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1. Which of the following statements is false regarding metabolism?

A) It is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism
B) It includes anabolism and catabolism
C) It provides energy and building blocks for cellular processes
D) It only occurs in the presence of oxygen
2. Anabolism is the process through which:
A) Complex molecules are broken down into simpler molecules
B) Energy is released from organic molecules
C) Simple molecules are built into more complex molecules
D) ATP is produced by cells
3. Catabolism involves:
A) The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules
B) The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules
C) The conversion of ATP into ADP
D) The release of energy from the breakdown of glucose
4. Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?
A) The breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water
B) The conversion of ADP into ATP
C) The synthesis of proteins from amino acids
D) The conversion of ATP into ADP
5. Catabolic pathways generally:
A) Require an input of energy
B) Result in the synthesis of complex molecules
C) Release energy and produce simpler molecules
D) Occur only in the absence of oxygen
6. Which of the following best describes the relationship between anabolism and catabolism?
A) They are two completely separate processes that do not interact
B) Anabolism and catabolism occur simultaneously in all cells
C) Anabolism provides the energy for catabolic reactions
D) They are interconnected and depend on each other for optimal cellular function
7. Which of the following is not a main difference between anabolism and catabolism?
A) Anabolism involves the breakdown of complex molecules, while catabolism involves the synthesis of complex
molecules
B) Anabolism requires an input of energy, while catabolism releases energy
C) Anabolism builds complex molecules, while catabolism breaks them down
D) Anabolism results in the formation of larger molecules, while catabolism produces smaller molecules
8. A common energy currency in cells is:
A) DNA B) Glucose C) ATP D) RNA
9. Which process releases energy by breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen?
A) Aerobic respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Anaerobic respiration
D) Fermentation
10. The breakdown of proteins into amino acids is an example of:

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A) Anabolism B) Catabolism C) Glycolysis D) Photosynthesis
11. Which of the following is not an example of an anabolic reaction?
A) Lipid synthesis C) Glycogen breakdown
B) Protein synthesis D) Nucleic acid synthesis
12. The process of converting glucose into pyruvate is an example of:
A) Anabolism C) Catabolism
B) Fermentation D) Photosynthesis
13. Which of the following best describes the relationship between metabolism and energy?
A) Metabolism is the breakdown of energy, while anabolism is the synthesis of energy
B) Metabolism provides the energy necessary for anabolism and catabolism
C) Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions without any energy involvement
D) Energy is only involved in anabolism and not in catabolism
14. The chemical reactions involved in metabolism are regulated by:
A) Temperature and pH
B) Enzymes and hormones
C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
D) ATP and ADP concentration
15. Which of the following is not a characteristic of anabolism?
A) Requires an input of energy
B) Builds complex molecules
C) Occurs in the absence of oxygen
D) Involves the synthesis of larger molecules
16. Which of the following statements is false regarding catabolism?
A) It involves the breakdown of complex molecules
B) It releases energy in the process
C) It occurs in the presence of oxygen
D) It provides building blocks for anabolism
17. The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA is an example of:
A) Anabolism C) Catabolism
B) Fermentation D) Oxidative phosphorylation
18. The process of converting glucose into glycogen is an example of:
A) Anabolism C) Catabolism
C) Fermentation D) Aerobic respiration
19. Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?
A) The conversion of ADP into ATP
B) The synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water
C) The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate
D) The conversion of ATP into ADP
20. Which of the following is true regarding the main differences between anabolism and catabolism?
A) Anabolism involves energy release, while catabolism requires energy input
B) Anabolism builds complex molecules, while catabolism breaks down complex molecules
C) Anabolism occurs in the presence of oxygen, while catabolism occurs in the absence of oxygen
D) Anabolism provides energy for cellular processes, while catabolism provides building blocks for anabolism
21. The process of converting glucose into carbon dioxide and water is an example of:
A) Anabolism B) Catabolism C) Fermentation D) Glycolysis

