HU-IoT-CoTM

HAWASSA
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COTM
building GROUP PROJECT

NO. NAME MEMBERS ID

1. ANWAR SAID…………………………..0276/08
2. ASRAT SHOSHILA………….….………0302/08
3. NEBILA ABDURAHMAN……….…….1468/08
4. BINIAM GIRMA…………………..……0430/08
5. GEMECHU HALAKE...………….……..2557/09
6 .EKRAM YASIN………….…………… …0244/07
7. SELAM KIFLU…….……………….…..1604/08
8. KIDUS PETROS …………………….…1117/08
9. MELAT TAMRAT…..……………….….1237/08
10. GETAMESAY YOHANS…………….…0869/08
3/4/2010
BIULDING PROJECT
ANU MJ
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PROJECT PROPOSAL

Title of the Project:

Contractor Address

Company name: ABC real state p.l.c

General Manager:
Legal Status: Renewed licenses & registered
E –mail:
Consultant: Hawassa city municipality

Project Location:
Country: Hawassa Ethiopia
Sub city: Around Diaspora

Total project cost: 528,100,000

Total amount: 528,100
NGO Contribution. : 580,910
Project Duration: One year for physical Implementation

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Back ground of the Organization:

ABC was established in the year 2007 E.c.as a private limited company which basically supplies
construction materials.gds with the initiative of some Local Dedicated & committed piled
Personnel who are connective with the construction industry in providing the materials in
demand and is also cause to the overall development of the construction industry in our country.

Introduction:
Even though Ethiopia has its own several ancient civilizations, from the 60s there is a great
influence by the international style of architectural design. Because of these, every building is
reduced to plain vertical and horizontal lines of concrete blocks, which being unimpressive and
ugly, are a menace to the society and a cause of environmental degradation. They are also a
cause of a complete break to traditional values and cultural patterns. Apart from that, because of
the international style influence, the country cannot relate itself with tradition while, we have not
yet been to able satisfy the basic housing needs of our people even with the modern solutions.
But I think, it is very important to learn from mistakes done on built housing blocks that were
implemented without thorough study of function. And it is important to encourage construction
of buildings with local materials and of course with consideration of functional requirements and
proper management.

The low level of housing development and huge unmet demand could be partly due to ever
mounting cost of living and labor, rising prices of building materials owing to devaluation of
local currency, escalation of land lease price, lack of periodic repair on government houses, etc.
Subsidies given to housing sector by the government and other donors to date were considerable
which currently virtually non-existing. These subsidies have been given in terms of housing plot
allotment, loan with low-interest rates, technical assistance, provision of building materials at
cost, etc. The opportunity cost of the urban land during the 1980s was estimated to be Birr 36.00
per m2. These days, it is not uncommon to hear prices well over Birr 5,000.00 per m2.

This has in general discouraged individual construction very largely. There are few if not none
who construct their houses and are mostly through cooperation. However, housing cooperation
has ceased currently. The freeze of cooperation has caused increase in price of land for
construction and housing rental cost. The government however, has continued constructing cost

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Back ground of the Organization:

ABC was established in the year 2007 E.c.as a private limited company which basically supplies
construction materials.gds with the initiative of some Local Dedicated & committed piled
Personnel who are connective with the construction industry in providing the materials in
demand and is also cause to the overall development of the construction industry in our country.

Introduction:
Even though Ethiopia has its own several ancient civilizations, from the 60s there is a great
influence by the international style of architectural design. Because of these, every building is
reduced to plain vertical and horizontal lines of concrete blocks, which being unimpressive and
ugly, are a menace to the society and a cause of environmental degradation. They are also a
cause of a complete break to traditional values and cultural patterns. Apart from that, because of
the international style influence, the country cannot relate itself with tradition while, we have not
yet been to able satisfy the basic housing needs of our people even with the modern solutions.
But I think, it is very important to learn from mistakes done on built housing blocks that were
implemented without thorough study of function. And it is important to encourage construction
of buildings with local materials and of course with consideration of functional requirements and
proper management.

The low level of housing development and huge unmet demand could be partly due to ever
mounting cost of living and labor, rising prices of building materials owing to devaluation of
local currency, escalation of land lease price, lack of periodic repair on government houses, etc.
Subsidies given to housing sector by the government and other donors to date were considerable
which currently virtually non-existing. These subsidies have been given in terms of housing plot
allotment, loan with low-interest rates, technical assistance, provision of building materials at
cost, etc. The opportunity cost of the urban land during the 1980s was estimated to be Birr 36.00
per m2. These days, it is not uncommon to hear prices well over Birr 5,000.00 per m2.

