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Quantumoscillations

Ifweputoursysteminto amagneticfieldtheenergystateswillshiftandsplitintodescreteLandaulever
aE hwifel wedm cyclotronfrequency
Additionally éwillgoincirclesenclosingan area A inrealspaceThereis atrivialconnection
tosurfacesin kspace
dk ehdr
Seth thTA
Wecan determinetheFermisurfacecrosssectionareabymeasuringtherealspaceorbitsByconsidering
themagneticfluxwegetaconnectionbetweensurfaceareaandBfield
I BA constantBfield

Wealsohavethatourfluxisquantized

In binthe
Thismeansthatstableorbitsinrealspacemustencloseareass t integermultiplesofIopassthrough

GenteBAEBS
S IfFantBn
SinceSeisprotectedwegetaconditionbetweenconsequtiveBn

S Itv Falin isnt


ThisisOnsagerrelationDuetothespacingoftheLandaulevels somemeasuredquantitiesoscillate

e oscillateinBdependence Wecanactuallyplotthemvs B determinethe


g resistivityorsusceptibility
frequencyu lor FT andthendetermineFermisurfaceFormulti bandscrossingFermilevelweget

multipleFermisurfaces hencemultiplefrequencies hence a beat s FTtodeterminefrequencies

Tobeabletomeasurewehavesomerequirementsduetoresolution
Aose explikeI emeanfreepath sgoodcrystallinity
two kit wecouldthermallyexcitebetweenLandaulevels
Wecanalsousethistemperaturedependencytodetermineeffectivemass m
LifshitzKose
witchfunction wet andWdm

Angleresolvedphotoemissionspectroscopy
Photoelectriceffecttoejectéandmeasuretheir
energyandmomentum

Eni hV E I LEAF
thatthiaminsin0 conservedduetosymmetry

suited
Techniquebetter for2Dmaterialsdueto flatsurfaceTheinteractioncanbedividedinto
threesteps

1Opticalexcitationof é inbulk
2Travelofé tosurfaceWeassumethisprocesshappensfastwithoutinteractions suddenapprox
Duetomeanfreepathlengthwe canonlyprobesurfacelayersThisiswhythedataisboomeranglike

way ssuddenapproxnotworking
Ygteengffatchee
tyg

electronenergy

3Escapeof éintovacuum UseconservationlawsofEandptomapdispersion


Themeasuredintensitywillbesmeareda bit
Ith w I.tk w Alf w Alli w
Teti II Enton

SpectralfunctionCarriestheinformationphysicsoftheprocessDependsonselfenergy

sickw EYEWINENW

ofaparticlewithenvironmentkindoflikeFeynmandiagrams
Describestheinteractions

Itis aresonancecurvewithdampenindFornointeraction Elkw 0 weget


a nondampedresonancecurve
Additionallywecandeterminetheeffectivemass

AlkWIaEmm
MatrixelementsDependonfactorslikeenergyconservationbutalsolightpolarizationFinalstateis

planewave even hencewe canselecttheorbitalwithpolarisation


at t t
mustbeoveralleven
am l y
Presentation

QuantumoscillationsduetoLandaulevelsplittingcausedbymagneticfield

Circularmotionof é isconnectedtoFermisurfacecrosssection

Duetosynchrofrequency fluxquantization Kprotection ofFermisurfacewe canconnect S sB

S I nm tn
Oscillationscanbesmall a
exp life
We kBT or thermalscanexcite é we a mt
ARPES usesphotoelectriceffecttomeasureEkinandk todeterminebandstructure
Ionizationhappensfastandwithoutcollitions ssuddenapprox

Duetoshortmeanfreepathonlysurface
Intensitymeasured is I Idk wAlf w Alk w
Spectralfunctioncarriesphysics oftheinteractionwithselfenergy interactionandso on
Ax Z men

Matrixelementallowsustoturnonoffbandswithpolarization

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