Introduction

10 Grade
On Zamback: 28-36
On Erlangga: 17-19
On Cambridge 21-27
Did you remember the
definition of chemistry?
The branch of science that deals with the identification of the
substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of
their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine,
and change; and the use of these processes to form new
substances.

How about “matter”?

Matter is simply everything. Matter has mass and occupies
volume
State of Matter
Solid
Solid substances have a definite
volume and shape.
Liquid
Liquids have definite volume, but
no definite shape.
Gas
Gases have no definite volume
and no definite shape.
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Pure Substances
Pure substances are elements and compounds. They have only
one type of particle in their structure.
1. Elements contain only one type of particle (the atom)
2. When elements react with each other, they produce
compounds.
Classification of Matter
Ionic
Compounds

Inorganic Molecular
Compounds Compounds

Acid Compounds
Compounds
Acyclic
Organic Compounds
Compounds Cyclic
Compounds
Classification of Matter

Prefix:
1 = mono
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra
5 = pent
 Example

Ionic
MgCl2
Compounds
Magnesium + Chlorine + ide Magnesium
Chloride

Ionic
Al2O3
Compounds
Aluminum + Oxygen + ide Aluminum
Oxide
 Example

3+ -
Ionic
Compounds
FeCl3 Fe + 3Cl
Iron(III) Chloride

Ionic 2+ 2-
Compounds FeO Fe + O
Iron (II) Oxide
 Example

Molecular
CO2
Compounds
Carbon + di + Oxygen + ide Carbon
Dioxide

Molecular
N 2 O4
Compounds
Di + Nitrogen + Tetra + Oxygen + ide Dinitrogen
Tetroxide
 Example

Binary
HBr
Compounds
Hydro + Bromine + ic + Acid Hydrobromic
Acid

Oxyacid + 2-
Compounds H2SO4 2H + SO4
Sulfuric ion

Sulfuric Acid
 Example
Organic
Compounds

CH4 C2H5OH
Methane Ethanol Cyclohexane
Classification of Matter
Mixtures (Impure Substances)
Mixture are combinations of two or more pure substances.
Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Unlike
compounds, mixture can be separated into their parts
(components) by using physical methods.
Chemical Equations

Coefficients = number of molecules or elements

Subscript = number of atom in one molecule
Example

Reactants = CO2 and H2O

Products = C6H12O6 and O2
The number of CO2 = 6
The number of H2O = 6
The number of C6H12O6 = 1
The number of O2 = 6
The state of CO2 = gas
The state of H2O = liquid
The state of C6H12O6 = solid
The state of O2 = gas
The number of atom C in C6H12O6 = 6
The number of atom O in C6H12O6 = 6
The number of atom H in C6H12O6 = 12