Basic Gas Separation Process

Upstream Petroleum Downstream Petroleum Infrastructure
& Gas Business Unit Business Unit Business Group
Gas Petrochemical & Refining

Business Unit Business Unit
Rayong Gas Separation Plant Khanom Gas Separation Plant
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“SPIRIT” 4
PTT Group Values Synergy Performance Excellence innovation Responsibility Integrity & ethics trust & respect 4
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PTT Group Values “SPIRIT” Synergy Performance Excellence innovation Responsibility Integrity & ethics trust & respect 5
What is Natural gas ?
ความรู้เบือ
้ งต้นเกีย
่ วกับก๊าซธรรมชาติ
• ก๊าซธรรมชาติ คือ ส่วนผสมของก๊าซไฮโดรคาร์บอน
่ ปนเปื้อนต่างๆ ในสถานะก๊าซ
และสิง
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Ref: G.G. nasr. N.E. Connor Natural gas engineering and safety challenge
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ประโยชน์ของก๊าซธรรมชาติ
1 ใช้เป็ นเชือ
้ เพลิง
• ใช้เป็นเชื้อเพลิงในโรงไฟฟ้า
• ใช้เป็นเชื้อเพลิงในโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม
• ใช้เป็นเชื้อเพลิงในระบบ Co-Generation
• ใช้เป็นเชื้อเพลิงสาหรับยานพาหนะ
2 ผลิตภัณฑ์ต่างๆ หลังผ่านกระบวนการแยกก๊าซ
• ก๊าซมีเทน (C1)
• ก๊าซอีเทน (C2)
• ก๊าซโพรเพน (C3)
• ก๊าซหุงต้ม (C3+ C4)
• ก๊าซโซลีนธรรมชาติ (NGL)
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ก๊าซธรรมชาติในสถานะต่างๆ
Pipe Natural Gas

Sale gas ใช้เป็นเชื้อเพลิงในโรงไฟฟ้า
Natural Gas for Vehicles (NGV)

จะมีการเติมก๊าซ CO2 ลงไป เพื่ อไม่ให้ความร้อนสูง
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

มีอุณหภูมิ -160 DegC
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Dry Gas
Wet Gas
Sour Gas or Acid gas
Sweet gas
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NGV vs LPG
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Natural gas value chain
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Natural Gas Value added
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Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Network in Thailand
PTT’s Natural Gas Pipeline Network
Sources of Thailand Natural Gas
West pipeline, 42”, Sales

1,200 MMSCFD , 260 km
13.00% 2.00%
Kanchanaburi
Ban I
Tahluang
Kengkoi 17.00%
Tong
ยาดานา
Wongnoi
Bangpakong
S
Ratchburi B
Rayong
เยตากุน
K
68.00%
1st pipeline, 34” , 860 MMSCFD, 415 km
Tubsakae
2nd pipeline, 36”, 1,150 MMSCFD,418 km
3rd pipeline, 42”,
1,900 MMSCFD ,620 km Benjamas
Tantawan เมียนมา อ่าวไทย LNG บนบก
Platong
Erawan
Khanom
Arthit
Pailin
Bongkot
JDA
Power Plant
Trans Thai-Malaysia
Pipeline(TTM)
NG reservoir
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Overview of PTT’s Gas Plant Process
Feed Gas Products
GSP#1
Sale Gas
(C1/N2)
GSP#2
Methane (C1) 63.4
Ethane
Hydrocarbon
Ethane (C2) 8.5

(C2)
Natural Gas
Propane (C3) 4.5 GSP#3
Butane (C4) 2.1
Propane
Pentane (C5) 0.6 ESP (C3)
Hexane (C6) 0.2
Heptane (C7) 0.1
GSP#5 LPG
Nitrogen 1.3 (C3/C4)
Non-HC
Carbondioxide 19.3
Moisture (lb/MMSCF) 7
GSP#6 NGL
(C5+)
Mercury (µg/Nm3) 50
H2S (ppm) 38
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Gas Separation Process

Impurities Sale Gas
(CO2,H2S,Hg,H2O) (C1,N2)
Natural Gas Ethane

1 2 3 (C2)
Gas Treatment
Fractionation
Propane
Cryogenic (C3)
LPG
(C3+C4)
NGL
(C5+)
Cryogenic : -80 C to -110 C
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Gas separation process
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Gas Treatment Section
Sale Gas
Power Plant/Industry
G
Com S/G Compressor
T
Ethane
PTTchem
CO2 , H2S
Hg < 0.1
g/Nm3 Exp
Exp Com Propane
PTTchem
C1 C3 /PDH
C2
Feed Gas -118 C 8.6 C 55.4 C
LPG
Mercury PTTchem
Removal Acid Gas Dehydration /ROC
Unit Removal Unit
Unit
NGL
C2+ C3+ C5+
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PTT Group Values “SPIRIT” De-methanizer
Synergy Performance Excellence innovation De-ethanizer
Responsibility Integrity & ethics trustDe-propanizer
& respect 37
Gas Separation Process

