‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻝ ‪Piping‬‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )‪:(PIPE‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ‪ /‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ /‬ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ /‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ /‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ /‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ‪ /‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ /‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫”‪1/4‬‬ ‫”‪3/8‬‬ ‫”½‬ ‫”‪3/4‬‬ ‫”‪1‬‬ ‫”¼ ‪1‬‬ ‫”½ ‪1‬‬ ‫”‪2‬‬ ‫”½ ‪2‬‬ ‫”‪3‬‬ ‫”½ ‪3‬‬ ‫”‪4‬‬ ‫”‪5‬‬ ‫”‪6‬‬ ‫”‪8‬‬ ‫”‪10‬‬ ‫”‪12‬‬ ‫”‪14‬‬ ‫”‪16‬‬ ‫‪+2‬‬

‫‪13.72‬‬ ‫‪17.15‬‬ ‫‪21.34‬‬ ‫‪26.67‬‬ ‫‪33.40‬‬ ‫‪42.16‬‬ ‫‪48.26‬‬ ‫‪60.33‬‬ ‫‪73.03‬‬ ‫‪88.90‬‬ ‫‪101.60‬‬ ‫‪114.30‬‬ ‫‪141.30‬‬ ‫‪168.28‬‬ ‫‪219.08‬‬ ‫‪273.05‬‬ ‫‪323.85‬‬ ‫‪355.60‬‬ ‫‪406.40‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ‪ 5‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ‪ OD‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ‪ 12‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎ ‪ NPS‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ‪ 12‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ‪ NPS‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ‪ Bore‬ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ NPS‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ‪ OD‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ‪ ID‬ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ‪ Schedule‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪5, 10, 20, 30, 40, STD, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, XS, XXS‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Stainless Steel‬ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ‪ Sch.‬ﺣﺮﻑ ‪ S‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.5S, 10S, 40S, 80S‬‬

‫ّﺺ ‪ STD‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ‪ Standard‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨ ﻩ‬

‫ّﺺ ‪ XS‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ‪ Extra Strong‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨ ﻩ‬

‫ّﺺ ‪ XXS‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ‪ Extra Extra Strong‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨ ﻩ‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪Fe + (2 ~ 6 %) C‬‬ ‫‪Cast Iron‬‬

‫‪Normal‬‬ ‫‪Carbon Steel‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ‪ Ni, Cr‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ‬
‫‪Alloy Steel‬‬
‫‪Fe +‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ )‪ ، (Strength‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Steel‬‬
‫‪(Max 1.95 %) C‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ Cr ≥ 10.5% ،‬ﻭ ‪ C.A ~ 0‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪Stainless Steel‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﻣ َ‬ ‫)‪Super Steel (Dublex‬‬ ‫‪Metallic‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪Ni, Cr, Mo, V, Ti, Al, Cu‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫‪Monel‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ‪ . ... ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪Inconel‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ‪Corrosion Allowance‬‬ ‫‪Incoloy‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﻈﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ‬ ‫‪Hasteloy‬‬

‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺨﺘﻲ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Carpenter‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬

‫‪Glass Reinforced Polyester‬‬ ‫‪GRP‬‬

‫)… ‪Reinforcement (Polyester, Epoxy, Styrene, Forum,‬‬
‫‪Glass Reinforced Epoxy‬‬ ‫‪GRE‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(Fiberglass, Resin‬‬ ‫‪Reinforced Thermosetting‬‬
‫‪RTRP‬‬ ‫‪Thermosetting‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺉ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪Resin‬‬
‫‪RTRE‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺍ‬
‫‪RTRV‬‬
‫‪Non Metallic‬‬
‫‪Poly Ethylene‬‬ ‫‪PE‬‬
‫‪Propylene‬‬ ‫‪PP‬‬
‫‪Poly Tetra Flour Ethylene‬‬ ‫‪PFTE‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫‪EPDM‬‬ ‫‪Thermoplastic‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺁﻻﺕ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫‪PVC‬‬
‫‪CPVC‬‬
‫‪UPVC‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ‪Corrosion Allowance = Corrosion + Erosion + Abrasion‬‬

