LESSON NOTES

Hana Hana Hangul S1 #13

Hangul Bat-chim Rules 1: Lenition
and Fortis

CONTENTS
2 Vocabulary
2 Sample Sentences
3 Grammar

# 13
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VOCABULARY

Hangul R omanization English C lass

낮은 곳 najeungot low place

금연 geumyeon non-smoking noun

듣다 deutta to hear, to listen verb

먹다 meoktta to eat verb

suddenly, all of a
갑자기 gapjagi sudden

학생 haksaeng student noun

한국어 hangugeo Korean (language) noun

학교 hakgyo school noun

있다 ittda to exist verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

그 얘기 들었어? 그 말을 듣고 눈물이 핑 돌았어요.

geu yaegi deureosseo? geu mareul deukko nunmuri ping dorasseoyo.

"Did you hear about that?" "Hearing that, I felt tears in my eyes."

갈비 먹고 싶어요. 같이 밥 먹으러 가요.

galbi meokko sipeoyo. gachi bam meogeureo gayo.

"I want to eat galbi." "Let's go eat together."

갑자기 너무 추워요. 저는 아직 학생이에요.

gapjagi neomu chuwoyo. jeon-neun ajik haesaeng-ieyo.

"It's suddenly too cold." "I'm still a student."

한국어 공부가 너무 재미있어요. 나 한국어 할 수 있어.

hangukeo gongbu-ga neomu jaemiisseoyo. nan hangukeo hal su isseo.

"Studying Korean is so much fun." "I can speak Korean."

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왜 학교 안 왔어? 친구가 있습니다.
wae hakkyo an wasseo? chinguga ittseumnida.

"Why didn't you come to school?" "I have a friend."

GRAMMAR

Lesson 13: Bat-chim Rules, Part 1

7 Basic Batchim Rules

1. Lenition

2. Fortis

3. Aspiration

4. Nasalization

5. Flowing

6. Palatization

7. Special rules with ㅎ

1. Lenition: the consonant in the batchim position affects the next consonant

- ㅇ(이응, iun) is just placeholder and doesn't have any sound. So the consonant in the
batchim position replaces the ㅇ(이응, iun) in the next word.

For example:

Word Romanization Pronounciation Meaning

한국어 hangugeo 한구거 Korean

KOREANCLAS S 101.COM HANA HANA HANGUL S 1 #13 - HANGUL BAT -CHI M RULES 1: LENI T I ON AND FORT I S 3
금연 gumyeon 그면 Non smoking

2. Fortis: When the consonant in the batchim and next consonant are the same, it
becomes doubled

- While the rule lenition replaces the sound, it keeps the original then double on the next
consonant.

For example:

Word Romanization Pronounciation Meaning

듣다 deutta 듣따 to listen

학교 hakkyo 학꾜 school

- When ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ are the consonants either in the batchim position, the next consonant gets
doubled.
For example:

Word Romanization Pronounciation Meaning

먹다 meokda 먹따 to eat

학생 haksaeng 학쌩 student

갑자기 gapjagi 갑짜기 all of sudden

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