CATCH-UP FRIDAYS TEACHING GUIDE

I. General Overview

Catch-up Subject: Reading Subject Science 6

Reading Activity Duration: 55 mins

Date: March 15, 2024 Time: (schedule as per existing
Class Program)
II. Session Details

Session Title: Exploring Simple Machines Through Reading

Session 1. Understand the concept of simple machines and their characteristics.

Objectives: 2. Identify different types of simple machines and their uses.
3. Integrate reading comprehension skills with hands-on learning by
manipulating simple machines.

MELC SCI6 Q3 W7 - Manipulate simple machines to describe their

characteristics and uses.
References: K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Materials: - - Books, articles, or online resources about simple machines

- Examples of simple machines (lever, pulley, inclined plane, wheel and axle,
screw, wedge)
- Chart paper and markers
- Worksheets or handouts related to simple machines

III. Facilitation Strategies

Components Duration Activities

- Welcome students and introduce the topic of simple
machines.
- Conduct a brief discussion to assess students' prior
Preparation and
5 mins knowledge about simple machines and their uses.
Settling In
- Set the context for the reading activity by explaining the
importance of understanding simple machines in everyday
life.
Dialogue Reading

Dedicated 1. The Gear Mechanism

25 mins
Reading Time 2. The Screw Thread
3. The Hydraulic System

Progress 15 mins - Conduct a reflection on the reading material. Ask students

Monitoring to share key points they have learned about simple
Through machines.
Reflection and - Introduce examples of simple machines and their
Sharing applications. Discuss characteristics and uses of each type
of simple machine.
- Engage students in a discussion about real-life examples
where simple machines are used to make work easier.

If feasible:

Page 1 of 6
 CATCH-UP FRIDAYS TEACHING GUIDE

Hands-on Activity: Simple Machine Manipulation

- Provide examples of simple machines for students to
manipulate and explore hands-on.
- Encourage students to describe the characteristics of each
simple machine and discuss its uses.
- Facilitate group discussions where students can share
their observations and insights about simple machines.
- Summarize the key concepts discussed during the session,
emphasizing the importance of understanding simple
machines in daily life.
- Assign a follow-up activity or project related to simple
Wrap Up 10 mins
machines, such as designing and building a simple machine
model.
- Provide feedback and reinforcement to students for their
participation and engagement in the lesson.
Additional Notes:
- Ensure that reading materials are age-appropriate and aligned with the students' reading levels.
- Encourage active participation and collaboration among students during the hands-on activity.
- Allow students to explore and experiment with simple machines to enhance their understanding and
retention of the concepts.
- Emphasize the practical applications of simple machines to engage students in the learning process.

Prepared By:

YOUR NAME
Teacher I

Recommending Approval: Approved:

MT’S NAME PRINCPAL’S NAME

Master Teacher I School Head

Page 2 of 6
 CATCH-UP FRIDAYS TEACHING GUIDE

The Gear Mechanism

[Scene: A robotics lab where students are working on assembling a gear
mechanism.]
Needed Dialogue Readers: 6 (5 students, and David)

Student 1: Hey, David, what are we building here?

David: We're building a gear mechanism to understand how gears work and their
applications in machinery.

Student 2: How do gears function as simple machines?

David: Gears are toothed wheels that mesh with each other. When one gear turns,
it transfers motion and force to the other gears, allowing us to control speed,
direction, and torque.

Student 3: Can you explain the difference between spur gears and bevel gears?

David: Spur gears have teeth that are parallel to the axis of rotation, while bevel
gears have teeth that are angled. Spur gears are used for transferring motion
between parallel shafts, while bevel gears are used for changing the direction of
motion between intersecting shafts.

Student 4: Are there different gear ratios, and how do they affect the operation of
machines?

David: Yes, there are different gear ratios determined by the number of teeth on
each gear. Higher gear ratios provide more torque but less speed, while lower gear
ratios provide more speed but less torque.

Student 5: How do we calculate gear ratios in a gear mechanism?

David: Gear ratio is calculated by dividing the number of teeth on the driven gear
by the number of teeth on the driving gear.

Questions:
1. What are the students building in the robotics lab?
2. How do gears function as simple machines?
3. What is the difference between spur gears and bevel gears?
4. How do different gear ratios affect the operation of machines?
5. How do we calculate gear ratios in a gear mechanism?

Answers:
1. The students are building a gear mechanism in the robotics lab.
2. Gears function as simple machines by transferring motion and force when one gear turns, allowing
control over speed, direction, and torque.
3. Spur gears have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation and are used for transferring motion between
parallel shafts, while bevel gears have angled teeth and are used for changing the direction of motion
between intersecting shafts.
4. Different gear ratios affect the operation of machines by determining the trade-off between speed
and torque. Higher gear ratios provide more torque but less speed, while lower gear ratios provide
more speed but less torque.

