DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the students are expected to:
1. Identify polar and non-polar molecules given its structure
2. Differentiate polar and non-polar molecules
3. Relate the polarity of molecule to its properties.
II. TOPIC : Molecular Polarity
Reference : Department of Education, Philippines. (Year). Senior High School Self
Learning Kit for molecular polarity.
: https://youtu.be/nqi6aTopejk?si=NmeDCQ6c1dwRp-VZ

Materials : Manila paper charts, pictures, worksheets, cut-out pictures

Strategies Used : Comparing and inferring
Values Integration : promotes critical thinking, awareness of societal welfare, and
responsibility towards sustainable economic practices.

III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

1..Preliminary Activities

A. Prayer Classmates, let us pray. In the name…..

Everybody stand and let us pray.
Cecill, please lead the prayer.
(Sign of the Cross)
Amen
(Sign of the cross)

B. Checking of Attendance
Greetings:
Good afternoon class.

Secretary, are there absentees for today? Good afternoon and Mabuhay ma’am
I’m glad to hear that. Minguita.
 C. Review of the Past Lesson
I’m glad to tell that there are no absentees
for today, Ma’am!

2. Motivation

Today, we have new lesson.

Are you ready to listen? Yes, we’re ready!

Have you ever hear the saying, “oil and water don’t mix?

If yes what happened? Yes ma’am.

Yes Jenipe?

The two substances did not mixed together

because they are both non-polar molecules,
they both repel each other, there is no
attraction occurred.
Superb Jenipe, that’s right.
But how do we identify if the molecules are non-polar or
polar?

Today let us find out more how to determine if a molecule

is polar or non-polar, to also know if it can be group
together or not.

3.Lesson Proper
 A. Activity

Mixing Oil & Water Science experiment.

Now, Let’s start with a simple experiment.

For this easy science experiment, we observe exactly what

does happens when we mix oil and water, then we’ll add
another item to the mix to see how it changes!

I have here the materials needed for the experiment, what

are you going to do is get the materials needed and follow
the steps. I will give questions after this experiment so
observe attentively.

Each group of learners will be given activity sheets, Manila

paper and pens for their outputs.
-Each group will choose a representative to present their
outputs. The presentation of outputs will be graded through
the rubrics.
Now, I will group the whole class into three groups. You’re
given 10 minutes to do the experiment.

Start counting Myrine.

Find your members and we will start in a count of five. 1,

2,3,4,5 start!

ACTIVITY I: POLARITY
EXPERIMENT

Materials:
• Water
• Vinegar
• Vegetable oil
• Test tubes or graduated cylinder
• Stirring rod

Procedure:

-Mix the following samples well with a

spoon and observe their reactions.

-Stir the mixture. Remember to wash and

dry the stirring rod after each use.

a. Water + vinegar

b. Water + oil

c. Oil + dish soap

Question 1. Does the oil behave the same

when you added it to the water?

Absolute answer: The first thing you will

observe is that oil and water will not stay
mixed together, no matter how hard you
shake the jar.
Question 2. Observe what happens to the
oil and the water and write down your
findings. Did the oil and water stay mixed
together? Was your hypothesis correct? Do
you think there is anything else that can be
added to the jar to prevent the oil and water
from separating?

Absolute answer: The oil slowly rises to

the top of the water. This is because of the
density of the two liquids. Density is a
measure of the mass per unit volume of a
substance. Water has a density of 1 g/mL
(g/cm3). Objects will float in water if their
density is less than 1 g/mL. Objects will
sink in water if their density is greater than
1 g/mL. The oil is LESS dense than the
water. This is because the molecules of oil
are larger than the molecules of water, so
oil particles take up more space per unit
area. As a result, the oil will rise to the top
of the water.

Question 3. Observe what happens to the

oil and the water now that the dish soap has
been added to the mix. Write down your
findings. Did the oil and water stay mixed
together this time? Do you know why
adding the dish soap preventing the oil and
water from separating?

