion.
A. endocardium
Which chamber of the heart should the
nurse instruct has the greatest workload B. myocardium
and usually fails first as a result? C. pericardium
A. left atrium D. none of above
B. right atrium
NARAYAN CHANGDER
648. Which blood vessel contains most of the
C. left ventricle blood?
D. right ventricle A. arteries
643. The visceral pericardium is the same as B. capillaries
the C. arterioles
A. epicardium D. veins
B. mediastinum.
649. What is the purpose of the cardiovascular
C. parietal pericardium. system?
D. none of above A. removes the waste products from the
body
644. What is the medical term for a resting
heart rate below 60 beats per minute? B. digest food and absorbs nutrients in
the body
A. normocardia
C. controls movement of various parts of
B. tachycardia
the body
C. bradycardia
D. circulates blood to different parts of
D. slowcardia the body
645. Varicose veins found in the rectal area 650. Regular exercise causes resting heart
are called rate to
A. atherosclerosis A. Increase
B. hemorrhoids B. Decrease
C. stensis C. Remain the same
D. palpitation D. Stop
646. These prevent blood from flowing back 651. The circulatory system is responsible
into the atria when the ventricles contract for..
A. semilunar valves A. regulating body temperature
B. capillaries B. transporting nutrients and waste
C. tricuspid & bicuspid valves C. protection from disease
D. arteries D. all of these are correct

652. The bicuspid or mitral valve is the valve 657. blood vessels that allow exchange of nu-
trients with body tissues

A. between the right atrium and right ven- A. arteries
tricle B. veins
B. that opens from the right ventricle into C. capillaries
the artery
D. coronary arteries
C. that opens from the left ventricle into
the artery 658. What inheritance patterns makes the
blood type AB possible?
D. between the left atrium and left ventri-
cle A. incomplete dominance
B. multiple alleles
653. Select all that apply to arteries
C. codominance
A. Oval lumen D. total dominance
B. Thick muscular layer
659. The upper 2 chambers of the heart are
C. Have valces called
D. Carries blood away from the heart A. Right/Left Atrium
E. Blood pressure within them is high B. Right/Left Ventricle
C. Right/Left Bicuspid
654. What artery supplies blood to the SA
node and AV node? D. Right/Left Tricuspid
A. LAD 660. Arteries carry blood
B. right coronary artery A. away from the heart
C. left coronary artery B. toward the heart
D. circumflex artery C. to the liver
D. to the stomach
655. What nerve does the Sympathetic ner-
vous system send messages down? 661. Which of these are long term effects of
exercise on the cardiovascular system?
A. Vegus Nerve
A. A stronger heart and less chance of
B. Accelerator Nerve
heart disease
C. Optic Nerve B. Stronger breathing muscles and less
D. Terminal Nerve chance of lung disease
C. All of these answers
656. what are the “pumping chambers” of the
heart? D. Stronger bones and less chance of
fractures
A. systole
662. What is the name of the muscular wall
B. purkinji fibers
that separates the heart into right and left
C. ventricles sides?
D. arterioles A. valves

B. ventricles 668. Which part of the heart pumps oxy-

genated blood?
C. atria
A. Left side
D. septum
B. Right side
663. What are Leukocytes? C. Top side
A. Plasma D. Bottom side
B. Red blood cells 669. What organs belong to the cardiovascular
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Platelets system?
D. White blood cells A. heart
B. kidneys
664. Blood pressure refers to which of the fol-
C. lungs
lowing?
D. arteries and veins
A. The force exerted by circulating blood
on the walls of blood vessels E. all of the above
B. The force exerted on the capillaries 670. Which of the following arteries have de-
oxygenated blood?
C. The force exerted on the heart
A. Aorta
D. The force exerted on the arteries
B. Pulmonary
665. The Blood Brain Barrier is a network of C. Umbilical
with overlapping cell membranes that D. Renal
form junctions.
671. Where are antibodies located?
A. Arterioles & Loose
A. surface of red blood cells
B. Arterioles & Tight
B. surface of white blood cells
C. Capillaries & Loose
C. plasma
D. Capillaries & Tight
D. surface of platelets
666. -tension 672. What chamber receives blood from the
A. pressure vena cava?
B. muscle A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. grow
C. left atrium
D. hard
D. left ventricle
667. The contraction of the heart is known
673. What carries blood away from the
as?
heart?
A. Stroke volume A. vein
B. Diastole B. artery
C. Cardiac cycle C. arterioles
D. Systole D. capillaries

674. is a blood condition in which there is 680. The main purpose of pulmonary circula-
a lower than normal number of red blood tion is
cells or abnormal or deficient hemoglobin

A. return deoxygenated blood to the
A. sickle cell anemia heart
B. Leukemia B. distribute oxygenated blood to the
C. Leukocytosis body
D. Anemia C. return oxygenated blood to the heart

from the lungs
675. The lower two chambers of the heart D. none of above
681. In a normal ECG, the deflection that is
B. Valves generated by ventricular repolarization is
C. Atria called the
D. Ventricles A. P wave
E. Septum B. QRS wave
676. A fibroserous sac that encloses the heart C. R wave
A. pericardium D. T wave
B. myocardium E. S wave
C. endocardium 682. Which of the following blood pressure

D. chordae tendineae readings would be considered normal in a
person at rest:
677. What antibodies can be found in the A. 120/80
plasma when someone has blood type A?
B. 90/30
A. none
C. 170/100
B. A
D. none of above
C. B
D. A and B 683. What type of effect is shown when there
is a change in the degree of excitability or
678. The pacemaker of the heart is the irritability of cardiac muscle?
A. AV node A. chronotrophic
B. SA node B. dromotrophic
C. Bundle of His C. inotrophic
D. Purkinje Fibre D. bathmotropic
679. The thin walls of the veins allows them 684. What are the main components of the car-
to diovascular system?
A. have a large capacity for expansion A. Heart, blood vessels, lungs
B. adjust during valsalva maneuver B. veins, arteries, capillaries
C. all of the above C. Heart, blood, blood vessels
D. none of the above D. Blood vessels, blood, Haemaglobin

685. The thick muscular portion of the heart: 691. These 2 events occur during the QRS
A. Endocardium wave on an ECG.
B. Pericardium A. Ventricles and Atria Repolarize
C. Myocardium B. Ventricles and Atria Depolarize
D. none of above C. Ventricles Repolarize and Atria Depo-
larize
686. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart
D. Ventricles Depolarize and Atria Repo-
from the body by
NARAYAN CHANGDER
larize
A. the pulmonary artery
692. The role of the atrioventricular node (AV
B. both the superior and inferior vena
node) is to
cava
C. the superior vena cava A. initiate a sinus rhythm
D. the inferior vena cava B. conduct impulses to the sinoatrial

node (SA node)
687. fibroserous sac enclosing the heart C. initiate ventricular depolarization
A. endocardium D. slow down impulses so that the atria
B. epicardium can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles
C. myocardium with blood
D. pericardium 693. Which of the following is true for both
cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues?
688. Which valve allows blood to pass from
the left atrium into the left ventricle? A. striated
A. Mitral/Bicuspid B. branched
B. Tricuspid C. contract as a unit
C. Pulmonary D. can spontaneously depolarize without
D. Aortic input from the nervous system
689. The contraction of the ventricles is called 694. After heart contraction, blood in the right
ventricle get pushed into what structure?
A. systole
A. Pulmonary Artery
B. diastole
B. Pulmonary Vein
C. flexion
C. Aorta
D. tension
D. Right Atrium
690. Mr. Shore’s heart rate is 70 beats per
minute and he has a stroke volume of 0.05 695. What type of antigens can be found on
liters per stroke. What is his cardiac out- the surface of RBC’s when someone has
put? blood type O?
A. 5 Liters / minute A. A
B. 4 Liters / minute B. B
C. 3 Liters / minute C. AB
D. 3.5 Liters / minute D. none

696. Which of the following foods are heart 701. The relaxing of the heart is known as
healthy foods? A. Diastole

A. Butter and cheese B. Systole
B. beef and whole milk C. Heart Rate
C. Ice cream D. Cardiac Arrest
D. Fish and fruits 702. If venous return decreases,
697. What is the name of a poison that is pro- A. energy decreases
duced during anaerobic respiration? B. exercise decreases
A. Carbon dioxide C. stroke volume decreases
B. Lactic acid D. concentration decreases
C. Hydrochloric acid 703. The process by which blood moves be-
D. sweat tween the heart and the lungs
698. What is the correct order of parts of the
heart conduction system? B. Valves
A. AV node, SA node, bundle of His, purk- C. Atria
inje fibers D. Ventricles
B. purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node, bun- E. Septum
dle of His
704. Which molecule is responsible for bonding
C. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, purk- oxygen to RBC
inje fibers
A. Hemoboblin
D. none of above
B. Hemophyll
699. The only artery in the body that carries C. Hemoglobin
de-oxygenated blood from the lungs to the D. Hemostasis
rest of the lungs
A. Pulmonary Vein 705. Which vessels emerge from the aorta to
supply blood to the myocardium?
B. Pulmonary Artery
A. carotid arteries
C. Vena cava
B. coronary arteries
D. Aorta
700. The atria are the “upstairs” chambers of D. inferior vena cava
the heart and these parts are the “down-
stairs” chambers 706. Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to
leak back into the when the ventricles
A. Valves contract.
B. Ventricles A. pulmonary arteries
C. Blood B. left atrium
D. Candy hearts C. right atrium

D. aorta of breath. The nurse interprets this com-

E. pulmonary trunk plaint as being related to which problem?
A. Pulmonary edema
707. The lower chambers of the heart are
B. Drop in cardiac output
called the
C. Impending pneumonia
A. artery
D. Increasing anxiety
B. ventricle
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. atrium 712. Which of the following is a Blood ves-
sel?
D. vesticle
A. Ventricles
708. arteries, veins, and capillaries are three
B. Heart
types of
C. Arteries
A. heart valves
D. Septum
B. blood vessels
C. cells 713. Which vessels bring blood to the left
atrium?
D. veins
A. Pulmonary artery
709. Which of the following statements is not B. Pulmonary vein
true?
C. Pulmonary valve
A. Hemoglobin, which has a quaternary
protein structure, is the main component D. Vena cavae
of red blood cells 714. The (a) the heart
B. The process of making red blood cells A. systole
is erythropoiesis, which is stimulated by
the hormone erythropoietin B. out
C. The main element that helps red blood C. diastole

cells hold oxygen is carbon. D. in
D. Sickie cells is a hereditary disease
715. Where does the blood pick up oxygen and
that is characterized by abnormal, sickle
give off carbon dioxide?
shaped red blood cells that stick to blood
vessel walls A. lungs
B. kidneys
710. Which if the following blood vessels is
the smallest? C. gal blatter
A. Arterioles D. stomach
B. Venules 716. Em-

C. Veins A. near
D. Capillaries B. over
711. The patient with tachycardia who has a C. out

heart rate of 115 complains of shortness D. in

717. After the SA node fires 723. The latin translation of ‘Leukocyte’ is
A. The left and rigth atria contract A. Hollow cell

B. The left and right ventricles contract B. Red cell
C. The atria fill with blood from the supe- C. White cell
rior vena cava
D. clotting cell
D. The tricuspid valve closes
E. Hollow vein
718. This blood vessel carries blood away
724. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart by
from the heart
the
A. Artery
A. pulmonary artery
B. Capillary
B. pulmonary vein
C. Vein
D. none of above
D. aorta
719. Leukemia is usually due to bone marrow
cancer, and it creates a higher number of 725. Blood vessels that branch from arteries
than normal. and control blood pressure are
A. thrombocytes A. venules
B. RBC’s B. veins
C. platelets C. arterioles
D. WBC’s D. capillaries
720. What carries the oxygenated blood from 726. structures responsible for electric current
the lungs to the left atrium of the heart? in the heart
A. vena cava A. electric waves
B. aorta B. nodal system
C. pulmonary vein C. systemic system
D. pulmonary artery D. electrical system
721. Which of the following is not a direct in- 727. important for the clotting process of
dicator of a person’s cardiac health? blood; platelets
A. Heart Rate A. erythrocytes
B. Blood Pressure B. leukocytes
C. EKG C. thrombocytes
D. Body Temperature D. none of above
722. what is hypoglycemia? 728. are white blood cells that help in de-
A. high blood pressure fense of the body
B. cardiac arrest A. hemoglobin
C. low blood pressure B. bone marrow
D. low blood sugar C. leukocytes

