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¢Í§äËÅ (Fluid)
¢Í§äËÅ ËÁÒ¶֧ ÊÊÒ÷ÕèÊÒÁÒöäËÅä´ŒµÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐÁÕÃٻËҧà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ä»
µÒÁÀÒª¹Ð·ÕèºÃÃ¨Ø áº‹§ä´Œà»š¹Êͧª¹Ô´ ¤×Í ¢Í§àËÅÇ (Liquid) áÅСÒ« (Gas)
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1. »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁʶҹТͧÊÊÒà ÍաʶҹÐ˹Öè§ ¤×͓ʶҹоÅÒÊÁÒ” «Öè§à»š¹Ê¶Ò¹Ð·Õè
ÊÒÃà¡Ô´¡ÒÃᵡµÑÇ໚¹ äÍÍ͹ºÇ¡ – ź (àÃÒ¨Ðä´ŒàÃÕ¹ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´¡Ñ¹ã¹ÃдѺÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂ
¹Ð¤Ð)
2. à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡·Ñ駢ͧàËÅÇáÅÐᡍÊÁÕÃٻËҧäÁ‹¤§µÑÇ áÅÐÂѧäËŨҡ·Õè˹Öè§ä»ÂѧÍÕ¡·Õè˹Öè§ä´ŒàÃÒ
¨Ö§àÃÕ¡¢Í§àËÅÇ áÅÐᡍÊÇ‹Ò “¢Í§äËÅ(fluid)” (㹺·¹ÕéàÃÒ¨ÐÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹àÃ×èͧ¹Õé¡Ñ¹¤‹Ð)
¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ ( density )
¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ ¤×Í ÍѵÃÒʋǹÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÁÇšѺ»ÃÔÁҵâͧÇѵ¶Ø
¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ ໚¹ÊÁºÑµÔ੾ÒеÑǢͧÇѵ¶ØᵋÅЪ¹Ô´ ËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò Çѵ¶Øª¹Ô´à´ÕÂǡѹ
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2

1. ´ÒǹÔǵÃ͹໚¹´ÒÇ¢¹Ò´àÅç¡áµ‹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ÁÒ¡ ¶ŒÒ´ÒǹÔǵÃ͹ÁÕÃÑÈÁÕ 10
¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ᵋÁÕÁÇÅ෋ҡѺ´Ç§ÍҷԵ ¤×Í 1.99 x 1030 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§´ÒÇ
¹ÔǵÃ͹ ໚¹¡Õè¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/àÁµÃ3
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2. Çѵ¶ØÃÙ»ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇᵋÅдŒÒ¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 2 àÁµÃ ÁÕÁÇÅ 400 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ ¨§ËÒ¤ÇÒÁ
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3. ¢Í§àËÅǤÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 100 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁµ‹ÍÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡àÁµÃ ¨§ËÒNjҢͧàËÅǹÕé»ÃÔÁÒµÃ
2.50 ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡àÁµÃ ¨ÐÁÕ¹éíÒ˹ѡ¡Õè¹Ôǵѹ
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3.·Ã§¡Ãк͡·íÒ¨Ò¡àËÅç¡áÅÐÍÅÙÁÔà¹ÕÂÁ ¶ŒÒàËÅç¡ÁÕÁÇÅ໚¹ 6 ෋ҢͧÍÅÙÁÔà¹ÕÂÁáÅŒÇ
»ÃÔÁҵà ¢Í§àËÅ硨ÐÁÕ¤‹Ò ໚¹ 2 ෋ҢͧÍÅÙÁÔà¹ÕÂÁ ¶ŒÒÍÅÙÁÔà¹ÕÂÁÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 2600
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3

