Translated from Macedonian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

com

1.. In the respiratory chain, the pumping of electrons into the space between two
mitochondrial membranes is NOT performed at the level of:COMPLEX 2

2.. The electrochemical gradient created by protein translocation is used by:ATR

SYNTHASE (COMPLEX 5)

3.. Ketogenesis takes place in:

a) the brain
b)Liver(hepatocytes)
c) erythrocytes

4.. Statins are preparations used for:

a) Regulation of glycemia
b) Regulation of lipid status
c) Reducing body weight

5.. According to the reaction it catalyzes, the ALT enzyme represents:

a) Dehydrogenase
b) Aminotransferase
c) Cyclooxygenase

6.. The transport of fatty acids with 14 and more carbon atoms in the mitochondria is:

a) Carnitine
b) Carnosine
c) Carotene
7.. During complete oxidation of glucose (in aerobic conditions) the net yield of
adenosine triphosphate is:

a) 2 moles per mole of glucose

b) 30 or 32 moles per mole of glucose
c) 108 moles per mole of glucose

8.. A after B100 apolipoprotein found in:

a) HDL particles
b) Chylomicrons
c) LDL particles

9.. In the process of oxidative deamination of glutamic acid is created:

a) Uric acid
b) Ammonia
c) Urea

10.. Free cholesterol is found within the lipoprotein particles

a) Only on the surface

b) Both on the surface and inside
c) Only in the interior

11.. In the cycle of citric acid, one of the products of metabolism is generated, namely:

a) Ammonia
b) Water
c) Carbon dioxide

12.. For complex 1 of the respiratory chain, the following statement is correct:
 a) It has an initial role in the process of apoptosis
b)It transfers 2 protons and 2 electrons from the reduced coenzyme NAD to
CoQ
c) At the level of Complex 1, there is no translocation of protons in the
intermembrane space

13.. The enzyme has a regulatory role in the metabolic pathway of glycogenolysis:
a)Glycogen phosphorylase b) Oligotransferase c) alpha-1,6 glycosidase

14.. The following statement is correct about ketogenesis: a) Ketogenesis takes place in
the brain b)Ketogenesis takes place in the mitochondria of hepatocytesc) The brain
cannot use ketone bodies

15.. Of the listed lipoprotein particles with the highest percentage representation of
triglycerides, the following are characterized: a) LDL b) VLDc) Chylomicrons

16.. The protein that is necessary to start the biosynthesis of glycogen is called:

a) Glycogenosis
b) Glycogenase
c) Glycogenin

17.. For the activity of compound 5, it is necessary:

a) Translocation of electrons through the complex itself

b)Translocation of protons through the complex itself
c) Translocation of reduced cofactors NAD and FAD through the process
itself
18.. For the final oxidation of the old acid to acetyl KoA beta oxidation should be
repeated:

a) 6 times
b) 7 times
c)8 times

19.. The adenylic acid system consists of the following compounds:AMP, ADP, ATP

20.. 3-hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl KoA is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of:

a) Sphingophospholipids
b) Higher fatty acids
c) Ketone bodies

21.. The following statement is correct about B oxidation of fatty acids:

a) The reaction always starts with palmitic acidb) For the decomposition of
palmitic acid, 7 cycles are necessary
c) ATP is directly generated within the 4 oxidations from B oxidation

22.. Why acetyl coenzyme A can NOT be used as a substrate for glucose synthesis?

-Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is followed by a large free energy change,

and is irreversible.

23.. The main metabolic pathway for breaking down fatty acids is:Beta oxidation of fatty
acids takes place in the mitochondria, where the final product is Acetyl Coenzyme A (2).