D. erythrocytes 734. Blood vessels that carry blood away

E. platelets (thrombocytes) from the heart are called
A. arterioles
729. Agglutination is which of the following? B. capillaries
A. Can result in liver failure C. arteries
B. The body accepting a transfusion D. veins
C. The clumping of particles 735. Which structure pumps blood into the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The results when compatible blood aorta?
types are mixed A. right ventricle
730. Suffix that means hardening or thicken- B. left ventricle
ing C. right atrium
A. -sclerosis D. left atrium
B. -stenosis 736. Select all of the options which are true of
diastole
C. -osis
A. Blood returns to the atria
D. -us
B. A decrease in atrial pressure pushes
731. are red blood cells that carry oxygen open the AV valves
A. hemoglobin C. SL valves are open
B. bone marrow D. Blood enters the ventricles
C. leukocytes 737. Having type O blood means that you

have antigens on the cell surface.
D. erythrocytes
A. A
E. platelets (thrombocytes)
B. B
732. The of the heart is responsible for col- C. both A & B
lecting blood from the body and sending it D. special O
to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
E. no
A. upper half
738. Platelets
B. lower half
A. Fight infection
C. right side
B. Carry oxygen
D. left side
C. Carry carbon dioxide
733. what is the job of the atria? D. Clot the blood
A. collect blood 739. what is the relaxation of ventricles
B. receive bood from the veins of the called?
body A. diastole
C. receive blood from the arteries of the B. systole
body C. hypotension
D. distribute blood to the body D. hypertension

740. The movement of blood through the heart 745. Which of the following is FALSE about
and body is called pacemaker cells?

A. circulation A. They allow the heart to beat on its own
B. locomotion B. They create their own electrical im-
C. ventriculation pulses
D. heart pump C. They are part of the sinoatrial node

and the atrioventricular node
741. Click all of the structures which make up D. They require depolarizing stimulation
arteries. from the brain
A. Lumen
746. Isovolumetric contraction occurs during
B. Endothelium the of the electrocardiogram.
C. Thin smooth muscle layer
A. T wave
D. Elastic fibres
B. R wave
E. Thick smooth muscule layer
C. P wave
742. The goal of systemic circulation is to D. S-T segment
A. distribute blood throughout the body E. P-Q segment
B. return blood to the heart from the body
747. which blood type is the universal donor
C. return oxygenated blood to the lungs (all people can receive it)?
D. both distribute and return blood to the A. O
heart from the body
B. AB
743. The circuit that provides nourishment to C. A
the heart itself, which provides nourish-
ment for all other organs in the body, is D. B
called what?
748. Which of the blood vessels has a thicker
A. Pulmonary circuit tunica media (muscular wall)?
B. Systemic circuit A. Capillaries
C. Coronary circuit B. Arteries
D. none of above C. Veins
744. Which of the following describes why the D. none of above
tunica media of the veins are thinner than
their companion arteries? 749. What creates the “lubb-dupp” heart
sounds?
A. more proteins in the arteriolar end
A. flow of blood
B. lower blood pressure in the venous
system B. closing of valves
C. presence of deoxygenated blood C. opening of valves
D. presence of valves in the veins D. ventricles contracting

750. Which vessels have thick, elastic walls 755. The abnormal narrowing of a blood ves-
that carry blood at high pressure? sel.
A. Veins A. phlebostenosis
B. Arteries B. angiostenosis
C. Venules C. arteriostenosis
D. Capillaries D. angiosclerosis
NARAYAN CHANGDER
751. main function is to fight infection; white
756. Which heart structure does blood from
blood cells
the body first enter when returning to the
A. erythrocytes heart?
B. leukocytes A. Vena Cavas
C. thrombocytes B. Right Atrium
D. none of above C. Pulmonary Veins
752. The superior vena cava, inferior vena D. Left Atrium
cava, and coronary sinus pump blood to
the 757. small veins
A. Right Atrium A. capillaries
B. Left Atrium B. arterioles
C. Right Ventricle C. venules
D. Left Ventricle D. corpuscles
753. The group of pacemaker cells near the en- 758. Which of the following does not match
trance of the superior vena cava forms the it’s definition?
A. diapedesis is a process where blood
A. Sinoatrial node cells migrate out of blood vessels into the
B. Bundle of his damaged tissues
C. atrioventricular node B. histamine is a chemical that causes in-
D. myocardium flammation
C. hemorrhage means to bleed or leak
754. What do red blood cells do?
blood
A. Carry oxygen from the lungs to the
D. leukocytes are the types of cells bicon-
body cells and transport carbon dioxide
cave cells found most commonly in the
from the cells back to the lungs
blood to help transport gases
B. Keeps blood flowing in one direction to
the heart and prevent blood from flowing 759. Decreased diameter of blood vessels
backwards
A. Vasoconstriction
C. Collects blood from the capillaries and
B. Vasodilation
drain it into the veins
C. Arterioconstrictio
D. Bring nutrients to the cells and carries
away waste materials D. Arteriodialation

760. The purpose of valves in the heart is to C. make blood

A. push blood through the chambers D. none of above

B. prevent backflow of blood
766. Which order is correct?
C. allow of anaerobic respiration
A. Superior and inferior vena cava into
D. removal of toxins the right atrium through the tricuspid
valve
761. Heart attacks that start out slowly with
little or no pain are called a(an) B. Superior and inferior vena cava into
the left atrium through the bicuspid valve
A. silent MI
B. embolus C. right ventricle through the tricuspid
valve into the right atrium
C. stroke
D. body cells and tissues to the aorta
D. ischemia through the aortic valve
762. What does the right atrium do with 767. How many chambers does the human
oxygen-poor blood? heart have?
A. the right atrium pushes blood to the
A. 4
heart
B. 2
B. the right atrium pushes blood to the
lungs C. 3
C. the right atrium cleans it and it acts D. 5
like a filter.
768. what is the mitral valve known as?
D. none of above
A. aortic valve
763. the movement of blood from the heart to B. bicuspid valve
all parts/systems of the body
C. pulmonary valve
A. systemic circulation
D. tricuspid valve
B. body circulation
C. pulmonary circulation 769. What is the record that displays the pat-
tern of electrical activity in the heart?
D. part circulation
A. electrotherapy
764. What does haematocrit represent?
B. electrocardiogram
A. Fraction of white blood cells in the
blood C. echocardiogram
B. Fraction of red blood cells in the blood D. electro-cardiography
C. Fraction of platelets in the blood 770. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation have
D. Fraction of plasma in the blood to deal with
A. Veins
765. Which one is not a function of the cardio-
vascular system B. arteries
A. transport oxygen and nutrients to cells C. capillaries
B. body temperature regulation D. All of them

771. Which artery is used to take your blood 776. what type of blood is the universal recip-
pressure? ient?
A. brachial A. AB
B. femoral B. A
C. radial C. B
D. O
D. carotid
777. Which blood vessels specifically deliver
NARAYAN CHANGDER
772. How many blood types are in the ABO oxygen to your cells?
grouping system?
A. venules
A. One
B. capillaries
B. Two C. arterioles
C. Three D. arteries
D. Four
778. Which of the following are the blood ves-
sels that have the thickest walls; why do
773. Compared to arteries, veins
they have thick walls?
A. are more elastic.
A. Arteries; carry the most blood
B. have more smooth muscle in their tu- B. Arteries; carry blood under higher
nica media pressure
C. hold their shape better when cut. C. Veins; carry blood under low pressure
D. have thinner walls D. Veins; carry blood under higher pres-
sure
774. Which of the following fights infection?
779. Which layer of the heart wall provides
A. Red Blood cells the contractile properties?
B. White blood cells A. Epicardium
C. Platelets B. Endocardium
D. Plasma C. Myocardium
D. none of above
775. How does the heart work?
A. It pumps blood first to the lungs, back 780. This layer of the artery contains collage-
to the heart and then around the rest of nous fibers and irregular connective tissue.
the body. A. Tunica Interna
B. It pumps blood first to the rest of the B. Tunica Intermedia
body, back to the lungs and then to the C. Tunica Media
heart.
D. Tunica Externa
C. It pumps blood around the rest of the
body, back to the heart and then to the 781. The suffix-graphy means
lungs, A. record or image
D. none of above B. measure

C. process of recording 787. Hematopoiesis is regulated by the hor-

D. electricity mone

A. ADH
782. Which organ brings oxygen into your
body? B. EPO
C. TSH
A. heart
D. GH
B. veins
C. arteries 788. De-oxygenated blood enters the right
atrium through
D. lungs
A. pulmonary veins
783. Which of the following are the blood ves- B. vena cavaes
sels that have the thickest walls?
C. pulmonary arteries
A. Veins
D. aorta
B. Arteries
C. Cappillaries 789. There are quarts of blood in your
body.
D. none of above
A. 2-4
784. What is the role of arteries in the cardio- B. 4-6
vascular system?
C. 6-8
D. 8-10
790. A blood vessel that carries blood back to
C. Carry blood to the lungs
the heart.
D. Allows the exchanges of gases, nutri-
A. Cardiovascular System
ents and wastes between blood and the
tissues B. Heart
C. Vein
causes a fatty build up in the walls of D. Artery
blood vessels? 791. Other names for Left Atrioventricular
A. Atherosclerosis valve
B. Heart failure A. Bicuspal valve
C. Angina B. Mitral valve
D. Stroke C. Tricuspid valve
D. Bicuspid valve
786. The process between a blood sample and
the antiserum that causes the blood to 792. The heart pumps blood to the for it
clumping is called to get oxygenated
A. non-gluten A. lungs
B. coagulation B. stomach
C. agglutination C. tissues
D. clotting D. arteries

793. Which TWO are responsible for prevent- D. Venules

ing or fighting infection in the body? E. Capillaries
A. Red blood cells
799. What is the function (job) of the red blood
B. White blood cells cells?
C. Platelets A. To transport oxygen around the body
D. Plasma and to the muscles.
B. To release antibodies to fight infec-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
794. What does the AV Node do?
tions.
A. Causes Ventricles to contract
B. Cause right Atria to contract ars.
C. Delays passage of impulses to the ven- D. To clot and form scabs if there is a
tricles wound on the body.
D. Directs impulses to the apex of the
800. The valve that separates the right atrium
heart
and the right ventricle is the
795. Which of the following is associated with A. bicuspid valve
oxygenated blood?
B. tricuspid valve
A. Aorta C. aortic semilunar valve
B. Pulmonary Artery D. pulmonary semilunar valve
C. Septum
801. Low levels of oxygen in the blood stim-
D. Right Ventricle ulate the kidneys to release the hormone
796. What does the cardiovascular system
consist of? A. erythropoietin
A. heart, blood vessels, and blood B. adrenalin
B. blood C. insulin
C. the heart D. epinephrine
D. stomach and brain 802. What is responsible for clotting the blood
when a person gets cut?
797. What is hypertension?
A. Capillaries
B. Platelets
B. low blood pressure
C. Plasma
C. migraine
D. Vena cava
D. heart attack
803. Which is the correct passage of blood
798. Blood vessels that carry oxygenated through the left side of the heart?
blood away from the heart
A. Atrium, tricuspid valve, ventricle, pul-
A. Arterioles monary vein
B. Arteries B. Atrium, bicuspid valve, ventricle, semi-
C. Veins lunar valve, aorta

