Weekly test 1- Cell functions

1. Which from mentioned are second messengers?

a) G Protein
b) SGMIE
c) GAM
d) Adenylyl cyclase
e) 13
f) rae but not calcium channel!

g) PGl2

2. Which of the following are secondary active transport mechanisms?

d) Ca2+ - pump
e) Nat - K+ - pump

3. What changes of ion flow through the nerve cell membrane cause each phase of
action potential?
 Which ion concentration in the intracellular fluid is 120 mmol/I, but in extracellular 4.5
mmol/l?

Select one:
Ca?*

HPO,2

HCO;

Question 7

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Y Flag question

Which of these cells are excitable?

Select one or more:

Erythrocytes

Osteocytes

Fibroblasts in skin

Question 8

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Y Flag question

How is the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced?

When hormone binds to the receptor} Gs > |¥ protein is activated, that leads to

a
activation of enzyme| adenylyl cyclase + ¥ thatfrom| ATP tiv

generates cAMP.
Question 2

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 2.00

Flag question

Which transport mechanisms can transport calcium ions (Ca) into the cell?

Segrone or more: )
Ca electrokinetic transport if cell membrane potential is +20 mV ;

Ca pump x

Ca electrokinetic transport if cell membrane potential is -70 mV

Question 6 Which transport mechanisms can transport calcium ions (Ca) into the cell?
| Partially correct

Mark 1.33 out of Select one or more:

gy Ca electrokinetic transport if cell membrane potential is -70 mV
| & Flag question
Ca pump

¥ Ca ligand-gated channels

Ca electrokinetic transport if cell membrane potential is +20 mV

’ Ca voltage-gated channels

Kanske den med +20 mV, vad tror ni

 g) leukocytes
h) osteocytes in bones
i) Fibroblasts
j) Erythrocytes

5. What from mentioned applies for the Osmosis?

a) Transport of two or more substances in the same direction with the same transport
protein in the membrane
b) Glucose transport down its concentration gradient
c) Sodium transport towards the place of greater concentration of it
d)
e) water transport towards the place of lower osmolarity
Potassium transport towards the place of greater concentration of it
oa

g) amino acid transport down its concentration gradient

6. Which transport mechanisms can transport sodium ions in to the cell?

a) Naelectrokinetic transport if cell is at resting membrane potential
b) Na electrokinetic transport if cell membrane potential is +20 mV

f) Na/K pump

7, What is correct about the functional activity state of tissues?

a) Connective tissue cells can have it
b)
eee oO

h) from there cell goes to inhibition

i) cell excitability during it can be decreased
j) Only suprathreshold stimuli can cause the functional activity
k) During it membrane potential becomes more negative than in the resting state

8. What is the normal K+ distribution between intracellular fluid and extracellular

fluid?
What is correct about the physiological rest state of tissues?

Select one or more:

Cell goes into this state only when subthreshold stimulus is applied

During it skeletal muscle cells contract

_ During it membrane potential is more negative than in the physiological _

There is no metabolic activity of the cell during this state
 a) 4 mM intracellularly and 140 mM extracellularly
b) 60 mM intracellularly / 160mM extracellularly
c) 400 mM intracellularly and 70 mM extracellularly
d)_ 140
intracellularly
mM and 4 mM extracellularly
e) 14 mM intracellularly and 140 mM extracellularly

9. If for the cell, which resting membrane potential is -80 mV, membrane potential
changes to —90 mV it is called:

a) Repolarization
b) Hypopolarization
c) Action potential
d) Depolarization
c) Hyperpolarization

10. What from mentioned is correct about the absolute refractory period of nerve cell?

a) During it cell excitability rises from 0 to 100%

b) It includes the beginning of repolarization phase
c) It begins from the beginning of local depolarization
d) During it cell can respond to optimal suprathreshold stimuli
c) Itcan occur if inactivation gates of Na+ voltage gated channels are closed
f) during it sodium voltage gated channels can be open
11. How much (in % from body weight) is extracellular fluid?
a) 20%

12. Threshold stimulus is the maximal intensity stimulus that causes response.
a) True
b) Baise
13. What do we call the process that delivers cell from the physiological rest to
functional activity?
a) Inhibition
b) Recovery
c) Repolarization
d) Specific function
c) EXCiation
14. If for the cell, which resting membrane potential is -80 mV, membrane potential
changes from —90 mV to -80 mV it is called:

f)Repolarization
g) Hypopolarization
h) Action potential
i) Depolarization
J) Hyperpolarization

15. If for the cell, which resting membrane potential is -80 mV, membrane potential
changes from —40 mV to -70 mV it is called:

k)Repolarization
1) Hypopolarization
m) Action potential
n) Depolarization
0) Hyperpolarization

16. What is correct about the hyperpolarization phase of the nerve cell action potential?
a. All the Na+ channels are open

d. The membrane oe drives closer to the Na+ equilibrium potential

Question 1

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Find the most precise stimulus type due to its strength according the characteristics given!

The lowest light intensity that person can see threshold stimulus Vv

Substance concentration in water which taste person cannot determine — sybthreshold stimulus Vv

Stimulus that causes the maximal skeletal muscle contraction optimal suprathreshold stimulus v
Question 3
What the study design is indicated?
Correct
The body weight at baseline and after 4 months was determined for 60
Mark 1.50 out of
medical students. There was included aerobic physical activity 2 times a
1.50
week in the curriculum for the group 1., 3., and 5. students, while group
2.,4., and 6. students did not have such a course during the study
period.

K e 2)
Group 1., 3., and re? + ey

(n=30)
Fi

Group 2., 4., and ¥ + ty

(n=30)

T > time
4

0 4 months

Select one:
Uncontrolled experiment

Randomized controlled experiment

Non-randomized controlled experiment v

Observation
Question 5
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Which of these cells are excitable?

Select one or more:

Fibroblasts in skin

Secretory cells in salivary glands

Erythrocytes

Osteocytes

Smooth muscle cells in blood vessels

Question 7

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

What is correct about the physiological rest state of tissues?

Select one or more:

During it skeletal muscle cells contract

Cell goes into this state only when subthreshold stimulus is applied

There is no metabolic activity of the cell during this state

Cell excitability during it is higher than during the inhibition

During it membrane potential is more negative than in the physiological activity

Question 8

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Find the most precise transport mechanism class for these transporters (A, B, C, D, and E) in the cell membrane!

A| antiport va

B uniport v

Cc symport ~v

D antiport va

E antiport ~v
Question 9

Correct

Mark 1.50 out of 1.50

Which ion concentration in the intracellular fluid is 120 mmol/], but in extracellular 4.5 mmol/1?

Select one:
HPO,2-

cl

Na*
Kt

HCO;

Mg,*
Ca2*
 Weekly test 2 - Nerve fibers and synapses

1. What is correct about the electrical synapses?

J) Impulses can go only in one direction

k) Action potential there causes ligand-gated channels to open
1) Neurotransmitter released there there can be GABA

2. Which ion influx in the postsynaptic cell can cause IPSP

3. What is the function of acetylcholinesterase?

. To inhibit Ca2+ and calmodulin ae creation

c) To block SNARE proteins

d) To synthesize acetylcholine in the presynaptic terminal
e) To block botulinum toxin
f) To transport acetylcholine in the blood
g) To block the acetylcholine release
h) To bind to the nicotinic receptor in the neuromuscular synapse

4. How can facilitation be caused in chemical synapses?

c) By botulinum toxin
d) By blocking inhibitory synapses
e) By increasing acetylcholinesterase activity

5. What is the role of SNARE proteins?

i Hee a vesicles to dock and fuse with te membrane

c) Bind to botulinum toxin

Question 1
Partially correct

Mark 1.33 out of 2.00

Y Flag question

What is correct about the repolarization phase (after the depolarization) of the nerve
cell action potential?