This has in general discouraged individual construction very largely. There are few if not none
who construct their houses and are mostly through cooperation. However, housing cooperation
has ceased currently. The freeze of cooperation has caused increase in price of land for
construction and housing rental cost. The government however, has continued constructing cost
Project manager Quite often, one of the biggest barriers to success in making the transition to
strategic leadership is a lack of insight into the roles that leaders need to assume at the senior
strategic level. Taxonomy is needed that defines and helps to clarify the nature of these roles and
the transition leaders must make to perform well in these roles. This in turn will help better

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prepare leaders to be successful, and to provide a framework for their development and
deployment.

Supervisor clearly and quickly works through the complexity of key issues, problems and
opportunities to affect actions (e.g., leverage opportunities and resolve issues).

Field Organizers develops a long-range course of action or set of goals to align with the
organization’s vision.

Computer Operator Identifies and exploits opportunities for new products, services, and
markets. Operate all work tasks.

Accountant proactively builds and aligns stakeholders, capabilities, and resources for getting
things done quickly and achieving complex objectives. cost payments to employees

Consultant (Engineer) Attracts, develops, and retains talent to ensure that people with the right
skills and motivations to meet business needs are in the right place at the right time.

Mission Statement: The Ethiopian government has developed several strategies and
programmers aimed at alleviating housing shortage. These include settlement up grading, site
and service schemes, tenant purchase, encouraging owner building and institutional provision of
housing to employees. To meet this need the government should revise the national housing
policy and encourage development of low cost materials technology and its dissemination. The
government should ensure the housing finance is made available to developers and
homebuilders.

Vision Statement: - Some private real estate developers are also contributing their part in
developing luxurious apartments and middle class houses while at the same time making
business. There are more real estate developers in the country currently than were before. Some
real estate developers however trade the plot without any construction despite the rules and
regulations as the escalated land price has benefited them. The provision of adequate shelter for
every family has been the long-term objective of the government. In urban areas there is a high
population growth that has led to development of squatter settlements.

Objectives of the Project:

General Objective:

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The general objective of this project is to assist the low income families in Hawassa to own low
cost but durable houses. Building materials often constitute the single largest input to housing
construction in Ethiopia. It is estimated that the cost of building materials alone can take up to 70
percent of a standard low-income formal housing unit.

Despite the fact that we are endowed with abundant natural resources that can meet our need for
building materials production, we depend largely on imported building materials and
technologies. Currently, cement stabilized soil blocks, Agro stone and rammed earth blocks
are being used for partition and other ancillary works. The raw materials are non poison and has
good resistant to radiation, it is sound proof, water proof and acid resistant.

Specific Objectives:

To construct 200 low cost but durable houses using low cost building materials such as cement
soil stabilized blocks, agro stone and rammed earth blocks.

 To construct 200 housing units using the above mentioned building materials and other
necessary cost effective construction materials for each house.
 To provide the necessary materials for the low cost construction considering the current
market price
 To provide credit among the beneficiaries so that they can clear off the credit money by
50 installments in each year.
 To provide Pit Latrine free of cost. But fencing will be done by the beneficiary
themselves with their own cost.
 To increase low income families living standards.

Strategic issues
1 low cost budget that the company have
2 new construction materials which can be produced locally
3 market analysis of the company
4 expected labor force is not skilled enough to execute the new material construction
technology
5 difficulties (hot) whether condition of the city these leads the work environment not
comfortable 6 transportation problem for employees and material that may far or lack of service
7 have management problem from managers to employees or it is not soft interpersonal relation
ships
8 week communication and inter relationship between employees
9 lack of new equipments
10 lack of good leadership

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Project Description:
Aid Proposes to undertake and implement the construction of 200 low cost housing units low
cost houses using low cost building materials such as cement stabilized soil blocks, agro stone
and rammed earth blocks / compressed earth blocks with selected durable and economic on long
term basis & capable of withstanding recurrent flood form washing away. The design of low cost
houses will be with the simplest of technology. The proposal is to have the following standard &
services in the house having proper consideration of the social aspect.

a) The house will be constructed on raised floors.

b) The house will be supported by RCC Pillars
c) The height of the house will be 3.8m
d) The roof will be constructed with 26 BWG corrugated Iron Sheets.
e) Built up area will be 90 SQ meters.
f) The fencing will be with rammed earth blocks having ventilation opening provided there.
g) One water sealed sanitary latrine will be provided for each house.
.

The houses will be simple but labor intensive because that owner of houses participation
could be ensured. Also preference will be given to families with low income. The estimated cost
of each house is 26,000 ETB . However, the doors, windows & fencing of wall be constructed
using the locally available low cost building materials and as an option of the beneficiary who
may decide and change to other materials using his/her own contribution.