C. Atrium, semi-lunar valve, ventricle, 809. A condition in which a person’s blood

pulmonary artery pressure stays at a level that is higher
than normal is called

D. Atrium, tricuspid valve, ventricle, vena
cava A. heart attack
804. What part of blood is responsible for car- B. asteriosclerosis
rying oxygen and carbon dioxide to body
C. hypertension
cells?
D. artherosclerosis
A. Red Blood Cells
B. White Blood Cells 810. Pulmonary vein
C. Platelets A. carries oxygenated blood to left atrium
D. Plasma
B. carries deoxygenated blood to left ven-
805. What is the equation for Cardiac Output? tricle
(The amount of blood pumped out of the C. carries oxygenated blood to left ventri-
heart per minute) cle
A. Heart Rate x Stroke Volume D. carries deoxygenated blood to left
B. Stroke Volume x Tidal Volume atrium
C. Tidal Volume x Heart Rate
811. Which is the most common type of blood
D. none of above cell in a healthy human?
806. Which group of blood cells play a role in A. erythrocytes
the body’s defense mechanism?
B. monocytes
A. RBC
C. lymphocytes
B. WBC
C. Platelet D. eosinophils
D. none of above 812. Which microscopic vessles allow for gas

807. After blood leaves the capillaries, it en- exchange and distribute nutrients to tis-
ters the sues?
A. arteries. A. venules
B. arterioles. B. arterioles
C. venules. C. capillaries
D. none of above D. veins
808. -gram
813. Which blood vessel drains blood from the
A. a picture or record head, neck, shoulders, and arms?
B. a picture or record on a machine A. aorta
C. the process of producing a picture or B. coronary vein
record
C. inferior vena cava
D. on the outside or beyond outside ex-
tremity D. superior vena cava

1.9 Blood Physiology 328
814. Which blood vessels have the thinnest 816. Select all of the options which are true of
walls and allow gases to pass through atrial systole.
them? A. Atria contract
A. Capillaries
B. Blood is pumped from ventricles into
B. Arteries atria
C. Veins C. AV valve is open
D. none of above D. SL valve is open
NARAYAN CHANGDER
815. What keeps the left and right sides of the
heart separate? 817. This type of blood cells fights infection.
A. tricuspid valve A. white blood cells

B. septum B. plasma
C. bicuspid valve C. red blood cells
D. sinoatrial node D. platelets
1.9 Blood Physiology

1. Hematopoiesis occurs where? C. Thyroxine
A. white bone marrow D. GABA
B. stem cells
5. The heart pumps about liters of blood
C. red bone marrow a day and contracts about times in a
D. blood vessels lifetime.
A. 1, 200 liters; 2 billion
2. “Formed elements” are
B. 1, 000 liters; 1 billion
A. blood and lymph.
B. sodium and potassium. C. 3, 000 liters; 2 billion
C. serum and plasma. D. 7, 000 liters; 2.5 billion
D. blood cells and platelets. 6. Which is the correct sequence for differen-
tiation of a red blood cell?
3. Which of the following are granulocytes?
A. Hematopoietic stem cell, erythrocyte,
A. neutrophils, eosinophils, and ba-
hematoblast, erythroblast
sophils
B. Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast,
B. lymphocytes and monocytes
reticulocyte, erythrocyte
C. eosinophils and monocytes
C. Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast,
D. basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils erythrocyte, reticulocyte
4. What neurotransmitters will cause an in- D. Hematopoietic stem cell, hemocyto-
crease in heart rates? blast, erythrocyte, erythroblast
A. Epinephrine 7. Which of the following elements is in-
B. Norepinephrine cluded in hemoglobin molecules?

A. Cobalt C. Rh factor
B. Iron D. hemostasis

C. Copper
13. Fibrous insoluble protein formed during
D. Iodine blood clotting.
8. The right atrium receives blood directly A. anemia
from
B. albumins
A. the superior vena cava, inferior vena
cava, and coronary sinus. C. plasma
B. the pulmonary veins. D. fibrin
C. the superior vena cava and inferior
14. Hormone that stimulates production of red
vena cava only.
blood cells made by kidneys
D. the superior vena cava, inferior vena
cava, and pulmonary veins. A. neutrophil
B. erythropoietin
9. Most of the volume of normal human blood
is composed of: C. erythrocytes
A. red cells D. thrombin
B. hemoglobin
15. Low levels of which Ion may cause a de-
C. plasma crease in heart rate?
D. white cells A. Ca2+
10. A group of proteins in blood plasma having B. K+
transport and immune functions.
C. Na+
A. fibrin
D. Ca-
B. platelets
C. albumins 16. A malignant tumor of the bone marrow.
D. globulins A. myeloma
11. Platelets are fragments of a large cell that B. blood
ruptures in bone marrow. What is this
C. plasma
large cell called
D. anemia
A. Hemocytoblast
B. Megakaryocyte 17. The systemic circuit
C. Leukocyte A. sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues.
D. Phagocyte
B. sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
12. The percentage of blood that consists of C. brings oxygen-rich blood from the tis-
red blood cells. sues.
A. hemoglobin D. brings oxygen-poor blood from the
B. hematocrit lungs.

18. What blood type is the “universal donor” C. Bundle of His

because it can be donated to anyone?
D. Purkinje fibers
A. A
23. Which cell engulfs and digests bacte-
B. B
ria/pathogens?
C. AB
A. lymphocytes
D. O
B. phagocytes
NARAYAN CHANGDER
19. Which blood vessels take blood AWAY C. platelets
from the heart?
D. none of above
A. Veins
B. Arteries 24. Platelets are best described as
C. Capillaries A. lymphoid cells.
D. none of above B. fragments of cells.
20. What part of blood is responsible for car- C. giant, multinucleated cells.
rying wastes, nutrients, and minerals? D. immature leukocytes.
A. Red Blood Cells
25. The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei
B. White Blood Cells when they are mature are the:
C. Platelets A. red blood cells
D. Plasma B. white blood cells
21. The biconcave shape of RBCs is beneficial C. platelets
because it:
D. macrophages
A. allows more space for the mature
RBCs to accommodate the nucleus. 26. What percentage of the body weight (in
kg) is composed of blood? What percent-
B. makes the RBCS more flexible so they
age of this blood is composed of plasma?
can pass and bend through the smaller
bloodvessels more easily. A. 20%; 55 %
C. prevents diapedesis of RBCs through B. 20%; 45%
the walls of the blood capillaries.
C. 7%; 45%
D. decreases the ratio of cell surface
D. 7%; 55%
area to volume of the cell and allows for
greater functionality E. < 1%; < 1%
22. Third part of Cardiac Conduction Sys- 27. Stoppage of bleeding or of the circulation
tem:This structures branches down from of blood to a part.
septum and out towards each ventricle.
A. hemostasis
They *relay* the signal to the Purkinje
fibers. B. hemoglobin
A. Atrioventricular (AV) node C. phagocytosis
B. Sinoatrial (SA) Node D. hematocrit

28. What letters are used to label the parts of 33. The most common group of proteins in
an EKG? blood plasma.

A. PQRST A. albumins
B. ABCDE B. fibrin
C. ACDC C. anemia
D. DNAI D. globulins
34. Which of the following is an agranulo-
29. White blood cells differ from red blood
cyte?
cells because only they contain
A. Eosinophil
A. a biconcave shape
B. Monocyte
B. a nucleus and most organelles
C. Neutrophil
C. the ability to transport both oxygen
D. Basophil
and carbon dioxide
D. the iron-containing molecule called 35. In ABO blood typing, a person’s blood that
hemoglobin was type B would:
A. clump with antibody-B
30. The percentage of blood that consists of
B. clump with antibody-A
mostly of red blood cells.
C. clump with antibody-O
A. hemoglobin
D. never clump any antibody
B. hematocrit
36. The two major groups of white blood cells
C. Rh factor
are
D. hemostasis
A. leukocytes and erythrocytes
31. Which of the following conditions can stim- B. platelets and megakaryocytes
ulate erythropoietin secretion? C. neutrophils and basophils
A. Low levels of oxygen in blood D. granulocytes and agranulocytes
B. Normal levels of hemoglobin in RBCs
37. Process by which phagocytes surround, en-
C. A high RBC count gulf, and destroy foreign cells.
D. An increased blood flow through the A. mononucleosis
kidneys B. Rh factor
32. Any of the various dissolved proteins of C. hemostasis
blood plasma, including antibodies and D. phagocytosis
blood-clotting proteins that act by holding
fluid in blood vessels by osmosis. 38. The normal white blood cell count is
A. clotting proteins A. 5, 000, 000-10, 000, 000 cells per mi-

croliter of blood.
B. plasma
B. 500-1, 00 cells per microliter of blood.
C. plasma proteins
C. 45, 000-100, 000 cells per microliter of
D. phagocytosis blood.

D. 4, 500-10, 000 cells per microliter of 44. Hormone that stimulates production of red
blood. blood cells.
39. Blood volume varies with A. neutrophil

B. erythropoietin
A. body size.
C. erythrocytes
B. all of the answers are correct.
D. thrombin
C. amount of adipose tissue.
45. What is Haemoglobin?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. changes in electrolyte and fluid con-
centrations. A. Iron rich protein that transports oxy-
gen in the blood cells.
40. In an adult, red blood cells are produced
primarily in the B. Blood Cells
A. yellow bone marrow C. Blood Vessels

D. A type of Capillary
B. spleen
C. red bone marrow 46. How many different types of blood ves-
sels are in our bodies?
D. heart
A. 1
41. Second part of Cardiac Conduction Sys- B. 5
tem:This structure receives a signal and
passes it on to the Bundle of His C. 3
A. Purkinje fibers D. 2
B. Atrioventricular (AV) node 47. Which of the following help repair dam-
C. Sinoatrial (SA) Node aged blood vesselsby adhering to their
broken edges?
D. none of above
A. lymphocytes
42. The form of anemia caused by lack of di- B. red blood cells
etary iron is
C. platelets
A. pernicious anemia.
D. basophils
B. iron deficiency anemia.
48. What is hematopoisis?
C. aplastic anemia.
A. formed elements
D. hemolytic anemia.
B. blood cell formation
43. Which of the following statements regard- C. erythrocyte formation
ing the platelets is correct?
D. developing RBCs
A. In the blood they are present in
greater number than red cells. 49. Hematocrit is
B. They secrete the main clotting factors. A. the percent of red blood cells in a blood
sample.
C. They aggregate in the presence of
prostacyclin. B. a disease.
D. They will adhere to the walls of dam- C. the color of plasma.
aged blood vessels. D. a clotting factor.

50. A person with type AB blood can success- 55. What is another name for White Blood
fully receive blood form a person with type Cells?
blood.