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22. Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?
A) The breakdown of proteins into amino acids
B) The conversion of ADP into ATP
C) The synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water
D) The conversion of ATP into ADP
23. The process of converting pyruvate into lactate in the absence of oxygen is an example of:
A) Anabolism B) Catabolism C) Fermentation D) Glycolysis
24. Which of the following best represents the order of energy flow in metabolism?
A) Catabolism -> Anabolism -> ATP production
B) Catabolism -> ATP production -> Anabolism
C) Anabolism -> Catabolism -> ATP production
D) ATP production -> Catabolism -> Anabolism
25. The breakdown of glycogen into glucose is an example of:
A) Anabolism C) Catabolism
B) Fermentation D) Oxidative phosphorylation
26. Which of the following is not a photosynthetic pigment?
A) Chlorophyll a C) Chlorophyll b
B) Carotenoids D) Xanthophylls
27. The site of photosynthesis in plant cells is:
A) Nucleus C) Mitochondria.
B) Chloroplast D) Golgi apparatus
28. Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the:
A) Stroma of the chloroplast
B) Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
C) Outer membrane of the chloroplast
D) Inner membrane of the chloroplast
29. The primary function of Photosystem I is to:
A) Produce ATP
B) Generate NADPH
C) Split water molecules
D) Release oxygen into the atmosphere
30. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as:
A) Calvin cycle C) Krebs cycle
B) Glycolysis D) Electron transport chain
31. The Calvin cycle reactions take place in the:
A) Stroma of the chloroplast
B) Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
C) Outer membrane of the chloroplast
D) Inner membrane of the chloroplast
32. C3 plants are characterized by:
A) Producing three carbon compounds in the Calvin cycle
B) Performing photosynthesis during the day
C) Using the C4 photosynthetic pathway
D) Having low water use efficiency
33. C4 plants overcome photorespiration by:

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A) Closing stomata during the day
B) Fixing carbon dioxide into a four-carbon compound
C) Having a specialized enzyme to prevent oxygen binding to RuBisCO
D) Performing the Calvin cycle during the night
34. CAM plants open their stomata during the:
A) Night B) Day C) Early morning D) Late afternoon
35. Which of the following plants is most likely to undergo photorespiration?
A) C3 plant B) C4 plant C) CAM plant D) None of the above
36. Which of the following is a role of photosynthetic pigments in plants?
A) Capture and transfer light energy
B) Store glucose for later use
C) Convert oxygen to ATP
D) Release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
37. The most abundant photosynthetic pigment in plants is:
A) Chlorophyll a C) Chlorophyll b
B) Carotenoids D) Xanthophylls
38. Which part of the photosynthetic process directly produces ATP?
A) Light-dependent reactions C) Calvin cycle reactions
B) Light-independent reactions D) All of the above
39. What is the function of Photosystem II?
A) Absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy
B) Split water molecules to release electrons and oxygen
C) Transfer excited electrons to Photosystem I
D) Produce NADPH

40. The energy for the synthesis of ATP in photosynthesis comes from:
A) Light reactions C) Dark reactions
B) Calvin cycle D) Krebs cycle
41. Which of the following is NOT a product of the Calvin cycle?
a) Glucose B) NADPH C) ADP D) Ribulose bisphosphate
42. C4 plants are characterized by having:
A) Kranz anatomy
B) Chloroplasts only in the bundle sheath cells
C) A high water use efficiency
D) A higher rate of photorespiration
43. CAM plants perform photosynthesis mainly during the:
A) Day B) Night C) Early morning D) Late afternoon
44. The primary product of the C4 photosynthetic pathway is:
A) Oxaloacetate B) Malate C) Pyruvate D) Acetyl-CoA
45. Which plant has a unique carbon fixation mechanism that separates the initial CO2 capture from the Calvin cycle
in space and time?
A) C3 plant B) C4 plant C) CAM plant D) None of the above
46. The enzyme responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle is called:
A) RuBisCO B) Rubisco C) RuBP D) PEP carboxylase
47. Photorespiration is a wasteful metabolic pathway that occurs when:

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A) Oxygen concentration is high and carbon dioxide concentration is low
B) Oxygen concentration is low and carbon dioxide concentration is high
C) Oxygen concentration is high and carbon dioxide concentration is high
D) Oxygen concentration is low and carbon dioxide concentration is low
48. The process of photorespiration mainly occurs in:
A) C3 plants B) C4 plants
C) CAM plants D) All plants to some extent
49. In photorespiration, which of the following molecules undergoes decarboxylation?
A) Oxaloacetate B) Malate C) RuBP D) Glucose
50. Which of the following factors can lead to an increase in photorespiration?
A) High temperatures B) Low light intensity
C) Elevated concentrations of oxygen D) All of the above
51. Which of the following is not a contribution of photosynthesis for the continuity of life?
A) Production of oxygen
B) Production of glucose
C) Conversion of sunlight into chemical energy
D) Absorption of carbon dioxide
52. Photosynthesis primarily occurs in which part of the plant?
A) Leaves B) Stems C) Roots D) Flowers
53. What gas is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
A) Oxygen B) Carbon dioxide C) Nitrogen D) Hydrogen
54. How does photosynthesis affect the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A) Photosynthesis increases oxygen levels and decreases carbon dioxide levels
B) Photosynthesis increases carbon dioxide levels and decreases oxygen levels
C) Photosynthesis has no impact on the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) Photosynthesis decreases both oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
55. Why is the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere important for the continuity of life?
A) Oxygen is necessary for respiration in animals and carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis in plants
B) Oxygen is necessary for photosynthesis in plants and carbon dioxide is necessary for respiration in animals
C) The balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide has no direct impact on the continuity of life
D) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are both toxic to living organisms, so the balance must be maintained
56. How does photosynthesis contribute to global warming?
A) Photosynthesis releases greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming
B) Photosynthesis has no impact on global warming
C) Photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide, which reduces its greenhouse effect
D) Photosynthesis releases excess heat, contributing to global warming
57. What role do plants play in the carbon cycle?
A) Plants absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, storing carbon in their tissues
B) Plants release carbon dioxide through respiration, contributing to the carbon cycle
C) Plants have no role in the carbon cycle
D) Plants release excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming
58. Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and the water cycle?
A) Photosynthesis requires water, which is released as a byproduct during the process
B) Photosynthesis plays no role in the water cycle
C) Photosynthesis absorbs water from the atmosphere, reducing precipitation

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D) Photosynthesis increases evaporation, enhancing the water cycle
59. How does photosynthesis contribute to the overall health of ecosystems?
A) Photosynthesis provides energy and food for all organisms in the ecosystem
B) Photosynthesis has no direct impact on ecosystem health
C) Photosynthesis acts as a natural filter, purifying water and air in the ecosystem
D) Photosynthesis removes harmful chemicals from the soil, preventing pollution
60. Which of the following is not a factor that can limit the rate of photosynthesis?
A) Availability of light C) Presence of carbon dioxide
B) Temperature D) Humidity
61. How does the process of photosynthesis support the growth and development of plants?
A) Photosynthesis allows plants to produce sugars, providing energy for growth
B) Photosynthesis allows plants to absorb nutrients from the soil
C) Photosynthesis is not directly related to the growth and development of plants
D) Photosynthesis helps plants adapt to environmental changes
62. What role does chlorophyll play in the process of photosynthesis?
A) Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
B) Chlorophyll regulates the rate of photosynthesis
C) Chlorophyll releases oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis
D) Chlorophyll is not involved in the process of photosynthesis
63. How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration rely on each other?
A) Photosynthesis produces oxygen, which is needed for cellular respiration, and cellular respiration produces carbon
dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis
B) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are completely independent of each other
C) Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide, which is needed for cellular respiration, and cellular respiration produces
oxygen, which is needed for photosynthesis
D) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have no direct relationship
64. How does photosynthesis impact the production of food for humans?
A) Photosynthesis provides essential nutrients directly through the process of respiration
B) Photosynthesis converts sunlight and carbon dioxide into glucose, which is a source of food for humans
C) Photosynthesis has no impact on the production of food for humans
D) Photosynthesis releases excess nutrients into the soil, enhancing agricultural productivity
65. What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
A) Chlorophyll B) Melanin C) Hemoglobin D) Carotene
66. How does the process of photosynthesis contribute to the formation of fossil fuels?
A) Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide into fossil fuels over time
B) Photosynthesis directly creates fossil fuels as a byproduct
C) Photosynthesis has no direct relationship with the formation of fossil fuels
D) Photosynthesis removes excess carbon, preventing the formation of fossil fuels
67. What is the main purpose of photosynthesis in plants?
A) To produce energy for metabolic processes
B) To store excess nutrients
C) To remove toxins from the environment
D) To attract pollinators
68. How does photosynthesis support the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in aquatic ecosystems?
A) Photosynthesis in aquatic plants produces oxygen for aquatic organisms to respire