The credit for each house is refundable over a period of 5 years in equal monthly installments
Half of the cost of each house will be given subsidy by the donor as we propose. 10% Service
Charge will be paid by the beneficiaries on the 50% credit & the first Installment for repayment
Will be considered due after 6 months from the date of delivery of the house. There should be
a agreement signed by both the parties so that the condition of getting house can not violated
By any party. There should be 2 witnesses of this agreement signed by the parties.

.
Duration of the Project:

Initially for physical implementation the project will require the donor will give 1 year but 50%
budget money of each house as subsidy and remaining 50% will be utilized by the beneficiary as
revolving credit fund. The group members will refund the installment f credit in each week. Thus

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group members will pay the credited amount including its service charge. If the donor desires to
get back (refund) the total credit amount, it will be refunded to them as per terms of agreement
after 5 years. But donor will not get any profit of the credit amount. They will return back the
principal amount of credit money. (If they desire at all to refund the credit money) In this way
the project will continue for 5 (Five) years and within this ten years.

Work Plan:

GDS Management has already planned through group participation and the entire project.

Beneficiaries:
Beneficiary’s low income families will be identified and selected in consultation with Group in
the project area according to criteria’s specified by the government.

Infrastructure Development:
Based on the comprehensive planning construction work of the houses will be carried out in the
project area. GDS & the Beneficiary shall jointly supervise the work & also procurement of
housing materials as per specification at reasonable cost by a procurement committee, consisting
of 5 members. In the procurement committee, group participation will be ensured.

Handover of the houses:

The construction of the entire houses will be completed and handed over to the beneficiaries’
during the project period.
Monitoring:
GDS has an executive committee and competent personnel who shall be responsible for overall
monitoring of the project. The field organizers (3) will participate in data collection and credit
collection on a regular basis. The collected data will be processed through Computer for analysis,
review, and report preparation. It is envisaged that quarterly reports will be prepared on the basis
of data collected by the field organizers.

The staff Strength:

No Personnel Quantity
1 Project manager 1
2 Supervisor 1
3 Field Organizers 3
4 Computer Operator 1
5 Accountant 1
6 Consultant (Engineer) 1 (part time)
7 Guard 2

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Total =10

Financial Management:
GDS has well established financial division staffed by qualified professionals and one of them
Will fully responsible for this project. He shall be responsible for recording of all financial
Transactions & budgetary control of the project. Quarterly financial statement of accounts will
be prepared for the GDS management. On competitions of the project external audit as a
Standard practice will be done annually and the annual audit report is made available to the
Donor, concerned, government authority and general members of

Evaluation: On completion of the project, the member of the executive committee will make an
evaluation team. The team will consist of 3, members GDS (E.C.) member's group leaders which
will check the durability of the materials whether if they .The GDS management for donor &
concern authority will prepare the evaluation report preparing checklists to identify the potential
threats and also advantages.

Raw materials

Agro-stone

Agro stone panel has several benefits compared to conventional building materials. One of the
major benefits of the product is its low-cost production. This in turn contributes towards
reducing housing construction costs. Agro stone panel nearly reduces the cost of the wall
construction by half compared with the conventional hollow concrete block walls. Unlike the
traditional building materials, Agro stone panel do not require cement plastering for finishing
work which demands considerable amount of cement. It does not also consume much water
during construction. In addition, its production utilizes energy efficient and uncomplicated
machinery which can be operated by unskilled workers.

Profitability

All these makes the panel to be cost effective than the conventional ones. In another perspective,
its lightweight property enables reduction of costs of building structures. Agro stone panel is also
quite easy to assemble and cover large area of wall within short period of time, which in turn

reduces the construction time. Its environmental friendly production as well as the above
mentioned physical properties of the Agro stone panel makes it better building materials than the
conventional materials. Agro stone panels had been patented for internal partition and non-
loading walls use. However, it has been used for external walls in number housing projects in

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Addis Ababa by treating with different finishing materials to protect from moisture attack. As the
Agro stone panels are poor to resist water.

Constructability

One of the advantages is its high tensile strength and elasticity modulus properties. Besides being
filler material, these properties make the bagasse to provide reinforcement. The second
advantage is its high resistance against solvent and chemical attacks since it has high proportion
of cellulose in its structure. The cellulose fiber makes the bagass to be highly crystalline and
stable polymer as cellulose is a linear polyglucose and is highly hydrogen bonded component.
Moreover, as bagasse is largely available agro waste material; the production of Agro stone
panels is sustainable and eco friendly, contributing to the socio-economic and environmental
well-being of the Country. The availability of baggase will increase significantly as the Country
plans to boost the sugar production by sevenfold (2.25 million tons per year) by mid 2015.