4. ´ÒÇà¤ÃÒÐˏ´Ç§Ë¹Öè§ÁÕÁÇÅ໚¹ 4 ෋ҢͧâÅ¡ áÅÐÁÕÃÑÈÁÕ໚¹ 2 ෋ҢͧâÅ¡ ¨§ËÒÇ‹Ò


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5. âÅËÐ A ÁÕÁÇÅ໚¹ 2 ෋ҢͧâÅËÐ B ᵋÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒµÃ໚¹¤ÃÖè§Ë¹Ö觢ͧâÅËÐ B ¶ŒÒâÅËÐ
B ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 1000 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁµ‹ÍÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡àÁµÃ âÅËÐ A ¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹à·‹Òã´
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6. ´ÒÇà¤ÃÒÐˏÁÕÁÇÅ෋ҡѺâÅ¡ ᵋÁÕÃÑÈÁÕ໚¹ 3 ෋ҢͧÃÑÈÁÕâÅ¡ ¨§ËÒÇ‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹
¢Í§´ÒÇà¤ÃÒÐˏ´Ç§¹ÕéÁÕ¤‹Ò໚¹¡Õè෋Ңͧ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§âÅ¡ (ãËŒ »ÃÔÁҵ÷ç¡ÅÁ
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¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ÊÑÁ¾Ñ·¸ ( relative density )


¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ÊÑÁ¾Ñ·¸ ( relative density ) ËÃ×ͤÇÒÁ¶‹Ç§¨íÒà¾ÒÐ ( specific
gravity ) ໚¹¡Òú͡NjҤÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§ÊÒê¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹à»š¹¡Õè෋Ңͧ
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¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃ
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áÅÐ ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§ÊÒà = ¤ÇÒÁ¶‹Ç§¨íÒà¾ÒÐ × ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§¹éíÒ

7. »ÃÍ·ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 13.6 x 103 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/àÁµÃ3 ¨§ËÒ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ÊÑÁ¾Ñ·¸¢Í§


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8. áÍÅ¡ÍÎÍŏÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¶‹Ç§¨íÒà¾ÒÐ 0.8 ¨§ËÒ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§áÍÅ¡ÍÎÍŏ
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5

¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ã¹¢Í§àËÅÇ
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2. ÁÕ·ÔȵÑ駩ҡ¡Ñº¼ÔÇÀÒª¹Ð·ÕèÊÑÁ¼ÑÊ
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1) ¡Ã³Õ·ÀÕè Òª¹ÐºÃèآͧàËÅÇ໚¹ÀÒª¹Ð»´
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1. ¡Å‹Í§»´ÃÙ»ÊÕèàËÅÕèÂÁÁØÁ©Ò¡ ÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè°Ò¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 0.2 µÒÃÒ§àÁµÃ ºÃèعéíÒºÃÔÊØ·¸ÔìÁÇÅ


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2. ÀÒª¹Ð»´ÃÙ»·Ã§¡Ãк͡ÊÙ§ 50 ૹµÔàÁµÃ
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3.ªÒ¤¹Ë¹Öè§ÁÇÅ 60 kg Â×¹ã¹ÅÔ¿· ·Õè¡íÒÅѧà¤Å×è͹·Õè¢Öé¹´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁà˧ 2 m/s2 ¨§ËÒ
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2) ¡Ã³Õ·ÀÕè Òª¹ÐºÃèآͧàËÅÇ໚¹ÀÒª¹Ðແ´
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2) ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ (Pa) ¤×ͤÇÒÁ´Ñ¹·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¹éíÒ˹ѡ¢Í§ÍÒ¡ÒÈ·Õè¡´·Ñº¼ÔǢͧàËÅÇ
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3.¶Ñ§ãºË¹Öè§ÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè¡Œ¹ÀÒª¹Ð 0.060 µÒÃÒ§àÁµÃÁբͧàËÅǺÃèØÍÂÙ‹ÊÙ§ 10 ૹµÔàÁµÃ


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3.2) ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹·Õè¢Í§àËÅÇ¡ÃзíÒµ‹Í¡Œ¹ÀÒª¹Ð ໚¹¡Õè¹Ôǵѹµ‹ÍµÒÃÒ§àÁµÃ


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3.3) ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ÊÑÁºÙó¢Í§àËÅÇ¡ÃзíÒµ‹Í¡Œ¹ÀÒª¹Ð ໚¹¡Õè¹Ôǵѹµ‹ÍµÒÃÒ§àÁµÃàÁ×èÍãËŒ
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4.¨§ËÒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹à¡¨áÅФÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ÊÑÁºÙó¢Í§¹éíÒ·ÐàÅ ·Õè¡ÃзíÒµ‹ÍàÃ×Í´íÒ¹éíÒÅíÒ˹Öè§ «Öè§ÍÂÙ‹·Õè


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5.¾Ô¨ÒóÒÀÒª¹Ð 3 㺠ºÃèعéíÒÁѹª¹Ô´à´ÕÂǡѹᵋÁÕ»ÃÔÁҵõ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ¶ŒÒ¤ÇÒÁÊÙ§¢Í§