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B) Photosynthesis in aquatic plants releases carbon dioxide, balancing the levels in the water
C) Photosynthesis in aquatic organisms has no impact on the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) Photosynthesis in aquatic plants consumes oxygen, which increases the carbon dioxide levels
69. How do plants contribute to reducing the effects of global warming through photosynthesis?
A) Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing the greenhouse effect
B) Plants release excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming
C) Plants absorb excess heat, reducing the overall temperature of the planet
D) Plants have no direct impact on reducing the effects of global warming
70. How does photosynthesis contribute to the production of wood and biomass?
A) Photosynthesis converts sunlight directly into wood and biomass
B) Photosynthesis allows plants to store excess energy as wood and biomass
C) Photosynthesis has no direct relationship with the production of wood and biomass
D) Photosynthesis releases excess nutrients into the soil, promoting the growth of wood and biomass
71. What is the importance of photosynthesis for the production of oxygen in oceans?
A) Photosynthesis is not directly involved in the production of oxygen in oceans
B) Photosynthesis in aquatic plants produces oxygen for marine organisms
C) Photosynthesis in oceanic organisms releases carbon dioxide, which produces oxygen
D) Photosynthesis consumes oxygen, contributing to the overall oxygen deficit in oceans
72. How does photosynthesis support the survival of non-photosynthetic organisms?
A) Non-photosynthetic organisms rely on photosynthetic organisms for food and oxygen
B) Non-photosynthetic organisms cannot survive in the presence of photosynthetic organisms
C) Photosynthesis has no direct impact on the survival of non-photosynthetic organisms
D) Non-photosynthetic organisms rely on photosynthetic organisms for sunlight absorption
73. How does photosynthesis contribute to the availability of freshwater resources?
A) Photosynthesis reduces the availability of freshwater through excessive evaporation
B) Photosynthesis releases excess water into the atmosphere, increasing freshwater resources
C) Photosynthesis has no direct relationship with the availability of freshwater resources
D) Photosynthesis helps maintain the balance of water in the soil, preserving freshwater resources
74. How does increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere affect photosynthesis?
A) Increased carbon dioxide levels enhance photosynthetic activity, increasing plant growth
B) Increased carbon dioxide levels inhibit photosynthetic activity, decreasing plant growth
C) Carbon dioxide has no direct impact on photosynthesis
D) Increased carbon dioxide levels have no impact on plant growth through photosynthesis
75. Which of the following statements best describes the overall contribution of photosynthesis to the balance of
oxygen and carbon dioxide?
A) Photosynthesis ensures a balanced equilibrium between oxygen and carbon dioxide, supporting life on Earth
B) Photosynthesis disrupts the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide, causing ecological instability
C) The contribution of photosynthesis to the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is insignificant
D) Photosynthesis creates an imbalance by increasing oxygen levels and decreasing carbon dioxide level
76. Which of the following is not a stage of cellular respiration?
A) Glycolysis C) Krebs cycle
B) Electron transport chain D) Photosynthesis
77. Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?
A) Mitochondria B) Chloroplasts C) Cytoplasm D) Nucleus
78. Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