A. leukocytes
A. O B. erythrocytes
B. all of the answers are correct. C. thrombocytes
C. A D. none of above
D. B
56. On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-
aged man gets up and exercises in the
51. A primary function of lymphocytes is to:
aisle, moving his hands, feet, arms, and
A. release substances that initiate blood legs as much as he can. He does this ev-
clots ery two hours. The flight attendant asks
B. produce enzymes that dissolve blood him to sit down, but he explains that he is
clot trying to prevent a very dangerous medi-
cal condition. He is talking about
C. phagocytize damaged cells
A. thrombocytopenia.
D. act against foreign substances
B. aplastic anemia.
52. The clumping of red blood cells that occurs C. leukemia.
when transfused blood is of an incompati- D. deep vein thrombosis.
ble type is called
A. clotting. 57. Low blood pressure
B. coagulation. A. diastolic pressure

C. agglutination.
C. hypotension
D. none of above
D. hypertension
53. Which of the following is NOT a factor
that seemsto increase the susceptibility to 58. Plasma electrolytes include
atherosclerosis? A. fibrinogen, globulins, and albumin.
A. lack of physical exercise B. urea and uric acid.
B. high blood pressure C. monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils.
C. obesity
D. bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride,
D. diet high in unsaturated fats
and potassium ions.
54. What is another name for Red Blood 59. Small cell fragments that are derived from
Cells? certain cells in the bone marrow.
A. leukocytes A. platelets
B. erythrocytes B. plasma
C. thrombocytes C. albumins
D. none of above D. globulins

60. A condition in which the blood’s ability to 65. The loose-fitting sac around the heart is
carry oxygen is reduced because of a short- the
age of normal hemoglobin or too few red A. visceral pericardium.
blood cells.
B. epicardium.
A. leukemia
C. endocardium.
B. fibrin
D. fibrous pericardium.
C. anemia
66. Enzyme gland that contributes to immune
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. albumins responsiveness; where T cells mature.
61. The pulmonary circuit A. basophil
A. sends oxygen-poor blood to the tis- B. anemia
sues. C. thrombin
B. sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart. D. hemoglobin
C. sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. 67. Oxygen-transporting protein in red blood
D. brings oxygen-rich blood from the tis- cells that gives the cells their characteristic
sues. red color.
A. thrombin
62. Which of the following blood components
provide the major defense for our bodies B. hematocrit
against invading bacteria and viruses? C. hemoglobin
A. red cells D. hemostasis
B. white cells 68. Indicate some defects in the valves of the
C. platelets heart
D. hemoglobin A. Murmurs
B. Claudication
63. The group of proteins in blood plasma that
C. Varicose Veins
regulate osmotic or water balance is/are
D. Atherosclerosis
A. albumins
B. fibrin 69. A blood clot that forms abnormally in a
blood vessel is a(n)
C. anemia
A. embolus.
D. globulins
B. platelet plug.
64. The ballooning out of an artery, accompa- C. thrombus.
nied by the thinning arterial wall, caused D. aneurysm.
by weakening of the blood vessel
70. Term used to discuss any change or devia-
A. Aneurysm
tion from the normal rate or rhythm of the
B. Hematoma heart
C. Sickle cell anemia A. Arrhythmia
D. Coronary Artery Disease B. Aneurysm

C. Hematoma 76. Which of the following statements is true

D. Sickle cell anemia concerning human blood?

A. The blood of all normal humans con-
71. Cancer of the cells that form white blood tains red and white cells, platelets, and
cells, resulting in overproduction of abnor- plasma.
mal white blood cells.
B. Some human populations normally
A. leukemia
lack the ability to produce plasma.
B. leukocyte
C. Proteins are not normal components
C. anemia of human blood.
D. plasma D. Human blood can be transfused to
other people directly without any compli-
cations
red blood cells (RBCs) is INCORRECT?
A. Mature RBCs lack ribosomes 77. High blood pressure
B. The lifespan of RBCs is about 30 days A. Heart Failure
C. Mature RBCs lack nuclei B. Atherosclerosis
D. RBCs contain hemoglobin C. Myocardial Infarction
73. Circulation is vital because it D. Hypertension
A. inflates the lungs.
78. The relatively clear liquid medium which
B. supplies oxygen and nutrients to and carries the other cells of blood is called:
removes wastes from tissues.
A. plasma
C. delivers carbon dioxide to tissues and
removes excess oxygen. B. antibody
D. delivers wastes to tissues. C. lipid

D. chyme
74. Classification of blood based on the pres-
ence of surface antigens on red blood cells, 79. The basic event in the formation of a blood
and the presence of antibodies to surface clot is the change of
antigens other than one’s own.
A. thrombin to prothrombin.
A. blood
B. vitamin K to prothrombin.
B. blood doping
C. fibrin to fibrinogen.
C. leukocyte
D. fibrinogen to fibrin.
D. blood type
75. Each hemoglobin molecule is able to trans- 80. The proteins that B cells produce that at-
port molecules of oxygen tack foreign molecules are
A. 1 A. antibodies.
B. 2 B. lymphocytes.
C. 3 C. MHC complexes.
D. 4 D. interleukins.

81. A traveling blood clot is called: 86. Which of the following is the correct
A. hemorrhage sequence of parts through which blood
moves from the vena cava to the lungs?
B. embolism
A. Right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar
C. thrombus valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right
D. claudication ventricle
B. Right atrium, pulmonary semilunar
82. Which of the following correctly matches valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the valve to its function?
C. Right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right
A. Tricuspid valve permits one-way atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve
blood flow from the right to the left atrium
D. Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ven-
B. Mitral valve permits one-way blood tricle, pulmonary semilunar valve
flow from the left atrium to the left ventri-
cle 87. How would an increase in the diameter of
C. Pulmonary semilunar valve per- a blood vessel affect blood flow?
mits one-way flow from the left ventricle A. It would decrease blood flow
to the aorta B. It would increase blood flow
D. Aortic valve permits one-way blood C. Blood flow would not be influenced by
flow from the right ventricle to the pul- changes in blood vessel diameter
monary trunk
D. none of above
83. What system is built into the heart and
88. If a red blood cell has antigen A on its sur-
sets the basic rhythm of the heart?
face, what is its blood type?
A. Autonomic Nervous
A. A
B. Intrinsic Conduction
B. B
C. Somatic Nervous
C. AB
D. none of above
D. O
84. The red blood cells of type AB blood have 89. What part of the nervous system regu-
on their surfaces lates the activity of the heart?
A. antigen A only. A. Efferent
B. antigens A and B. B. Afferent
C. antigen B only. C. Autonomic
D. neither antigens A nor B. D. Somatic
85. The percentage of red blood cells in a sam- 90. The most active phagocytic cells among the
ple of human blood is normally about leukocytes are:
A. 15%. A. basophils and eosinophils
B. 45%. B. neutrophils and monocytes
C. 30%. C. lymphocytes and neutrophils
D. 60%. D. monocytes and lymphocytes

91. Which of the following formed elements C. plasma

releases serotonin?
D. platelets

A. Platelets
B. Basophils 97. Fibrous protein formed during blood clot-
ting.
C. Neutrophils
A. anemia
D. Erythrocytes
B. albumins
92. Each hemoglobin molecule contains which
C. plasma
of the following elements?
D. fibrin
A. iron
B. calcium 98. Fatima has blood pressure 183/81, what
C. potassium is Fatima’s systolic pressure?
D. nitrogen A. 81
B. 183
93. What do the letters EKG stand for?
C. 183/81
A. Electrocardiograph
B. Electromagneticgraph D. 81/183
C. Electrocardiogram 99. Which blood type can receive any other

D. Electrolytes blood type?
A. Type-A
94. Which type of cells carries the oxygen that
enters the body and transports it to other B. Type-B
cells and tissues? C. Type-O
A. platelets
D. Type-AB
B. erythrocytes
C. leukocytes 100. A contagious infection of lymphocytes in
blood and lymph tissues, caused by the
D. none of above Epstein-Barr virus.
95. The presence of microorganisms or their A. monocyte
toxins in the blood, causing disease; sep- B. globulins
ticemia.
C. mononucleosis
A. blood type
D. phagocytosis
B. blood poisoning
C. blood 101. They send action potentials to the cells in
D. blood doping the ventricles, causing them to contract.
A. Atrioventricular (AV) node
96. Component of blood that is part of the im-
mune system: B. Sinoatrial (SA) Node
A. white blood cells C. Bundle of His
B. red blood cells D. Purkinje fibers

1.10 Pulmonary Physiology 338
102. Which of the following are most active as C. dilation

phagocytes? D. erythropoieten formation
A. Neutrophils
105. The most common type of blood is:
B. Eosinophils
A. B
C. Erythrocytes
B. O
D. Basophils
C. A
103. leukocyte
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. AB
A. white blood cells (WBCs)
106. A woman has type B blood and her hus-
B. red blood cells (RBCs)
band has type O blood. What must be the
C. blood poisoning woman’s genotype, if they have a child
D. stem cells with type O blood?
104. The three steps of hemostasis are:1 A. BO

2. vascular spasm 3. coagulation B. BB
A. platelet plug formation C. OO
B. agglutination D. type B
1.10 Pulmonary Physiology

1. Small blood vessels that diffuse oxygen, C. Larynx
carbon dioxide, and nutrients.
D. Bronchioles
A. heart
B. arteries 4. Susan is taken to surgery for placement
of an Ekosonic endovascular system for
C. veins catheter-directed thrombolysis (EKOS) of
D. capillaries her left pulmonary embolism. The catheter
is placed for 8 hours before removal by
2. According to Boyle’s law, the pressure ex- Acute Care NP.After the removal, Susan
erted by a gas as the volume of space complains of feeling dizzy. Vitals:BP
it occupies , provided its temperature 82/56, HR 62 bpm. When you assess the
remains constant. catheter site, you see a large area of blood
A. decreases, decreases on the sheets and active bleeding coming
from the groin-site dressing.What is a pri-
B. decreases, increases ority action?
C. increases, increases
A. Notifying the physician of bleeding.
D. none of above
B. Calling Rapid Response Team because
3. The epiglottis covers up the when food of hypotension.
or liquids are swallowed. C. Holding pressure over the site and call-
A. Trachea ing for help.
B. Pharynx D. Drawing blood for a type crossmatch,

hemoglobin, and hematocrit in prepara- 10. An Oxymizer can deliver flow rates from
tion for blood transfusion. A. 6-15 L/min

5. The two chambers of the heart with thin B. 15-35 L/min
walls that collect blood from the major C. 30-45 L/min
veins and empty it into the larger, more
muscular chambers. D. 40-55 L/min
A. aorta 11. inflammation of the vein with the forma-

B. atria tion of a clot
C. ventricles A. Myocardial Infarction
D. lungs B. Thrombophlebitis
C. Hypertension
6. A nasal cannula delivers flow from
D. Congestive Heart Failure
A. 0.25-6 L/min
12. sharp pain with breathing, crepitation
B. 6-8 L/min
(grating sounds in lungs), sometimes a tho-
C. 8-15 L/min racentesis is needed if fluid collects
D. 0-4 L/min A. TB
7. Air can be expired from the lungs only if B. ammonia
alveolar pressure (increases or decreases) C. pnuemonia
to a (Higher or Lower) level than (atmo-
D. pleurisy
spheric or intrathoracic) pressure.
A. increases higher intrathoracic 13. When looking at a X-ray, the white is
known as the and the dark is known
B. decreases lower intrathoracic
as the
C. increase higher atmospheric
A. opacities/lunacies
D. increase lower atmosphercic
B. lunacies/opacities
8. What is the normal oncotic pressure of the C. air/bone
blood?
D. none of above
A. 10 to 15 mm Hg
14. The division of the autonomic nervous sys-
B. 15 to 20 mm Hg
tem that acts in times of emergency is the
C. 20 to 25 mm Hg
D. 25 to 30 mm Hg A. Parasympathetic
9. The part of the brain responsible for mus- B. Autonamic
cle coordination, balance, posture and mus- C. Sympathetic
cle tone is the D. Central
A. pons
15. The part of the brain that regulates heart-
B. hypothalamus beat, respiration, swallowing, coughing,
C. cerebrum and blood pressure is the
D. cerebellum A. Ventricles