1. Gas Treatment Section
Mercury Removal Unit (MRU)

Acid Gas Removal Unit
Dehydration Unit
2. Cryogenic Section
Ethane Recovery Unit (ERU)
3. Fractionation Section
Deethanizer & Depropanizer

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Hg + Al  Amalgam
Aluminum Plate-Fin Heat
Exchanger
Remove
Hg ???
In Cryogenic Section
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to Acid Gas
Natural Gas Removal Unit
Design Inlet Control outlet

Hg = 300 µg/Nm3 Hg < 0.1 µg/Nm3
Sulfur impregnated
Alumina
Hg + S  HgS
26
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Stabilizer#1/2/3
MRU in liquid application
Filter
Activated Carbon M,R
Glycol Separator M,R

New New New
Act.
Glycol Filter Carb.
MRU MRU MRU
A B C
Off-Spec NGL Filter Filter

(High Hg content)
30 m3/bed
40 m3/bed
Tank Farm
& Bullet
• Install Particle Filter and Mercury Adsorber to treat Mercury in Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) product
• Install Activated Carbon Filter to treat color of Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) Product
• Install Glycol Filter to protect Mercury Adsorbent
39
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1.
Temperature < -100 C
To prevent CO2 freezing in process
2. To Increase ethane recovery
?
?
Why Remove CO2
~ 20 %
(Boiling Point : CO2 = -78 C, Ethane = -89 C)

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Process Overview ESP
MRU DeH2O ERU Fractionation

Design H2O = 147 ppmv
GSP #2
ESP
Bypass
AGRU TEG ERU Ethane (C2) product
MRU Recovery ~ 98%
42”
GSP #3 Design H2O = 147 ppmv
MRU DeH2O ERU Fractionation
5/25/2020 CONFIDENTIAL
PTT Group Values “SPIRIT” Synergy Performance Excellence innovation Responsibility Integrity & ethics trust & respect
- PTT Internal Use Only - 48
Chemical Absorption Process
Benfield Process (GSP#1)

Absorber = K2CO3
Amine Process (GSP#5/6/ESP)

Absorber = aMDEA
Absorption
A + CO2 Regeneration
B + heat
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Amine solution for Acid Gas Removal
Corrosion: MEA > DEA > MDEA

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Treated gas
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Comparison of Chemical Absorption
Benfield Process aMDEA process
Description (GSP 1) (GSP 5)
(80% Ethane Recovery) (95% Ethane Recovery)
1. Reduce CO2 in feed gas 23%  0.7% 23% 0.1%

2. Corrosive High Less corrosive
3.Remove Sulfur Yes Yes
4. Chemical Basic chemical Special mix chemical
(K2CO3) (aMDEA)
5. Environmental impact V2O5 No
(Toxic)
6. Passivation need Yes No
when start up/Shutdown (loss 3 days) (start up faster)
7. Chemical Cost Low High
(10% Make up)
8. Operating
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Cost High Low
Existing Technology VS New Technology
Existing Technology – Chemical Absorption New Technology – Membrane Separation

CO2 99% mol CO2 15% mol
Carbon dioxide Permeate Gas
CO2 20% mol CO2 < 0.1% mol CO2 20% mol CO2 5% mol
Acid Gas Membrane
Removal Unit Separation
Feed Gas Treated Gas Feed Gas Residue Gas
Strength Weakness Strength Weakness
High CO2 Removal High Energy Consumption Low Energy Consumption Low CO2 Removal Capacity
Capacity for Regeneration No Chemical Cost High Hydrocarbon Loss from
Low Reliability from Permeate gas
contaminate : solid particle, Short Membrane Life Time
heavy hydrocarbon, etc
High Chemical Cost
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Innovative Design – Hybrid Technology
The Existing Technology New Technology Innovative Design
Chemical Absorption Membrane Separation HYBRID

Technology Technology Technology
(Amine Process)
Comparison - Existing Technology & Hybrid Technology
Existing Technology – Chemical Absorption Innovative Design – Hybrid Technology