‫‪0 < C.A < 6 mm‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪ Piping‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ C.A‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 0‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ‪ ، C.A‬ﺑﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ‪ Fix‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ‪ C.A‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ Corrosion Inhibitor‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ‪ Passive‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ )ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ )‪ Lining (FBE, PTFE, Cement, Glass Line, Lead Line‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Glass Line -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ‪ Lead Line‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ‪:ASTM‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ A‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ A105, A106, A333‬ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ B,C,D,E‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ( ﻣﺜﻞ ‪.B162, B333‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ Note 57, 59 ASME B31.3 Appendix A, Table A1‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻴﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪Class‬‬ ‫‪Material‬‬ ‫‪Remarks‬‬

‫‪A 53‬‬ ‫‪C.S‬‬ ‫‪Normal‬‬
‫‪A 106‬‬ ‫‪C.S‬‬ ‫‪High Temperature‬‬
‫‪A 333‬‬ ‫‪LTCS‬‬ ‫‪Low Temperature Carbon Steel‬‬
‫‪A 335‬‬ ‫‪A.S‬‬ ‫‪(Alloy Steel), for high temp services like HP Steam , above 420oC‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪A 312‬‬ ‫‪S.S‬‬ ‫‪Stainless Steel‬‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻔﻈﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ‪ Grade‬ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪Class‬‬ ‫‪Grade‬‬ ‫‪Remarks‬‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫‪A 53‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪C‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 A
A 106 B Y.S 35000 PSI
C Y.S 40000 PSI
1
3 For service with -100oC temp.
A 333
6 For service with -45oC temp.
8
P1 ½ Mo
A 335 P11 1 ¼ Cr + ½ Mo
P22 2 ¼ Cr + 1 Mo Expensive Mat.
304 Cr + Ni
316 Cr + Ni + Mo
A 312
321 Cr + Ni + Ti
347 Cr + Ni + Co Expensive Mat.

‫ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬API ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ASTM ‫ﺑﺠﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

:‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬

Yield Strength
Grade API 5L Gr. ……….
(PSI)
API 5L ~ A 381
A25
API 5L Gr. B ≡ ASTM A106 Gr. B
A
.‫ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‬Y.S ‫ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ‬A106
B 35000
X42 42000
X46 46000
X52 52000
X56 56000
X60 60000
X65 65000
X70 70000
X80 80000

4
 ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ API‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ‪ Grade‬ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ َﻻ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪) :‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ(‬

‫‪2 cm‬‬ ‫‪1 cm‬‬

‫‪T, P‬‬ ‫‪T, P‬‬

‫‪X 52‬‬ ‫‪X 65‬‬

‫‪1000 $/kg‬‬ ‫‪1100 $/kg‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪PD‬‬
‫)‪t = 2 (PY + SE‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪t = Thickness‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪P= Pressure‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ‪D= Diameter‬‬
‫)ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ َﺍ ‪ ، 0.4‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ 20‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑ ‪ 304‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﻨﺪﺑﻮﻙ( ‪Y = Y Coefficient‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ )‪S = Sa ≈ Y.S% (Allowance Stress‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪E = Ej = Weld joint Efficiency‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Welded‬ﻭ ‪ Seamless‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﭙﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ‪ Seamless‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ َﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Welded‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎَ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Welded‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ”‪ 6‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺯ )‪:(Seamless‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪1‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎ ”‪ 48‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ َﻻ ﺑﻴﻦ ”‪ 32”~36‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ”‪ 18”~20‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﺔ ﺩﺭﺯﺩﺍﺭ )‪:(Welded‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻚ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ‪) Uing‬ﻳﻮﺍﻳﻨﮓ( ﻭ ‪) Oing‬ﺍﻭﻳﻨﮓ( ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ (Straight Seam‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪2‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵ ‪:Spiral (Helical) Seam‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﺎﺑﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪3‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ Trimmer‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺯ ﻣﺨﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪ P‬ﻭ ‪ T‬ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺭﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Ej = 1 ، Seamless‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Welded‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ )‪ ، EFW(Electric Fusion Weld‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ‪Table A1.13 ، ASMEB31.3‬‬
‫‪ Ej = 0.95‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ EFW) .‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪(SAW, GTAW, GMAW‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Welded‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ )‪ ، ERW(Electric Resistance Weld‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ‪Table A1.13 ، ASMEB31.3‬‬
‫‪ Ej = 0.85‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ A333‬ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻭﺏ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬

‫)‪ Threaded (THR, TH‬ﺭﺯﻭﻩ ﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫)‪Threaded (THR‬‬
‫”½ ‪½” ~ 1‬‬
‫)‪ Plain End (PE‬ﺗﺨﺖ‬ ‫)‪Socket Weld (SW‬‬
‫‪2” and Abowe‬‬ ‫)‪ Beveled End (BE‬ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫)‪Butt Weld (BW‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASME B16.25‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ‪) Bevel‬ﭘﺦ( ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫‪Single Random Length‬‬ ‫‪SRL‬‬ ‫‪5 ~ 7.5 m‬‬ ‫‪6 m ± 5cm‬‬ ‫”½ ‪½” ~ 1‬‬
‫‪Double Random Length‬‬ ‫‪DRL‬‬ ‫‪10 ~ 13 m‬‬ ‫‪12 m ± 10cm‬‬ ‫‪2” and above‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ DRL‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1.5m‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ %12‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ %15‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻃﻲ ‪) Specification‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ( ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﺍ ‪ Bore‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻔﺮ‬
‫‪Lining‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪ PTFE‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻔﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Orbital‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫‪Cladding‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪Nickel, Inconel‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﺗﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Under Ground‬ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫‪Coating‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫‪Cement‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ‬
‫‪Galvanize‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻴﺰﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ API 5L‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪.Carbon Steel‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪ ASME B 36.10m – ASTM‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Carbon Steel‬ﻭ ‪.Alloy Steel‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪ ASME B 36.19m – ASTM‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪.Stainless Steel‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬

‫)ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ )‪:(FITTINGS‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ‪ /‬ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ /‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ /‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ ، Rating, Class) /‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ( ‪ /‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬

‫‪45o long‬‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮ ‪ 45‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ )ﺑﻠﻨﺪ(‬ ‫‪BW‬‬ ‫‪ASME B 16.9‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪radius elbow‬‬

‫‪45o elbow‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮ ‪ 45‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫‪THR‬‬ ‫‪ASME B 16.11‬‬

‫‪45o elbow‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮ ‪ 45‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫‪SW‬‬ ‫‪ASME B 16.11‬‬

‫‪90o long‬‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ )ﺑﻠﻨﺪ(‬ ‫‪BW‬‬ ‫‪ASME B 16.9‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪radius elbow‬‬

‫‪90o short‬‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ )ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ(‬ ‫‪BW‬‬ ‫‪ASME B 16.28‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪radius elbow‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 90o ‫ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬90 ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

90o Street elbow

P P
‫ﭼﭙﻘﻲ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

90o elbow
P P
‫ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬90 ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮ‬ SW ASME B 16.11

180o longradius (‫ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ )ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬180 ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‬ BW ASME B 16.9

P P

returns

180o short ‫ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬180 ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‬

BW ASME B 16.28
P P

radius returns (‫)ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬

Equal Tee ‫ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ‬ BW ASME B 16.9

Tee ‫ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

9
 Tee
elbow ‫ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ‬ SW ASME B 16.11

Reducing Tee ‫ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ BW ASME B 16.9

Cross ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

Cross ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ‬ SW ASME B 16.11

Cap ‫ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ‬ BW ASME B 16.9

Cap ‫ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

Cap ‫ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ‬ SW ASME B 16.11

10
 Plug ‫ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ‬ THR ASME B1.20.1

Hex Head Bushing ‫ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ THR ASME B1.20.1

Conentric Reducer ‫ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ BW ASME B 16.9

Eccentric Reducer ‫ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ BW ASME B 16.9

Female-male ‫ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

Reducer

Reducer Insert SW ASME B 16.11

Collet / lap joint ASME B 16.9

- BW
" Stub End " MSS-SP 43

11
 Full Coupling ‫ﺑﻮﺷﻦ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

Half Coupling ‫ﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺷﻦ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

Reducing ‫ﺑﻮﺷﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ THR ASME B 16.11

Coupling

Full Coupling ‫ﺑﻮﺷﻦ‬ SW ASME B 16.11

Half Coupling ‫ﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺷﻦ‬ SW ASME B 16.11

Reducing ‫ﺑﻮﺷﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ SW ASME B 16.11