Select one or more:

_ © K* voltage gated channels are open Y
The membrane potential is driven closer to the Na* equilibrium potential

The cell cannot respond to the threshold stimulus v

The cell excitability is higher than during the hyperpolarization phase

Question 1: ratt svar 4r ocksa - The most of the voltage

gated Na+ channels are inactivated
Question 1 What is the speed of conduction in fibers that carry impulses to the
Correct muscle spindle?
Mark 1.20 out of
1.20 Select one:
Flag a. 3-15 m/s
question
b. 0.5-2.5 m/s

c. 15-30 m/s

d. 30-70 m/s

e. 70-120 m/s

Question 2 What is correct about the impulse conduction in nerve fibers?

Partially correct
Mark 0.33 out of Select one or more:
2.00
Fibers with the lower length constant conduct impulses faster
Flag
question Depolarization in every next node of Ranvier depends on calcium
channel opening

im Group I fibers conduct faster than group II fibers

There is only one-way conduction possible in nerve fibers

Myelinated fibers conduct faster than unmyelinated

‘
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Question 2

Correct

Mark 1.50 out of 1.50

vy Flag question

What can be transported in slow

axonal transport?

Select one or more:

Mitochondria

© Tubular proteins

© Enzymes necessary for

the neurotransmitter
synthesis

© Growth factors v

Vesicles with
neurotransmitter

4 Previous page Next page >

Question 3 Which of the given belong to SNARE proteins?
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00
Synapsin

Synaptobrevin v
Calmodulin

Caldesmon

Synaptotagmin v

Question 4
How do we call the organization of neuronal pools if one presynaptic
Correct neuron makes synapses with many postsynaptic neurons?
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00 divergence ~

Question 5 How can facilitation be caused in chemical synapses?

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00
By activating facilitatory synapse v

By botulinum toxin

By increasing acetylcholinesterase activity

By giving more frequent impulses v

By blocking inhibitory synapses

Question 6 Which ion flow through the postsynaptic membrane can cause IPSP?
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00
Na’ influx

Ca?* influx
K* influx

CI influx -
Mg" influx
 d) They activate Ca2+ and calmodulin complex
e) Create postsynaptic potential
6. How do we call organization of neuronal pools if many presynaptic neurons synapse with one
common postsynaptic neuron?

7. How do we call organization of neuronal pools if one presynaptic neuron makes synapses
with many postsynaptic neurons?

8. What is correct about the neuromuscular synapse?

a) It can work an an inhibitory synapse

Ithas multiple neurotransmitters

Botulinum toxin binds to acetylcholine and inactivates it

The neurotransmitter release does not require calcium influx in the presynaptic terminal
: 1) Inthe neuromuscular synapse neurotransmitter released can cause both excitatory and
inhibitory responses.
m) It works as electrical synapse
n) There can be glycerine released
o) There can be IPSP generated
\—_Ip
9. In the neuron scheme black are excitatory neurons, red. inhibitory. What type of inhibition is
presented?
a) Raniver inhibition
b)
c) Presynaptic mhibition
d) Neither from mentioned
e) Direct postsynaptic inhibition

10. In the neuron scheme black are excitatory neurons, red. inhibitory. What type of inhibition
is presented?
a) Raniver inhibition
b) Indirect postsynaptic inhibition
c) Presynaptic mhibition
d) Neither from mentioned
€)

11. Nerve fiber with greater tau constant conduct impulses faster.
a) True

12. Match the function with the corresponding nerve fiber!

a) Autonomic rn => B
b) Fast pain fiber >
c) Conducts impulses in both direction >
d) Presynaptic in neuromuscular synapse —
e) Unmyelinated — g
Question o

Partially correct

Mark 1.20 out of 2.00

Y Flag question

Match the function with the corresponding nerve fiber!

Fast conducting temperature sensitive fibers A delta

“>

Begins from the touch receptors in skin B

4

Unmyelinated C
>

Autonomic postganglionic C
«>

Conducts impulses in both directions A alpha

«>
 f) Fibre from the A group with the slowest speed of impulse conduction — AGS
g) Sends impulses to the muscle spindle >
h) Fast temperature sensitive fiber >
13. Match nerve fiber function with the appropriate fiber type!

a) To skeletal muscles > pHa

b) Unmyelinated — @
c) From the muscle spindle — AQIpha
d) Slow pain fiber >
e) Autonomic postganglionar > g

14. What is correct about the excitatory synapses?

b) Neurotransmitter can be glycine

d) Chemical signal is changed in to electrical and the back to chemical

|
15. What is correct about the impulse conduction in nerve fibers?

b) B fibers conduct faster than A beta fibers

, d)
e)
fibers with the greater length constant conduct impulses slower
depolarization in every next node of Ranvier depends on calcium channel opening

16. Glycine can increase chloride permeability in the postsynaptic membrane

b) False

17. Action potential in efferent neuron starts in uring action potential

conduction in axon and amplitude of depolarization
when it moves further away from the site of generation of action potential.

18. What is correct about chemical synapses?

a) Two-way impulse conduction is possible

c) transmit only excitatory impulses

19. Which type of the inhibition is illustrated in the picture ( black - excitatory neurons, red -
inhibitory neuron)?

a) Indirect postsynaptic
b) Presynaptic
c) Neither of mentioned

20. Myelinated nerve fibres conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated because myelin sheet
prevents loss of charge and increases the length constant C. in myelinated fibres.

b) False

21. What is correct about the temporal summation in the synapse?

» It is caused ; several neurons stimulating one postsynaptic cell at the same time

5 It ee in the en terminal

22. Which of the given are NOT SNARE proteins?

a) Syntaxin
3 SNAP 25

d) Synaptobrevin
 e) Synaptotagmin

23. Which of the following can happen in inhibitory synapses?

a Sean of anes membrane occurs because Ca2+ ions diffuse out

d) Ifchanges of membrane potential reach the threshold postsynaptic neuron generate action
otential

24. Nerve fiber with greater length constant conduct impulses faster.

b. false

25. What is correct about the synaptic facilitation?

a. It leads to the chloride ion concentration increase in the cell
b. It can be caused by the botulinum toxin

d. It leads to inhibition of inhibitory neurotransmitter release in the synapse that is facilitated

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Question 1

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

vy Flag question

Match the function with the

corresponding nerve fiber!

Autonomic C
4

postganglionic
v
Begins from the
A beta
touch receptors in
4

skin Vv

Conducts impulses all

>

in both directions v

c
Unmyelinated
>

v
Fast conducting
A delta
temperature
4

sensitive fibers v
Question 1

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

What is correct about the impulse conduction in nerve fibers?