24.. A key regulatory enzyme in the metabolic pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis is:
HMG-KoA reductase

25.. Chylomicrons are created inthe uniplasmic reticulum in the enterocytes of the
small intestine.
26.. It has a protective antiatherogenic effect:HDL

27..The most common in triglycerides are: Chylomicrons

28.. Ketogenesis is a metabolic pathway that is activated during:

- Unregulated diabetes and starvation

29.. Complex 2 of the respiratory chain is a component of:

a)The cycle of tricarboxylic acids

b) Pentose phosphate cycle c) Glycosalate cycle

30.. In the metabolic pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis, immediately from mevalonic
acid is obtained:a) Isopentyl pyrophosphate b) Squalene c) Lysolecithin d) Lanosterol
e) Ceramide

31.. In the respiratory chain, electrons from the reduced forms of coenzymes NAD and
FAD are passed on to:Coenzyme Q

32.. Isolation of LDL to obtain well-defined LDL, phosphorylation is performed with:

Barbital buffer orheparin citrate buffer

33.. Precursor for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids is a) a-linoleic acid b) linoleic acid
c)arachidonic acid

34.. The group of ketone bodies include? a) acetic acid b) acetoacetic acid c)
oxaloacetic acid
35.. The respiratory chain represents a) a sequence of reactions in the metabolic
pathway of glycolysis b) a sequence of processes that take place in the lungsc) a
series of electron carriers in mitochondriad) sequence of organs participating in
respiration e) sequence of reactions in the citric acid cycle

36.. The initial reactions in the metabolic pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis are
identical to a) urea biosynthesis b) protein biosynthesisc) ketogenesis d) glycolysis e)
glycogenolysis

37.. Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex a) 5 enzymes and 5 coenzymes b)

3 enzymes and 5 coenzymes c) 3 enzymes and 3 coenzymes

38.. In the metabolic pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, condensation of isopentyl

pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate produces a) farnesyl pyrophosphate b)
thiamine pyrophosphate c) squalened) geranyl pyrophosphate e) pyrodoxal
phosphate

39.. The starting molecule for cholesterol biosynthesis is a) creatinine b) coenzyme Q c)

acetone d) ureae) Acetyl coenzyme A

40.. Before entering the beta oxidation process, higher fatty acids are activated,
converting them to a) Acetyl CoAb) Acyl CoA c) Coenzyme A

41.. Under the action of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl CoA reductase a)

lanosterol b) sigmasterol c) oleic acid is synthesizedd) mevalonic acide) arachidonic
acid

42.. In the respiratory chain, translocation (pumping) of protons from the mitochondrial
matrix into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane takes place
at the level of a) complex 5 b) complex 1, complex 2 and complex 3c) ) complex 1,
complex 3 and complex 4 d) complex 2 e) the thermogenin protein UCP1
43. Which of the following compounds is not an intermediate in the mylonic acid cycle a)
malate b)malonyl CoA c) succinyl CoA

44. Nicotinamide nucleotides are important coenzymes for: a. redox reactions (1 unit)

b. fatty acid peroxidation

c. hydrogen transfer
d. purine and pyrimidine synthesis
e. hydrolysis of the peptide bond

45.. Triglycerides are built from:

a. cholesterol, glycerol and fatty acids

b. phosphoric acid and fatty acids

c.glycerol and fatty acids

d. glycerol, phosphoric acid and fatty acids

e. glucose and fatty acids

46. The final metabolic product of protein breakdown is:

a.ketone bodies
b. creatinine
c. the urea
d. amino acids
e. biogenic amine

47. Which of the statements is true:

a. isoenzymes are different forms of different enzymes
b. isoenzymes have arisen under the control of genes
c. isoenzymes have the same physicochemical properties
d. none of the above
e. all of the above

48. For the synthesis of FMN and FAD in the body, the following is used:
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin B1
c. vitamin B2
d. vitamin B6

49. Fats cannot be broken down by:

a. lipases
b. alkalis
c. hot steam
d.proteases
e. all of the above

50. Electrophoresis:
a. represents the movement of colloidal particles in a two-way field
b. is a spectroscopic technique that can be used to determine a large number of
substances present in biological fluids
c. is a separation technique for the qualitative determination of lipids
d. is a chromatographic technique used to separate identical biological macromolecules
e. represents the movement of colloidal particles in a unidirectional field
51. With Legal - this trial proves:
a. blood glucose
b. enzymes in urine
c. acetone in urine
d. triglycerides in blood
e. pH of blood