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A) Glycolysis. C) Krebs cycle
B) Electron transport chain. D) Fermentation
79. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
A) NADH B) FADH2 C) Oxygen D) Carbon dioxide
80. Which type of fermentation occurs in muscle cells during strenuous exercise?
A) Alcoholic fermentation C) Lactic acid fermentation
B) Acetic acid fermentation D d) Malolactic fermentation
81. How many ATP molecules are produced through substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6

82. What is the net yield of ATP molecules from one glucose molecule during glycolysis?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8
83. Which stage of cellular respiration generates reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2)?
A) Glycolysis C) Krebs cycle
B) Electron transport chain D) Fermentation
84. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
A) It is a reactant in the citric acid cycle.
B) It is used as a final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
C) It is converted into ATP during glycolysis.
D) It participates in the production of acetyl-CoA.
85. Which of the following statements is true about fermentation?
A) It requires oxygen to occur.
B) It produces more ATP than cellular respiration.
C) It occurs after the Krebs cycle.
D) It is an anaerobic process.
86. What happens to pyruvate during lactic acid fermentation?
A) It is converted into ethanol.
B) It is transformed into acetyl-CoA.
C) It is reduced to lactate.
D) It is oxidized to carbon dioxide.
87. What effect does temperature have on fermentation rates?
A) Higher temperatures increase fermentation rates.
B) Lower temperatures increase fermentation rates.
C) Temperature has no effect on fermentation rates.
D) Extremely high or low temperatures can completely halt fermentation.
88. Which stage of cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct?
A) Glycolysis C) Krebs cycle
B) Electron transport chain D) Fermentation
89. What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
A) To generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
B) To convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
C) To produce reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2)
D) To produce carbon dioxide as a waste product
90. How many ATP molecules are produced during the Krebs cycle from the breakdown of one glucose molecule?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8

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91. Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus C) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus
92. Which molecule acts as a final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation?
A) Oxygen B) Pyruvate C) Lactate D) Lactic acid
93. Which metabolic pathway produces the most ATP molecules per glucose molecule?
A) Glycolysis C) Krebs cycle
B) Electron transport chain D) Fermentation
94. How does lactic acid fermentation contribute to the production of some dairy products?
A) It helps in breaking down lactose into lactic acid.
B) It improves the texture and flavor of the product.
C) It increases the shelf life of dairy products.
D) It helps in converting lactose to glucose.
95. What is the role of NADH in the electron transport chain?
A) It donates electrons to complex I of the chain.
B) It transfers electrons to ATP synthase for ATP production.
C) It accepts electrons from FADH2 during oxidative phosphorylation.
D) It is oxidized back to NAD+ and generates ATP.
96. Which stage of cellular respiration produces NADH and FADH2 molecules?
A) Glycolysis C) Krebs cycle
B) Electron transport chain D) Fermentation
97. What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?
A) To generate ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation
B) To produce reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2)
C) To produce carbon dioxide as a waste product
D) To convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
98. What is the final product of alcoholic fermentation in yeast?
A) Carbon dioxide and water C) Ethanol and carbon dioxide
B) Lactic acid and water D) Acetic acid and carbon dioxide
99. How does the presence of oxygen affect fermentation?
A) It inhibits fermentation completely.
B) It enhances the rate of fermentation.
C) It has no effect on fermentation.
D) It produces more ATP through fermentation.
100. What is the net yield of ATP molecules from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 36

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. D. 7. A. 8. C. 9. C. 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. D 21.
B 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. B
35. A 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. D 52. A 53. A
54. A 55. A 56. B
57. A 58. A 59. A 60. D 61. A 62. A 63. A 64. B 65. A 66. C 67. A 68. A 69. A 70. B 71. B 72. A 73. D 74. A 75. A
76. D 77. C 78. C
79. C 80. C 81. B 82. B 83. C 84. B 85. D 86. C 87. A 88. C 89. A
90. C 91. C 92. C 93. B 94. A 95. A 96. B 97. B 98. C 99.B 100. D

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