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7. ¶Ñ§ÃÙ»·Ã§¡Ãк͡ÊÙ§ 2 àÁµÃ ¡Œ¹¶Ñ§ÃÑÈÁÕ 50 ૹµÔàÁµÃ ºÃèآͧàËÅÇ 2 ª¹Ô´


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11

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14

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Ex5 ¡Å‹Í§ÊÕèàËÅÕèÂÁÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ´ŒÒ¹ÅÐ 2 àÁµÃ ºÃèعéíÒÊÙ§ 1.80 àÁµÃ ¨§ËÒààç
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1. à¢×è͹ÂÒÇ 50 àÁµÃ¼ÔÇà¢×è͹·Õèä´ŒÃѺ¹éíÒàÍÕ§ 53 ͧÈÒ ¡Ñºàà¹ÇÃÒº ã¹¢³Ð·ÕèÁÕ¹éíÒÊÙ§ 10


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2. »Ãе١Ñé¹¹éíÒáË‹§Ë¹Ö觡njҧ 10 m ÁÕÃдѺ¹éíÒã¹»ÃеÙÊÙ§ 8 m ¹Í¡»ÃеÙÊÙ§ 4 m ¨§


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17

3. ¨Ò¡ÃÙ»à¢×è͹¡ÇŒÒ§ 100 àÁµÃ ´ŒÒ¹Ë¹Ö觵Ñ駵ç ÍÕ¡´ŒÒ¹Ë¹Öè§àÍÕ§·íÒÁØÁ 60 ͧÈÒ


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4. à¢×è͹¡Ñé¹¹éíҨ״áË‹§Ë¹Öè§ ÁÕ¹éíÒÍÂÙ‹ÅÖ¡ 10 àÁµÃ ·Õè°Ò¹à¢×è͹à¨ÒÐ໚¹ÃÙâµÁÕàÊŒ¹¼‹Ò¹


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18

5. »Ãе١Ñé¹¹éíÒ áË‹§Ë¹Ö觡njҧ L ÊÙ§ H àÁ×èÍÃдѺÊÙ§ÊØ´áç·Õè¹éíÒ ¡ÃзíÒµ‹Í»Ãе١Ñé¹¹éíÒ


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2. (á¹Ç Áª) ¹éíÒáÅйéíÒÁѹ ª¹Ô´Ë¹Ö觺ÃèØã¹ËÅÍ´á¡ŒÇ


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4.¨Ò¡ÃÙ» ¨§ËҼŵ‹Ò§¢Í§¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹·Õè¨Ø´ A ¡Ñº ¨Ø´ B ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§¹éíÒÁѹ¡Ò´


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22

6.ËÅʹᡌǵÑÇÂÙÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè˹ŒÒµÑ´¢Í§»ÅÒ·Ñé§ÊͧäÁ‹à·‹Ò¡Ñ¹ »ÅÒ¢ŒÒ§Ë¹Öè§ÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè˹ŒÒµÑ´à»š¹
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Ex4 ¹éíÒá¢ç§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 0.92 × 103 kg/m3 ÅÍÂÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹ŒÒ·ÐàÅ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹


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Ex5 âÅËмÊÁÁÇÅ 2 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 2.5 x 103 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁµ‹ÍÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡àÁµÃ


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36

Ex8 ·‹Í¹äÁŒÊÕèàËÅÕèÂÁ¡ÇŒÒ§ 20 ૹµÔàÁµÃ ÂÒÇ 50 ૹµÔàÁµÃ Ë¹Ò 10 ૹµÔàÁµÃ ÁÕ


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Ex10 ¨Ò¡ÃÙ» ÀÒª¹Ð˹ѡ 10 ¹Ôǵѹ ÀÒÂ㹺ÃèشŒÇ¹éíÒ«Öè§ÁÕ¹éíÒ˹ѡ 30 ¹Ôǵѹ ¹íÒ


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Ex11 ÍÐÅÙÁÔà¹ÕÂÁ¡ŒÍ¹Ë¹Ö觪Ñè§ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈä´Œ 270 ¡ÃÑÁ ªÑ§è ã¹¹éíÒä´Œ 150 ¡ÃÑÁ ¶ŒÒÍÐÅÙÁÔà¹ÕÂÁ