52. The lyases: msm dek e od bh1

a. catalyze a hydrolysis reaction
b. catalyze group transfer
c. catalyze electron transfer
d. catalyze addition of a double bond group
e. none of the above

53. Biosynthesis is not characterized by:

a. the creation of macromolecules from micromolecules
b. creation of molecules-building blocks
c. creating energy
d. energy consumption
e. none of the above

54. Which of the following statements about glycerol is incorrect:

a. builds triacylglycerols
b. is demonstrated by the acrolein reaction
c. is proven by strong oxidizing agents?
d. builds monoacylglycerols
e. builds diacylglycerols

55. In plasma, cholesterol is an integral part of:

a. lipoproteins
b. the amino acids
c. the glycerol
d. none of the above
e. all of the above

56. Proteolytic enzymes are:

a. CN hydrolases
b. CH hydrolases
c. CO hydrolases
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
57. Pyruvate is a catabolic product of:
a. the urea
b. the glucose
c. serotonin
d. none of the above
e. all of the above

58. Which of the following vitamins does not participate in the citric acid cycle?
a. ascorbic acid
b. thiamine
c. riboflavin
d. niacin
e. pantothenic acid

59. Ketonemia occurs in case of: (DO NOT)

a. sugar disease
b. lactose intolerance
c. electrolyte imbalance
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

60. Aminotransferases as a coenzyme contain:

a.pyridoxal - phosphate
b. adenosine triphosphate
c. nicotinamide-dinucleotide-phosphate
d. adenosine diphosphate
e. none of the above
61. The function of cytochrome enzymes consists in the transfer of
a. electrons
b. protons
c. iron
d. copper ions
e. nitrogen

62. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is found in:

a. the mitochondria
b. the cytosol
c. the lysosomes
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

63. Elongation of fatty acids takes place:

a. in the ribosomes
b. in mitochondria
c. in the cytoplasm
d. the stomach
e. the cell membrane

64. One of the enzymes that control the citric acid cycle is:
a. isocitrate dehydrogenase
b. aconitase
c. succinate dehydrogenase
d.all of the above
e. none of the above
65. The form in which carbohydrates are found in the blood (blood sugar) is:
a. The starch
b. Glycogen
c. Cellulose
d.Glucose
e. Fructose
66. The metabolic pathway for the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) takes place
in:
a. Circulation
b. The core
c. The cytoplasm
d. The mitochondria
e. Cerebrospinal fluid

67. The first reaction of the metabolic pathway for the breakdown of glycogen is
catalyzed by the enzyme:
a. Hexokinase
b. Phosphofructokinase
c. Glycogen dehydrogenase
d. Glycogen phosphorylase
e. Glycogen ligase

68. The enzyme glycogen phosphorylase breaks down:

a. Only the α-1,4 glycosidic linkages
b. Only the α-1,6 glycosidic linkages
c. Both α-1,4 glycosidic linkages and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages
d. Only the β-1,4 glycosidic linkages
e. Only the β-1,6 glycosidic linkages
69. The metabolic pathway for glycogen biosynthesis takes place in:
a. Circulation
b. The core
c. The cytoplasm
d. The mitochondria

70. The enzyme glycogen synthase can generate:

a. Only α-1,4 glycosidic linkages
b. Only the α-1,6 glycosidic linkages
c. Both α-1,4 glycosidic linkages and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages
d. Only the β-1,4 glycosidic linkages
e. Only the β-1,6 glycosidic linkages

71. The activation of the key enzyme in the metabolic pathway for glycogen
biosynthesis – glycogen synthase is carried out by its:
a. Hydrolysis
b. Phosphorylation
c. Phosphorylation
d. Dephosphorylation
e. Deacetylation
72. For the initiation of the biosynthesis of a new glycogen molecule, the protein is
necessary:
a. Glycogenosis
b. Glycogenin
c. Glycogenase
d. Gyrase
e. Helicase
73. The activation of the key enzyme in the metabolic pathway for the breakdown of
glycogen - glycogen phosphorylase is carried out by its:
a. Hydrolysis
b.Phosphorylation
c. Phosphorylation?
d. Dephosphorylation
e. Deacetylation

