John Michael Angelo D.

Erasmo BS ME 3
ME 3122 Machine Design 1
Assignment 1
Practice Problems:

1. A cylindrical tank is subjected to a maximum pressure of 5 MPa. The inside diameter is 1100
mm while the riveted joint has a longitudinal pitch of 40 mm and there are two straps placed. The
design stress for the plate and the rivets are 150 N/mm2 and 190 N/mm2, respectively. Determine
the thickness of the plate. Assume 70% efficiency of the joints.
(ans. 26.2 mm)
Given:
𝑃 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 5 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 𝑆𝑡𝑝 = 150 N/mm2 𝐸 = 70%

𝐷𝑖 = 1100𝑚𝑚 𝑆𝑡𝑟 = 190 N/mm2

Solution:
𝑃𝐷 𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑆𝑡 = 2𝑡 𝐸𝑖 → 𝑡 = 𝑆
𝑡 2𝐸

𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑡=𝑆
𝑡𝑝 2𝐸

5 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 (1100𝑚𝑚)
= N
150 (2) 0.70
mm2

𝐭 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟏𝟗 𝐦𝐦 𝐨𝐫 𝟐𝟔. 𝟐 𝐦𝐦

2. Determine the wall thickness of a 50 inches steel tank with internal pressure of 10 MPa. The
yield stress of material is at 350 MPa. The factor of safety to use is 2.5.
(ans. 1.78 inch)
Given:
𝐷𝑖 = 50 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 1270 𝑚𝑚 𝑆𝑡 = 350 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 350 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝑃 = 10 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 10 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 𝑓 = 2.5
Solution:
𝑃𝐷𝑖 𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑆𝑡 = 𝑓 → 𝑡 = 𝑓𝑆
2𝑡 𝑡 2

𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑡 = 𝑓𝑆
𝑡 2

10 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 (1270 𝑚𝑚)

= 2.5 350 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 (2)

𝐭 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟑𝟔 𝐦𝐦 𝐨𝐫 𝟏. 𝟕𝟖 𝐢𝐧

3. A cylindrical gas tank with 12 inches inside diameter contains oxygen gas at 2000 psi. Calculate
the required wall thickness in (mm) under stress of 20,000 psi.
(ans. 1.52 cm)
Given:
𝐷𝑖 = 12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 30.48 𝑐𝑚 𝑆𝑡 = 20000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑃 = 2000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
Solution:
𝑃𝐷𝑖 𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑆𝑡 = →𝑡=𝑆
2𝑡 𝑡 2

𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑡=
𝑆𝑡 2

2000 𝑝𝑠𝑖(30.48 𝑐𝑚)

= (20000 𝑝𝑠𝑖) 2

𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐 𝒄𝒎

4. Determine the allowable pressure load of a cylindrical tank with a thickness of 0.80 cm with 40
inches diameter, design stress of 6000 psi.
(94.5 psi)
Given:
𝑡 = 0.80 𝑐𝑚 𝑆𝑡 = 6000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝐷𝑖 = 40 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 101.6 𝑐𝑚
Solution:
𝑃𝐷𝑖 𝑆𝑡 2𝑡
𝑆𝑡 = →𝑃=
2𝑡 𝐷𝑖

𝑆𝑡 2𝑡
𝑃= 𝐷𝑖
 (6000 𝑝𝑠𝑖) 2(0.80 𝑐𝑚)
= 101.6 𝑐𝑚

𝐏 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟒𝟗 𝐩𝐬𝐢 𝐨𝐫 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓 𝐩𝐬𝐢

5. A steel cylindrical air receiver with 75 inches diameter and pressure load of 250 psi, design
stress of 10,000 psi maximum. The pressure vessel is to be provided with a 1 ½ in diameter drain
valve installed at the bottom of the vessel and safety pressure relief valve installed either at the top
most or at the side with pop-out rating of 300 psi. Assume a 100% weld joint efficiency. The lap
welding tensile strength is 70,000 psi. Determine the bursting steam pressure of this air receiver.
(ans. 2100 psi)
Given:
𝐷𝑖 = 75 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 250 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑆𝑡 = 10000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑃𝑝𝑜𝑝−𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 300 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑆𝑡𝑙𝑤 = 70000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝐸 = 100 %

Solution:
Wall thickness of the air receiver based on operating pressure:
𝑃𝐷𝑖 𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑆𝑡 = →𝑡=𝑆
2𝑡 𝑡 2

𝑃𝐷𝑖 250 𝑝𝑠𝑖(75 𝑖𝑛)

𝑡=𝑆 =
𝑡 2 10000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (2)

𝑡 = 0.9375 𝑖𝑛
Wall thickness of the air receiver based on pop-out pressure:
𝑃𝐷𝑖 𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑆𝑡 = →𝑡=𝑆
2𝑡 𝑡 2

𝑃𝐷𝑖 300 𝑝𝑠𝑖(75 𝑖𝑛)