B. Pons 21. The gold standard for testing ventila-

tion/perfusion of the lungs is
C. medulla oblongata
A. VQ scan
D. meninges
B. CT scan
16. Blood leaving the right ventricle would C. X ray
next flow through the
D. lung biopsy
A. Lungs
NARAYAN CHANGDER
22. -The muscle layer of the heart is the
B. tricuspid valve
A. endocardium
C. Pulmonary Valve
B. septum
D. aorta
C. ventricles
17. The exchange of oxygen and carbon diox- D. myocardium
ide between the alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries. 23. barrel shaped chest, prolonged expiration,
cyanosis
A. External Respiration
A. emphysema
B. Internal Respiration
B. pneumonia
C. Metabolic Respiration
C. pleurisy
D. DKA
D. TB
18. How many lobes are in the right lung? 24. are thick walled vessels designed to
A. 1 withstand high pressure.
B. 2 A. Veins
B. venuoles
C. 3
C. capillaries
D. 4
D. arteries
19. Prevention of backflow is the function of
the 25. As volume increases the amount of
molecules running into each other will
A. pulmonary arteries
A. increase
B. valves
B. decrease
C. septums C. stay the same
D. vena cava D. none of above
20. Artery (<, >, =) capillary in size. 26. During inspiration, describe what the di-
A. > aphragm and the intercostal muscles are
doing.
B. <
A. diaphram relaxes while muscles con-
C. = tract
D. none of above B. both relax

C. diaphram contracts while muscles re- C. coronary

lax
D. pulmonary

D. the both contract
32. Venule (<, >, =) vein in size.
27. Which one of this is NOT the indications
for Pulmonary Rehab? A. <
A. COPD B. >
B. Asthma C. =
C. Lung transplant D. none of above
D. Neck of femur fracture 33. is one of the ancillary therapy to re-
28. caused by bacteria, virus, or chemicals; it duce dyspnea by increasing airway diame-
results in the infection of the lung with ter.
fluid in the alveoli A. Bronchodilator
A. Emphysema B. ventilation
B. TB C. Oxygen
C. Pneumonia D. Spirometer
D. Layrngitis
34. The use of oxygen and nutrients to pro-
29. All veins containing deoxygenated blood duce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
are colored blue ( carry deoxygenated
A. external respiration
blood) EXCEPT the
A. vena cava B. internal respiration
B. right atrium C. metabolic respiration
C. right ventricle D. cellular respiration

D. pulmonary vein 35. The first blood vessel that leaves the heart
is called the
30. Which symptom should Mrs. Weil report
immediately while taking a non-steroidal A. pulmonary artery
anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
B. arteriole
A. Black, tarry stools
C. capillary
B. Swelling in the extremities
D. aorta
C. Nausea
D. Constipation 36. If you wanted to listen to the quality of
sound and measure the diaphragmatic ex-
31. Arteries are normally depicted as red cursion, you would use
while veins are colored blue. The excep- A. mediate percussion
tions to this rule are the arteries and
veins. B. tape measure and stethescope
A. systemic C. CT scan
B. hepatic D. X ray

37. What is the responsibility of the phrenic B. 1, 2 & 4

nerve? C. 1, 3 & 4
A. To work the epiglottis D. 2, 3 & 4
B. To regulate cellular respiration
43. An excessive accumulation of cere-
C. To stimulate the diaphragm to contract brospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
D. To inflate the alveoli is (a)
A. cerebral palsy
NARAYAN CHANGDER
38. An inflammation of the brain frequently
caused by a virus contracted from a B. hydrocephalus
mosquito bite is C. CVA
A. Shingles D. menengitis
B. epilepsy
44. You’re listening to lung sounds over the
C. menenges sternum/manubrium and hear a “hollow
D. encephalitis pipe”/loud high pitch sound. What sound
could this be?
39. Oxygen from the air enters the blood A. Tracheal
stream at what location?
B. Bronchial
A. Cardiac Notch
C. Bronchovesicular
B. Pulmonary Vein
D. Vesicular
C. Alveoli
D. Paranasal Sinuses 45. A non-rebreather mask has blocked venti-
lation ports and can deliver close to of
40. To stop a nosebleed, pinch the nostrils and FiO2.
A. 100%
A. jump up and down B. 90%
B. Lean forward C. 80%
C. Lean back D. 70%
D. lie down
46. After the surgical procedure for the pul-
41. The blood vessels that carry blood away monary embolism, Susan undergoes the
from the heart are the same EKOS procedure for her right DVT.
When the blood clot is cleared, she is
A. Veins
started on enoxaparin 1mg/kg and war-
B. Venules farin (coumadin) therapy. Susan asks the
C. Arterioles nurse why she is receiving two medica-
tions to prevent clots.How should the ICU
D. Arteries nurse respond?
42. How to manage acute dyspnea in patient? A. “Because you had two places with
1. Breathing fast2. purse-lip breathing3. blood clots, you need two medications.”
Forward-lean sitting position4. Rollator B. “You will receive enoxaparin injections
for ambulation and warfarin pills until the target anticoag-
A. 1, 2 & 3 ulation numbers are reached.”

C. “You will need both medications for 1 51. Contraction of the diaphragm causes a de-
year. After 12 months, you will only take crease or increase in pressure in the alveoli
the pills.” from to

D. “While you are in the hospital, we will A. decrease
give you injections. After you are home,
B. increase
you will only take oral medication.”
C. 760 to 758
47. zones of the lungs are
D. 758 to 760
A. 3
B. 4 52. Blood volume of the lungs is
C. 5 A. 150
D. 6 B. 250
C. 350
48. Which data places the client at highest risk
for falls? D. 450
A. BMI 21.9. 53. what is pulmonary edema?
B. Knee pain. A. a disease that makes your blood thin
C. Lives alone. B. a condition caused by excess fluid in
D. Takes naproxen. the lungs
49. Susan is determined to be well enough to C. a condition makes your feet swole and
go back home. She wishes to leave in- hard
dependently but is worried about falling D. a cancer that makes you have lesions
again. Her daughter works full time but all over your back
is available to visit Susan every morning
and evening.Which resources are appropri- 54. Susan is called for emergency surgery to
ate to promote safety and independence relieve compartment syndrome and repair
for the client? (SATA) the right hip fracture.What is a priority ac-
tion to prepare for the surgery?
A. Shower chair.
B. Medical alert system. A. Insertion of an indwelling catheter.
C. Home healthcare referral. B. Draw blood for type and cross match.
D. Raised toilet seat. C. Encourage use of the incentive spirom-

eter.
E. Admission to home hospice.
D. Obtain a urine specimen.
50. To move from the left ventricle out to the
body, the blood has to travel through the 55. More than pack years = increased risk
of lung disease.
A. Pulmonary valve A. 40
B. Aortic Valve B. 50
C. Tricuspid valve C. 60
D. Mitral valve D. 70

56. Anything less then 760mmHg is consid- 61. All blood vessels containing oxygenated
ered a blood are colored red EXCEPT for
A. positive pressure A. the aorta
B. negative pressure B. the pulmonary artery
C. optimal pressure C. the left atrium

D. the left ventricle
D. low pressure
62. During expiration your diaphragm moves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
57. While the nurse is awaiting the return
call from the physician, Susan complains
of sudden shortness of breath and chest A. up
pain.What is a priority action? B. down
A. Call a code. C. both
B. Page the physician stat. D. none of above
C. Call for a Rapid Response Team. 63. Where does the blood collect oxygen?
D. Call for a stat EKG. A. From the trachea
B. From the kidneys
58. A high flow nasal cannula delivers flow
C. From the lungs
from
D. none of above
A. 6-15 L/min
B. 0-6 L/min 64. The partial re-breather mask has an FiO2
that starts at but can go higher.
C. 6-30 L/min
A. 20%
D. 50 L/min
B. 30%
59. Flow should be more than L/min to C. 40%
prevent rebreathing CO2 and has an FiO2 D. 50%
rate of 35-50%
65. Enoxaparin (lLovenox) 40mg is prescribed
A. 5 subcutaneously once daily and is sup-
B. 10 plied in a pre-filled syringe containing
20mg/mL. How many mL should a pre-
C. 15
filled 40mg syringe contain?
D. 20 A. 80 mL
60. The circulation loop to provide oxygenated B. 2 mL
bloodthrough the rest of body is classified C. 20 mL
as:
D. 5 mL
A. pulmonary circulation
66. difficulty speaking, hoarseness, pharyngi-
B. systematic circulation tis, dysphagia
C. digestive system A. pharngitis
D. lymphatic circulation B. Layrngitis

C. pneumonia 71. Unless intra-alveolar pressure changes as

D. URI shown in Fig 9-4, air cannot move into the
alveoli of the lungs and oxygen and carbon

67. Which of the following is a difference be- dioxide cannot be exchanged between the
tween cardiac muscle and skeletal mus- air and blood. Specifically, alveolar pres-
cle? sure must (increase or decrease) to a level
A. unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac (Higher or Lower) than (atmospheric or in-
muscle cells do not rely on an influx of cal- trathoracic) pressure in order to cause in-
cium ions for depolarization spiration.
B. unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle A. decrease lower atmospheric

is not striated B. increase higher atmospheric
C. unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle C. decrease higher intrathoracic
does not use a sliding filament mechanism D. none of above
for contraction
D. unlike most skeletal muscle cells, car- 72. An acute inflammation of the nerve cells
diac muscle cells are involuntary caused by the herpes virus is
A. menegitis
68. What are the absolute and relative con-
traindication for Pulmonary Rehab? (more B. CVA
than one answer) C. seizures
A. Sleep disorder D. Shingles
B. Recent myocardial infarction
73. night sweats, hemoptysis (coughing up
C. Severe arterial hypertension blood)
D. No metabolic disease A. Emphysema
69. Cholesterol and plaque builds up on vessel B. SRI
walls and causes heart attack and stroke. C. COPD
A. leukemia D. tuberculosis
B. heart disease
74. Which of the following suggests car-
C. hemophilia
diogenic pulmonary edema? BNP >
D. sickle-cell anemia 500pg/mLEnlarged heartKerley’s B lines-
Central infiltrates
70. The goal of Pulmonary Rehab is to improve
the quality of life of patients by 1. A. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Reducing shortness of breath2. Lowering B. 2, 3 and 4
exercise tolerance3. Promoting sense of
C. 1, 3 and 4
well-being4. Increasing number of hospi-
talization D. 1 and 3 only
A. 1 & 2 75. -The smallest branches of arteries are
B. 1 & 3 called
C. 2 & 3 A. viens
D. 3 & 4 B. arterioles

C. arteries B. increase
D. veinules C. consistency
76. A venturi mask has an FiO2 rate of D. none of above
A. 6-15% 82. Function of left ventricle

B. 24-60% A. Pumps blood through the systemic cir-
C. 15-50% cuit
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. 37-100% B. Receives blood through the systemic
circuit
77. Vena cava (<, >, =) vein in size. C. Pumps water
A. < D. Nothing
B. >
83. Susan reports a pain scale of 10 out of 10.
C. = She is placed on bedrest and NPO status,
D. none of above and neurovascular checks q30 minutes is
added to the care plan.Which affected ex-
78. Which is a reason you would NOT perform tremity should be assessed for which of
an exercise test in pulmonary disease? the following when neurovascular checks
A. evaluate dyspnea are performed? (SATA)
B. evaluate SpO2 A. Color.
C. determine exercise tolerance B. Temperature.
D. investigate presence of heart disease C. Full range of motion.
E. determine V/Q match D. Sensation.
E. Gait.
79. Pertaining to the lungs =
A. Cardio- 84. Post operatively, Susan is gorggy but able
open her eyes to your voice and state her
B. Nephro-
own name. Susan’s Daughter asks about
C. Osteo- the purpose of enoxaparin (Lovenox) that
D. Pulmono- the nurse is about to administer.Which re-
sponse is correct?
80. What type of blood does the left atrium A. “It dissolves any blood clots that may
contain? have occurred during the night.”
A. deoxgynated B. “it is an anti-platelet drug that is given
B. oxygenated to prevent venous blood clots.
C. blue blood C. It is a type of anticoagulant that is
D. none given to prevent venous blood clots.
D. It is a salicylate drug and will help with
81. Inspiration is produced by a in the pres- Susan’s osteoarthritic pain.
sure in the thoracic cavity and in the air
passages of the lungs. 85. Location of gas exchange
A. decrease A. alveoli