Select one or more:

Fibers with the lower length constant conduct impulses faster

Group I fibers conduct faster than group II fibers

There is only one-way conduction possible in nerve fibers

Depolarization in every next node of Ranvier depends on calcium channel opening

Myelinated fibers conduct faster than unmyelinated

Question 2

Correct

Mark 1.20 out of 1.20

Which transport protein provides the retrograde transport

Select one:
Kinesin

Dynein

Calmodulin

Dystrophin

Troponin
Question 2
If for the cell, which resting membrane potential is -80 mV, membrane
Correct potential changes from -40mV to 10 mV it is called:
Mark 1.20 out of
1.20 Select one:
hyperpolarization

hypopolarization

depolarization Vv
recovery

repolarization

Question 3 What is correct about the repolarization phase (after the

Correct depolarization) of the nerve cell action potential?
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00 Select one or more:

The cell excitability is higher than during the hyperpolarization

phase

The most of the voltage gated Na* channels are inactivated v

The membrane potential is driven closer to the Na* equilibrium

potential

K* voltage gated channels are open v

The cell cannot respond to the threshold stimulus Vv

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Question 4

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

y Flag question

What is correct about the

impulse conduction in nerve
fibers?

Select one or more:

There is only one-way
conduction possible in nerve
fibers

Depolarization in every next

node of Ranvier depends on
calcium channel opening

Fibers with the lower length

constant conduct impulses
faster

©® Group! fibersconduct
faster than group II fibers

@ Myelinated fibers conduct ¥

faster than unmyelinated
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Question Z

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

vy Flag question

What is correct about the

repolarization phase (after the
depolarization) of the nerve cell
action potential?

Select one or more:

The cell excitability is higher
than during the
hyperpolarization phase

@ Thecellcannot respond ¥
to the threshold stimulus

The membrane potential is

driven closer to the Na*
equilibrium potential

K* voltage gated channels ¥

are open

The most of the voltage ¥

gated Na‘ channels are
inactivated
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IZIOLOZIa
Maija Rumaka

Question 9

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

vy Flag question

Potassium ion concentration

increase in the extracellular
space leads to the resting
membrane potential increase in
the nerve cell.

Select one:

© True v

False

4 PreviouspeeeSNExt page D>

Question 5 Which changes of ion flow through the nerve cell membrane cause each phase of action potential?
Correct
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00

& Flag question

B} Na+influx ¢ v

C! Ktoutflux + |v

D| K+outflux + |v

Question 6
Potassium ion concentration increase in the extracellular space leads to the resting membrane potential increase in
Correct the nerve cell.
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
& Flag question

False

Question if
What can be transported in slow axonal transport?
Partially correct

Mark 0.50 out of Select one or more:

1.50
Vesicles with neurotransmitter
& Flag question

Mitochondria

Question 4
What can be transported in slow axonal transport?
Correct

Mark 1.50 out of Select one or more:

eae Mitochondria
& Flag question 'S;
¥ Tubular proteins rh

¥ Growth factors 4

¥ Enzymes necessary for the neurotransmitter synthesis v

Vesicles with neurotransmitter

Question 7: ratt svar ocksa - enzymes necessary for the

neurotransmitter synthesis.
Question 8 What is correct about the compound action potential?
Complete
This question answer is not taken into consideration when the test result is calculated.
Not graded
¥ Flag question Select one or more:
It measures the magnitude of the resting membrane potential in the nerve fiber

(Wiis sett evatuateimpatse condctionininerves |) —> ey) Eee,

Its initial part indicates impulse conduction in A group nerve fibers

It is recorded as potential difference between intracellular and extracellular side of the cell membrane
Question 10

Partially correct

Mark 1.00 out of 2.00

Y Flag question

What is correct about the impulse conduction in nerve fibers?

Select one or more:

There is only one-way conduction possible in nerve fibers

eee a
Depolarization in every next node of Ranvier depends on calcium channel opening

Fibers with the lower length constant conduct impulses faster

gissar att group 1 fibers conduct faster than group 2 fibers

ocksa ar ratt.
Question 1
Which type of inhibition the most precisely is illustrated in the given picture (black - excitatory, red - inhibitory
Correct neurons)?
Mark 1.50 out of
1.50

|
¥ Flag question

|
|

Presynaptic inhibition

Feedback inhibition

Neither from mentioned

Indirect postsynaptic inhibition

Question 2
Which of the given belong to SNARE proteins?
Correct
Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:
2.00
Caldesmon
¥ Flag question
Calmodulin

Synapsin

<

Question oS How do we call the organization of neuronal pools if one presynaptic neuron makes synapses with many
Correct postsynaptic neurons?
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00 divergence Vv

& Flag question

Question 4
What is correct about the electrical synapses?
Partially correct

Mark 1.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00

¥ Flag question

Neurotransmitter released there can be GABA

 Weekly test 3 -Skeletal muscles

1. There can be many motor neurons in one motor unit.

a. True

2. Join definitions with the respective properties of skeletal muscles.

a. Ability to regain initial shape after stretch > es
b. Ability to respond to electrical stimulation —
c. Ability to keep deformation —
d. Ability to conduct impulses along the muscle fiber membrane — conductivity

3. What form mentioned is correct about multiunitary smooth muscles

a. They have troponin

d. they have automaticity

g. They are located in the heart

h. They have tropomyosin

4. Muscles of marathon runner compared to sprint runner have:

More myofibrils
oe

Smaller percentage of type I fibers

6. Skeletal muscle fibers type I compared to type Ib:

e. Have less mitochondria

7, One motor unit can contain all types (1, Ia, and IIb) of muscle fibers.
a. True
 Question 5 Which substances stimulate impulse transmission through the neuromuscular synapse?
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

athe Botulinum toxin
& Flag question

M-cholinoreceptor blockers

Glutamate receptor stimulators

Acetylcholinesterase reactivators

Question 6 What is the function of choline acetyltransferase?

Correct

Mark 1.50 out of Select one:

Flag question
To transport acetylcholine in the postsynaptic terminal

To bind to the nicotinic receptor in the neuromuscular synapse

To block the acetylcholine release

To brake down left over acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft

Question 7 What is correct about the neuromuscular synapse?

Partially correct

Mark 1.00 out of Select one or more:

on The neurotransmitter is removed from it by the enzymatic breakdown —
¥ Flag question . .
Its presynaptic pole is made of A delta nerve fiber

Neurotransmitter in it is glycine

It is electrical synapse

Question 8 Which ion flow through the postsynaptic membrane can cause IPSP?
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

oe Na* influx

Ca** influx
Mg* influx

K’ influx

Question 9 How can facilitation be caused in chemical synapses?

Partially correct

Mark 0.33 out of Select one or more:

2.00 By increasing acetylcholinesterase activity
& Flag question . .
By botulinum toxin

By blocking inhibitory synapses

Question 3 What can increase neurotransmitter amount in the synaptic cleft?
Partially correct
Mark 1.33 out of Select one or more:
mar; Activation of monoamine oxidase
f Flag
question Activation of calmodulin

Inhibition of the acetylcholine esterase

Inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake

Posttetanic potentiation

Question 4 How do we call the organization of neuronal pools if one presynaptic

Correct neuron makes synapses with many postsynaptic neurons?
Mark 2.00 out of 5
2.00 divergence v
Flag
question

Question 5 What is correct about the electrical synapses?