𝑡=𝑆 =
𝑡2 10000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (2)

𝑡 = 1.125 𝑖𝑛
Bursting steam pressure of this air receiver:
𝑃𝐷𝑖 𝑆𝑡 2𝑡
𝑆𝑡 = 2𝑡
→𝑃= 𝐷𝑖

𝑆𝑡 2𝑡
𝑃= 𝐷𝑖
 70000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 2 (1.125 𝑖𝑛)
= 75 𝑖𝑛

𝐏 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐩𝐬𝐢

6. A cylinder having an internal diameter of 24 in and an external diameter of 38 in is subjected to

an internal pressure of 14,000 psi and an external pressure of 2,500 psi. Determine the hoop stress
at the inner of the cylinder.
(ans. 24,262.67 psi)
Given:
𝐷𝑖 = 24 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑖 = 14000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑟𝑖 = 12 𝑖𝑛
𝐷𝑜 = 38 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑜 = 2500 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑟𝑜 = 19 𝑖𝑛
Solution:
𝑃𝑖 (𝑟𝑜2 +𝑟𝑖 2 )−2𝑃𝑜 𝑟𝑜2
𝑆𝑡𝑖 = 𝑟𝑜 2−𝑟𝑖 2

14000 𝑝𝑠𝑖((19 𝑖𝑛)2 +(12 𝑖𝑛)2 )−2(2500 𝑝𝑠𝑖)(19 𝑖𝑛)2

= (19 𝑖𝑛)2−(12 𝑖𝑛)2

𝐒𝐭𝐢 = 𝟐𝟒, 𝟐𝟔𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 𝐩𝐬𝐢

7. From the previous problem, determine the hoop stress at the outer of the cylinder.
(ans. 12,762.67 psi)
Given:
𝐷𝑖 = 24 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑖 = 14000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑟𝑖 = 12 𝑖𝑛
𝐷𝑜 = 38 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑜 = 2500 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑟𝑜 = 19 𝑖𝑛
Solution:
2𝑃𝑖 𝑟𝑖 2−𝑃𝑜 (𝑟𝑜 2 +𝑟𝑖 2 )
𝑆𝑡𝑜 = 𝑟𝑜 2 −𝑟𝑖 2

2(14000 𝑝𝑠𝑖)(12 𝑖𝑛)2 −(2500 𝑝𝑠𝑖)((19 𝑖𝑛)2+(12 𝑖𝑛)2 )

= (19 𝑖𝑛)2 −(12 𝑖𝑛)2

𝐒𝐭𝐨 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟕𝟔𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 𝐩𝐬𝐢

8. Compute the safe wall thickness of a 90 cm diameter steel tank. The tank is subjected to 8.5
MPa pressure and the steel material has yield stress of 230 MPa. The factor of safety to use is 3.5.
(ans. 5.82 cm)
Given:
𝐷𝑖 = 90 𝑐𝑚 𝑆𝑡 = 230 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = 8.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓 = 3.5
Solution:
𝑃𝐷𝑖 𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑆𝑡 = 𝑓 → 𝑡 = 𝑓𝑆
2𝑡 𝑡 2

𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑡 = 𝑓𝑆 2
𝑡

8.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎(90 𝑐𝑚)

= 3.5 230 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (2)

𝐭 = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝐜𝐦

9. Determine the bursting steam pressure of a steel spherical shell with diameter of 15 inches and
made of 1/4 thick steel plate. The joint efficiency is at 75% and the tensile strength is 60 ksi.
(Greater than 3000 psi)
Given:
𝐷𝑖 = 15 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝐸 = 75%
1
𝑡 = 4 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑟 0.25 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ 𝑆𝑡 = 60 𝑘𝑠𝑖 = 60000 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Solution:
𝑃𝐷 𝑆𝑡 4𝑡 𝐸
𝑆𝑡 = 4𝑡 𝐸𝑖 → 𝑃 = 𝐷𝑖

𝑆𝑡 4𝑡 𝐸
𝑃=
𝐷𝑖

(60000 𝑝𝑠𝑖) 4(0.25 𝑖𝑛) 0.75

= (15 𝑖𝑛)

𝐏 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐩𝐬𝐢
10. Determine the safe wall thickness of a 36 inches steel cylindrical tank with internal pressure
of 8.2 MPa. The yield stress of material is at 280 MPa. The factor of safety to use is 2.0.
(ans. 26.67 mm)
Given:
𝐷𝑖 = 36 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑡 = 280 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = 8.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓 = 2.0
Solution:
𝑃𝐷𝑖 𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑆𝑡 = 𝑓 → 𝑡 = 𝑓𝑆
2𝑡 𝑡 2

𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑡=𝑆
𝑡 2

8.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎(36 𝑖𝑛)

= 2.0 (280 𝑀𝑃𝑎) 2

𝐭 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐫 𝟐𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