Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. 41.84 J.
B. 418.4 J.
C. 1000 J.
D. 4184 J.
2. The heat of combustion of ethane, C2H6, is 1560 kJ/mol. What is the heat of combustion of
ethane, in kJ per gram?
A. 51.9 kJ/g
B. 195 kJ/g
C. 4.69 × 104 kJ/g
D. 9.39 × 1026 kJ/g
3. The heat of combustion of methane, CH4, is 50.1 kJ/g. How much heat would be generated if
1.00 mol of methane undergoes complete combustion?
A. 0.32 kJ
B. 3.12 kJ
C. 601 kJ
D. 804 kJ
4. The energy that flows from a warmer body to a colder body is called
A. heat.
B. temperature.
C. potential.
D. work.
5. The property of matter that determines the direction of heat flow is the
A. mass.
B. temperature.
C. volume.
D. density.
6. The energy equivalent of a certain cheeseburger is approximately 525 Cal. Since 1 Cal is 4.184
kJ this corresponds to
A. 1.25 kJ.
B. 125 kJ.
C. 220 kJ.
D. 2200 kJ.
7. The energy stored in the chemical bonds of fossil fuels is a form of ______ energy.
A. electrical
B. mechanical
C. potential
D. kinetic
A. electrical
B. mechanical
C. potential
D. kinetic
9. The first law of thermodynamics states that
10. The conclusion that it is impossible to completely convert heat into work without making other
changes in the universe is
A. the mass of the products is greater than the mass of the reactants.
B. the mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants.
C. heat is released as the reaction proceeds.
D. heat is absorbed as the reaction proceeds.
12. Based on this reaction and its energy profile,
the reaction
A. is exothermic.
B. is endothermic.
C. has a high activation energy.
D. violates the first law of thermodynamics.
13. A chemical reaction accompanied by a release of energy is called a/an ______ reaction.
A. endothermic
B. catalyzed
C. exothermic
D. fast
A. heat of combustion.
B. bond energy.
C. activation energy.
D. renewable energy.
15. Any chemical or physical change that absorbs energy
16. How is heat energy used to generate electricity in a modern power plant?
A. Heat warms wires causing electrons to move through them more rapidly.
B. Heat boils water to make steam, which drives a turbine.
C. Heat warms the fins on a turbine, causing them to spin.
D. Heat generates strong magnetic fields through which the wires of a turbine move.
17. The measure of how much energy is dispersed in a given process is called the
A. entropy.
B. activation energy.
C. heat of combustion.
D. potential energy.
18. In which example is the entropy of the initial state greater than the entropy of the final state?
19. In which example is the entropy of the initial state lower than the entropy of the final state?
A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
C. methane
D. hydrogen
23. The heat energy released or absorbed by a chemical reaction is generally determined by the
difference between the energy that
A. must be put in to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy that must be put in to make
the bonds in the products.
B. must be put in to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy that is released upon making
the bonds in the products.
C. is released upon breaking the bonds in the reactants and the energy that must be put in to
make the bonds in the products.
D. is released upon breaking the bonds in the reactants and the energy that is released upon
making the bonds in the products.
24. Use the equation to help you calculate the heat of combustion of ethylene, C 2H4. The bond
energies are: C H 416 kJ/mol; C C 356 kJ/mol; C C 598 kJ/mol; O O 498 kJ/mol;
C O 803 kJ/mol; H O 467 kJ/mol.
A. +220 kJ/mol.
B. +1216 kJ/mol.
C. -754 kJ/mol.
D. -1324 kJ/mol.
25. The following molecules contain only single bonds.
The bond energies are: N H 391 kJ/mol; F F 158 kJ/mol; N F 272 kJ/mol; H F 566
kJ/mol. Which is the heat evolved or absorbed per mole of NH3 that reacts with F2?
A. +289 kJ/mol
B. +867 kJ/mol
C. -289kJ/mol
D. -867 kJ/mol
26. Consider the following equation that describes the complete combustion of propane, C 3H8.
The bond energies are: C H 416 kJ/mol; C C 356 kJ/mol; O O 498 kJ/mol; C O 803
kJ/mol; H O 467 kJ/mol. Which is the total amount of energy required to break all of the bonds
in propane?
A. 712 kJ/mol
B. 3328 kJ/mol
C. 4040 kJ/mol
D. 4396 kJ/mol
27. Consider the following equation that describes the complete combustion of propane, C3H8.
The bond energies are: C H 416 kJ/mol; C C 356 kJ/mol; O O 498 kJ/mol; C O 803
kJ/mol; H O 467 kJ/mol. Which is the amount of energy gained on making all the bonds in
carbon dioxide and water according to the equation?
A. -1270 kJ/mol
B. -2540 kJ/mol
C. -4277 kJ/mol
D. -8554 kJ/mol
28. Consider the following equation that describes the complete combustion of propane.
The bond energies are: C H 416 kJ/mol; C C 356 kJ/mol; O O 498 kJ/mol; C O 803
kJ/mol; H O 467 kJ/mol. Which is the net energy released on complete combustion of
propane?
