nRAVITATION CH 8 FLeNt.

Kelalc's Lao of lanetany Motion

The Heo lau o keplon-

au o Otbits1 ALL blancts mane in elliptical.

oAbits uith aun aituald a aTno
tha foci ol tha ellible
2La AA0aA Tho line hatjolns any falana
to ihAun Auwee eqd ana
te
n eual inteaal.otimo
AA Constant
3.Loue aniadA
Iho uane the timo aenicd as2alulion_ela
planotia
ia_badpetional Jo to euhaotHa demima
atid c to ellbse Le
Toe
T TKS

* laneta moe AloueA whan they a fantihokaam

Aun and mo feAti whon thay dao nea0s to tha

AA- onatant L Angulon monrdum

2

A A
P- Feihalin
AA

A Aphalion

Sun
 0ata
Paga Ho.

ntvessal lad alGavitatio

Mathematial fonm-

m and m2 A tho masses otuo partielcs and

stho distance batueen dhom, tho deAce ol
magnifude
attaaction lbotuseen tham Jhu

Gm m
the univessal Conttante 9aitaticn,
whana n =ia6.67xjo- Nm/k42_,G]=inLT22

Vecton FoAm-
m

and amm2

FF
Chanackeiatic of buauitational lonce
inteueninq medium.
a ) Tia indlabodont o
t does not doleent on Hha pAence of ethen kadie
01 pointobyacts.
() A valid foa sbenicall Aymmatieal
i a exthemoly Amal fonce

Gnautation
PAineiblo of Supenpostion e
Tha Asultant qaUÁHalonal feie F, 2ting,
om a
Aantielo due t numben o pont maHAA thg
wca Aum h t faiced due to allIndiuidual
 Fret fa i t6s t
Accelnalon due ta MauitEn a baty due
accedonation oduced
Th on th'a
eanth'sAuaace
Aular
a bocky efmais m ying
gsaiteal forceis bsgiwd
M Mas eakK
f Ga m m mas Hhe basly
R
KRacdiu qtecaH
put f- mtau
= a Mm
R2

R2
At mosn valuo e d na Aixth oit valua atauthdm
The hanidadional Condea:Cavedish's Erheima
T aluso a' tan be deteumined ezperimantlly
b Cavendish.Etaismont

A
L

Hee

At o eliiiun
 Data
Page No.

Olo4envaun al Ahus enahles tho caculation

ú :The cuhently accepted value of a=667kloM
Mas and Dentity Last
Mas eanth 1 : JR

Mean clonaito o tha earth

P 39
4TaR
Vaniation Hcceleralion Duo to inauiky
Eftacto ALtitda
At the snlace o eaath (AA A)
R2

At A hagkt fom eantk sunface kast

AtB RRadiu eant

CRth)
Aom a) and Ca)

9
R2
(Rth)
Uaing binomial exþ10ssion en e
R

ee fen &mall height h valueoi 1desaaues a

a Jacert-2

Eect o Dopth
Attha suslace o asthCat A)
9-aM1
R

AR
Eanths

At dobth d_CAt B)
GTCR4,P
(R4)2
0o mRd) - 2)
3
fADm a) and 2)
aa(R-d4)
hR

R-d
R
 0ate
Page No.

Thu as we go down bala dha eanthSace

he valua o7 elae0a4es b fac(1-
&At tha contaa c tha eanth d:R_, then
0
Le athe cenke ho eanth becemoA zoo

Ualuo o u maximum at tha Aunface of eanth and

it doeraLëA uhathen we qe up eá clotn
nsanitational, field
Te Apace anDund a badwhich anyothes bady
expeslences a gaauitatickhlJerce ia éaled gaauttoral
eld
ntensity haavtatienal,field
Jokensit o gaukalenal field at dny peint i ziunb4
GnMm

I GM

unit -N/a Dimensicn.aqI -[LT2

Heaa w e can A02 h a t
I Lacc cus b ravit) a9
te The gavitalenal Jelcd ntentit dre to eauth
jscalled ac"da do gAaty
vAavitciornal feteillal
t olafined as Ha amount c wenk donQ n
is
binginga laodly of unit maii fom ènfiniky to
a insicle h freld
V=-Car
Uit-J7Kg
Guaitational btental enengy
i tia eluallt ho woAk dono in biinqinq an
obreet fom ininiy to aeointEin ho ghauhtanal
field oa aaoly
U-aKlm
-e gn skouwsthat tha jootental enoAgu U_deriase
wi Jnenale, in distance

Ezhssian Jen haauwkinal elential Lneg

Lot o Pe ad JR
LIhen the bady s at A d

P
he uo4k donain moung a diskae dx

d=fdx

the atal ueAk done n

mouing
 Date
Page No.

lfd
q.d

hia uerk dones the qLavitational lotential Enas

Le

U jsmaximum at o At ois value J4 Zono

Fos an isolated Aystem e pauliclos Ha total
petenlial eng Aequal haAum e enangies
foa allpossibla aids
LAcape sheod
The minimum spaad A0quiAd hy an ohwet to
eAcape faom he auitaienal field 'o eaut and
nAne Atuuns
Escapesped Ve 2aM
R
foA eant Ve =ll2 Km/s
 Expussiem for tha Escabe saocl!
By t consesnatOn o enng

hono
R m
and U : -a7m

Hene U and Kk aa zano because a t a

Ubacomas z0nc and k will alAA ba zeno
laeeaue fnal elociky ul be zo0
ThuA
m u-g t1m -0t0
hve2

Ve 2ht1

Ve 2 hM
but aM-Js,ttho
Ve 2
toa eanth ecabe speiel
l:2Km/s is
FoAmOnm escape sbadia 23 Km/s ohich
JA SthimeA amalle Han eanth. TWs da fhe
A0aAon mon has n o
atmaspkana
 Date
Page No.

Eantb Satellites -
Earth satellites ane ha okfecks uukeh AAvatua
aLound He eaAth

Abital Shcod e_a Satelito

The unimum Ap00d A0qLuisOd to outE t a saellito
into a qunen chlkil asund tha eauth.
Lle Constalin a Aatellito in acneulan ohit o
alistance (Rth) LWhoa Ris Aadius o emh and
h ia tha heizht et Aatellte som easthAuace
Hen ha centaibla esce ú Jetouuded hiy ha
9pautalTonal fesce olo
Cn M
(R+W CRthy
2

Rth
V=áM

Tus Vo dloeneaueA a hinereases

fo hE0
Va
R
v R
tos eaut V78 Km/s fa lav nth orbiEJ
Ttmo Peucd e_a salellute
T 2CRtk)
Vo
 Vo Rth
T 2TREK)

Rth
T :2 T C R t h ) 2

aM

Aialos
Cm AQLuanng the aoth
T 4T Rth)
CnM
T =K CRth) -(2)
whene K 4
2
: kCRth veniftes Keblon's lau 9aenlou
*Sfsalellike ia OAy cloe o the eanth te. h ta
LAt gmalHoa
o 27R% fAomea)

O To2 R
fAM-JR
NaR
T 2A
 Dat
Page No

ut R64ooRm 9 8 m/s2
we geE
T 8S min

aA OAbitinq SaBellila
EnoAgy
KC 2 mV
mGM
V oRtho
a
Rth

2CRth)

autalional þateniial eno1g4 ata

Nr ho
olistance"(Rth) ú
PE a 1m -O)
Rt

Total iegy
E KEt PE
GMm Mm
2(RI Rth

Tptal tnony E = -
Gm
2CRth)
C3)
9End9tha Satellite
is alse called Birdin9
Qnd )
Aom ) , ( 2 )
-E =tKE=-Pi£

2
 n te cicula eAbit case Ho fdal Ehe9y 6
i s Coutant and -
Satellitos an aluays at a inite distanie_fAom
eath and hauce oi endngieA Can nat bo:

neostaionany and folan Satellites-

heastahoahy Salelike -
The satellite which aluays abbeana statiamny.to
Oncbseve on the eanth i callec qeastationaay_
Aatelte DA g20AYnemonous Aatellhtö
hey mowe anourd he ean in eqatouial plaro,
+Thdy haue aamo timelaeuod as h Aotaton el
eaH
Hig altituda sakellite(ha36,o00 km )

Vaes Raclio communieatton TVansmtsien

Palan Satellilo
The satellitos Aovolua ancund Ha eah in a
ciAclos noith tosCuth asbik,Jaases Oen aalad
Lou AHituda L Soo- Gro Km
Anglos o inclinaliend c bit uith equakua
plano i q0',
AlAO_calld sun Aynchmamouk saalila
UAeA Monteuing climata change,Ramote Rnhing
mORMAoSs and enuisanmont atuolied
 Date

Page No.

leighluAneM
d t h e situalion in shich electiue weakk
o he body lacc0mak ZoA0
A ast0naule expeniemces a weigut lossnes n
a space atellte.

anitallonal fed due o holloo Aphoe

Sf R insiole tho sploa
MR
2italienal field
X= Rce at tho dnace
I:-aM
R

I:-u
hxauitatisnal Aeld_due o elid sploaa
I=-atML
RS

X =R

R2

I =-M

Relalion bo Vo anVe
V and Ve =
29k
Ve Vo