Absolute answer:

When oil, water and dish soap are mixed

together, the oil and water don’t separate
like they did when they were the only two
items in the jar. This is because of the
chemistry of the oil, water and soap
molecules.

Oil (and other fats) are made of nonpolar

molecules, meaning they cannot dissolve in
water. Water is made of polar molecules
that can dissolve other polar molecules.
Soap is made of molecules that have a
hydrophilic (“water-loving”) end and a
hydrophobic (“water-fearing”) end.
Without soap, water and oil cannot interact
because they are unlike molecules. When
you add soap to the mixture, the
hydrophobic end of the soap molecule
breaks up the nonpolar oil molecules, and

In conclusion to this experiment we found out that
oils and fats do not dissolve in water, just like how
we clean plates and utensils we cannot clean it by just
water alone, but why?
That’s the question that we will explore to our new
topic.
B. Analysis
Now that you’re done with the experiment,
What did you feel while doing the activity?
−What did you learn about the activity?
the hydrophilic end of the soap molecule
links up with the polar water molecules.
Now that the soap is connecting the fat and
water, the non-polar fat molecules can be
carried by the polar water molecules. Now
the oil and water can be mixed together and
stay mixed together!
Through the Polarity Experiment, we
observed that oil and water initially do not
mix due to differences in density, with oil
floating on top. However, when dish soap is
added, the mixture remains mixed. This is
because soap molecules have both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends,
allowing them to interact with both oil and
water molecules and preventing their
separation. This experiment demonstrates
the significance of molecular polarity in
achieving desired outcomes, such as
 emulsifying oil and water.

(The teacher will let the learners group the samples together
according to how well they mix).
You try to recall simple chores you do at home such as
washing out oil from pans. These substances can be
classified as polar and non-polar substances. The difference
in polarity explains why certain combinations mix and not
others.

Now, I will show you two pictures.

In picture A and B is playing Tug of War

What is the game shown in the pictures? ma’am.

That’s right! Have you tried playing this game with your
friends or classmates? Can you describe each team? Who is
In a tug of war game, the team with more
the team going to win?
people on one side typically has a greater
Yes Myrine? force of pulling, resulting in an imbalance
favoring the larger team.
Absolute answer Myrine. Thank you.

This time let’s try to relate our topic in this scenario. In

picture A, the two princesses are pulling the prince toward
to them. It shows that the prince is equally shared to the
princesses. In covalent bond, it would be classified as non-
polar since the bonding electrons are evenly shared.

In picture B, it clearly shows that unbalanced number of

persons in each side. Let us say that the 2 persons is
hydrogen (H) and the 7 persons is fluorine (F), the
electrons of two bonded atoms will not share equally. This
bond is called polar. In this case, it will form HF, fluorine is
more electronegative than H. F attracts bonding electron
pair closer to itself then it will become polarized. As a
result, F end is partially negative and the atom of hydrogen
becomes partially positive.
C. Abstraction

The molecular
polarity refers to The molecular polarity refers to the total
the total of the of the bond polarity of bonded
molecules.

bond polarity of Polarity happens when there is equal or

unequal distribution of charges of atoms in

bonded a molecule.

molecules. In this The polar molecule is asymmetric,

case, first we must meaning the distribution of electrons in a

covalent bond is not equal. It also contains
lone pairs of electrons on the central atom
 or atom is bonded with different
have to determine if a electronegativity values.

molecule is a polar or The two bonding atoms with different

electronegativity values will result to have a

non-polar. A non- bond polarity. When molecules become

more complex will result to have a
molecular polarity.
polar molecule is
symmetric. If a
molecule is
symmetric meaning
all electrons are
equally shared or
bonded.
Everybody read.

In the case of water and Oil, they will never mix because
water is a polar molecule while oil is a nonpolar molecule.
Now let’s take a closer look how these two types of
molecules differ.
Continue reading.
Water (H2O) is an example of molecule composed of two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Let’s take a closer
look of a molecular structure of Water.