Rammed Earth blocks

The many advantages of building with rammed earth include superior thermal mass, temperature
and noise control, strength and durability, low maintenance, fire proofing, load bearing and pest
deterrence, as well as its beauty and the pleasure of building with a natural and environmentally
sound material.

Constructability

Load Bearing

Rammed earth walls at 300mm thick are load bearing, so you are unlikely to need other
structural framing for your home, reducing fire and pest susceptibility. Rammed earth also
provides substantial bracing to buildings usually well in excess of the legal requirements
achieved by most timber framed homes. Versatile Architects are using rammed earth in
commercial and domestic buildings of many styles and for many functions. Variations in texture,

color and finish are possible, and elements such as artwork, reliefs, patterns, circular windows,
alcoves and feature stones can be incorporated.

We have created multi colored decorative feature walls for some clients. It is a natural product
which blends beautifully with the environment and other natural building materials, as well as
with light weight man-made materials such as Color bond a combination used in several award-

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winning homes. grounds’ lightweight buildings, providing a feeling of structural solidity and
security. Pest Proof Termites and other pests simply aren’t interested in rammed earth, and as the
walls are load bearing it reduces the amount of termite-tempting structural timber. There are no
cavities in rammed earth walls for pests to live in, or to use as a route to the roof or other
timbers.

Low Maintenance

Rammed earth walls are extremely low maintenance. Once they are built and sealed, they
shouldn’t need any further attention for at least 10-20 years. At that point exposed walls may
benefit from a second coat of sealer, which is an easy process. They are features that stand alone
and don’t need finishing with plasterboard or render, inside or outside.

There is no need to ever again spend time and money painting. However, if you do want a
different finish, rammed earth walls can be treated in the same way as other masonry walls. You
can cover them by applying plaster or render, or paint them.

Environmental friendly

Healthy and Environmentally Friendly Rammed earth is non-toxic, non-polluting and breathe .
This creates safer, more people-friendly buildings. It is very low in embodied energy, and
extremely comfortable to live in.

Economic: The houses will give adequate shelter & protection from rain & flood to the
Beneficiaries. The houses will also reduce incidence of common diseases due to the use of Better
house & Hygienic Pit Latrine, which is very much hygienic for health of the house Dwellers.

Social: It will enhance the social dignity and self confidence of the beneficiaries with Better
space and privacy. It will strengthen bondage among the family members that will be a source of
aspiration. It will also enhance ones belonging to culture.

Environmental impact assessment

As the basic construction materials are cement soil stabilized blocks, rammed earth blocks,
Agro-stone and corrugated iron sheets, there will be reduced pressure on forest products. In
addition, Maintenance of the houses will not require much forest products. Thus the houses will

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lessen the pressure on forests and will be ecologically beneficial on the other hand, by using
sealed Pit Latrine which will safe from different type of water borne diseases. Thus
environmentally each of the houses will be health giving in all its aspects of the dwellers.

Benefits of Cement soil Stabilized block

Blocks Soil has been one of the primary components of construction since ancient times, finding
applications in a variety of forms like mud plaster, adobe blocks, and rammed earth to name a
few. With the development of technology, fired brick came into existence which improved the
performance of soil and made them more water resistant and durable. Other forms of soil
utilization slowly faded into oblivion due to their inability to resist damage due to water ingress
in moist environments. Thus, fired bricks have been the primary building material for
construction for a long time. However, in the recent years there has been a shift away from the
utilization of fired bricks towards eco-friendly building materials. Utilization of waste based
construction materials like fly ash bricks has become one of the popular choices.

Contractibility
The materials adopted in the manufacture of the compressed stabilized earth blocks include the
locally available soil, cement, and SBA. The soil adopted in the study was collected from a lake
shore in village, district. The geotechnical properties of the soil were tested in the laboratory in
accordance with the Bureau of Standards (BIS) codes and are tabulated in. The cement adopted
in the stabilization of the soil for the manufacture of compressed stabilized block is OPC.

Economical
Cement stabilization of locally available soil can be used in the manufacture of stabilized soil
blocks to meet the compressive strength and water absorption norms of BIS specifications.
Cement stabilization of soil at 4% cement content meets the specifications of class 20 blocks
whereas cement stabilization of soil at 10% cement content meets the specifications of class 30
blocks.

Environment friendly

Addition of SBA to cement in stabilization results in an increase in the water absorption of the
blocks but is still comfortably within the norms stipulated by BIS. However, the addition of SBA
produces more water absorption at higher cement content of 10% than lower cement content of

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4% for similar SBA contents, again reinforcing the inference that SBA addition is more effective
at lower cement content.

