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Answer

Step 1 > Solution

a.

The number of ways to select the samples of 4 items from a lot of 10 items.

There are 210 different ways to select the samples of 4 items from a lot of 10 items.

Given:

In a lot of 10 items, 2 items are defective.

Theorem used:

The number of arrangement of k objects taken from n distinct objects without repetitions is
n
( ) =
k
n!

k!(n−k)!
.

Calculation:

Consider n = 10 and k = 4 .

By using Theorem 3, the number of samples is,

10
10!
( ) =
4 4!(10−4)!

10!
=
4!6!

10×9×8×7×6×5×4×3×2×1
=
(4×3×2×1)(6×5×4×3×2×1)

= 10 × 3 × 7

= 210

Thus, about 210 different ways to select the samples of 4 items from a lot of 10 items.

b.

The number of ways to select the samples of 4 items containing “no defectives” from a lot of 10
items.
There are 70 different ways to select the samples of 4 items containing “no defectives”.

In a lot of 10 items, 8 items are non-defective and 2 items are defective.

Here, the sample of 4 non-defective items are taken from 8 non-defective items.

Consider n = 8 and k = 4 .

By using Theorem 3, the number of ways is,

8
8!
( ) =
4 4!(8−4)!

8!
=
4!4!

8×7×6×5×4×3×2×1
=
(4×3×2×1)(4×3×2×1)

= 2 × 7 × 5

= 70

Thus, the number of different ways to select the samples of 4 containing “no defectives” is 70 ways.

c.

The number of ways to select the samples of 4 containing “1 defective” from a lot of 10 items.

There are 112 different ways to select the samples of 4 items containing “1 defective”.

In a lot of 10 items, 8 items are non-defective and 2 items are defective.

Here, the sample of 1 defective item is taken from 2 defective items and the sample of 3 non-
defective items are taken from 8 non-defective items.

By using Theorem 3, the number of ways is

2 8
2! 8!
( )( ) = ( )( )
1 3 1!(2−1)! 3!(8−3)!

2! 8!
= ( )( )
1!1! 3!5!

8×7×6×5×4×3×2×1
= 2( )
(3×2×1)(5×4×3×2×1)

= 2(8 × 7)

= 2 × 56

= 112

Thus, the number of possible ways to select the samples of 4 containing “1 defective” is 112 ways.

d.

The number of ways to select the samples of 4 containing “2 defectives” from a lot of 10 items.
There are 28 different ways to select the samples of 4 items containing “2 defectives”.

In a lot of 10 items, 8 items are non-defective and 2 items are defective.

Here, the sample of 2 non-defective items are taken from 8 non-defective items.

By using Theorem 3, the number of ways is,

2 8
2! 8!
( )( ) = ( )( )
2 2 2!(2−2)! 2!(8−2)!

2! 8!
= ( )( )
2!0! 2!6!

8×7×6×5×4×3×2×1
= 1( )
(2×1)(6×5×4×3×2×1)

= (4 × 7)

= 28

Thus, the number of possible ways to select the samples of 4 containing “2 defectives” is 28 ways.