B. myocardium C. exchange gases

C. raveoli D. exchange fluids

D. pulmonary vent
91. You are listening to lungs around the lung
86. Causes an overproduction of white blood periphery and hear a soft low pitch sound
cells that crowd the blood. or a “gentle rustling sound”. Which sound
could this be?
A. leukemia
A. Tracheal
B. heart disease
B. Bronchial
C. hemophilia
C. Bronchovesicular
D. sickle-cell anemia
D. Vesicular
87. The nurse is teaching susan about medica-
tions for osteoporosis, which instruction is 92. From the arteries, blood flows into tiny
most important, knowing that Susan takes vessels called
alendronate (Forsamax), a biphosphate? A. Blood Vessels
A. Take this medication at bedtime. B. Heart
B. Remain upright (sitting or standing) C. Lungs
for at least 30 minutes after taking this
medication. D. Capillaries
C. Take this medication at the same time 93. You receive Susan’s labs. Which lab result
everyday. requires immediate action by the nurse?
D. Always take alendronate (Fosamax) A. Hemoglobin 10.9 gm/dL.
with the mid-day meal to prevent stomach
B. Potassium 3.9 mEq/L.
upset.
C. Calcium 9mg.
88. what happens in pulmonary circulation
D. International normalized ratio (INR) 5.
A. circulation to the lungs
94. The chamber of the heart that receives
B. circulation to the body
oxygenated blood as it returns from the
C. circulation in the heart lungs is the
D. circulation to the brain A. Left Atrium
89. In order to carry air to both lungs, the tra- B. Left Ventricle
chea branches into 2 tubes called C. Right Atrium
A. bronchi D. Right Ventricle
B. trachea
95. The more collisions between molecules the
C. alveoli
D. epiglottis A. lower the presssure
90. what is the function of the capillaries B. greater the pressure
A. take blood toward heart C. the smaller the drop in pressure
B. take blood away from heart D. the larger the drop in pressure

96. Blood vessels that return blood to the 102. Blood in the pulmonary vein is
heart are called A. high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide
A. capillaries
B. high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide
B. veins
C. low in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide
C. venules
D. low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide
D. arterioles
103. The nurse notifies the charge nurse of
97. Which additional information is associated
NARAYAN CHANGDER
red, warm, and edematous left leg and pre-
with an increased risk for falls? (SATA)
pares to place a call to the surgeon.Which
A. BP remains at 130/72 between lying action should the nurse take before leav-
and sitting position. ing the client’s room to call the surgeon?
B. Throw rugs placed on hardwood floors A. Encourage range of motion of the left
in the home. leg.
C. Walks with short, shuffled steps. B. Reapply the antiembolism stockings
D. Uses furniture to steady self. and SCDs bilaterally.
E. Advanced age. C. Place the client on strict bedrest and
elevate the left leg on a pillow.
98. Arteriole (<, >, =) venule in size.
D. Place an ice pack on the affected area
A. <
of the left leg.
B. >
C. = 104. inability of the heart to keep up with the
needs of the body
D. none of above
A. congestive heart failure
99. Brady
B. myocardial infarction
A. fast
C. thrombophlebitis
B. slow
D. embolus
C. red
D. condition 105. A hereditary disease where blood does
not clot to stop bleeding.
100. The “pacemaker” of the heart
A. hemophilia
A. perkinjie fibers
B. heart disease
B. Bundle of his
C. sickle-cell anemia
C. AV node
D. leukemia
D. SA node
101. What is the function of the right atrium? 106. Which of the following is not the compo-
nent of Pulmonary Rehab?
A. Receives blood from the systemic cir-
cuit A. Patient education
B. To cool the blood B. Inspiratory muscle training
C. To oxygenate the blood C. Exercise training
D. No function D. Sedentary lifestyle

107. The following vessels are colored red C. deliver materials, remove waste, and
(CARRY oxygenated blood) EXCEPT the fight infection

D. none of above
A. carotid artery
112. increased systolic and /or diastolic blood
B. pulmonary vein
pressure
C. aorta
A. systolisis
D. pulmonary artery
B. Hypertension
108. You are listening to the lungs near the C. diastole
1st/2nd intercostal space and in between
D. rosacea
the scapulas. You hear a medium pitched
sound. Which sound could this be? 113. Which of the following does NOT make
A. Tracheal up part of the lungs?
B. Bronchial A. Alveoli
C. Bronchiovesicular B. Bronchioles
D. Vesicular C. Trachea
109. You remove Susan’s antiembolism stock- D. Bronchi
ing and sequential compression devices
114. Susan falls and fractures her hip. Which
(SCDs) to conduct skin care.Which finding
clinical manifestations of hip fracture
is of most concern?
should a nurse practicing in the ED expect?
A. Scant amount of blood on the surgical (SATA)
dressing.
A. External rotation
B. Red, warm, and edematous area of the
left calf. B. Shortening.
C. A 1-cm localized brown patch on the C. Internal rotation.

right hand. D. Muscle spasms.
D. Redness of the right heel that doesn’t E. Hyper flexion.
blanch when pressed.
115. A contraction of the diaphragm during in-
110. Under standard conditions, the atmo- halation causes it to flatten. What else
sphere exerts a pressure of mm of Hg does the contraction result in?
A. 760 A. An increase in the volume of the tho-
B. 640 racic cavity
C. 100 B. Increase in alveolar pressure
D. 60 C. A decrease in lung volume
D. A decrease in the volume of the tho-
111. The 3 main functions of the Circulatory
racic cavity
System
A. break down food, remove waste, make 116. The membranes covering the brain and
blood cells spinal cord are
B. react to stimuli, grow, adapt A. Meninges

B. Thalamus 120. Pertaining to the heart =

C. Choroid A. Nephro-
D. Hypothalamus B. Hepa-
117. Susan visits her HCP. The nurse re- C. Cardio-
views Susan’s electronic health record and D. Pulmono-
notes history of hypertension, osteoporo-
sis, and osteoarthiritis and her current 121. Which statement about the use of heat
NARAYAN CHANGDER
regimen.The nurse understands that which and cold for osteoarthiritis pain by the
information is correct about osteoarthiri- client is of most concern to the nurse?
tis? A. “I place an empty pillow between my
A. An autoimmune disorder that typically skin and the cold pack.”
affects the small joints in the hands and B. “I use moist heat packs on my knee for
feet. about 15 minutes before I have to walk for
B. Involves reduced bone mineral density a long distance.”
that weakens the bone and increases the C. “I leave the cold packs on for about 10
risk for fractures. minutes at a time when I have very deep
C. A primary benign bone tumour char- pain in my knee.”
acterized by overgrowth of both cartilage
D. “I wrap the heating pad around my
and bone near the end of the bone plate.
knee and use an extension cord so I can
D. A noninflammatory condition involving walk around the house.”
formation of new joint tissue in response
to cartilage destruction. 122. “Inferior” as an anatomical direction
means
118. Normal PaO2 is and normal SpO2 is
A. around
A. 75+/95-100% B. above
B. 65-74/90-95 C. below
C. 50-65/80-90 D. less than
D. 45/50/75-80 123. What are the most outcome measure
119. Pleural Effusion? used to examined the exercise capacity to
exercise?
A. Collection of Large Amounts of Free
Fluid in the Pleural Space is analogous to A. Borg scale
edema fluid in the tissues B. Sit to stand test
B. Collection of Large Amounts of Free C. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Fluid in the lungs is analogous to edema
D. Mini-mental state examination
fluid in the tissues
C. Collection of Large Amounts of air in 124. Blood in the pulmonary artery is
the Pleural Space is analogous to edema A. high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide
fluid in the tissues
B. high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide
D. Collection of Large Amounts of air in
the Pleural lungs is analogous to edema C. low in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide
fluid in the tissues D. low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide

125. You are listening to the lungs and hear a 130. Which would be classified as an abdomi-
loud/hearsh sound. What sound can this nal paradox breathing pattern?
possibly be?

A. up and out motion of the chest and in-
A. Tracheal ward motion of the abdomen
B. Bronchial B. excessive upper chest motion with in-
crease use of accessory muscle use
C. Bronchovesicular
C. up and out motion of abdomen and in-
D. Vesicular ward motion of chest
126. Which would suggest non-cardiogenic D. synchronous up and out motion of
pulmonary edema on a chest x-ray? Ker- chest and abdomen
ley B lines “White out” pattern Car-
131. For auscultating lungs, there are sites
diomegalyBat’s wing pattern
anteriorly and sites posteriorly
A. 1, 2, 3 and 4
A. 4-6/6-8
B. 2, 3, and 4
B. 2-4/4-6
C. 2 only C. 5-10/5/10
D. 4 only D. 6-8/4-6
127. What pressure gradient is exhalation 132. What is meant by Pulmonary Rehabilita-
triggered by? tion?
A. The pressure in the lungs is less than A. To help healthy people
the pressure of the atmosphere
B. It is a group and massive crowded
B. The pressure in the lungs is greater treatment
than the pressure of the atmosphere C. It is a comprehensive treatment de-
C. The pressure in the lungs is equal to signed for chronic respiratory disorder
the pressure of the atmosphere people
D. none of above D. It involves a short-term commitment
only
128. Abnormal electrical impulses in the neu-
rons of the brain cause 133. LORD Stands for
A. menengitis A. Left oral Right denatured

B. Left oxygenated Right de-oxygenated
B. Hydrocephalus
C. Lateral outside Radial deformity
C. Seizures
D. lower oral right dura
D. CVA
134. there are types of flow of circulation
129. The largest artery in the body is the in the lungs
A. Arteries A. 1
B. Aorta B. 2
C. Capillaries C. 3
D. Pulmonary Artery D. 4

135. What surrounds the alveoli? C. 2, 3, and 4 only

A. oxygen D. 1, 3, and 4 only
B. carbon dioxide
141. The correct name for the voice box is the
C. capillaries
D. bronchioles A. Trachea
136. The blood which heart pumps to the lungs B. Larynx
is:
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Epiglottis
A. deoxygenated blood
D. Pharynx
B. lymph fluid
C. atria blood 142. The nurse and charge nurse assess Susan
for signs and symptoms of internal or ex-
D. oxygenated blood ternal bleeding and none are noted. The
137. In pulmonary circulation blood is taken HCP is notified of the INR level.Which new
from prescriptions and/or medication changes
should the nurse anticipate next?
A. the heart to the lungs, and back again.
A. Potassium and an increase in the war-
B. the heart to the rest of the body.
farin dose.
C. the lungs to the rest of the body.
B. Protamine sulfate and stopping war-
D. none of above farin.
138. which symptom is not a symptom of pul- C. Vitamin K and holding the warfarin
monary edema? dose today.
A. cold clammy skin D. Calcium and decreasing the warfarin
B. blue tinged lips dose by 1mg.
C. seizures 143. The nurse expects to see which manifes-

D. a rapid, irregular heart beat tations of osteoarthritis in Mrs. Weil?
(SATA)
139. How long can the body go without oxy-
A. Fatigue
gen?
A. 8-12 mins B. Joint pain
B. 4-6 minutes C. Fever

C. 30 seconds D. Swollen nodes of the joints
D. 2-8 minutes E. Asymmetrical involvement of the joints
140. Which of the following are causes of car- 144. “Superior” as an anatomical direction
diogenic pulmonary edema? 1. Exces- means
sive fluid administration2. Right ventric-
A. around
ular failure3. Mitral valve disease4. Pul-
monary embolus B. below
A. 1 and 2 only C. above
B. 1, 2, and 3 only D. better than

1.11 Renal and Acid-Base Physiology 353
145. Vascular tubes that take blood away suspects compartment syndrome and con-
from the heart are called tacts the orthopaedic surgeon.What is the
correct description of compartment syn-

