CHAPTÉR.

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cE
ELECTRIC PoTENT/DI AND_CAPAC1I
tm
-x-

Eleckrosetic fotonhia work done by an

exhinal

CCA n bitgtmg ho
inibosihve Chah0 -fhom tinlr to Hpolnt
in_eloc1i ield a called Oelechnc otemihal
V=_wN

a Atalas quantty ha s u ia Vol

rotenhalDifferenc Ihe wak doni in
MOng q_umiL bos1hve
Chang ron pon to amplhs ih hoLtinc-
ieldiA Lallld batemaial_dieslnce blkoem
unDIntt_

WAB
Vs-VA=E
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Eledric fptenhal X-
duu to a_pointChah

CMsidesa hoint Chabgl q platlcl al o

Ne iamlo calculate the elocic Lolendia
apolntP at a dlAjamY fm b
di F
A

Suppnse_hat a test Chaig9 20 LAhlacLdad

E a_distamu X fmaJhe Amall amaumt
NOK don In_m
memng the -ed Chalpe Gopm
A n Bhrak Anh!! pldatLmemt_dai
0GAImAE elehosiahc fmi_E
dw
Fdx l180
dW =Fd
TotalAmount_o hK done n MOMng_he
Chas pronL=O_o x = (alP_
=Y
Ldw = TL.190dz
TEO2
=
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W= 440

Jhe elechni polential at P

V=_

E
E
V
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Elucdric Potenhial dut to a dlt

(ay aE axial ppinE
Lonsicdesa pomt Lan the aXIA2 diboli a adkan
From mid bolnt eleChni dtol

AP= +9
BP =Y-
Flhchioiential_dut ta Chas92 L-9)at P

lechic pstemtial duL tn elosgelt2) at P

V2=Hee ¥4-
Total potenal at P
V= Vt V

UNZOFU

4TEO Yta

L124
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Dato:

V=
a

Y2
a an epuonal Pojt

AP-Bf =(T40)
Elechi pateahal_al P dul to Chahge_(-9)
VE
Mo Y4a)z
eluchn patenhal at PduntoehaxgeLL2)
Na=
Ne patemtial_atP
VI+V2
O
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uikemal
axt
axid n m ep mnm
at a point nuihn On nuhAumaXIS Y
Conds a boinl P whiclh i
eutanal aia- P

M,
+2

oP
OM a Cs e
g Cos 6
ON =

APAN = X+ a as

ak Pdul ta ehaspe (-2)

Chchic pbienhal

potenial_ak P due o ehaage(+2

| Clachii
Y-aCos0
Total fotential al
V= V+V2

T-0CSD HUESOTT

4 f i t s o T t s S -
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Date

NCO
3

Electric fotential dut to Systom ot

Changes
2,

elechi polenhal a du lo Chaigp12,a

e-
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Date

Elusue Potenficl u
Thin sbhesical Shell
to q umermally T
(Ddsid R
N
m hSushal Y=K

V=

Insidi Shel!r<R
he elch otCntial nsido Sholl n Can8tam
and iuepLLa to tho botemhal Qt ho SukJalA
= 4TED R

R
 p a p e r g r i d

Reladia befwce clechc ilenlhal 2nd ll

fld
/v d

Omsth ton tlesely sacod epuidotenial Susacd A

And B will polential vaui V_amd tu
hel be hi onl al_Suhfat1_B di uhi
ebenrditulas dikkant _of Swrha m_
CcmsiltA a wmiboSItive Chasge _14 mVed
m Su/at B Sulace_A QgaLnst CLeem
sitld
Jhe dent= Ed
VA-VL dl
V-(V+dv)= Edt

Calld id Prienhel
d ghadent

eghve Sgn Shrns Hhal eluchfeld a in

cairchion n WMCh lh potenhal ahchLakA.
h
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Eguilofndial uh.latr Jusfacl

i l h Comslamd
v a l u s

hotenlial ol_all pot_anthe Suda

a epulpolential SuhfatDs of a Sungk polIT
Concenic ghhiauchl ukalla
hasgo ahi
Comheb al the Chah/