Profitability
The durability aspect of the cement stabilized blocks has not been investigated in this study.
Hence, it is recommended that the durability aspect of cement stabilized blocks admixed with
SBA should be taken up in future investigations

Conclusion
The study involved the utilization of combination of cement and SBA in the manufacture of
stabilized soil blocks and gauges its performance with plain cement stabilized blocks as well as
the minimum requirements stipulated by BIS code. Based on the results of the experimental
investigation carried out.

Detailed Budget per unit cost of the house

No Description Unit
price
(ETB)
01 4"x4" RCC column with 3/8" MS bar, Tee & ½" 10 4900
Nos.
02 Woodier Frame, Truss for roof including nail 3/8" nut 4100
bolt 8.06 cft.
03 Door frame (Agro stone) door shutter (wooden) with 2500
tinge, 1.58 cft.
04 7, Long, 26 BWG, CI sheet for roof, ridge, screw, etc. 3500
L.S.
05 Rammed earth blocks (outside) Fencing on wall, 2 at 3600
roof including agro stone window, window cover, GI
wire & bamboo L.S.
06 5"x2" cement soil stabilized blocks wall with plaster 4700
complete 58 rft.
07 Labor cost for fixing house L.S. 1500
08 Water sealed latrine 1 Unit 1250
Total unit per cost 26,050
Including (VAT)

A) Construction of house Cost

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No Budget Particulars Total budget
(ETB)
01 Construction of house per unit. 26,000 13,000,050
ETB each x 500
Sub total 13,000,050

B. salaries staff

No Budget Particulars Budget (ETB)

01 Project coordinator 5,000 PM ×13 months× 1 person 62,000
02 Supervisor 4,000PM × 13 months× 1 person 52,000
03 Field Organization 3,500 PM×13 month× 3 person 136,500
04 Computer operator 4,000 PM×13 month × 1 person 52,000
05 Accountant 4,000PM×13 months× 1 person 52,000
06 Guard 2,500 PM× 13 months× 1 person 32,500
07 Consultant (Engineer) part time 8000 PM 13 month. 104,000
Subtotal of B 491,100

C. capacity cost

No Budget Particulars Unit price

(ETB)
01 Motorcycle for coordinator with license & hamlet. 12,000
02 Bicycle for the 3 field organizers 5,000 each 15 000
03 Computer with printer 1, 60,000 60,000
04 Communication Phone, Fax, Photocopy & stationeries 1,000 72,000

3× 12 month.
05 Audit & Evaluation 20, 000
06 Miscellaneous expenses 10,000
189,000

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D. Project Recurring Cost

House rent will not be needed as become we have rented Budget (ETB)
home in each unit Station ring @2,000.00 per
month 12 months 24,000
Subtotal of ‘D’ 24,000

Summary of the budget

01 Construction of Houses Cost 13,000,000

02 Salaries of Staff Cost: 491,100

03 Capacity Cost 189,000

04 Project Recurring Cost 24,000

Total Cost of Amount 528,100

Local Contribution of NGO 10% 52,810

ETB 580,910

Utilization of local building materials and technologies

Building materials often constitute the single largest input to housing construction in Ethiopia. It
is estimated that the cost of building materials alone can take up to 70 percent of a standard low-
income formal housing unit. Despite the fact that we are endowed with abundant natural
resources that can meet our need for building materials production, we depend largely on
imported building materials and technologies. No considerable research is conducted in Ethiopia
that initiate and disseminating findings to the potential users. Currently, Agro stone is being used
for partition and other ancillary works. The raw materials for agro stone are agricultural raw
materials as filler (70-75%), minerals as binders and bond accelerators and fiberglass as
reinforcement. The materials are non poison and has good resistant to radiation, it is sound proof,
water proof and acid resistant, it can withstand fire up to 118 minutes, ...etc. The technology is
imported form china and we now have qualified professionals and production centres in Addis
Ababa

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Effective implementation strategies

This is the first and most important step in the challenge of providing cost efficient shelter for all.
The key for overcoming these constraints is to promote an effective facilitative role in order to
harness the full potential of all actors in housing production. The governments has adopted
enabling shelter strategies and initiated actions to support the actors in the housing delivery
process. There is however extensive room for improvement and articulation in this area and close
the gap what is on paper as a policy document and what is really happening on the ground. In our
case too much eagerness and starting construction of many houses at a time has resulted in labor
price escalation, material shortage and dalliance of construction period. No project in the history
of IHDP has been finalized with the speculated project time and cost.

Structure of the project

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