Notice that oxygen there has only 6 electrons in its

outermost shell ( ) we call this valence electron.

As discussed in our last topic. Octet Rule states that atoms

tend to gain, share or transfer electrons in order to attain a
stable 8 valence electron configuration. Therefor oxygen
needs two more electrons to become stable. Hydrogen is an
exception to the rule since it has only one electron in its
shell. To become stable hydrogen needs one more electron.
Since they both needs electrons to become stable they will
share electrons with each other.

Forming

Oxygen now has 8 electrons and

hydrogen has 2 hydrogen. Making each
atom stable.

And this relative ability of an atom to draw electrons in a

bond toward itself is called Electronegativity of the atom.

And because oxygen has many electrons and became denser

compared to hydrogen then it will have higher
electronegativity and has more strength to attract electrons
giving it a partial negative charge (δ-). On the other hand
hydrogen has a lower electronegativity that’s why it will
result to a partial positive (δ+).

This unequal sharing of electrons between atoms create a A non-polar molecule is symmetric. If a
dipole moment or two poles (positive and negative). We molecule is symmetric meaning all
will represent this with an arrow pointing towards oxygen . electrons are equally shared or bonded

However, please read.

Lets have Oxygen gas 2 (O2) as an

example.

Oxygen has six valence electrons

the two oxygen atoms with the
same electronegativity combined and spread evenly
between the two atoms. Since a pair of electrons is shared
equally between atoms, there is no partial charge created
hence no dipole moment therefore oxygen gas is a non-
polar molecule.

The electronegativity difference can be calculated by

getting the electronegativity value of the given molecules in
the periodic table of elements.

There you can see the electronegativity value under the

element symbol. Each electronegativity value increases
from left to right which means non-electronegative metals
than electronegativity metals.

So, we have to remember this bond range,

For example in H2O.

 2.1 is the Ve for H
3.5 is the Ve of Oxygen

3.5 – 2.1 = 1.4

Since the value is 1.4 and is within the o.5 – 2.0 range.
Then it is polar.

Note: The greater the electronegativity difference, the

greater the polarity of the molecule.

For the Oxygen gas O2 (O2)

 D. Application
Now, Its your turn to practice!
Let us see how far you have learned this topic.

.
 Answer:

Generalization:
Answer:

1. In polar bond, there is an unequal sharing of electrons

between and among atoms.

2. In non-polar bond, there is an equal sharing of electrons

between and among atoms.
3. The electronegativity is the ability of an atom in a
molecule to attract electrons. As electronegativity
increases, the attraction of the atom for electrons
increases.

4. The polarity is a result of uneven distribution of

charges of atoms in a molecule.

5. The non-bonding electrons are called lone pairs. The

bonded electrons are called bonding pairs.

6. In chemistry this symbol has a meaning of: -,

partially negative and +, partially positive.

The teacher will ask questions to the pupils

VALUES INTEGRATION

4.Assessment/Evaluation Direction: Identify the described

characteristic and sources of water. Write
the letter of your answer on the space
provided before the number.
What is the molecular polarity of H2 and
why?

A.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

B.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

C.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

D.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.Correct
Answer
B. It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.
Explanation
The correct answer is that H2 is nonpolar
because its charges are distributed
symmetrically and its geometric shape is
symmetrical. In a nonpolar molecule, the
electron distribution is equal, resulting in
no partial charges. H2 consists of two
hydrogen atoms, and since they are
identical, the electron distribution is
symmetrical, making it nonpolar. The
geometric shape of H2 is linear, which
further supports its nonpolarity.
Rate this question:

3
0
2.
What is the molecular polarity of NCl3 and
why?