74. The citric acid cycle takes place in:

a. Circulation
b. The cytoplasm
c.The mitochondria
d. The core
e. The peroxisomes

75. The activation of higher fatty acids before their inclusion in the β-oxidation metabolic
pathway takes place in:
a. Circulation
b.The cytoplasm
c. The mitochondria
d. The core
e. The extracellular space

76. β-Oxidation of fatty acids takes place in:

a. Circulation
b. The cytoplasm
c.The mitochondria
d. The core

77. The complete degradation of palmitic acid by β-oxidation takes place in:
a. 2 cycles
b. 3 cycles
c. 4 cycles
d. 7 cycles

78. The end product of the final breakdown of a higher fatty acid by β-oxidation is:
a. Pyruvate
b. Lactate
c. Coenzyme A
d.Acetyl CoA
e. Coenzyme Q
79. The group of compounds known as "ketone bodies" includes:
a. Urea
b. Ammonia
c.The acetone
d. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
e. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

80. The starting molecule for the biosynthesis of fatty acids is:
a. Coenzyme Q
b. Coenzyme R
c.Acetyl CoA
d. CO2
e. H2O

81. At the level of the inner mitochondrial membrane is located:

a. Aconitase
b. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
c. Hexokinase
d. Glycogen phosphorylase
e.ATP synthase

82.. In the triglyceride molecule, the higher fatty acids are ester-linked to:
a. Glycol
b.Glycerol
c. Glyceraldehyde
e. Glucose
83. The following statement is true about glycogen:
a. It is synthesized in the skin under the influence of sunlight
b. It is mostly stored in white adipose tissue
c. It is mostly stored in brown fat tissue
d.It is mostly stored in the liver and muscles
e. It is synthesized by plants through photosynthesis

84. According to their chemical structure, enzymes are mainly:

a.Proteins
b. Amino acids
c. Glycosaminoglycans
d. Peptidoglycans
e. Homoglycans

85. The following statement is true about the analytical technique ELISA:
a. An enzyme does not participate in any of the reactions
b. It is not allowed to use a multichannel pipettor
c. Microplates are centrifuged
d. It is based on specific antigen-antibody binding
e. It is based on a specific binding enzyme-irreversible inhibitor

86. The following statement is true about β-adrenergic receptors:

a. They are located in the nucleus
b. They are found in mitochondria
c. They are found in lysosomes
d. They are found in the circulation
e. They are transmembrane proteins
87. An intracellular mediator of the interaction of adrenaline with β-adrenergic receptors
is:
a. ATP
b. AMP
c. cAMP
d. NAD
e. FAD

88. After the interaction between adrenaline and β-adrenergic receptors, the immediate
role of G-protein is as follows:
a. It phosphorylates insulin
b. It phosphorylates glucagon
c.It activates adenylyl cyclase
d. Performs acetylation of mitochondrial proteins
e. Performs DNA methylation

89. The following statement is true about acetyl CoA:

a. It does not possess a high-energy thioester bond in its molecule
b.It is actually activated acetic acid
c. It actually represents activated palmitic acid
d. It is actually activated oleic acid
e. It does not have a pentose residue in its molecule

90. Pyridoxal phosphate represents:

a. Biologically active form of vitamin B2
b. Biologically active form of vitamin B3
c.Biologically active form of vitamin B6
d. Fatty acid transporter
e. Liposoluble vitamin

91. Homocysteine is metabolized to:

a. cysteine and succinyl-CoA
b. S-adenosyl-methionine
c.methionine
d. alanine
e. none of the above

92. During the citric acid cycle, the NADH and FADH2 produced:
a. are oxidized in the urea cycle
b. are oxidized in the respiratory chain
c. are oxidized to fats
d. are reduced in the respiratory chain
e. are reduced in the urea cycle

93. Phosphorylation of hexoses and pentoses in the process of glycolysis takes place
under the action of the enzyme:
a. aldolase
b.hexokinase
c. phosphofructokinase
d. oxidireductase
e. none of the above

94. If there is an excess of ATP, oxaloacetate:

a. will be used in gluconeogenesis
b. it will enter the citric acid cycle
c. will not participate in metabolic processes
d. will be deposited
e.none of the aboveI think they write that they never produce more ATP than necessary,
so they shouldn't have a surplus.

