4 A’s Detailed Lesson Plan in Curriculum Development: Processes and Models

I. Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

A. Identify the curriculum development processes and models.

B. Make a role play involving the phases of curriculum development process.
C. Value the importance of curriculum development processes and models through
an essay.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Curriculum Development: Processes and Models

Reference: Curriculum Development Book

Materials: Cartolina, Marking Pen, Laptop and Activity Sheet

III. Instructional Procedure

Teacher's Activity Student’s Activity

A.) Preparatory Activities

PRAYER
Before we start may we all stand for a prayer.
(All students will stand for the prayer)

GREETINGS
Good morning class!

Good morning, Ma’am!

Class, before you take your seat, please pickup some
pieces of paper on the floor and arranged your chairs
properly.
(The students will pick up pieces of paper
and arrange their chairs)
So how are you class?
(Different responses)
 Well, good then.

CHECKING OF ATTENDANCE:

Let us check your attendance first, as I call your name

instead of saying present please say “darna!”
Okay Ma’am
Student A …. Student Z
Students responses
Very good! All of you are present today.

REVIEW:

What was our lesson last meeting?

Our lesson last meeting was all about
approaches about school curriculum.

Yes! Very good.

What are the three ways of approaching a curriculum?

Who can enumerate? Yes, Student A.
There are three ways of approaching a
curriculum first is curriculum as a content or
body of knowledge, second is curriculum
approached as a process and last is
curriculum as a product.
Okay, very good!

B. Preliminary Activities

MOTIVATION

Okay class! At this time please look under your chair if

you see anything attached. If there is, please come in
front and paste it on the blackboard.

(The students will put the pictures on the

blackboard.)
Okay class thank you, kindly go back to your seats.So
what have you notice or observed about the pictures?
Do you have any idea? Student B?

In my own point of view ma’am I think the

pictures are all about how curriculum being
done or conducted.

Okay thank you Student B you have an idea. Any other

idea? Yes, Student C.
Ma’am I think they involved the methods or
process of a curriculum development.

Thank you Student C.

ACTIVITY

Before we proceed to our lesson, let’s have an activity

first. I have here jumbled words; all you have to do is
arrange it and paste it on the blackboard. I need 4
volunteers to come in front.

JumbledWords:
 NILPANGN PLANNING

GNSDIENIG DESIGNING

IMPLEMENTING

INTGNEMMIEPL EVALUATING

ULANIGTVEA

Okay excellent class! You all got the correct words.

ANALYSIS

What have you observed class from the picture down to

the activity that we had what do you think is our topic
for today? Yes Student D? Ma’am I think our topic for today is all
about the curriculum development processes.

Very good Student D.

ABSTRACTION

Our topic for today is all about the curriculum

development processes and models but before we OBJECTIVES:
proceed let us read first the objectives.
a. Identify the curriculum development
processes and models.
b. Make a role play involving the
phases of curriculum development
process.
c. Appreciate the importance of the
curriculum development processes
and models through an essay.

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT: PROCESSES

AND MODELS

Curriculum – is a dynamic process.

Curriculum development – a dynamic process involving

many different people and procedures.

Four Phases of Curriculum Development Process:

 Curriculum planning – considers the school

 vision, mission, and goals. It also includes the
philosophy or strong education belief of the
school.
 Curriculum designing – is the way curriculum is
conceptualized to include the selection and
organization of content, the selection and
organization of learning experiences or
activities and the selection of the assessment
procedure and tools to measure achieved
learning outcomes.
(Students are listening attentively)
Please read the next and the last phase everyone.
Curriculum implementing – it is in the
classroom setting or the learning
environment. The teacher, who is the
facilitator of learning, leads in putting into
action the plan which is based on the
curriculum design.

Curriculum evaluating – determines the

extent to which the desired outcomes have
been achieved. This procedure is on-going as
in finding out the progress of learning
(formative) or the mastery of learning
(summative).
In curriculum development, there are always changes
that occur that are intended for improvement. To do
this, there are models presented to us from well known
curricularists like Ralph Tyler, Hilda Taba, Galen
Saylor and William Alexander which would help
clarify the process of curriculum development.

Curriculum Development Process Models

1. Ralph Tyler: Four Basic Principles

- Also known as Tyler’s Rationale, the
curriculum development model emphasizing
the planning phase. This is presented in his
book Basic Principles of Curriculum and
Instruction. He posited four fundamental
principles which are illustrated as answers to
the following questions:
a. What education purposes should school seek
to attain?
b. What educational experiences can be
provided that is likely to attain these
purposes?
c. How can these educational experiences be
effectively organized?
 d. How can we determine whether these
purposes are being attained or not?

