PILES ON SAND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Analyze problem considering

LEARNING piles on sand.
OUTCOME
 BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE
𝑄𝑏 = 𝑃𝑣 𝑁𝑞 𝐴𝑡𝑖𝑝
2
𝑁𝑞 = tan 𝜃𝑅 + 1 + tan2 𝜃𝑅 𝑒 2𝜑𝑝 tan 𝜃𝑅
𝜃𝑅 = 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐾 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝜋 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑
𝜑𝑝 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑓𝑡, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
3 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 0.60 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1.25
𝜋 𝑃𝑣 = 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑝 = 𝛾𝑠 ℎ1 (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ℎ1 = 𝐷𝑐)
𝜑𝑝 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒, 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
2
𝛾𝑠 = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 Note: The pressure below the critical depth Dc is
assumed to be uniform.
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
tan 𝜃 = 𝜇 (𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝐷𝑐 = 20 × 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑁𝑞 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝑐 = 10 × 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
FRICTIONAL CAPACITY OF PILE
𝑄𝑓 = 𝑃 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑣 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐾𝜇

𝑃 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒

𝐾 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑
𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 0.60 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1.25
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑

tan 𝜃 = 𝜇 (𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)

 PROBLEM 1.0
A circular pile having a diameter of 0.30 m is 12.0
m long as shown in the figure which is embedded in a
layer of dense compacted sand having the given
properties.
Lateral pressure, K = 1.2
Nq = 80 kN/m2
Coeff. Of friction = 0.40
FS = 3.0
1. Compute the point bearing capacity of the pile
2. Compute the frictional capacity of the pile.
3. Compute the allowable capacity of the pile
assuming a factor of safety of 3.
1. Point bearing capacity: 𝑄𝑏 = 𝑃𝑣 𝑁𝑞 𝐴𝑡𝑖𝑝
𝐷𝑐 = 20 0.3 = 6 𝑚
(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑)
Note: At a depth of 6 m below the ground,
the pressure is constant.
𝑃𝑣1 = 18 4 = 72 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝛾′ = 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝛾𝑤

𝑃𝑣 = 72 + 20 − 9.81 2 = 92.38 𝐾𝑃𝑎

𝜋
𝑄𝑏 = 𝑃𝑣 𝑁𝑞 𝐴𝑡𝑖𝑝 = 92.38 80 0.3 2 = 𝟓𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵
4
2. Frictional capacity: 𝑄𝑓 = 𝑃 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑣 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐾𝜇
1 72 + 92.38
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑣 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = (72)(4) + (2) + 92.38(6)
2 2

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑣 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 862.66

𝑄𝑓 = 𝜋 0.3 862.66 1.2 (0.40)

𝑸𝒇 = 𝟑𝟗𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝑵
𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑄𝑏 + 𝑄𝑓
3. Design Capacity: 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 = =
𝐹𝑆 𝐹𝑆
522.40 + 390.26
𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 = 𝑸𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 = 𝟑𝟎𝟒. 𝟐𝟐 𝐤𝐍
3
 PROBLEM 2.0
A concrete pile having a diameter of 0.30 m
driven into a loose sand. FS = 3.25
1. Compute the ultimate bearing capacity of the
pile
2. Compute the ultimate frictional capacity of the
pile.
3. Compute the length of the pile.
1. Point bearing capacity: 𝑄𝑏 = 𝑃𝑣 𝑁𝑞 𝐴𝑡𝑖𝑝
𝐷𝑐 = 10 0.3 = 3 𝑚 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑)
Note: At a depth of 3 m below the ground,
the pressure is constant.
𝑃𝑣 = 20 3 = 60 𝐾𝑃𝑎

𝜋 2
𝑄𝑏 = 60 80 0.3 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵
4

𝐿−3
 𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑄𝑏 + 𝑄𝑓
2. Frictional capacity: 𝑄𝑎𝑙𝑙 = =
𝐹𝑆 𝐹𝑆
339.3 + 𝑄𝑓
170 = 𝑸𝒇 = 𝟐𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵
3.25

3. Length of Pile: 𝑄𝑓 = 𝑃 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑣 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐾𝜇

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑣 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = (60)(3) + 60(𝐿 − 3)
2
1
213.20 = 𝜋 0.3 (60)(3) + 60(𝐿 − 3) 0.90 (0.40)
2
𝐿−3
𝑳 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎 𝒎
 PROBLEM 3.0
A circular pile having a diameter of 0.30 m is L m
long as which is embedded through clay into a
dense compacted sand. Water table is located at
the top of sand layer. Lateral pressure factor for
compression, K = 1.2. The allowable capacity of
the pile is 300 kN. Use FS = 3.0.
1. Compute the effective vertical stress at the
critical depth.
2. Compute the ultimate skin frictional capacity of
the pile.
3. Compute the total length of the pile neglecting
the skin friction in clay layer.
1. Effective vertical stress at the critical depth: Pv
𝐷𝑐 = 20 0.30 = 6 𝑚 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑)
Note: At a depth of 6 m below the ground,
the pressure is constant.
𝛾′ = 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝛾𝑤

𝑃𝑣 = 12 4.2 + 18 − 9.81 (6)

𝑷𝒗 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝑷𝒂
 𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑄𝑏 + 𝑄𝑓
2. Frictional capacity: 𝑄𝑎𝑙𝑙 = =
𝐹𝑆 𝐹𝑆
𝜋
𝑄𝑏 = 𝑃𝑣 𝑁𝑞 𝐴𝑡𝑖𝑝 = 99.54 78 0.3 2 = 548.81 𝑘𝑁
4
548.81 + 𝑄𝑓
300 = 𝑸𝒇 = 𝟑𝟓𝟏. 𝟏𝟗𝒌𝑵
3
3. Length of Pile: 𝑄𝑓 = 𝑃 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑣 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐾𝜇
50.4 + 99.54
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑣 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 6 + 99.54(𝑥)
2
50.4 + 99.54
351.90 = 𝜋 0.3 6 + 99.54(𝑥) 1.20 (0.42)
2
𝑥 = 2.93 𝑚 𝐿 = 4.20𝑚 + 6 𝑚 + 2.93 𝑚 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟎 𝒎
SETTLEMENT OF PILES Next Topic!