Partially correct
Mark 1.00 out of Select one or more:
2.00 t~- ewe
They synchronize activation of cell pools
Flag
question They can transmit impulses in both directions

They can function as excitatory synapses

~ They can be located between smooth muscle cells

Neurotransmitter released there can be GABA

 Question 6 How can facilitation be caused in chemical synapses?

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

a By botulinum toxin
Flag
question By increasing acetylcholinesterase activity

By activating facilitatory synapse wv

By giving more frequent impulses ov.

By blocking inhibitory synapses

Question 7 Which of the given belong to SNARE proteins?

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00 5 oe
Synaptotagmin
& Flag —
question Synapsin

Caldesmon

Synaptobrevin wt
Calmodulin

Question 8 What is correct about the neuromuscular synapse?

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

a0 The neurotransmitter is removed from it by the enzymatic v
& Flag breakdown
question
The end plate potential is depolarization oe
Its presynaptic pole is made of A delta nerve fiber

It is electrical synapse

Neurotransmitter in it is glycine

Question 9 What is the function of choline acetyltransferase?

Correct
Mark 1.50 out of Select one:
a To transport acetylcholine in the postsynaptic terminal
& Flag
question To synthesize the acetylcholine in the presynaptic terminal v

To brake down left over acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft

To block the acetylcholine release

To bind to the nicotinic receptor in the neuromuscular synapse

Question 10 Which ion flow through the postsynaptic membrane can cause IPSP?
Correct
Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:
a cI influx v
Y Flag s

Ca?* influx
Na’ influx

K* influx
8. What is correct about the skeletal muscle:
I

Calmodulin binds the Ca*"

Thin filaments consist only of actin
T-tubule membrane contains Ca** channel which is sensitive to ryanodine
Soe

Tropomyosin heads have ATPase activity

Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane contains Ca2+ channel which is sensitive to
dihydropyridine
cet

9. During the exercise:

f. More ATP is generated from single glucose molecule in anaerobic glycolysis than in
aerobic energy production
g. Lipid degradation by oxidation is higher in the muscle fibers type II than type I
h. ATP generation using phosphocreatine is the main source of energy for the exercises
shorter than 10 minutes
i. In best conditions skeletal muscle can use about 70% energy for week, the rest
dissipates as a heat
j. ATP for the 40 minutes exercise is mostly derived from anaerobic glycolysis

10. Ina.......... contraction, the length of the muscle fiber does not change
a.Isometric
11. Ina.......... contraction, the force generated does not change.

12. ATP in the muscle:

c. Its ae is used for the ees to slide along actin filament

 e. In the resting state is cleaved into ADP and P

13. Muscles of marathon runner compared to sprint runner have more mitochondria.

b. False

14. Put in the right Order the events in skeletal muscle contraction
Length of the sarcomere decreases > §
oR

Troponin removes tropomyosin from actin > 8

myosin heads bind to actin and rotate > 4
ono

Ca 2+ ions diffuse out of sarcoplasmic reticulum > il

Ca2+ ions bind to troponin C — 5

15. What is correct about motor units in skeletal units muscles?

a. Small motor units have lower ae than a motor units

c. One motor unit can contain all types (I, I, and IIb) of muscle fibers

16. What is correct about the temporal summation of muscle contractions?

Rarely is observed in tetanic contraction

Taos

It can be enhanced by allowing the muscle to completely relax

results from pumping of potasstum ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
it increases the numbers of the muscle fibers contraction simultaneously

17. Match the statements with the respective phase of single contraction
a. It is the time between firing of action potential and start of the contraction — Dent

b. Active ee decreases concentration of Ca2+ concentration in sarcoplasm —

c. Activation of gomane receptors leads to increase of ca2+ contraction in sarcoplasma

d. In tired muscle this phase becomes significantly longer > RSIMNAuOMphase

 e. ee leads rotate and pull actin filaments to the center of the sarcomere —

18. What can increase the force of skeletal muscle contraction?

d. Greater activity of calcium pumps in the skeletal muscle fiber

ES PEP TT
19, Fibers type I compared to type IIb:

b. Have less mitochondria

20. What is correct about ATP restoration (resynthesis) in skeletal muscles during the
exercise?

C, aa ee z oxidation is aa in the muscle fibres ie TI than aes I

e. ATP restoration using anaerobic glycolysis is more “ rentable” than aerobic energy
production

21. Skeletal muscle fibers type IIb compared to type I:

a. Have more myoglobin
b. Use more aerobic (oxidative) metabolism

e. Are slow fibres

22. What is correct about the incomplete tetanic contraction? ( ett till svar saknas)
a. It is the most common contractions during daily life
b. It requires higher frequency of stimuli than complete tetanic contractions

f. Can be detected only at the frequency above 20 Hz

g. Are weaker than single contractions
h. Are the most common contractions during daily life
23. Which of mentioned binds calcium ions in the smooth muscle causing contraction
a. SEE

c. Actin
d. Myosin
e. Troponin
24, What characterizes latent period?
a. Stimuli that are given during it cause incomplete tetanus

The rotation of the myosin head shortens the sarcomere

rodebh

Ca’' will attach to tropomyosin

During it acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors
It is the time between end end and the previous relaxation phase and the start of the
next contraction
Stimuli that are given during it cause incomplete tetanus
ry

25. Muscles of sprint runner compared to marathon runner have:

a. More ee

c. Higher amount of mitochondria

d. More capillaries
e. Lave concentration of 0
Question 1 During the exercise:
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

zor Lipid degradation by oxidation is higher in the muscle fibers type II than type I
Flag question
For the exercise longer than several minutes, ATP is produced using aerobic v

ATP generation using phosphocreatine is the main source of energy for the v,
exercisesshorter than 10 seconds ~
ATP generation in anaerobic glycolysis is more “rentable” than aerobic energy
production

ATP for the 40 minutes exercise is mostly derived from anaerobic glycolysis

Question 2 Fibers type I compared to type IIb:

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

ao Have less mitochondria
¥ Flag question
© Have more myoglobin | Se
© Use aerobic (oxidative) metabolism. v
© Are slow fibers a
© Are more fatigue resistant .

Question 3 Muscles of the sprint runner compared to the marathon runner have:
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

“0 © Lower amount of myoglobin “

Flag question
Larger diameter muscle fibers _ ~
Smaller percentage of type II muscle fibers

More capillaries

Higher concentration of triglycerides

Question 4 What is correct about the skeletal muscle structure?

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of Select one or more:

m The myosin head has ATP-ase activity —
Flag question
Myofilaments consist of myofibrils x

Actin has a calcium binding part

Titin connects the tropomyosin to the Z-disk x

© Troponin fixes tropomyosin to the actin filament i

Question 4: Ratt svar ocksa- the myosin head has ATP-ase activity
 Weekly test 4 -Reflexes and spinal cord

1. Which from these reflexes illustrates the best a tendon reflex ( black. excitatory
neurons, red . inhibitory neurons)?

a A
b. B
c. C
tH
oO

2. What is correct about the consequences of pain receptor stimulation in the right
hand?
a. ie cause contraction of extensors the a arm

c. Tes from ae are sent aa A beta fibers

e. They cause contraction of flexors in the left arm

f. They cause contraction of flexors in opposite side extremity

h. They cause contraction of extensors in same side extremity

1. aoa from aie are sent me A beta fibres.
Question 5 The incomplete tetanus:
Correct
Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:
2.00

¥ Flag question

Is triggered if impulse frequency rises above 40 Hz

Is triggered if the new stimulus arrives while the muscle has not yet fully relaxed
Is the most common contractions during daily life

Is weaker than single contractions

Question 6 Join definitions with the respective properties of skeletal muscles.