95. The synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate takes place in the mitochondria under the
action of the enzyme:
a. carbamoyl phosphate peptidase
b. carbamoyl phosphate lyase
c.carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
d. phosphate lyase
e. phosphate synthetase

96. In the first step of the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate under the
action of the enzyme:
a. oxalacetate synthetase
b.citrate synthase
c. oxaloacetate isomerase
d. citrate – hydrolase
e. citrate – isomerase

97. The process of ATP synthesis from its equivalents in the respiratory chain is called:
a. oxidative deamination
b. oxidative phosphorylation
c. oxidative decarboxylation
d. oxidative dephosphorylation
e. reductive phosphorylation

98. Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha keto glutarate is catalyzed by the

enzyme state:
a. aconitase
b. isocitrate hydroxylase
c.isocitrate dehydrogenase
d. citrate synthetase
e. isocitrate carboxylase

99. The hydration of fumarate to L-malate in the tricarbon cycle is catalyzed by the
enzyme:
a. fumarate hydratase FUMARASE
b. malate dehydrogenase,
c. fumarate dehydrogenase
d. malate hydratase
e. fumarate synthetase

100. The activation of fatty acids takes place in the cytoplasm and is catalyzed by:
a. HMG reductase?
b. acyl CoA ligase
c. enoyl CoA isomerase
d. enoyl CoA hydratase
e. acyl CoA oxidase
101. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate produces:
a. Coenzyme Q
b. Coenzyme A
c.Acetyl CoA
d. Acetoacetate
e. Oxalacetate

102. In the first oxidative decarboxylation reaction in the citric acid cycle, the following is
formed:
a. Ribulose 5-phosphate
b. Xylulose 5-phosphate
c. Oxalacetate
d. Isocitrate
e.α-Keto glutarate

103. The last reaction of β-oxidation of fatty acids is catalyzed by the enzyme:
a. Hexokinase
b. Pyruvate kinase
c. Amylase
d. Lipase
e.Thiolase

104. In the second oxidative decarboxylation reaction in the citric acid cycle, the
following is formed:
a. α-Keto glutarate
b.Succinyl CoA
c. Fumarate
d. Acetoacetate
e. Isopentyl pyrophosphate

105. If it is considered that during oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, 1.5

moles of ATP are obtained from one mole of FADH2 and 2.5 moles of ATP are obtained
from one mole of NADH, then the energy gain from the final breakdown of one mole of
palmitoyl CoA is:
a. 3 moles ATR
b. 5 moles ATR
c.108 moles ATR
d. 180 moles ATR
e. 188 moles ATR

106. In order to be involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, acetyl CoA is first
translated into:
a.Malonil CoA
b. Mevalonic acid
c. Coenzyme A
d. Pyruvate
e. Oxalacetate

107. The NADPH coenzyme that participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids originates
from:
a. Glycolysis
b. Gluconeogenesis
c. The pentose phosphate cycle
d. The urea biosynthesis cycle
e. The metabolic pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis

108. The conversion of excess carbohydrates into triacylglycerols is stimulated by:

a. The insulin
b. The adrenaline
c. Glucagon
d. The hormone-sensitive lipase
e. Lipoprotein lipase

109. In blood plasma triglycerides:

a. They don't meet at all
b. They are found on the surface of lipoprotein particles
c.They are found inside the lipoprotein particles
d. They are found both on the surface and inside the lipoprotein particles
e. They are found bound to albumins

110. The following statement is true about cholesterol:

a. It is not found in the composition of lipoprotein particles from the blood plasma
b. It is found on the surface of lipoprotein particles, as free cholesterol
c. It is found inside the lipoprotein particles, as free cholesterol
d. It is found on the surface of lipoprotein particles, as esterified cholesterol
e. It is the most abundant lipid percentage in chylomicrons

111. The complete degradation of stearic acid by beta oxidation takes place in:

-8 cycles

112. In anaerobic conditions pyruvate is metabolized to:

-Acetyl coenzyme A