Equpadenha SuhlacA far awnlyam eleelhic

eld

EElnclhit field hugnea AA peipendiculas h th

epuipalenhal Suiaa
Eho laaK_dang n mouAg a lhaigP On
epuihlenihal Suhlare 1 ZsO
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Date:

h eleclc_fatomhalEnt'y- eneAI
l o t e m l h a l e n e y

ofaSylem of point Chasges dtmlo Chahfs- h

Amaum ol uionk cone_inaemhng_the
al thur
LDCahionarom Infinity
roTemhal Enehsy ofa System ot ho hnt C
Consi des he
a_þomt hange g_oB_point tn
Spaco
Ih0 Okdni in_bmgip Chang A_A

W= OD

Nau Chahge 2A brayghb

fiOm infhiyV do point_
olemtialat z due to Change9
V=

wOK dOML_jn_ mngernp Change 92 at P

W = 22 V.
L 2
ASWaI_A SBarecd n tho m af_ptemdial
eng oh Syltem_
U= WIt W2
1) = z
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Date:

ol_q Qten_of threL

o1nhia Lutngy
ham
Consideshye ChakgesAhe bxOUPhI= U
tho bbint PP_and kO
Ininmy to
LV

Y2
lark domg n bnnginp ha89L

NoK deM0 n_bmngunp ChaA9£_n-

lak clone I bungInp PhaAg! 43-

eY3 Y23 |
41932:3
4RLO L3 3
Hen Patenhal tntigy ulon
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Date:

Lomduclor.s_Condatm. mobilk Cha9L

CanduclS eluphn a t
In a mkl, He Valcncy
eeo
e e to mave. hese Cletchons a h om p h a
anhin_metal buu_hof faeo to lave fre_elkerns

In exknal elochic feld hikA

meyes agaLn he elorinL feld ebclos
bound
he_pdsa}ire nuclaLand
hÜMaLis h thurixed_ps1tiCns:Chasge aIBLA
LmoluCAashL
n_ eltlralyhe

Insida Lonaduthar PlLchni feld v AAD

Suklau_eluchni keld i nomal p A
2 A he
Sufalp t
_au_hon_nsid-
l h o h e i o neE_Chaige Chaii_mLLs
he_lonalucer @md ahy excosA
reAlde at Suhrfac thruhdu-
4he_elhthostahi potemtial 4 Lenzhant
Comducha and haA Same yaluy
hovolumi
On ik SLaL
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Date

Jhue ahsngn torclulhrg u

O
he diebthnis have V
L a k s i J A

Oneghgilh no) cf_Chale

mlhtulu of a SULEJantu may be pola
pola molncul
Non Polah Jna ncn pola Cnd
Centies of posihve
negalve Chahge Conudf
Shesh moltulu_des ni ha
Omanont loctnL dinlMCtnen
loz) amd Hydlnl H)-
CXHgen
VCahbandinxids[Co)

ola In a_polas_melutule the lemhes o

psive Choke_anclnigafve Chaigl-
h Jepahaleod Suth moheulls hav_pL3marl
cclkmdnnti
LxHl one H20 Cho exampllA of_bla
MoluCullu

In an exkanal elutinc ftlal, the esuhe and

negarive hakges_ca_nm-Llai molttule
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Dale

dipale_momeniHududpad i non pab

molicul
he _cluelbchic i daid o e polah secl b
exksnal elLthic ield
A oltelclsMc Lilh_a_olah molaCule, _absen

oexenal cluchc eld he dilfehent a

difolas aS ented handamby_cudlo tHiMMO
091laho.A Ao_hat-ho tolaldibplamamend s-
when am exkknal_held_ia albheo ho
ndiudua dipsle mmehk_lend allipn lin
the held
o fhwhp _a nt_dpolamanont_ih thuhechn_
elnglhic td: h dielatilks is laicdlh bt polahM
h In_hath lalts_bola amd n0n-O
dellthucAah plotoolh exBehna eloenuheld
2e diolocht_mamlnd _ dencdaplo
IA Callodalahlhhiom

NoextAhal -eid Inextthhal Alla

Ngm pola Molkeuleu

exta
No exlenalfHelo PAlah Mobeud
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viats

Capatulas-> Cafutih u a lyem D

two Conlatlors asakd k
an nAulaby
In_þraclic,he fuo Cmducts hone
hages and-q Lwith_ bolemhal difoeno V
beheen them-

Londuchr l oujettly
okakanalb_ poteadial difphante bebucin HL
PLales
CV S n t ú fafGd
hes ia a Camulamt_cdoAMOy-
hlhich iaLallha Cobacanc h e apau
_ thcdlpendent o V:
dokemds upon Shape, S1SLpahaktcn C
ahu nsulatar.