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Ability to conduct impulses along the muscle fiber membrane conductivity +
2.00

Cre
¥ Flag question Ability to respond to electrical stimulation excitability +

Ability to regain initial shape after the stretch elasticity

Question 7
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of

During the, isometric + |% contraction, the force generation does not change.
—) 1S 0%OMG
1.50

Question 7: ?
Question 8 How long normally is the latent period of the skeletal muscle contraction (give one number
Correct in the range and units)?
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00 CS mS ocnre ie)
¥ Flag question mae

Question 9 The most of calcium during the skeletal muscle contraction enter the cytoplasm through the
Incorrect dihydropyridine receptors.
Mark 0.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
¥ Flag question True %

Question 9: False
Question 10 What characterizes latent period?
Correct
Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:
2.00
In it Ca* binds to the tropomyosin
¥ Flag question
In it the myosin head rotation takes place

It is the time between relaxation of the skeletal muscle until the next contraction

During it calcium concentration in the muscle fiber decreases

3. Which reflexes correspond to mentioned characteristics?
Has monosynaptic reflex arch —
Induce agonist muscle relaxation —
aore

Afferent fiber is sensory fiber type II —

Has ea interneuron to the agonist muscle —

Afferent fiber is A delta > NOGi@epiive

mo

Fast stretch of skeletal muscles triggers the reflex eae

—
Afferent fibre is sensory fiber type Ib
ga

4. Which is segmental level of realization of the Achilles (m. triceps surae) tendon
reflex?
a. Neither

c. cervical 7-8
d. lumbar 2-4
e. thoracic 5-6

5. Where is located the synapse between the sensory and motor neuron in the knee-jerk
reflex arc?
a. Within the muscle of the leg
b. Inthe nerve leading to the spinal cord
c. Inthe brain

e. Between the receptor and the spinal cord

6. What changes in the body you can observe immediately after complete spinal cord
transection at the level of thoracic 1st segment?

c. Permanent loss of voluntary control of movements above transaction level

d. er loss of conscious Rae eat below the transaction level
7. Aperson is holding four bricks in his hand. If the Golgi tendon organ now fires a
high frequency of action potentials:

a. the person will vigorously contract the biceps muscle to lift the bricks higher
b. the muscle cua in nee muscle will fire action potentials at a high rate

d. the person will vigorously contract the triceps muscle to lower the bricks carefully
e. none of the above, as a muscle spindle must also stop firing

8. Gamma motor neuron innervates intrafusal skeletal muscle fibers.

b. False

9, Which of these effects are not caused by sympathetic nervous system?

b. relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

c. increase in heart contractility

e. stimulation of lipolysis

10. How do these factors change the reflex time?

a. More synapses —
b. Greater number of muscle fibers in the innervated motor unit — does not change
c. Inhibition in the reflex center —
d. Facilitation in the reflex center —
e. Better myelinated fibers in the reflex arch > decrease

11. What is correct about the muscle spindle?

a. Central part of intrafusal fibers is contractile

e. Ia fibers begin predominantly from nuclear chain fiber

f. Stimulation of gamma-motor neuron makes muscle spindle less sensitive to stretch
g. Mid-portion of intrafusal fibers is contractile
h. Increased stimulation of gamma-motor neuron cause muscle spindle inhibition
i. Ib fibers begin from both intrafusal fibers

k. Nuclear chain fibres detect the dynamic change in muscle length

12. Find the most precise muscle to each property!
Has troponin —
Has automaticity —
Innervated by autonomic nervous system — All§imeothmmuscles
Attached to bones —
Located in pupils —

13. Myosin light chain kinase activation in smooth muscle cell leads to its relaxation.

a. True

14. What from these events lead to the contraction of smooth smooth muscles?

} Untam hpe mss con sano om sl <i og

i eae Sanaa ae reticulum is main source of Ca2+ ions in contraction

e) Somatic nervous system signals trigger contraction of smooth muscles

15. What from these events lead to the contraction of the smooth muscle cell?
a) ee Fn eeaiaG activation

c) Calcium pumps pump calcium through the cell membrane

d) Calcium binding to troponin

16. Reflex from receptors in muscle tendon starts when

. Function of this reflex is

17. Antagonistic innervation of muscles

a) Can be triggered only in case of activation of Golgi tendon receptors
b) Has ns eo interneurons in integrating center

e) Regulates sensitivity of muscle spindle

18. Through which segmental level of the spinal cord is biceps brachii tendon reflex
organized?

19. Gamma motor neuron innervates extrafusal fibers.

- True
Question 1 During the exercise:
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

a ATP for the 40 minutes exercise is mostly derived from anaerobic
glycolysis

ATP generation using phosphocreatine is the main sourceof “

energy for the exercises shorter than 10 seconds

For the exercise longer than several minutes, ATP is produced ¥Y

using aerobic pathway

ATP generation in anaerobic glycolysis is more “rentable” than

aerobic energy production

Lipid degradation by oxidation is higher in the muscle fibers type

II than type I
Question 1
Fibers type I compared to type IIb:
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00
Have more myoglobin

<
Use aerobic (oxidative) metabolism

<
Are more fatigue resistant

Have less mitochondria

Are slow fibers

Question Z What is correct about the skeletal muscle structure?

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00
Titin connects the tropomyosin to the Z-disk

Myofilaments consist of myofibrils

The myosin head has ATP-ase activity

Actin has a calcium binding part

Troponin fixes tropomyosin to the actin filament

Question 3

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Muscles of the sprint runner compared to the marathon runner have:

Select one or more:

Higher concentration of triglycerides

More capillaries

Larger diameter muscle fibers

Smaller percentage of type II muscle fibers

Lower amount of myoglobin

Question 4
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Join definitions with the respective properties of skeletal muscles.

Ability to regain initial shape after the stretch elasticity v

Ability to conduct impulses along the muscle fiber membrane — conductivity v

Ability to respond to electrical stimulation excitability

Question 5

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

The incomplete tetanus:

Select one or more:

Is weaker than single contractions

Leads to higher calcium concentration in the muscle fiber than in single contractions

Is triggered if impulse frequency rises above 40 Hz

Is triggered if the new stimulus arrives while the muscle has not yet fully relaxed

Is the most common contractions during daily life

13:03 all S &)
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Question Z
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

vy Flag question

The incomplete tetanus:

Select one or more:

Is triggered if impulse
frequency rises above 40 Hz

Leads to higher calcium ¥

concentration in the
muscle fiber than in
single contractions

Is triggeredifthenew “¥
stimulus arrives while the
muscle has not yet fully
relaxed

Is the most common

contractions during daily life

Is weaker than single

contractions
13:03 ott! S &)
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14:03

Question 5

Partially correct

Mark 1.50 out of 2.00

vy Flag question

What characterizes latent

period?

Select one or more:

During it calcium
concentration in the muscle
fiber decreases

In it the myosin head

rotation takes place

© Init actin and myosin “

create cross-bridges

It is the time between

relaxation of the skeletal
muscle until the next
contraction

@ Init Ca** binds to the *

tropomyosin
 Question 3 How long normally is the latent period of the skeletal muscle
Correct contraction (give one number in the range and units)?
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00
Answer:| 5ms S
Question 4
The most of calcium during the skeletal muscle contraction enter the
Correct cytoplasm through the dihydropyridine receptors.
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
True

False ¥

Question 5 The incomplete tetanus:

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00
Is the most common contractions during daily life

Is weaker than single contractions

Is triggered if impulse frequency rises above 40 Hz

Is triggered if the new stimulus arrives while the musclehas ¥

not yet fully relaxed

Leads to higher calcium concentration in the muscle fiber than Y

in single contractions

Question 6
Join definitions with the respective properties of skeletal muscles.
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of

2.00 Ability to respond to electrical stimulation excitability
<a

Ability to regain initial shape after the stretch elasticity

va

Ability to conduct impulses along the muscle fiber | conductivity

membrane
v

Question T
What characterizes latent period?
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00
In it Ca?* binds to the tropomyosin

In it the myosin head rotation takes place

During it calcium concentration in the muscle fiber decreases

It is the time between relaxation of the skeletal muscle until the

next contraction

In it actin and myosin create cross-bridges v

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14:03 OD ~

Question 4

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

y Flag question

During the exercise:

Select one or more:

ATP generation in anaerobic
glycolysis is more “rentable”
than aerobic energy
production

Lipid degradation by
oxidation is higher in the
muscle fibers type II than
type I
ATP for the 40 minutes
exercise is mostly derived
from anaerobic glycolysis

ATP generation using “

phosphocreatine is the
main source of energy for
the exercises shorter than
10 seconds

For the exercise longer ©“

than several minutes, ATP
is produced using aerobic
pathway
 13:03 ott! FS EH)
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Fiziologija
Maija Rumaka

Question 5

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

vy Flag question

How long normally is the latent

period of the skeletal muscle
contraction (give one number in
the range and units)?

Answer:

6 ms

4 Previo Tt Next page >

Question 6

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Fibers type I compared to type IIb:

Select one or more:

Have more myoglobin v
Are more fatigue resistant v

Have less mitochondria

Are slow fibers v

Use aerobic (oxidative) metabolism v

Question 7

Partially correct

Mark 1.50 out of 2.00

What characterizes latent period?

Select one or more:

In it actin and myosin create cross-bridges v

During it calcium concentration in the muscle fiber decreases

In it Ca?* binds to the tropomyosin x

It is the time between relaxation of the skeletal muscle until the next contraction

In it the myosin head rotation takes place

Question 8

Correct

Mark 1.50 out of 1.50

During the isotonic ¥ contraction, the force generation does not change.

Question 9

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

How long normally is the latent period of the skeletal muscle contraction (give one number in the range and units)?

Answer: | ¢ms Vv
 13:03 ott] S
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L41U1VSBIa

Maija Rumaka

Question 6

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

vy Flag question

The most of calcium during the

skeletal muscle contraction enter
the cytoplasm through the
dihydropyridine receptors.

Select one:
True

© False v

Previous page Next page >

Question 7 How long normally is the latent period of the skeletal muscle
Partially correct contraction (give one number in the range and units)?
Mark 1.90 out of
2.00
Answer:| 5-7 ms
Question 10

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

What is correct about the skeletal muscle structure?

Select one or more:

Myofilaments consist of myofibrils

Troponin fixes tropomyosin to the actin filament

Titin connects the tropomyosin to the Z-disk

The myosin head has ATP-ase activity

Actin has a calcium binding part

 13:04 all > &H)
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Question yi

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

vy Flag question

What is correct about the skeletal

muscle structure?

Select one or more:

Troponin fixes
tropomyosin to the actin
filament

The myosin head has =

ATP-ase activity

Myofilaments consist of
myofibrils

Titin connects the

tropomyosin to the Z-disk

Actin has a calcium binding

part
 13:04 al > &H
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14:04

Question 10

Partially correct

Mark 1.33 out of 2.00

vy Flag question

Muscles of the sprint runner

compared to the marathon
runner have:

Select one or more:

Lower amount of
myoglobin
v
© Larger diameter muscle
fibers

Smaller percentage of type II

muscle fibers

More capillaries

Higher concentration of
triglycerides
 Question 1 How do these factors change the reflex time?
Correct

Mark 1.20 out of greater number of muscle fibers in the innervated does not change $
motor unit a
120
Y¥ Flag
:
uestion ee .
‘ facilitation in the reflex center decrease
v

inhibition in the reflex center increase +

v

increase 2
more synapses
v

better myelinated fibers in the reflex arch decrease +

v

Question 2 Find the most precise muscle to each property!

Partially correct

Mark 0.88 out of >x

116 Has automaticity all smooth muscles

Y¥ Flag x
question Innervated by autonomic nervous all smooth muscles 4
system i

Has troponin skeletal muscles +

~

Located in pupils multiunitary smooth muscle +

v

Attached to bones skeletal muscles +

~

Question 3 What is correct about the muscle spindle?

Correct

Mark 1.20 out of Select one or more:

aad © a. stimulation of gamma-motor neuron makes muscle spindle less
VY Flag sensitive to stretch
question

@ b. distal parts of intrafusal fibers are contractile v

© c. central part of intrafusal fibers is contractile

@ d. nuclear bag fibers detect the dynamic change in muscle length Vv

© e. Ia fibers begin predominantly from nuclear chain fiber

 Question 1 Find the most appropriate part of the homeostatic regulatory system
Correct according each statement given!
Mark 2.00 out of

aD Receives information about the set point of Control center

¥ Flag the parameter
question v
Is stimulated to increase sweat production if Effector 2
body temperature is high y

Senses the change of blood osmolarity Receptor ~

v

Compares blood pressure with the normal Control center +

expected blood pressure ZS

Question 2 Which second messenger activation in the smooth muscle cell leads to
Correct its contraction?
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00 Select one or more:
F Flag © IP;and DAG” WA
question
troponin - Ca?*complex
tyrosine kinase

cAMP

cGMP

Question 3 How do these factors change the reflex time?

Partially correct

Mark 1.60 out of decrease A

2.00 Stronger stimulus applied on the receptor ~ ~
Flag 4
question Aalpha group fibers in the efferent part of decrease t
the reflex arch
v

More synapses in the reflex arch pee ¥

v

ts actived crease |==? MOVE ASE

\
More motor units activated in the muscle Pecredie
x

Inhibition in the reflex center menses ~

v
Question 3: More motor units activated in the muscle - increase
Question 3 Put the events in the contraction mechanism of the smooth muscle cell in the right
Correct order.
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00
Activation of dihydropyridine receptors
F Flag question

Activation of the ryanodine receptors

Calcium ion binding to the calmodulin

Activation of the myosin light chain kinase

Myosin binding to actin

Myosin head rotation

Question 5 What from mentioned is correct about the unitary (visceral) smooth
Partially correct muscles? &
Mark 1.33 out of
2.00 : ; ; F
They have deformation-gated calcium channels in their
F Flag membranes
question
They are innervated by the somatic nervous system

@ They have automaticity s4

v

The erector pili muscle belongs to them

Question I Which from these reflexes illustrates the best a reflex from receptor in tendon (blue - excitatory neurons, red -
Correct inhibitory neurons)?
Mark 1.50 out of 5
150
Flag question ‘ 6
3
tt

9 g.