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38

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44

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1. ª‹Ç§ a ¶Ö§ b ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà˧ µ‹Í¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçǤ§µÑÇ
2. ª‹Ç§ a ¶Ö§ b ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ˹‹Ç§µ‹Í¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçǤ§µÑÇ
3. ¨Ò¡ a ¶Ö§ b ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà˧¤§µÑǵÅÍ´
4. ¨Ò¡ a ¶Ö§ d ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà˧¤§µÑǵÅÍ´
47

4. ¨§ËÒáç˹״«Ö觵ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè¢Í§·Ã§¡ÅÁ«Öè§ÁÕÃÑÈÁÕ 2 ÁÔÅÅÔàÁµÃ 㹡ÅÕàªÍÃÕ¹«Öè§ÁÕ


¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 3 x 103 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/àÁµÃ3 ã¹¢³Ð·ÕèÅÙ¡¡ÅÁÁÕÍѵÃÒàÃçÇ 0.2 àÁµÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ
¡íÒ˹´ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁ˹״¢Í§¡ÅÕàªÍÃÕ¹ÁÕ¤‹Ò෋ҡѺ 0.84 ¹Ôǵѹ.ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ/àÁµÃ2
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5. »Å‹Í·ç¡ÅÁàËÅç¡·ÕèÁÕÃÑÈÁÕ 1 ÁÔÅÅÔàÁµÃ ŧ㹹éíÒ ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ»ÅÒ¢ͧ·Ã§¡ÅÁàËÅ硨ÐÁÕ
¤‹Òà·‹Òã´ ( ãËŒ g = 9.8 m/s2 , ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹àËÅç¡ = 7.8 x 103 kg/m3 ,
¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¹éíÒ = 1 x 103 kg/m3 , ¤ÇÒÁ˹״¢Í§¹éíÒ = 1 x 10-3 N.s/m2 )
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48

6. »Å‹ÍÂÅÙ¡¡ÅÁâÅËФÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 7,500 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡àÁµÃ ÁÕÃÑÈÁÕ 2 ÁÔÅÅÔàÁµÃ


ãËŒµ¡Å§ã¹¹éíÒÁѹ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹ 900 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡àÁµÃ ÁÕÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸Ôì¤ÇÒÁ˹״
2.0 ¹Ôǵѹ.ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ/µÒÃÒ§àÁµÃ ¨§ËÒ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ»ÅÒ¢ͧÅÙ¡¡ÅÁâÅËйÕé
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7. àÁ×èͻŋÍÂÅÙ¡¡ÅÁàËÅç¡ÃÑÈÁÕ 0.5 ૹµÔàÁµÃ ãËŒµ¡Å§ã¹¡ÅÕà«ÍÃÕ¹»ÃÒ¡¯Ç‹ÒÇÑ´¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ
¢Ñé¹ÊØ´·ŒÒÂä´Œ 0.077 àÁµÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ¨§¤íҹdzËÒÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸Ôì¤ÇÒÁ˹״¢Í§¡ÅÕà«ÍÃÕ¹
¡íÒ˹´ãËŒ ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§¡ÅÕà«ÍÃÕ¹áÅÐàËÅç¡ÁÕ¤‹Ò 1.26 x 103 kg/m3
áÅÐ 7.86 x 103 kg/m3 µÒÁÅíҴѺ
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49

¾ÅÈÒʵϢͧäËÅ
¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÊÁºÑµÔ¢Í§¢Í§äËÅ·ÕèáÅŒÇæÁÒ໚¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ੾ÒТͧäËÅ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹¹Ôè§ àª‹¹
¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ ¤ÇÒÁµÖ§¼ÔÇ ¤ÇÒÁ˹״ áçÅ͵ÑÇ à»š¹µŒ¹ ÊíÒËÃѺ¢Í§äËÅ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè ઋ¹
ÅÁ¾Ñ´ ¡ÒÃäËŢͧ¹éíÒã¹áÁ‹¹éíÒËÃ×Íã¹·‹Í»ÃлҤÇÒÁ´Ñ¹¢Í§¢Í§äËÅàËÅ‹Ò¹Ñé¹ ¨ÐäÁ‹
àËÁ×͹¡Ñº¢Í§äËÅ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹¹Ô觫Ö觨Ðä´ŒÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´ ´Ñ§µ‹Í仹Õé