640 MMSCFD
800 MMSCFD
CO2
CO2 18.8 %mol
CO2
800 MMSCFD 200 160
840 MMSCFD
MMSCFD CO2 MMSCFD CO2 < 0.1 %mol
CO2 20 %mol CO2 < 0.1 %mol Acid Gas
Membrane Removal
Acid Gas
Removal Unit Unit Unit
Feed Gas Residue Gas Treated Gas
Feed Gas Treated Gas CO2 20 %mol
CO2 8 %mol
Scenario#2
Permeate gas
CO2 Membrane
to fuel gas system Project Phase I
CO2 50 %mol
Permeate gas Scenario#3
to Remaining Gas CO2 Membrane
Existing Case Compressor Project Phase II
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Dehydration Unit
Water Absorbent to Ethane

Gas Recovery Unit
Treated Gas H2O < 0.1 ppm

(from AGRU) Mercury Absorbent
Liquid Dryer
Saturated Water Water Absorbent to Ethane

Recovery Unit
Liquid H2O < 1 ppm

Mercury Absorbent
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Cryogenic Section
Sale Gas
G
Com S/G Compressor
T
Ethane
PTTchem
CO2 , H2S
Hg < 0.1
g/Nm3 Exp
Exp Com Propane
PTTchem
C1 C3 /PDH
C2
Feed Gas -118 C 8.6 C 55.4 C
LPG
Mercury PTTchem
Unit Removal Unit
Unit
NGL
C2+ C3+ C5+
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& respect 57
1. Reduce Feed Gas Temperature
Heat exchange with cold gas
Refrigeration
Pressure reduction by expander (energy recovery)
2. Separation
Demethanizer Column
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-115 DegC
11 barg
Sale Gas Booster
Compressor -85 DegC
Sale Gas
Compressor Exp Expander
Feed Gas
Refrigerant Demethanizer
(from Dehy.)
20 DegC
Chiller -45 DegC
C2+ -5 DegC
To Fractionation unit
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Fractionation Section
Sale Gas
G
Com S/G Compressor
T
Ethane
PTTchem
CO2 , H2S
Hg < 0.1
g/Nm3 Exp
Exp Com Propane
PTTchem
C1 C3 /PDH
C2
Feed Gas -118 C 8.6 C 55.4 C
LPG
Mercury PTTchem
Unit Removal Unit
Unit
NGL
C2+ C3+ C5+
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& respect 61
Fractionation Unit
Ethane
7 DegC 55 DegC
27 barg 18 barg
Propane
Deethanizer Depropanizer
Feed Gas
LPG
(from Ethane
Recovery Unit)
90 DegC C3+ 168 DegC

NGL
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GSP#6
Depropanizer
column
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Basic Gas Separation Process

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Basic Gas Separation Process

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Upstream Petroleum Downstream Petroleum Infrastructure

& Gas Business Unit Business Unit Business Group

Gas Petrochemical & Refining

Rayong Gas Separation Plant Khanom Gas Separation Plant

Pipe Natural Gas

Natural Gas for Vehicles (NGV)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Sour Gas or Acid gas

West pipeline, 42”, Sales

Feed Gas Products

Ethane (C2) 8.5

Gas Separation Process

Natural Gas Ethane

Gas Separation Process

Mercury Removal Unit (MRU)

Ethane Recovery Unit (ERU)

Deethanizer & Depropanizer

Design Inlet Control outlet

Activated Carbon M,R

Glycol Separator M,R

Off-Spec NGL Filter Filter

To prevent CO2 freezing in process

2. To Increase ethane recovery

(Boiling Point : CO2 = -78 C, Ethane = -89 C)

MRU DeH2O ERU Fractionation

GSP #3 Design H2O = 147 ppmv

MRU DeH2O ERU Fractionation

Benfield Process (GSP#1)

Amine Process (GSP#5/6/ESP)

Corrosion: MEA > DEA > MDEA

1. Reduce CO2 in feed gas 23%  0.7% 23% 0.1%

Existing Technology – Chemical Absorption New Technology – Membrane Separation

Strength Weakness Strength Weakness

The Existing Technology New Technology Innovative Design

Chemical Absorption Membrane Separation HYBRID

Comparison - Existing Technology & Hybrid Technology

Existing Technology – Chemical Absorption Innovative Design – Hybrid Technology

Water Absorbent to Ethane

Treated Gas H2O < 0.1 ppm

Saturated Water Water Absorbent to Ethane

Liquid H2O < 1 ppm

1. Reduce Feed Gas Temperature

Heat exchange with cold gas

Pressure reduction by expander (energy recovery)

Chiller -45 DegC

90 DegC C3+ 168 DegC

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