Page 3 of 6
 CATCH-UP FRIDAYS TEACHING GUIDE

5. Gear ratio is calculated by dividing the number of teeth on the driven gear by the number of teeth
on the driving gear.

The Screw Thread

[Scene: A mechanical engineering lab where students are examining different types
of screws.]
Needed Dialogue Readers: 6 (5 students and Emily)

Student 1: What are we studying today, Emily?

Emily: We're studying screws and their thread designs to understand how they
function as simple machines.

Student 2: How do screws work as simple machines?

Emily: Screws convert rotational motion into linear motion. When you turn a screw
clockwise, it moves forward along its axis, allowing us to hold objects together or
lift loads.

Student 3: Can you explain the difference between coarse threads and fine
threads?

Emily: Coarse threads have a larger pitch and are used for fastening applications
where speed and quick assembly are important. Fine threads have a smaller pitch
and provide better holding power and precision in applications requiring tight fits.

Student 4: Are there different types of screw heads, and what are their uses?

Emily: Yes, there are various screw heads such as flat, Phillips, hex, and Torx.
Each type has its own advantages and is used in specific applications depending on
torque requirements and accessibility.

Student 5: How do we determine the mechanical advantage of a screw?

Emily: The mechanical advantage of a screw is determined by dividing the

circumference of the screw thread by the pitch of the thread.

Questions:
1. What are the students studying in the mechanical engineering lab?
2. How do screws work as simple machines?
3. What is the difference between coarse threads and fine threads?
4. Are there different types of screw heads, and what are their uses?
5. How do we determine the mechanical advantage of a screw?

Answers:
1. The students are studying screws and their thread designs in the mechanical engineering lab.
2. Screws work as simple machines by converting rotational motion into linear motion, allowing us to
hold objects together or lift loads.
3. Coarse threads have a larger pitch and are used for fastening applications where speed and quick
assembly are important, while fine threads have a smaller pitch and provide better holding power and
precision.
4. There are various screw heads such as flat, Phillips, hex, and Torx, each used in specific
applications depending on torque requirements and accessibility.
5. The mechanical advantage of a screw is determined by dividing the circumference of the screw
thread by the pitch of the thread.

Page 4 of 6
 CATCH-UP FRIDAYS TEACHING GUIDE

The Hydraulic System

[Scene: A workshop where students are assembling a hydraulic system.]
Needed Dialogue Readers: 6 (5 students and Jayson)

Student 1: Hey, Jason, what are we working on here?

Jason: We're assembling a hydraulic system to understand how hydraulic power is

used in various applications.

Student 2: How does a hydraulic system work?

Jason: A hydraulic system uses a liquid, usually oil, to transmit force from one
point to another. When force is applied to one piston, it creates pressure in the
fluid, which is then transmitted to another piston, allowing us to lift heavy objects
or perform precise movements.

Student 3: Can you explain the difference between a hydraulic system and a
pneumatic system?

Jason: Sure! Both systems use fluids to transmit force, but a hydraulic system
uses liquids, while a pneumatic system uses gases like air. Hydraulic systems are
generally used for heavy-duty applications requiring high forces, while pneumatic
systems are used for lighter loads and faster movements.

Student 4: What are some common uses of hydraulic systems?

Jason: Hydraulic systems are used in various applications such as car brakes,
construction equipment like cranes and excavators, and hydraulic presses for
manufacturing.

Student 5: How do we calculate the mechanical advantage of a hydraulic system?

Jason: The mechanical advantage of a hydraulic system is calculated by dividing

the force exerted on the larger piston by the force exerted on the smaller piston.

Questions:
1. What are the students assembling in the workshop?
2. How does a hydraulic system work?
3. What is the difference between a hydraulic system and a pneumatic system?
4. What are some common uses of hydraulic systems?
5. How do we calculate the mechanical advantage of a hydraulic system?

Answers:
1. The students are assembling a hydraulic system in the workshop.
2. A hydraulic system uses a liquid to transmit force from one point to another, allowing us to lift
heavy objects or perform precise movements.
3. A hydraulic system uses liquids, usually oil, to transmit force, while a pneumatic system uses
gases like air. Hydraulic systems are used for heavy-duty applications, while pneumatic systems are
used for lighter loads and faster movements.
4. Hydraulic systems are used in various applications such as car brakes, construction equipment
like cranes and excavators, and hydraulic presses for manufacturing.

Page 5 of 6
 CATCH-UP FRIDAYS TEACHING GUIDE

5. The mechanical advantage of a hydraulic system is calculated by dividing the force exerted on the
larger piston by the force exerted on the smaller piston.

Page 6 of 6