A.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

B.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

C.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

D.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

Correct Answer
A. It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.
Explanation
The correct answer is "It is polar, because
its charges are distributed asymmetrically
and its geometric shape is asymmetrical."
This is because the molecule NCl3 has a
trigonal pyramidal shape, with the nitrogen
atom at the center and three chlorine atoms
surrounding it. The nitrogen atom has a
lone pair of electrons, which causes the
molecule to be asymmetrical. This leads to
an uneven distribution of charges, with the
chlorine atoms having a slightly negative
charge and the nitrogen atom having a
slightly positive charge. Therefore, NCl3 is
a polar molecule.
Rate this question:

2
1
3.
What is the molecular polarity of CO2 and
why?

A.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

B.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.
C.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

D.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

Correct Answer
B. It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.
Explanation
CO2 is a linear molecule with two oxygen
atoms bonded to a central carbon atom. The
oxygen atoms are more electronegative
than carbon, causing them to pull the
electron density towards themselves.
However, since the molecule is linear, the
oxygen atoms pull equally in opposite
directions, resulting in a symmetrical
distribution of charges. This symmetrical
charge distribution cancels out the polarity
of the individual bonds, making the
molecule nonpolar overall. Additionally,
the geometric shape of CO2 is also
symmetrical, further supporting its
nonpolar nature.
Rate this question:

2
0
4.
What is the molecular polarity of H2O and
why?

A.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

B.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

C.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

D.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

Correct Answer
A. It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.
Explanation
The correct answer is "It is polar, because
its charges are distributed asymmetrically
and its geometric shape is asymmetrical."
This is because in a water molecule (H2O),
the oxygen atom is more electronegative
than the hydrogen atoms, causing an
uneven distribution of charge. The oxygen
atom pulls the shared electrons closer to
itself, creating a partial negative charge on
the oxygen and partial positive charges on
the hydrogen atoms. Additionally, the
arrangement of the atoms in a water
molecule is bent or V-shaped, which is an
asymmetrical shape. This combination of
uneven charge distribution and
asymmetrical shape makes H2O a polar
molecule.
Rate this question:

5.
What is the molecular polarity of CO and
why?

A.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

B.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.
C.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

D.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

Correct Answer
A. It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.
Explanation
The correct answer is that CO is polar
because its charges are distributed
asymmetrically and its geometric shape is
asymmetrical. In CO, the oxygen atom is
more electronegative than the carbon atom,
causing a partial negative charge on the
oxygen and a partial positive charge on the
carbon. This uneven distribution of charge
creates a polar molecule. Additionally, the
molecule has a linear shape, with the
oxygen atom on one side and the carbon
atom on the other, making it asymmetrical.
This further contributes to its polarity.
Rate this question:

6
3
6.
What is the molecular polarity of O2 and
why?

A.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

B.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

C.
It is polar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.

D.
It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed asymmetrically and its
geometric shape is asymmetrical.

Correct Answer
B. It is nonpolar, because its charges are
distributed symmetrically and its geometric
shape is symmetrical.
Explanation
The correct answer is that O2 is nonpolar
because its charges are distributed
symmetrically and its geometric shape is
symmetrical. In the O2 molecule, both
oxygen atoms have the same
electronegativity, resulting in an equal
sharing of electrons and no partial charges.
Additionally, the molecule has a linear
shape with the oxygen atoms on opposite
sides, creating a symmetric distribution of
charges. As a result, the molecule has no
overall dipole moment and is considered
nonpolar.
Rate this question:

1
0
7.
Why does sucrose dissolve in water, while
octane does not?

A.
Sucrose is a nonpolar molecule, while
octane is a polar molecule. Because sucrose
and water have different molecular
polarities, sucrose dissolves in water.

B.
Sucrose does not dissolve in water.

C.
Sucrose is a polar molecule, like water is,
while octane is a nonpolar molecule. Since
sucrose and water have the same molecular
polarities, based on "like dissolves like",
sucrose will dissolve in water. On the other
hand, octane and water do NOT have
similar polarities, so octane will not
dissolve in water.

D.
Sucrose is covalent, like water is.

Correct Answer
C. Sucrose is a polar molecule, like water
is, while octane is a nonpolar molecule.
Since sucrose and water have the same
molecular polarities, based on "like
dissolves like", sucrose will dissolve in
water. On the other hand, octane and water
do NOT have similar polarities, so octane
will not dissolve in water.
Explanation
Sucrose is a polar molecule because it has
polar covalent bonds and an asymmetrical
shape, resulting in an uneven distribution of
charge. Water is also a polar molecule due
to its bent shape and polar covalent bonds.
The similar polarities of sucrose and water
allow them to attract each other through
intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen
bonding, leading to the dissolution of
sucrose in water. On the other hand, octane
is a nonpolar molecule because it has only
nonpolar covalent bonds and a symmetrical
shape, resulting in an even distribution of
charge. The different polarities of octane
and water prevent them from attracting
each other, leading to the inability of octane
to dissolve in water.
Rate this question:

2
0
8.
Why is octanol more soluble in water than
octane is?

A.
Octanol is a nonpolar molecule, while
octane is a polar molecule. Because octanol
and water have different molecular
polarities, octanol dissolves in water.

B.
Octanol is a polar molecule, like water is,
while octane is a nonpolar molecule. Since
octanol and water have the same molecular
polarities, based on "like dissolves like",
octanol will dissolve in water. On the other
hand, octane and water do NOT have
similar polarities, so octane will not
dissolve in water.

C.
Octanol is covalent, like water is.

D.
Octanol and octane have the same solubility
in water.

Correct Answer
B. Octanol is a polar molecule, like water
is, while octane is a nonpolar molecule.
Since octanol and water have the same
molecular polarities, based on "like
dissolves like", octanol will dissolve in
water. On the other hand, octane and water
do NOT have similar polarities, so octane
will not dissolve in water.
Explanation
Octanol is a polar molecule, like water is,
while octane is a nonpolar molecule. Since
octanol and water have the same molecular
polarities, based on "like dissolves like",
octanol will dissolve in water. On the other
hand, octane and water do NOT have
similar polarities, so octane will not
dissolve in water.
Rate this question:

1
0
9.
How would you describe the molecular
polarity and the charge distribution of NF3?

A.
Nonpolar molecule, asymmetrical
distribution of charge
B.
Nonpolar molecule, symmetrical
distribution of charge

C.
Polar molecule, symmetrical distribution of
charge

D.
Polar molecule, asymmetrical distribution
of charge

Correct Answer
D. Polar molecule, asymmetrical
distribution of charge
Explanation
NF3 is a polar molecule because it has a
lone pair of electrons on the central
nitrogen atom, causing an asymmetrical
distribution of charge. The three fluorine
atoms surrounding the nitrogen atom pull
the electron density towards them, creating
a partial negative charge on the fluorine
atoms and a partial positive charge on the
nitrogen atom. This results in an overall
dipole moment, making NF3 a polar
molecule.
10.
How would you describe the molecular
polarity and the charge distribution of CF4?
A.
Nonpolar molecule, asymmetrical
distribution of charge

B.
Nonpolar molecule, symmetrical
distribution of charge

C.
Polar molecule, symmetrical distribution of
charge

D.
Polar molecule, asymmetrical distribution
of charge

Correct Answer
B. Nonpolar molecule, symmetrical
distribution of charge
Explanation
CF4 is a nonpolar molecule because it has a
symmetrical distribution of charge. In CF4,
the carbon atom is surrounded by four
fluorine atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement.
Each fluorine atom pulls the electron
density towards itself, resulting in a
symmetrical distribution of charge around
the carbon atom. The fluorine atoms are
equally distributed around the carbon atom,
creating a symmetrical charge distribution.
 As a result, the molecule has no net dipole
moment and is considered nonpolar.

5.Assignment
Art Integration
Instruction

Make a poster on a 1/4 size illustration board on the

different sources of water and its importance to man’s life.

Content Impact Neatness Originality Total

40% 20% 20% 20% 100%

Prepared by:
_Ma. Jessibel C. Minguita__

Checked & Approved by:

DR. JOEY G. ESCAUSO

Instructor

By
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