K
By a
c

None

What is correct about the muscle spindle?

Partially
Mark 0.6 Select one or more:
2.00 Its activation leads to the antagonist muscle contraction
Flag question

End parts of intrafusal fibers are not contractile

Ocksa ratt(7): during muscle contraction it sends lower

frequency of impulses to CNS
Question 4 Which is segmental level of realization of the Achilles (m. triceps surae) tendon
Correct reflex?
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 © a. cervical 7-8
VY Flag
question © b. sacral 1-2 v

© c. thoracic 5-6

© d. neither

© e. lumbar 2-4

Question 5 Which reflexes correspond to mentioned characteristics?

Correct

Mark 1.20 out of Has inhibitory interneuron to Reflex from the receptor in muscle tendon ¢
120 the agonist muscle v
Y¥ Flag
uestion . j a
i: Has monosynaptic reflex arch Phasic strech reflex il
v

Induce agonist muscle Reflex from the receptor in muscle tendon +

relaxation
v

Afferent fiber is sensory fiber Tonic stretch reflex

4>
type II
v

Question 6 Gamma motor neuron innervates intrafusal skeletal muscle fibers.

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

108 OTruev
\ Flag (
question O False

Question 7 Myosin light chain kinase activation in smooth muscle cell leads to its
Correct relaxation.
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
V Flag © True
question
O False v
 Which reflex the most precisely corresponds to mentioned
characteristics?

a Which is the segmental level of realization of the biceps brachii

Contes tendon reflex?
Mark 1.50 out of
i Select one:
ite © cervical 5-6 ~
question
° 78
thoracic 3-4
lumbar 2-4
sacral 1-2

Question 10 What is correct about the phasic stretch reflex?

Partially correct.
‘Mark 1.00 out of Select
one or more:
2.00 fiber of itent
Affer is of II type
F Flag
question _ © Itis monosynaptic v

_ It stimulate relaxation of the muscle where receptor is

located
Question 1 What is correct about the phasic stretch reflex?
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2.00 It causes antagonistic muscle relaxation v

Afferent fiber of it is of II type

It is monosynaptic Vv
It stimulate relaxation of the muscle where receptor is located

It is triggered from the Golgi tendon organ

Question 3

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

What is correct about the phasic stretch reflex?

Select one or more:

It stimulate relaxation of the muscle where receptor is located

It is monosynaptic

It is triggered from the Golgi tendon organ

Afferent fiber of it is of II type

It causes antagonistic muscle relaxation

Question 5 What is correct about the muscle spindle?
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of Select one or more:

2:00 Middle parts of intrafusal fibers are not contractile v

Nuclear bag fibers detect the fast change in muscle length v

End parts of intrafusal fibers are not contractile

Its activation leads to the antagonist muscle contraction

During muscle contraction it sends lower frequency of v

impulses to the central nervous system
Question 5

Correct

Mark 1.50 out of 1.50

Which is the segmental level of realization of the biceps brachii tendon reflex?

Select one:
cervical 5-6

sacral 1-2

lumbar 2-4

thoracic 7-8

thoracic 3-4
 Question 6 Which from these reflexes illustrates the best a reflex from receptor in
Correct tendon (blue - excitatory neurons, red - inhibitory neurons)?
Mark 1.50 out of
1.50
>

<
Ww
AO
0

None
 Question 8 A person is holding four bricks in his hand. If the Golgi tendon organ now fires
Correct a high frequency of action potentials:
Mark 1.20 out of
1.20 Select one or more:
¥ Flag © a. the muscle spindles in biceps muscle will fire action potentials at a high
question rate

© b. the person will vigorously contract the triceps muscle to lower the
bricks carefully

© c. the person will vigorously contract the biceps muscle to lift the bricks
higher

(© d. none of the above, as a muscle spindle must also stop firing

@ e. the person will immediately drop the bricks v

Question 9 Through which segmental level of the spinal cord is biceps brachii tendon
Correct reflex organized?
Mark 1.00 out of
1,00 Select one:
¥ Flag © a. Lumbal 2-4
question

Chere 5-6
———

O c. Cervical 7-8

© d. Thoracic 9-10

© e. Sacral 1-2 x

Question 10 Which from these reflexes illustrates the best a tendon reflex (black -
Correct excitatory neurons, red - inhibitory neurons)?
Mark 1.10 out of

2 ge
Question 9

Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

Which second messenger activation in the smooth muscle cell leads to its contraction?

Select one or more:

tyrosine kinase

troponin - Ca?*complex
cAMP

IP; and DAG

cGMP
 1. Calculate heart rate (in x/min) from the cardiogram below, if speed of recording
is 0.5 cm/s and 1 cm/Div

Tote asay:

HT
24.6cm | t:00:01:12| 10 mV/Din, 0.5 cm’s| adr-3M, 50 l/min | Sin

2. Calculate force of contraction of heart muscle (in mmHg) from the cardiogram below,
if apseed of amplitude resolution is 10 mV/Div and 2 mmHg/mV?

MALARIAL
19.7em | :00:00:39 | 10 mV/Div, 0.5 em’s SimHeart, Tue Oct 8 20

3. What was resting heart rate (in x/min) for the isolated frog’s heart?

4, What was the force of contraction (in mmHg) in the isolated frog’s heart?
5. Match substance with its corresponding group!

Propranolol beta-adrenoblocator
Atropine M-cholinoblocator
Phentolamine alpha-adrenoblocator

6. What was the heart rate (in x/min) after acetylcholine infusion in the isolated frog’s
heart?

7. What was the force of contraction in (mmHg) after acetylcholine infusion in the
isolated frog’s heart?

8. What from below describes acetylcholine effect on isolated heart?

a) it blocks Eee effect in the heart

5 it blocks ae effect in the heart

e) it blocks parasympathetic effect in the heart

f) it increases force of contraction of heart muscle

9, What ie of receptor for acetylcholine is present on cardiac muscle cells?

b) Nicotinic

10. What changes of heart function did you observe after infusion of atropine?

b) force of heart muscle contraction increased

c) heart rate decreased
d) force of heart muscle contraction decreased

f) heart rate did not change

11. What from below explains the effect of atropine on the heart muscle?

c) it stimulates sympathetic effect on heart

d) it does not affect receptors located on heart muscle cells

12. What changes of heart function did you observe after infusion of acetylcholine after
atropine?

a) force of contraction was the same as for acetylcholine alone

b) force of contraction decreased more than due to ee alone

d) heart rate was the same as before both substance infusion

f) heart rate was the same as to acetylcholine alone

g) heart rate decreased more than due to acetylcholine alone
h) force of contraction was the same as before both substance infusion

13. What from below explains the effect of acetylcholine on the heart muscle after
atropine infusion?

a) ate decreases calcium concentration in cardiac muscle cell

c) atropine blocks impulse transmission in parasympathetic ganglion, so acetylcholine is

not released
d) atropine stimulates beta | receptors in heart and increases sympathetic effect on heart

14. What was the heart rate (in x/min) after adrenaline infusion in the isolated frog’s
heart?

15. What was the force of contraction (in mmHg) after adrenaline infusion in the
isolated frog’s heart?
16. What changes of heart function did you observe after infusion of adrenaline?