Coupling

Reducing ‫ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ THR BS 3799

Hexagonal Nipple

12
Hexagonal Nipple ‫ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬ THR BS 3799

Nipple ‫ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬ SW
ASME B 16.11
THR

Swedge Nipple - THR ASME B1.20.1

Union ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﻩ‬ THR ASME B1.20.1

female-female

Union (‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﻩ )ﻧﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ THR ASME B1.20.1

male-female

Union elbow - THR ASME B1.20.1

Union tee - THR ASME B1.20.1

13
 Union ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﻩ‬ SW ASME B 16.11

Welding Boss - THR ASME B1.20.1

Welding Boss SW ASME B 16.11

Weldolet BW ASME B 16.25

Sockolet SW ASME B 16.11

Threadolet THR ASME B1.20.1

BW
Laterolet SW ASME B 16.11
THR

14
 ‫‪BW‬‬
‫‪Elbowlet‬‬ ‫‪SW‬‬ ‫‪ASME B 16.11‬‬
‫‪THR‬‬

‫‪SW‬‬
‫‪Nippolet‬‬ ‫‪ASME B 16.11‬‬
‫‪THR‬‬

‫‪SW‬‬
‫‪Flangolet‬‬ ‫‪ASME B 16.11‬‬
‫‪THR‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎ ‪ Rating‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪ Schedule‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮﺁﻻﺕ )‪:(Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ‪ /‬ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ /‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ /‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ ، Rating, Class) /‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ( ‪ /‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﺁﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ )… ‪ ، (ON/OFF , Regulating,‬ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ) ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ (Forged‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ ((Casting‬ﻭ ‪ . ...‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺷﻴﺮﺁﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪- 1‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪:(ON/OFF‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﺁﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ‪ Actuator‬ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ LBV (Long Break Valve), ESDV (Emergency Shut Down Valve), ON/OFF, Shut Off‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬

‫)‪ MOV(Motor Operated Valve‬ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻫﺎﻳﻲ )‪ ، (Gate‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ )‪ (Ball‬ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻤﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ )‪ (Plug‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﻲ )‪:(Gate Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ON/OFF‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Forged‬ﻭ ‪ Cast‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻَ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺧﻄﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺁﺑﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ )‪ (Wheel‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ )‪ (Stem‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ )‪:(Ball Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ON/OFF‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Cast‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺁﺑﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻَ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ”‪ 56‬ﻭ ”‪ 64‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﻪ )‪(1 Piece Ball Valve‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ )‪(2 Piece Ball Valve‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﻪ )‪(3 Piece Ball Valve‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ )‪(Top Entry Ball Valve‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻤﺎﻭﺭﻱ )ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ( )‪:(Plug Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ON/OFF‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ Ball Valve‬ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﻀﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪- 2‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ )‪:(Regulating‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ Actuator‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ Control Valve‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ‪ Actuator‬ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Hydraulic ، Pneumatic‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ Electric‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫‪ Piping‬ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪ Interlock‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Double block & Bled‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ‪ Package‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Regulating‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Butterfly‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺑﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ Rating‬ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪600#‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻲ )‪ ، (Globe‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻳﻲ )‪ ، (Angle‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻲ )‪ ، (Butterfly‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ )‪ (Piston‬ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ )‪ (Needle‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻲ )‪:(Globe Valve‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Regulating‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺗﺤﺪﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Globe‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ )‪ (Wheel‬ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ )‪ (Stem‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻳﻲ )‪:(Angle Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Regulating‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺗﺤﺪﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Globe‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ )‪ (Wheel‬ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ )‪ (Stem‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻲ )‪:(Butterfly Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Regulating‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺗﺤﺪﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Globe‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ )‪ (Wheel‬ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ )‪ (Stem‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ )‪:(Piston Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Regulating‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺗﺤﺪﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Globe‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ )‪ (Wheel‬ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ )‪ (Stem‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ )‪:(Needle Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Regulating‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺗﺤﺪﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Globe‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ )‪ (Wheel‬ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ )‪ (Stem‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪- 3‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ )‪:(Non Return‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ )‪ (Check‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪- 4‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ )‪:(Safety‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻼ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ، (PSV‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ )‪ ، (TSV‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻼء ))‪ (Vacuum Breaker (Breathing‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪- 5‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻦ )‪:(High Pressure Drop‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻦ )‪ (Chock‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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