ENGLISH 9

3rd
Quarter
Week 7

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Division of Surigao del Sur
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 Competency: Judge the validity of the evidence listened to
(EN9LC- IVh-2.15)

Objectives: At the end of the week, you shall have:

o identified statements as direct or indirect evidence;
o Interpreted claims based on the validity of evidence; and
o valued the importance of valid evidences in making and
taking claims.

Learner’s Tasks

Lesson Overview

Take a moment to reflect on the various opportunities on

determining the validity, accuracy and truthfulness of the information you
have received as you go about your daily routine. In doing so, you form
and communicate claims based on supporting information. Here lies your
argumentative skill. Whenever you reach a conclusion about something
based on reasons, whenever you challenge another person’s reasons or
conclusions, whenever you consider the benefits and drawbacks of
actions, you are engaging in argumentation.
Introduction to argumentation and essay. https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-
binaries/98851_Chapter_1_Introduction_to_Argumentation_and_Debate_from_Drury_Argumentation_in_Everyday_Life_1e.pdf

ARGUMENTATION is a type of discourse based on opposing views

that are supported by evidence. The word Argument is a 14th-century
French term that means statement and reasoning in support of a
proposition. (Webster). It can be a fact used as evidence to show that an
idea is acceptable, like a claim that the sun is the center of a solar system.
In other words, it is a dialogue that provides reasons backed by factual
evidence.
This lesson would be focusing on judging the validity of the evidence
in an argument. Now, let us identify the kinds of evidences used in an
argument.

Kinds of evidences
1. Direct Evidence- any piece of evidence that stands alone to prove
an argument.
Examples:
 If a witness says he saw the accused set fire to a building.

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 If a student saw the bully pushed his friend.

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 2. Indirect/Circumstantial Evidence – a set of facts that, when
taken together, lead to the desired conclusion.
Examples:
 If he saw the accused sneakily leaving the building just
before the fire broke out.
 If the student saw the bully run walked away from his friend
who is now on the ground.

Where can we get these pieces of evidence?

Yes, when we use evidence in your argument, be sure it comes from

a reliable source. Possible sources of evidence are newspapers,
magazines, official documents, historical papers, or statements made by
trustworthy public officials or private persons.

How about when citing a person’s statement as evidence, what should be

done?

We must be sure that the source is capable of giving the evidence,

that he/she has a reputation for honesty and accuracy, and that he/she
does not have pre-judgment.
Source: English Communication Arts & Skills through Anglo-American and Filipino Literature Unit Six Two Kinds of
Evidence pp. 408

How about with news? How do we check for the validity of the news
we read and hear via television, radio, and social media?

The best thing to do is look for the source. Is it real news? Or fake
news? In this age of technology, news spreads fast. When a story is big news, it
is often quick to spread. There is a lot of fake news coming around. But we
should be careful about sharing this news because we will be responsible
for that information.
Yes, we must always check for reliable sources cited in the news.

How can we easily identify whether we are reading real or fake news?

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 Here is another way to find evidence on a text. Remember to do these
things on how to find text evidence. You need to PROVE IT.

P – Passage/Paragraph/Page
R – Reference
O – Offer support
V – View of Author
E – Eye can see it
I – Inference
T – Text Feature

PASSAGE – the evidence must be found somewhere in the passage

(It could be in just one paragraph, several places throughout the passage,
sometimes the best supporting piece of evidence comes later in the text.)
REFERENCE – the specific location of the text
(It says in paragraph on page , that….)

OFFER SUPPORT – the connection between the question and the evidence
(I know because…/The reason I think is because .)
VIEW OF AUTHOR – provides the author’s perspective on the topic
(The author stated that…/.”For instance the author says…”)
EYES CAN SEE IT – something that is seen physically in the text
(In the text, it explicitly states…/ The text said….)
INFERENCE – be a reading detective; use clues from the text to figure
something not stated in the text
(I can infer from that .)
TEXT FEATURES – help the reader understand the text. Watch out for the titles,
headings, charts, tables, graphs, illustrations, etc.
(The illustration shows…/The graph showed…/Based on the
section…/According to the title…)
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/amyrose7/finding-text-evidence-to-support

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ACTIVITY 1
Read the statements below which are taken from the news article,
“His Name is Reynaldo Carcillar, The pedicab driver whose death has
sparked debate and introspection” by Bernard Testa of InterAksyon.com.
Determine the claims of the interviewees whether it’s Direct or Indirect
Evidence. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. In 2009, Carmencita said Reynaldo Carcillar , her husband has his first
heart attack. She told InterAksyon.com that he almost died in his sleep.
He is apparently dead for half an hour. Even wiithout proper training in
CPR, however, she instinctively and desperately pumped her husband’s
chest until he regained consciousness.

2. Jennifer Liro, wife of Carcillar’s nephew said that Carcillar didn’t

mention anything about his heart condition. He took a passenger who
was going to San Andres or Estrada. He seemed alright at that time.

3. But when he arrived in front of La Salle, a student noticed that he

was slumped on his pedicab and thought that he was drunk. Then a
security guard saw him and helped him. Barangay Tanod Perez, the
one who rushed Carcillar to the hospital, heard some pedicab drivers
shout that it was already his second stroke.