A. -1668 kJ/mol
B. -2024 kJ/mol
C. -4277 kJ/mol
D. -8554 kJ/mol
A. wood
B. uranium
C. ethanol
D. natural gas
the major source of energy in the United States during the years 1900 to 1950 was
A. coal.
B. wood.
C. natural gas.
D. petroleum.
31. In the year 2000, which two energy sources contributed almost equally to our total energy usage?
32. Which factor did not play a major role in the formation of fossil fuels from plant matter?
A. high temperatures
B. high pressures
C. an absence of O2
D. an abundance of sunlight
33. Soft lignite (brown coal) is the lowest grade of coal. Since it has undergone the least change
since burial, its chemical composition—and hence its heat of combustion—is most similar to that
of
A. natural gas.
B. petroleum.
C. water.
D. wood.
34. Which is an advantage of using coal over petroleum as a source of energy in the United States?
A. It separates crude oil into fractions consisting of compounds with similar boiling points.
B. It separates crude oil from the coal with which it is almost always found.
C. It mixes natural gas or coal with crude oil in order to remove the impurities from the crude oil.
D. It produces the machinery by which crude oil is removed from the ground.
36. Which is not a known advantage of natural gas over other fossil fuels?
A. 1950.
B. 1960.
C. 1975.
D. 1985.
38. According to the graph below,
the net United States import of petroleum drastically decreased during the years
A. 1970 to 1977.
B. 1973 to 1975.
C. 1977 to 1982.
D. 1985 to 1990.
39. Petroleum (crude oil) is a complex mixture of thousands of substances, the majority of which are
A. carbohydrates.
B. hydrocarbons.
C. natural gases.
D. proteins.
40. The process by which a solution is heated to its boiling point and the vapors are condensed and
collected is known as
A. combustion.
B. cracking.
C. crystallization.
D. distillation.
43. The diagram below shows a simplified version of a fractionating column used in the petroleum
industry.
The position marked ___ corresponds to the cracker where large molecules are broken into
smaller molecules.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
44. The diagram below shows a simplified version of a fractionating column used in the petroleum
industry.
A. asphalt.
B. gasoline.
C. jet fuel.
D. refinery gases.
45. Cracking is
46. Compounds with the same chemical formulas but different molecular structures are called
A. isotopes.
B. isomers.
C. isobars.
D. allotropes.
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I and III only
D. I, II, and III
48. Consider these three compounds.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
A. combustion reactions.
B. crystallization.
C. fractional distillation.
D. isomerization.
51. The burning characteristics of a gasoline can be improved by converting the octane it contains
into isooctane. This conversion requires the use of expensive catalysts such as
A. biological enzymes.
B. gold and titanium.
C. platinum and palladium.
D. ultraviolet radiation.
52. Oxygenated gasolines are blends of petroleum-derived compounds with oxygen-containing
compounds. Which of the following oxygenated compounds has been discontinued in some
states because of potential health risks?
A. ethanol
B. methanol
C. MTBE
D. methane
53. Alternative energy sources are currently being researched in effort to replace our dependence on
fossil fuels. Which is not a current research effort in this regard?
54. The general term for plant matter such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops, or other biological
material is
A. biomass.
B. cornstarch.
C. diesel.
D. fossil fuel.
A. Biodiesel is made from renewable resources such as vegetable oils and animal fats.
B. Biodiesel is non-toxic and biodegradable.
C. Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines without major modifications.
D. Biodiesel has been withdrawn from several states due to health concerns.
56. Advertising claims sometimes state that adding something mechanical to a car's engine will allow
it to recover 100% of the energy that comes from burning gasoline. You should be skeptical of
such claims because they violate the
»Sinäkö, Larry?» sopersi tyttö. »Se olit siis kuitenkin sinä! Mutta
mitä ihmettä sinä teet täällä? Minulle sanottiin, että sinun nimesi on
Patches — Honourable Patches.»
Mies vastasi yhä kiihtyneenä: »Sanon sen siksi, että olen mies ja
sinä olet nainen, jota rakastan, siksi että —»
Jälleen Helen keskeytti hänet. »Vaiti, vaiti! Älä jatka! Etkö siis
tiedä?»
»Ja mitä siihen tulee, Stan», jatkoi Patches, »niin eihän ole
lainkaan sanottu, että osani, kuten sitä kutsui, koskaan loppuu. Se
on ainakin varma, etten enää koskaan tule siksi, mikä ennen olin. Se
Larry, jonka tunsit Clevelandissa, ei lainkaan ole minä. Luulen, että
hän on kokonaan kuollut — rauha hänen tomulleen! Maailma on
avara ja miehelle riittää aina työtä!»
Helen keskeytti hänet nopeasti. »Oi, herra Acton, ette tosiaan saa
syyttää herra Patchesia siitä, mitä tapahtui. Se kävi niin että —» Hän
vaikeni kykenemättä selittämään tilannetta.
»Lähdenkö nyt?»
»Kyllä, heti!»
Kun Stanford Manning oli kysynyt: »Mitä aiot tehdä, kun osasi
Patchesina loppuu?», oli hän vastannut, että mies, jonka tämä
entisinä päivinä oli tuntenut, nyt oli kuollut. Oliko se uusi mies, joka
oli astunut vanhan sijaan, myöskin kuoleva? Ja vaistomaisesti
Patches kääntyi ja palasi takaisin samaa tietä, jota oli tullut.
Lähteen partaalla.
Patches nauroi.