A. venules
drome?
B. arterioles
A. The formation of a blood clot deep
C. arteries within a vein on the affected extremity.
D. capillaries B. A blockage of the main artery of the
lung.
146. Air moves into the lungs due to
C. Full thickness tissue loss with exposed
A. decreased air pressure in lungs muscle, tendon or bone.
B. pressure of diaphragm on lungs D. Elevated pressure within a confined
C. throat muscles contracting myofascial section compromises neurova-
suclar function.
D. active transport
150. a platelet
147. Both the superior and inferior portion
of this blood vessel returns blood to the A. leukocyte
heart. B. thrombocyte
A. aorta C. erythrocyte
B. vena cava D. hemoglobin
C. pulmonary artery 151. Which is a normal breathing pattern.
D. pulmonary vein A. synchronous up and out motion of
chest and abdomen
148. is most likely heard with lung disease
or pulmonary edema and is most likely B. up and out motion of chest and inward
heard with a constricted airway. motion of abdomen
C. up and out motion of abdomen and in-
A. Crackles/wheezes
ward motion of chest
B. Wheezes/Crackles
D. excessive upper chest motion with in-
C. loud harsh sound/loud high pitch crease use of accessory muscles
sound
152. systolic pressure in the right ventricle of
D. soft low pitch sounds/medium pitch
the normal human being averages about?
sound
A. 05 mm Hg
149. You perform the neurovascular assess- B. 15 mm Hg
ment and note pallor and absent pedal
pulses to the right foot. You report to C. 25 mm Hg
ED physician immediately. The physician D. 35 mm Hg
1.11 Renal and Acid-Base Physiology

1. each control mechanism of GFR works by 6. What substance is NOT filtered in glomeru-
lar filtration?
A. regulating radius of afferent arteriole A. Glucose
B. regulating radius of efferent arteriole B. Sodium
C. increasing blood flow C. Proteins
D. regulating radius of all arteries D. chlorine
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7. Each nephron contains:
2. more toxic to cats, causes acute renal fail-
ure A. renal corpuscle
A. INCONTINENCE B. renal tubule
B. URINARY BLOCKAGE C. renal pyramid

D. renal pelvis
C. LILIES
D. GRAPES/ RAISINS 8. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin
II where?
E. FLUTD
A. Lungs
3. Where are solute and water reabsorption B. Liver
independently regulated?
C. Kidney
A. Loop of Henle D. Nephrons
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
9. OS Penis is located where?
C. Distal convoluted tubule
A. in the ureters
D. Descending LOH only
B. in the urethra
4. Vasa recta are found in which nephrons? C. in the bladder
A. Juxtamedullary nephrons D. none of above
B. Cortical nephrons 10. What portion of the kidney contains all of
C. Short nephrons the loops of Henle and collecting ducts?
A. Renal pyramids
D. Peritubular capillaries
B. Cortex
5. What are the three layers of filtration, in C. Medulla
order from innermost to outermost?
D. Papilla
A. Leaky barriers, glomerular capillaries,
basement membrane 11. A nephron has exhanges solutes using the
Vasa Recta what kind of nephron is
B. Fenestrations, basal lamina, base-
this?
ment membrane
A. juxtamedullary
C. Slit membranes, Fenestrations, base-
ment layer B. cortical
D. Fenestrations, basal lamina, slit mem- C. afferent

branes D. efferent

12. By the time fluid reaches the , 90-95% 17. If an adult creates 150-180 liters of fil-
of filtrate has been reabsorbed and re- trate per day, how much urine is pro-
turned to blood stream. duced?

A. Collecting ducts A. 1%
B. Early DCT B. 1/2 liter
C. 9%
C. Late DCT
D. 2-3 liters
D. none of above
18. Renin is secreted by:
13. What molecule is responsible for water re-
A. juxtaglomerular cells
turn from our tubules to our blood ves-
sels? B. macula densa cells
A. vasopressin C. lacis cells

D. modified mesangial cells
B. aldesterone
C. oxycotin 19. What happens when renin finds an-
giotensinogen and cleaves off a 10-amino
D. renin acid peptide?
A. Angiotensinogen is converted to an-
14. Which portion of the loop of Henle concen-
giotensin I
trates filtrate?
B. Angiotensinogen is converted to an-
A. Descending limb giotensin II
B. Ascending limb C. Angiotensinogen raises blood pres-
C. Thin ascending thin descending limbs sure by vasoconstriction get the afferent
arteriole
D. none of above
D. Angiotensinogen enhances Na+ and
15. How much of a drug that has a “high clear- Cl-reabsorption in the collecting ducts
ance” has to be recovered in a urine sam- 20. The specific gravity of urine measures:
ple after one dose?
A. Density
A. 50%
B. Odor
B. 58-85% C. Volume
C. 75% D. Electrolytes
D. 10% 21. During fight or flight, vasoconstriction of
the afferent arteriole occurs. What does
16. little to no urine production this cause?
A. HEMATURIA A. Decreased blood flow into the
B. POLYURIA glomerulus
C. POLYDYPSIA B. An increase in GFR due to increased

back-pressure
D. ANURIA
C. A release of angiotensin II that dilates
E. DYSURIA the afferent arteriole to lower GFR

D. Excretion of renin to lower blood pres- C. renal veins

sure D. afferent arterioles
22. moving down a concentration gradient 28. Forms a shell around the medulla and
A. passive transport forms renal columns; granular appearance
due to renal corpuscles and renal tubules:
B. active transport
A. bladder
C. what? !
B. ureters
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
C. renal medulla
23. the last part of the nephron D. nephrons
A. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
29. After urine forms in the nephrons and col-
B. Loop of Henle lects, it passes through the and enters
C. Distal Conboluted Tubule the calyces of a kidney
D. Collecting Ducts A. renal papillae
B. renal pelvis
24. Active reabsorption of all of the following
molecules takes place in the thick ascend- C. renal cortex
ing limb of the loop of Henle D. renal medulla
A. Ca+, Na+, H+ 30. What is activated when the blood pressure
B. K+, Ca+, Cl- is no longer stretching the walls of the af-
ferent arteriole?
C. Cl-, Na+ K+
A. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone sys-
D. Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl-
tem
25. Your grandpa is 85 years old and has high B. atrial natriuretic peptide stimulation
bloodpressure, how is his GFR impacted? C. Intercalated cell Type B stimulation
A. increased D. Epinephrine to vasoconstriction and
B. decreased raise blood pressure
C. nothing 31. Renal artery enters kidney through the
D. none of above hilum and branches off between the renal
pyramids in the
26. excessive drinking
A. inferior vena cava
A. HEMATURIA
B. renal veins
B. POLYURIA C. interlobar arteries
C. POLYDIPSIA D. ureters
D. ANURIA
32. Which of these are the control mechanisms
E. DYSURIA that regulate GFR
27. The final branches of the renal arteries are A. autoregulation
called , which then reach the nephrons. B. sympathetic control (on or off)
A. renal pelvis C. permeability
B. urethra D. glomerular surface area

33. the last 5% of sodium, calcium and mag- C. 80%

nesium are absorbed
D. 95%

B. Loop of Henle 39. What is the main function of the kidney?
C. Distal Conboluted Tubule A. extract waste from blood, balance

body fluid & form urine
D. Collecting Ducts
B. break down and digest food in order
34. of water reabsorption by the kidneys oc- to extract necessary nutrients from what
curs with the reabsorption of: you have eaten
A. Magnesium, calcium, chloride C. stores urine, allowing urination to be
B. Sodium, glucose, phosphate infrequent and voluntary
C. Hydrogen, chloride, glucose D. plays an essential role in converting
D. Sodium, chloride, glucose the food we eat into fuel for the body’s
cells
35. any lower urinary condition in cats
A. INCONTINENCE 40. The mechanisms that regulate the GFR in-
clude all of the following except:
B. URINARY BLOCKAGE
A. Innate actions occurring within the kid-
C. LILIES ney
D. GRAPES/ RAISINS
B. Reduction of sympathetic nervous sys-
E. FLUTD tem input
36. During glomerular filtration, what pres- C. Angiotensin I regulation
sure is supporting or increasing GFR? D. Atrial natriuretic peptide regulation
A. blood hydrostatic pressure
41. How much of the reabsorption of Na+, K+,
B. colloid osmotic
and water occurs in the PCT?
C. capsular pressure
A. 65%
D. none of above
B. 50%
37. My Net Filtration pressure is 5 mm Hg,
C. 80-90%
what is my capsular pressure if my Blood
Hydrostatic is 60 and colloid Osmotic is 32 D. 70%
A. 23 42. Which of the following is not a way that

angiotensin II affects renal physiology?
B. 20
A. Stimulates the adrenal cortex to re-
C. 10 lease aldosterone
D. 16
B. Vasoconstricts the afferent arteriole
38. Urine is about water. C. Enhances Cl-reabsorption in the PCT
A. 5% D. Enhances water reabsorption in the
B. 50% DCT

43. Which of the following is not a function of C. ADH

the nephrons? D. Angiotensin II
A. Glomerular filtration
49. How is uric acid formed?
B. Tubular reabsorption
A. Deamination of amino acids
C. Tubular secretion
B. Catabolism of nucleic acids
D. Tubular excretion
C. Anabolism of nucleic acids
44. What step is regarded as the second op-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Breakdown of hemoglobin
portunity for our arteriole to get rid of
waste? 50. Which is NOT an organ of the urinary sys-
A. tubular secretion tem?
B. tubular reabsorption A. kidney
C. glomerulus filtration B. bladder
D. none of above C. ureter
45. What is the total renal blood flow per D. liver

minute?
51. The BCOP is usually
A. 600mL
A. 10mmHg
B. 1200mL
B. 55mmHg
C. 500mL
C. 30mmHg
D. 300mL
D. 15mmHg
46. Renal corpuscles are composed of blood
capillaries, called a 52. The majority of the action of parathyroid
hormone occurs in:
A. glomerulus
A. PCT
B. urethra
B. LOH
C. renal pyramid
C. DCT
D. renal medulla
D. Collecting ducts
47. In the presence of ADH
53. All these substances should NOT be found
A. Urine is diluted
in urine, normally, except
B. Urine is concentrated
A. proteins
C. ADH doesn’t affect dilution/concentration
B. glucose
C. blood cells
D. none of above
D. creatinine
48. What causes principal cells in the DCT and
collecting ducts to become permeable to 54. What two hormones control regulation of
water? GFR?
A. Aldosterone A. Norepinephrine/epinephrine
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide B. Noradrenaline/adrenaline

C. Angiotensin II/atrial natriuretic pep- 60. Helps maintain blood volume and blood
tide pressure by secreting the enzyme
A. erythropoietin

D. ADH/ANP
B. renin
55. of Glucose and Amino Acids are absorbed
C. vitamin D
here
D. estrogen
61. Urine leaves the Kidney via the to be
B. Loop of Henle
stored
C. Distal Conboluted Tubule A. URETERS
D. Collecting Ducts B. BLADDER
C. URETHRA
56. In the collecting duct, what is reab-
sorbed? D. none of above
A. Ions like Na+ and Cl- 62. What is the function of the outermost
layer of the kidney?
B. Nutrients like glucose and amino acids
A. Anchoring the kidney the surrounding
C. Substances like drug metabolites and structures
waste
B. Protection and holding the kidney in
D. Water place
C. Maintaining shape
57. The renal artery carries oxygen blood
D. none of above
A. rich
63. Where in the loop of Henle does no water
B. powerful
movement take place?
C. poor A. Ascending limb
D. like B. Descending limb
C. Through the entire loop of Henle
58. The hormone responsible for water conser-
vation is called: D. Thin ascending and descending limbs
A. Insulin 64. Where are the kidney’s located?
B. Antidiuretic A. below the waist, toward the back
C. Diuretic B. below the waist, toward the front