¢Í§äËÅã¹ÍØ´Á¤µÔ
¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè¢Í§¢Í§äËÅ໚¹¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè·Õè«Ñº«ŒÍ¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹
à¾×èͤÇÒÁ§‹ÒÂ㹡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒàÃҨж×ÍNjҢͧäËÅ·ÕèàÃÒ¾Ô¨ÒóÒ໚¹
¢Í§äËÅÍØ´Á¤µÔ (ideal fluid) «Öè§ÁÕÊÁºÑµÔ´Ñ§¹Õé
1) ¢Í§äËÅÁÕ¡ÒÃäËÅÍ‹ҧÊÁèíÒàÊÁÍ (steady flow)
ËÁÒ¶֧ ¤ÇÒÁàÃçǢͧ·Ø¡Í¹ØÀÒ¤ ³ µíÒá˹‹§Ë¹Öè§æ 㹢ͧäËÅÁÕ¤‹Ò¤§µÑÇ â´Â¤ÇÒÁàÃçǢͧ
͹ØÀÒ¤¢Í§¢Í§äËÅàÁ×èÍäËż‹Ò¹¨Ø´µ‹Ò§æ¡Ñ¹¨Ð෋ҡѹËÃ×͵‹Ò§¡Ñ¹¡çä´Œ
2) ¢Í§äËÅÁÕ¡ÒÃäËÅâ´ÂäÁ‹ËÁع (irrotational flow) ¡Å‹ÒǤ×Í ºÃÔàdzâ´ÂÃͺ
¨Ø´Ë¹Öè§æ㹢ͧäËŨÐäÁ‹ÁÕ͹ØÀÒ¤¢Í§¢Í§äËÅà¤Å×è͹·Õ贌ǤÇÒÁàÃçÇàªÔ§ÁØÁÃͺ¨Ø´¹Ñé¹æàÅÂ
3) ¢Í§äËÅÁÕ¡ÒÃäËÅâ´ÂäÁ‹ÁáÕ Ã§µŒÒ¹à¹×Íè §¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁ˹״¢Í§¢Í§äËÅ
(nonviscous flow) ËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò äÁ‹ÁÕá経ҹÀÒÂã¹à¹×éͧ͢¢Í§äËÅÁÒ¡ÃзíÒµ‹Í
͹ØÀÒ¤¢Í§¢Í§äËÅ
4) ¢Í§äËÅäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒöÍÑ´ä´Œ(incompressible flow) ËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò ¢Í§äËÅÁÕ
»ÃÔÁҵ䧵ÑÇ â´Â»ÃÔÁҵâͧäËÅᵋÅÐʋǹäÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨ÐäËż‹Ò¹ºÃÔàdzã´Âѧ¤§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ
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50

¡ÒÃäËŢͧ¢Í§äËÅÍØ´Á¤µÔ
㹢ͧäËÅ·ÕèäËÅÍ‹ҧÊÁèíÒàÊÁÍ Í¹ØÀҤ˹Öè§ æ ¢Í§¢Í§äËŨÐà¤Å×è͹·Õè仵ÒÁ
àÊŒ¹·Ò§à´Ô¹àÊŒ¹Ë¹Öè§àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò àÊŒ¹¡ÃÐáÊ (streamline) â´Â¤ÇÒÁàÃçǢͧ͹ØÀÒ¤¹Ñé¹·Õè
µíÒá˹‹§µ‹Ò§æ ÁÕ·ÔÈã¹á¹ÇàÊŒ¹ÊÑÁ¼ÑÊ ³ µíÒá˹‹§´Ñ§ÃÙ» (a) áÅÐàÊŒ¹¡ÃÐáʢͧ͹ØÀҤᵋ
ÅÐàÊŒ¹¨ÐäÁ‹µÑ´¡Ñ¹¶ŒÒàÊŒ¹¡ÃÐáʨíҹǹ˹Öè§ÍÂÙ‹àÃÕ§¡Ñ¹à»š¹ÁÑ´ ´Ñ§ÃÙ» (b) ¨ÐÃÕ¡ÁÑ´¢Í§àÊŒ¹
¡ÃÐáʹÕéÇ‹Ò ËÅÍ´¡Ò÷´Åͧ (tube of flow) ËÅÍ´¡ÒÃäËŹÕé¨Ö§à»ÃÕºàÊÁ×͹·‹Í·ÕèÁբͧ
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ÃÙ» (a) àÊŒ¹¡ÃÐáʢͧ͹ØÀҤ㹢ͧäËÅ ÃÙ» (b) ã¹ËÅÍ´¡ÒÃäËÅ͹ØÀÒ¤äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒö


äËÅÍÍ¡áÅФÇÒÁàÃçǢͧ͹ØÀÒ¤¢³Ð¼‹Ò¹¨Ø´ v ¨Ð ¹Í¡ËÅÍ´¡ÒÃäËÅä´Œ à¾ÃÒÐ ¶ŒÒàÊŒ¹
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µíÒá˹‹§ã´ã¹ËÅÍ´¡ÒÃäËÅÁÕ¤‹Ò¤§·Õè ” ¤‹Ò¤§·Õè¹ÕéàÃÕ¡ÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃäËÅ ( Q )
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t
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v ¤×ÍÍѵÃÒàÃçÇ¡ÒÃäËÅ ( àÁµÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ )
V ¤×Í»ÃÔÁҵâͧäËÅ ( àÁµÃ3 )
t ¤×ÍàÇÅÒ ( ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ )
áÅÐà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ ÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃäËÅ ( Q ) ¢Í§¡ÒÃäËÅ˹Öè§æ
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v1 , v2 ¤×ͤÇÒÁàÃçǢͧäËÅ ³ ¨Ø´·Õè 1 áÅШش·Õè 2 µÒÁÅíҴѺ
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52

2. ແ´¹éíÒ¨Ò¡¡Í¡ãËŒäËÅŧ㹺աà¡ÍϤÇÒÁ¨Ø 1 ÅԵà ¨¹àµçÁÀÒÂã¹àÇÅÒ 10 ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ¶ŒÒ¹éíÒ


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3. ·‹Í¹éíҴѺà¾ÅÔ§´Ñ§áÊ´§´Ñ§ÃÙ» ¨§ËÒ¤ÇÒÁàÃçǢͧ¹éíÒ·Õè¾Ø‹§ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡»ÅÒ·‹Í·Õè B àÁ×èÍ
¤ÇÒÁàÃçǢͧ¹éíÒ·Õè A ෋ҡѺ 5 àÁµÃµ‹ÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ¡íÒ˹´ãËŒàÊŒ¹¼‹Ò¹Èٹ¡ÅÒ§¢Í§·‹Í A áÅÐ
B ෋ҡѺ 8 ૹµÔàÁµÃ áÅÐ 4 ૹµÔàÁµÃ µÒÁÅíҴѺ

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53

4. ·‹Í¹éíÒÅѡɳдѧÃÙ»ÍÂÙ‹ã¹á¹ÇÃÒº »Ò¡
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5. ¹éíÒäËÅŧã¹á¹Ç´Ô觨ҡ¡Í¡¹éíÒ«Öè§ÁÕàÊŒ¹¼‹Ò¹Èٹ¡ÅÒ§ 4.0 ૹµÔàÁµÃ â´ÂÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ
µŒ¹20 ૹµÔàÁµÃµ‹ÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ¹éíҨеŒÍ§äËÅŧÁÒ໚¹ÃÐÂзҧ¡ÕèૹµÔàÁµÃ àÊŒ¹¼‹Ò¹
Èٹ¡ÅÒ§¢Í§ÅíÒ¹éíÒ¨Ö§¨ÐŴŧàËÅ×Í 2.0 ૹµÔàÁµÃ (¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹¢Í§¹éíÒ¤§·Õè)
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54

ËÅÑ¡¢Í§áºÃ¹ÅÙ ÅÕ
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µ‹Í»ÃÔÁҵà áÅÐ ¾Åѧ§Ò¹Èѡµ‹Í»ÃÔÁÒµÃ
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55

¡ÒûÃÐÂØ¡µÊÁ¡ÒâͧáºÃ¹ÅÙ ÅÕ

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¢Í§äËÅä´ŒËÅÒÂàÃ×èͧ ઋ¹ ¡ÒÃËÒÍѵÃÒàÃçǢͧ¢Í§àËÅÇÍØ´Á¤µÔ·Õè¾Ø‹§ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ÃÙàÅç¡æ ¡ÒÃ
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1. ¡ÒÃËