Pair Of Linear Equations In Two Variables of Class 10

1. The equation of the form ax = b or ax + b = 0, where a and b are two real numbers such that x ≠ 0
and x is a variable is called a inear equation in one variable.

2. The general form of a linear equation in two variables is ax + by +c = 0 or ax + by = c where a, b, c

are real numbers and a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0 and x, y are variables.

3. The graph of a linear equation in two variables is a straight line.

4. The graph of a linear equation in one variable is a straight line parallel to x-axis for ay = b and
parallel to y-axis for ax = b, where a ≠ 0.

5. A pair of linear equations in two variables is said to form a system of simultaneous linear
equations.

6. The value of the variable x and y satisfying each one of the equations in a given system of linear
equations in x and y simultaneously is called a solution of the system.

Standard form of linear equation:

(Standard form refers to all positive coefficient)

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ....(i)

a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ....(ii)

For solving such equations we have three methods.

(i) Elimination by substitution

(ii) Elimination by equating the coefficients

(iii) Elimination by cross multiplication.

ELIMINATION BY SUBSTITUTION:

(Find the value of any one variable in terms of other and then use it to find other variable from the
second equation):

Linear Equations In Two Variables

question 1. Solve x + 4y = 14 .....(i)

7x - 3y = 5 ....(ii)

Solution: From equation (i) x = 14 - 4y ....(iii)

Substitute the value of x in equation (ii)

⇒ 7 (14 - 4y) - 3y = 5

⇒ 98 - 28y - 3y = 5

⇒ 98 - 31y = 5

⇒ 93 = 31y

⇒ y = 93/31

⇒y=3

Now substitute value of y in equation (iii)

⇒ 7x - 3 (3) = 5

⇒ 7x - 3 (3) = 5
⇒ 7x = 14

⇒ x = 14/7 = 2

So the solution is x = 2 and y = 3

ELIMINATION BY EQUATING THE COEFFICIENTS:

(Eliminating One variable by making the coefficient equal to get the value of one variable and then
put it in any equation to find other variable):

Linear Equations In Two Variables

question 1. Solve 9x - 4y = 8 ...(i)

13x + 7y = 101 ...(ii)

Solution: Multiply equation (i) by 7 and equation (ii) by 4, we get

adding 63x – 28y = 56

52x + 28y = 404

115x = 460

⇒ .x = 460/115

⇒x=4

Substitute x = 4 in equation (i)

9 (4) –0 4y = 8 ⇒ 36 – 8 = 4y ⇒ 28 = 4y

⇒ y = 28/4 = 7

So the solution is x = 4 and y = 7.

COMPARISON METHOD:

(Find the value of one variable from both the equation and equate them to get the value of other
variable):

Let any pair of linear equations in two variables is of the form

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 .........(i)

a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 .....…(ii)