Tyler’s model shows that in curriculum

development, the following considerations
should be made:

a. Purposes of the school

b. Educational experiences related to the
purposes
c. Organization of the experiences
d. Evaluation of the experience
2. Hilda Taba Model: Grassroots Approach
Hilda Taba improved Tyler’s Model. She
believed that teachers should participate in
developing a curriculum. As a grassroots
approach Taba begins from the bottom, rather
than from the top as what Tyler proposed. She
presented seven major steps to her linear model
which are the following:
a. Diagnosis of learner’s needs and expectations of
the larger society.
b. Formulation of learning objectives.
c. Selection of learning contents
d. Organization of learning contents
e. Selection of learning experiences
f. Determination of what to evaluate and the
means of doing it.

Please read everyone.

3. Galen Saylor and William Alexander

Curriculum Model
Galen Saylor and William Alexander
(1974) viewed curriculum
development as consisting of four
steps. Curriculum is “a plan for
providing sets of learning
opportunities to achieve broad
educational goals and related specific
objectives for an identifiable
population served by a single school
center.”
A. Goals, Objectives and Domains.
Curriculum planners begin by
specifying the major educational
goals and specific objectives.
B. Curriculum Designing.
Designing a curriculum follows after
appropriate learning opportunities are
 determined and how each
opportunity is provided.
C. Curriculum Implementation.
A designed curriculum is now ready
for implementation.
D. Evaluation.
A comprehensive evaluation using
variety of evaluation techniques is
recommended. It should involve the
total educational programme of the
school and the curriculum plan, the
effectiveness of instruction and the
All the models utilized the process of (1) curriculum achievement of students.
planning. (2) curriculum designing, (3) curriculum
implementing, and (4) curriculum evaluating.

Any questions class? Or Clarifications?

If that so, let’s proceed to another activity. None ma’am

APPLICATION

This time I will divide the house into two groups. What
you are going to do is to make a role play applying the
four phases of curriculum development process. This
row (pointing the left row) will be the group 1 and this
row (pointing the right row) will be the group 2.
Understood?
Yes ma’am
Okay. So before we will start here are the rubrics for
the role play.

I will give you 10 minutes to prepare with your group.

Your time starts now!

5 minutes left. (Students are discussing with their group)

 2 minutes left.
(Students are mastering and preparing for
their presentation)

Time’s up!

Okay class, I think you are now ready for your role
play. Group 1 will be the first presenter, okay group 1
the stage is yours now.
(Group 1 presenting their role play)
What a nice presentation group 1, let’s give them a
firework’s clap.
(Everyone is doing the firework’s clap)
Now, group 2 it’s your time to shine.
(Group 2 presenting their role play)
Thank you group 2, that’s a wonderful presentation
also. Let’s give them a barangay clap.
(Everyone is doing the barangay clap)
Both group did very well and I would like to say that
both group got the perfect score for the presentation
with the total of 20pts. 16pts. for the presentation and I
added 4 because you all are participating. Thank you
class!

Values Integration
Thank you ma’am
Now class, what do you think is the importance of the
curriculum development process as a future educator?
Yes, Student E?
As a future educator curriculum
development process is important because
allows teachers to take a thoughtful and
methodical approach to determine what
students will be required to learn. The early
phases of the process involve deep research
and analysis to ensure that students get the
best education possible.
Very good Student E. Any other idea? Yes, Student F?

For me ma’am, curriculum development

process is important because a well-
developed, current curriculum provides
several benefits for students and teachers. A
curriculum that lays out course objectives
and content sequencing lets the teacher focus
on designing specific lessons and
 Thank you Student F. Nice thought! assessments to teach individual students
effectively.

EVALUATION

I think you are now ready for our quiz today, kindly get
½ sheet of paper. I will give you 10 minutes to answer.
I. IDENTIFICATION.

1. It is in the classroom setting or the learning

environment. The teacher, who is the facilitator
of learning, leads in putting into action the plan
which is based on the curriculum design.
2. Considers the school vision, mission, and goals.
It also includes the philosophy or strong
education belief of the school.
3. It is the name of Hilda Taba Model
4. Determines the extent to which the desired
outcomes have been achieved. This procedure is
on-going as in finding out the progress of
learning (formative) or the mastery of learning
(summative).
5. He posited four fundamental principles.
II. ENNUMERATION.
1. Four phases of curriculum development process
2. Three models of curriculum development
process
III. ESSAY.

1. What phase of the curriculum process do you

find very important as a teacher? Why?

Criteria:
Quality of writing – 5 pts.
Grammar – 5 pts.
Total points – 10 pts.

Time’s up! Pass your paper, finish or not finish. (Students are answering)

(students pass their papers)

Key answers:
 I.
1. Curriculum implementing
2. Curriculum planning
3. Grassroots Approach
4. Curriculum evaluating
5. Ralph Tyler
II.
1. (planning, designing, implementing, evaluation)
2. (Tyler’s Rationale, Grassroots approach, Galen
Saylor and William Alexander Curriculum
Model)

III.
(Answer may vary)

ASSIGNMENT

1. Describe the model of curriculum development

which you understand well. Write in two
paragraphs.

Rubrics:
Quality of writing – 10 pts.
Grammar – 10 pts.
Total points – 20pts.

That’s all for today class! Good bye.

Goodbye ma’am!

Prepared by:

Ritchell Mae C. Malolot