C. above the waist, toward the back
D. Oestrogen
D. above the waist, toward the front
59. Which of the following is the hormone that 65. painful urination
stimulates red blood cell production?
A. HEMATURIA
A. Calcitrol
B. POLYURIA
B. Erythropoietin C. POLYDYPSIA
C. Renin D. ANURIA
D. Hemoglobin E. DYSURIA

66. The distal convoluted tubule contains what 72. Tube that conveys urine from the urinary
specialized cells that detect sodium chlo- bladder to the outside
ride changes in filtrate? A. ureters
A. Macula densa
B. renal pelvis
B. Lacis
C. nephron
C. Modified mesangial
D. Urethra
D. Juxtaglomerular
NARAYAN CHANGDER
73. Low columnar epithelial cells are found in
67. Which stage of urine production involves the
the removal of substances from the blood-
stream? A. Thick ascending LOH
A. reabsorption B. Thin descending LOH
B. excretion C. Collecting duct
C. filtration D. Late distal convoluted tubule
D. secretion 74. The glomerulus is made of simple squa-
68. Which of the following parts of the tubule mous epithelial cells with that wrap
system does not have simple cuboidal ep- around the capillaries.
ithelial cells? A. Podocytes
A. Proximal convoluted tubule B. Pedicels
B. thin ascending loop of Henle C. Corpuscles
C. Distal convoluted tube D. Filtration splits
D. Collecting duct
75. Principal cells are found in the
69. Angiotensinogen is released by: A. DCT
A. Hepatocytes B. PCT
B. Juxtaglomerular cells C. Thick ascending LOH
C. Angiotensin II
D. Thin descending LOH
D. Angiotensin converting enzyme
76. Urine production takes place in the:
70. moving up a concentration gradient
A. nephrons
A. passive transport
B. bladder
B. active transport
C. ureter
C. what? !
D. renal pelvis
D. none of above
77. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is com-
71. In homeostasis, the kidney regulates the:
prised of:
A. levels of electrolytes
A. Modified mesangial cells, macula
B. amount of water in the body densa cells, and juxtaglomerular cells
C. pH B. Lacis cells, modified mesangial cells,
D. all of the above and macula densa cells

C. Juxtaglomerular cells and lacis cells C. erythropoietin

D. Mesangial cells and macula densa D. corticosteroid

cells
84. In the loop of Henle, how much of the left-
78. What holds the Kidneys in place? over Cl-is reabsorbed?
A. adipose A. 10-20%
B. connective tissue B. Variable amounts
C. ligaments C. 20-30%
D. cardiac muscle D. 35%
79. Parathyroid hormone stimulates cells to
85. Where does blood flow after exiting the
secrete
interlobar artery?
A. Phosphate
A. Arcuate artery
B. Vitamin D
B. Afferent arteriole
C. Calcitrol
C. Interlobular artery
D. Calcium
D. Renal artery
80. The average pH of urine is
86. Passive reabsorption between adjacent
A. 8.0 tubule cells is:
B. 6.4 A. Paracellular
C. 7.8
B. Transcellular
D. 6.0
C. Active movement
81. What will be my capsular pressure if my D. Basolateral movement
NFP is 20, BHP is 60 and COP is 20
A. 20 87. Venous blood returns from the nephrons
through a series of vessels; the renal vein
B. 10 then joins the
C. 40 A. afferent arterioles
D. 30 B. renal pelvis
82. The renal tubule collects: C. superior vena cava
A. cell waste and excess urine D. inferior vena cava
B. filtered blood
88. Kidneys are , which means they are be-
C. red blood cells hind the parietal peritoneum and against
D. excretory solid waste the deep muscles of the back
A. anterior to peritoneal
83. Kidneys secrete the hormone (controls
the rate of red blood cell production) B. superior to the cardiothoracic cavity
A. renin C. retroperitoneal
B. estrogen D. superior to the mediastinum

89. excessive urination 94. unable to urinate due to the build up of

crystals or stones
A. HEMATURIA
A. INCONTINENCE
B. POLYURIA
B. URINARY BLOCKAGE
C. POLYDIPSIA
C. LILIES
D. ANURIA
D. GRAPES/ RAISINS
E. DYSURIA E. FLUTD
NARAYAN CHANGDER
90. Composed of renal pyramids: 95. Urogilinogen is a product of
A. renal medulla A. Breakdown of uric acid
B. renal cortex B. Breakdown of hemoglobin
C. nephrons C. Catabolism of creatine phosphate
D. Breakdown of proteins
D. bladder
96. What is the first component or step (loca-
91. The flow of the early DCT is approxi- tion) of tubular process
mately:
A. afferent arteriole
A. 125mL/min
B. efferent arteriole
B. 15mL/min C. glomerular capsule
C. 25mL/min D. capillaries
D. 8-10mL/min 97. Which layer of the kidneys is continuous
with the ureters?
92. Once the urine reaches the bladder, the
bladder acts as a valve and allows the A. Adipose capsule
urine to enter the bladder and prevents B. Renal fat pad
A. backflow C. Renal fascia
B. blood mixing D. Innermost layer
C. leakage 98. What is co-transported with Na+ in the
proximal convoluted tubule?
D. excretion
A. Chloride
93. What causes the osmotic imbalance that B. Urea
obligates water to move out of the filtrate
in the PCT? C. Bicarb
D. Glucose
A. Movement of Na+ and Cl-into the
blood 99. Fluid normally found inside the Bowman’s
B. Movement of K+ and Ca+ into the in- capsule is called?
terstitial space A. blood
C. The opening of temporary aquaporin-1 B. plasma
channels C. urine
D. Movement of sodium out of the blood D. filtrate

100. The pressure that pulls on solutes to keep 106. Before the filtrate arrives at the col-
them in the capillary is known as: lecting duct, where did it have to travel
through first?

A. Net filtration pressure
B. Glomerular filtration pressure A. distal convoluted tubule
C. Blood colloid osmotic pressure B. loop of Henle
D. Glomerular blood hydrostatic pres- C. peritubular capillaries
sure
D. none of above
101. HCO3 reacts with hydrogen ions to form
A. Carbonic acid 107. What hormone is released to stimulate
B. CO2 thirst and water preservation
C. Bicarbonate A. DHA
D. Urea B. ADH
102. Water accounts for how much of urine? C. HAD
A. 95% D. CDH
B. 5%
C. 80% 108. loss of voluntary control of urination
D. 99% A. INCONTINENCE
103. Which of the following is a normal blood B. URINARY BLOCKAGE
urea nitrogen level?
C. LILIES
A. 5mg/dL
D. GRAPES/ RAISINS
B. 2.4mg/dL
C. 12mg/dL E. FLUTD
D. 22mg/dL 109. The DCT and collecting ducts are respon-

104. Under normal circumstances, which sub- sible for
stance should NOT be found in urine? A. Fine-tuning dilution/concentration
A. glucose
B. Concentrating filtrate
B. urea
C. Diluting filtrate
C. water
D. salt D. none of above
105. The bladder is in the pelvic cavity, be- 110. The blood vessels and nerves are housed
hind the and beneath the parietal peri- in what part of the kidney?
toneum
A. Hilum
A. stomach
B. Lobe
B. pubic symphysis
C. small intestine C. Renal sinus
D. gallbladder D. Renal pelvis

111. During the process of filtration in the D. GRAPES/ RAISINS

nephron, most of the water, glucose, and E. FLUTD
vitamins are:
A. stored in the bladder 117. A nitrogenous base created when pro-
teins are catabolized:
B. excreted through the ureters
A. Urea
C. reabsorbed into the blood
B. Ammonia
D. concentrated in the urine
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Bicarb
112. is regulated by ADH and occurs in the
D. Creatinine
late DCT and collecting ducts
A. Obligatory water reabsorption 118. The capsular hydrostatic pressure
B. Facultative water reabsorption A. Pushes outward into capsular space
C. Tubular secretion B. Pushes inward on the visceral capillary
D. Osmosis membrane
C. Pulls solutes into the capillary
113. Water is absorbed here
D. Creates “positive pressure”
B. Loop of Henle 119. One mechanism of Auto regulation of GFR
(intrinsicly) is done by sensing the changes
C. Distal Conboluted Tubule in salt level in filtrate aka
D. Collecting Ducts A. tubuloglomerular feed back
114. The cortical nephrons make up how much B. myogenic mechanism
of the body’s total nephron count? C. sympathetic control
A. 85%
D. none of above
B. 15%
120. What are composed of uric acid, calcium
C. 80%
oxalate, calcium phosphate, or magnesium
D. 60% phosphate, can form in the collecting ducts
and renal pelvis?
115. The are always permeable to water.
A. urine
A. PCT and thin descending loop of Henle
B. kidney stones
B. Thick ascending LOH and PCT
C. kidney tumors
C. DCT and LOH
D. glomerular
D. Collecting ducts and glomerular cap-
sule 121. Which layer of the kidney consists of
smooth, transparent tissue?
116. more toxic to dogs, toxic component is
unknown A. Renal fascia
A. INCONTINENCE B. Outermost layer
B. URINARY BLOCKAGE C. Adipose capsule
C. LILIES D. Renal capsule

122. Urine is excreted from the body via the 128. A normal serum creatinine level is below:
A. 0.7mg/dL

A. URETERS B. 1.3mg/dL
B. BLADDER C. 1.6mg/dL
C. URETHRA
D. 2.0mg/dL
D. none of above
129. How many kidneys do you have?
123. In what stage of urine formation is useful
A. 1
solutes returned to blood?
B. 3
A. tubular reabsorption
C. 5
B. tubular secretion
C. glomerular filtration D. 2
D. none of above 130. Superior end of the ureter forms the

(inside the renal sinus)
124. The unusable refuse being thrown back
into the garbage truck to be sent to the A. renal pelvis
landfill is an analogy of: B. bladder
A. Tubular secretion C. renal artery
B. Tubular reabsorption D. cortex
C. Glomerular filtration
131. The pressure that causes a normal
D. none of above amount of blood plasma to filter from
glomerular capillary into capsular space is
125. (arise from the abdominal aorta) sup-
normally
ply blood to the kidneys
A. 125mL/min
A. Renal arteries
B. renal veins B. 10mmHg
C. Hilum C. 55mmHg
D. ureters D. >90mL/min
126. Where urine is stored 132. job of filtering, reabsorbing, absorbing

A. URETERS A. medulla
B. BLADDER B. cortex
C. URETHRA C. renal pelvis
D. none of above D. nephron
127. Urine exits the bladder and the body 133. What are the 2 thinks sodium influences
through a tube called the: in the body
A. Ureter A. blood volume
B. Urinary tract B. plasma volume
C. Urethra C. blood pressure
D. Bladder D. blood supply

134. What structure is important in maintain- 138. An immediate increase in BP causing

ing a constant osmotic pressure gradient? vasoconstriction which causes compen-
A. Peritubular capillaries satory vasodilation is a part of renal au-
toregulation known as:
B. Corpuscle
A. Myogenic mechanism
C. Vasa recta
B. Lacis cells
D. Juxtamedullary nephrons
C. Tubuloglomerular feedback
NARAYAN CHANGDER
135. Urine is stored here until you’re ready to D. none of above
urinate:
139. My tia says her GFR is increased
A. Kidneys
which of these cannot be one of the rea-
B. Bladder sons why this is..
C. Garage A. sympathetic control activated
D. Urethra B. parasympathetic control activated
136. blood in urine C. vasodilation
A. HEMATURIA D. none of above
B. POLYURIA 140. The narrow apex of the pyramid is the

C. POLYDYPSIA A. Minor calyx
D. ANURIA B. Renal pelvis
E. DYSURIA C. Papilla
D. Renal hilum
137. Which stage of urine production involves
adding urea, water and other waste sub- 141. Depression leads to a hollow chamber
stances directly into the renal tubule? called the:
A. reabsorption A. pelvis
B. filtration B. cortex
C. secretion C. medulla
D. excretion D. renal sinus

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