a) force of heart muscle contraction did not change

c) heart rate decreased

e) force of heart muscle contraction decreased

f) heart rate did not change

17. What from below explains the effect of adrenaline on the heart muscle?

c) it stimulates opening of potassium channels in the membrane of cardiac muscle cells

d) it blocks beta 1 receptor on the heart muscle cell

18. What changes of heart functions did you observe after infusion of phentolamine?

a) heart rate decreased

b) heart rate increased

e) force of heart muscle contraction increased

f) force of heart muscle contraction decreased

19. What from below explains the effect of phentolamine on the heart muscle?

b) it stimulates opening of calcium channels in the membranes of the heart muscle cells
c) it stimulates cAMP production in heart muscle cell

20. What changes of heart function did you observe after infusion of adrenaline after
phentolamine?

b) force of contraction was the same as before both substance infusion

 d) heart rate increased more than due to adrenaline alone
e) force of contraction increased more than due to adrenaline alone
f) heart rate increased less than due to adrenaline alone
g) heart rate was the same as before both substance infusion
h) force of contraction increased less due to adrenaline alone

21. What from below explains the effect on the heart muscle of adrenaline after
phentolamine infusion?

a) phentolamine stimulates parasympathetic effect on heart that is reversed by adrenaline

c) phentolamine blocks muscarinic receptors in heart, which adrenaline does not affect
d) phentolamine stimulates only beta 2 receptors which are not in heart muscle

22. What changes of heart function did you observe after infusion of propranolol?

a) force of heart muscle contraction increased

b) heart rate increased

d) heart rate decreased

e) force of heart muscle contraction decreased

23. What from below explains the effect of propranolol?

a) it stimulates sympathetic effect on heart

d) it does not affect receptors located on heart muscle cells

24, What changes of heart function did you observe after infusion of adrenaline after
propranolol?

b) force of contraction was the same as before both substance infusion

c) heart rate was the same as before both substance infusion
 d) heart rate increased more than due to adrenaline alone
e) force of contraction increased more than due to adrenaline alone

g) force of contraction was the same as for adrenaline alone

h) heart rate was the same as to adrenaline alone

25. What from below explains the effect on the heart muscle of adrenaline after
propranolol infusion?

a) propranolol binds to receptors which are not located in the heart

c) propranolol stimulates parasympathetic nervous system which opposes the effect of

adrenaline
d) propranolol decreases sympathetic effect on heart muscle

26. What from mentioned below is correct about pupillary reflex to light?

c) afferent part of reflex arch is made by oculomotor nerve

d) reflex realizes through spinal cord

27, What from mentioned below is correct about direct light reflex?

a) it causes dilatation of opposite pupil

c) itis lost if crossed optic nerve fibers are cut

28. What from mentioned below is correct about indirect light reflex?

a) it causes dilatation of ipsilateral (the same side) pupil

d) it realizes through the ipsilateral midbrain

29, What from mentioned below is correct about pupillary reflex due to
accommodation?

b) it causes dilatation of pupil if looking at object close to eye

d) itis lost if crossed optic nerve fibers are cut

30. What from mentioned below is correct about pupillary reflex due to convergence?

a) pupil reaction is necessary for spherical aberration correction

c) it causes dilalation of pupils if object is moved closer to eyes

d) eyeballs turn is necessary for clear vision from close objects
1. Which of these effects are caused by sympathetic nervous system?
a. contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
b. male erection
c. stimulation
of lipolysis
d. constriction of pupils
€. eee Ie SRL

2. Which of these effects ARE NOT caused by sympathetic nervous system?

.
c. stimulation of lipolysis
d.
e. increase in heart contractility

3. What is correct about the lower motor neuron damage?

it is observed in damage of primary motor cortical area
op

it leads to lower muscle tone in the innervated muscle

it leads to spastic paralysis
ono

it leads to hyperactive reflexes in the innervated muscle

4, Which of mentioned are not parasympathetic effects in the body?

c. dilation of coronary arterioles

d. constriction of bronchi

5. Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor mimetic drugs can decrease norepinephrine release

from sympathetic nerve fiber varicosities.
a. [ERIE
b. False

6. Beta 2 adrenergic receptors blockers dilate pupils.

a. True
b. False
7. In which case sympathetic nervous system uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter
for activation of effector organ?

a. Skeletal muscles fibers

b. Salivary glands
c. Pupillary muscle cells
d. Cardiac muscle cells
€.

8. Match the effect with particular type of adrenergic receptor in effector organ!
located on smooth muscle cells in bronchi — Beta2
>

b cause relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels — Beta 2

c causes contraction of bladder sphincter muscle —
d stimulates platelet aggregation —
e. predominant receptor in adipose tissues a
f. Stimulate IP3 and DAG production
8g Presynaptic receptor in adrenergic synapse that stimulates norepinephrine
release —
h Causes contraction of smooth muscles in arterioles — Alpha 1
i increase contraction force of heart muscle — ??
j. Decrease release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic membrane — Alpha 2

9, What is the main hormone that is released from adrenal medulla?

a, Epinephrine

10. Which centers of the central nervous system belong to the middle level of motor
hierarchy?
oR

spinal cord motor neurons

rena motor area of the cortex
ono

11.Which is the main neurotransmitter that is released from preganglionic neuron in the
intramural ganglion?
acetylcholine
monoge

epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine
gamma-aminobutyric acid
glutamate
12. Which cranial nerves contain autonomic nerve fibers?
cranial nerve I
oS
ao cranial nerve II

cranial nerve IV
cranial nerve V
aoe he

cranial nerve VI

cranial nerve VIII

cranial nerve XI
mR

cranial nerve XII

13. What the second messenger system activation triggers smooth muscle contraction in
the bladder internal sphincter?
a. cGMP

‘i
b. troponin
C. cAMP

e.

14. Stimulation of M-cholinoreceptors increases gastric juice secretion.

N-cholinoreceptors drug will increase impulse transmission in
autonomic ganglia. USe of eye drops which contain M-Cholinoblockers
lead to of eye pupils .

15. What are parasympathetic effects in the body?

a. Decreased platelet aggregation
a. constriction of coronary arterioles

decrease of glycogenolysis

16. Which centers of the central nervous system belong to_the lower level of motor
hierarchy?

c. cerebellum
d. tertiary motor area of cortex
€. primary motor area in the cerebral cortex
17. where can be the lower centers of the — nervous system located?

c. inthe hypothalamus
d. medulla oblongata
e. insacral segments of the spinal cord

18. What would be immediate effects of the spinal cord transection at the level of 12Th
thoracic segments?
a. inability to breathe
b. loss of stretch reflexes realized through segments above the transection site

e. increased muscle tone below the transection site

19, About which nervous system is each of the statements.

B group nerve fibers transmit signals in efferent part —
Autonomic ganglia are close or in the wall of effector organ >
oP

Each ae fiber diverge to more than 10 postganglionic neurons -

efferent neuron transmits signal from spinal cord to the effector —

° 2

in synapse with the effector acetylcholine activates N.cholinoreceptors —

20. What is correct about the upper motor neuron damage?

b. it leads to lower muscle tone in the innervated muscle

d. it leads to atrophy of the innervated muscle

21. In motor hierarchy signals which trigger voluntary movements are sent through
extrapyramidal descending tracts?
a. true

22. What are parasympathetic effects in the body?

a. decrease of cee

c. decreased : aggregation

e. constriction of coronary arterioles