Zieletlaic HEngth2Jhe maxium clthiz_held hat

a duclechnc mudilmn Can
uzihsiand wilhaul heakKdrun_i Callud deucn
Sh enqth
Sphpstal Cabaelkz
Act LAth Chaig ivem to
aSpheal Caaul rachusK
oknha
VERLDK
Lofeihent/
C NEK
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Iasall Plal: tabauih

Elecdic
ha plal
ficld in bchocon

Jhi polenhal oteong A

bohueem_hi pläles

Coattanu C=
C=cocA

Alhern ta gap heheen the plales hldLt

diolochn mLdum e_dieletnc Cmtant K
hin Cataritano
KCoA
C .C
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Cabacktene_cbaialel Plaie Cofacder

Lwilh a dielldac Slab dhu@kIcA7

Cnsdth a kalallal blale

Capauphan ChosSSeclral Lo
aAlad each alk Aad
du he SqyalalimbeheOm
theplal
A dielchac bhledhtkng
LAInhoducaol n behaeomthe pbipIhecliemi
Geld n_the subiu Lo
Tokal Btential_
V toxd+t
Eo

ACo
LahautaMu ce

d-lt

t=d1
coA

KlcoA
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CombiraiOn of Lapau lons

aCaatu as)
a i a S o
SeLeA hi
h a l p o l e n t u a l
topatinL,4
d l f h e n dI 7
a u C h

Lonnikd

Cach duwm

om Calacilancu d onbinahiom 4
dh total patenhal aches CCmbinaiCh
V- V+V2

Fa a Suem naatif n SolA

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Date

b_Cafpacikas in_ þahallet Jn_palall!

ombinah

atemfialdllehonL

QcAasseach cakaeikr 1emaLns lahl

Pakace
c h _ a k

COnneclec naiallol
C

V C

V e
Total Change

CV=YV, FEV2 FGV

CG+27C

Ingenal N Capaella
CCtCztC n
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Date

hanbe
sides hal toklChasge g le. y
pate blate_o mothOA Þlale
pIA NE-
Hhpaiemtial dleM, heme_ e
Caaea_q abaeiax
have
=C
V=

Zh Amall_amunt ol NOkdme din D-

heneshLip the haigo_do-

dw=Vda
o do
o boK don n hansjEAemD_
ohlamgnat
ho tokalLhaigR_o

W=

W-CV
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Skn ec

C oA

A
A x

=Co xA

whsEu the eluiihie Aelct

 2Lakaz2
pape

Date:

Cammam Potemgial. Comsides

Qnd ea Gmd Ptemtials v, doV2
Lonneçled in_bahallel
he_hedAtibution Chohge_uil
slac Hll he foemftal deh Co _ 1 4 -

be cOmes epLLal to'Y:2hispoJemI

Callro Cammn polndial
Chakge Om_Catauhs C2C2
=GV
ToBal halgo belare ConMeciNH
=
Cha3ge alten Connechng hetakatu.
Tokl
=(CLGV

o the Lansali0nc LhaP

ACCrdn
VEC2 V2
UV V
CLC2
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Date

Whem two Cofaellas

Q Comneckd Cn_paiallel
th sLd&mbuhn d chokge l l ake plati
au dikanbulibn c haly fhi nA}
SEm LS LoS
lEnLGy ane Lonneefing

bhen thi lohatiens ase Conneced inbalolll

Ne Cahaelanu C= (+2
y V
Na Patenta
TA Enthg ate Connechin

CC2
thDauhost
AU=_U- U,

A =- C VV,