4. He guessed that the heat in the morning and afternoon, then the
rains in the evening, must have triggered it.

5. A security guard who witnessed the event said that he was inside
the Henry Sy building of De La Salle University along Taft Avenue
when he heard the radio alert about the motionless man on the
pavement in front of the north gate of the university. He and several of
his colleagues tried to help and give CPR because they have Red Cross
training but it was too late.
His Name is Reynaldo Carcillar, The pedicab driver whose death has sparked debate and n.
introspectio
A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature Learner’s Material, pp. 210-211

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Activity 2
This time, let us apply your knowledge on the validity of evidence in
each statement. Choose the best valid evidence for each claim given.
Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

Claim#1- Topic: Simple changes can cut your carbon emissions greatly.

A. I think that we need to do something quickly to help save

the environment.
B.If you hang your clothes outside on the clothesline instead of using
the electric dryer, you can cut your carbon emission by 351 lbs/year.
C. Kids can help parents by doing some household chores.

Claim# 2- Topic: Exercise is important for children’s growth and development.

A. Children watch too much television and gather information quickly.

B.Children love to ride their bikes outside and trails through the forest.
C. Active children will have stronger muscles and bones and will
live longer.

Claim # 3- Topic: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has many benefits.

A. Fruits and vegetables taste good especially when eaten regularly.

B.Eating lots of fruits and vegetables lowers your risk of heart disease.
C. Variety of fruits and vegetables are abundantly found in the country.

Claim # 4- Topic: Cigarette smoking is harmful to one’s health.

A. The mix of nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarettes boosts the

heart rate and blood pressure, causing strain on the heart and blood
vessels.
B.Cigarette smoke smells bad and that smell sticks to the hair strands and
clothes’ fabric.
C. Secondhand smoking is more dangerous because people who
inhale the cigarette smoke will be easily contaminated with toxic
Claim # 5-Topic: Bullying is a real problem in schools across the nation.

A. Bullied children suffer from negative experiences that can interfere

with their emotional and social health.
B.Surveys indicate that as many as half of all children are bullied at
some time during their school years.
C. Several actions need to be taken to stop bullying now!

https://www.pdesas.org/ContentWeb/Content/Content/19199/Lesson%20Plan

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Activity 3
Complete the research chart to come up with valid evidence to
support your claim on a chosen topic. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
Choose one from the following topics:
1. allow students to use mobile phones during class hours
2. allow teenagers to vote and to participate during elections
3. adjust the first period class time for school
4. allow only single-gender in schools
5. provision of the restroom for the LGBTQ members

Valid Evidence Chart

Topic:
Claim:
Evidence Source Validity

https://www.pdesas.org/ContentWeb/Content/Content/19199/Lesson%20Plan

Here is the Rubric for scoring the performance task.

Elements Excellent (5pts) Fair (3pts) Good (2pts)
Clear claim with Claim is clearly Claim and reasons Claims are
reasons stated and are clearly stated. not clearly
reasons are strong. stated.
Evidence Supports the claim Supports the claim Supports the claim
and reasons with and reasons with and reasons but
strong facts facts, details, and information is
through details citation. unclear.
and citation.
Mechanics No errors in 3-5 errors in 6 or more errors in
(Spelling and grammar and grammar and grammar and
Grammar) spelling. spelling. spelling.

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 Formative Assessment

Read carefully the statements below. Determine what is asked in each

item. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. These are evidences that stand alone to prove an argument.
A. Indirect B. Direct C. Circumstantial

2. These are facts that are taken together to lead a conclusion.

A. Indirect B. Direct C. Circumstantial

3. Which of the following is not an example of valid evidence?

A. facts
B.testimony from expert witnesses
C. third-hand information

4. Which of the following is not a way to find evidence from the text?
A. Look for clues from the text to figure something not stated in the text
B.Consider immediately personal judgment on the text
C. Examine the author’s perspective on the topic

5. Which of the following is a valid evidence of the claim below:

Cyberbullying is a big school problem
A. The author believes that school prevention programs should focus
on traditional bullying, but still include abuse sent by devices,
which offers new ways to humiliate students.
B. Survey says that electronic-based abuse has increased in schools
over the past five to six years.
C. Parents and teachers should pay attention to the students’ use of
social media to prevent cyberbullying.

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 ANSWER KEY

Activity 1
1.direct 2. Indirect 3. Direct 4. Indirect 5. Direct
Activity 2

1.B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B
Activity 3
Learners’ answers are expected to vary.

References

Pennsylvania Department of Education. 2020 “Evaluating Non Fiction”. Accessed

February 13, 2021.
https://www.pdesas.org/ContentWeb/Content/19199/Lesson%20Plan.

Study.com. 2020. “How to Analyze an Argument’s Effectiveness & Validity.”

Accessed February 13, 2021. https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-
worksheet- understanding-an-argument-s-effectiveness-validity.html

Lapid, Milagros G. and Josephine B. Serrano. 2014. English Communication Arts & Skills
through Anglo-American and Filipino Literature Unit Six: Two Kinds of
Evidence. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House.

Testa. “His Name is Reynaldo Carcillar, The pedicab driver whose death has
sparked debate and introspection”. A Journey Through Anglo-American
Literature Learner’s Material, pp. 210-211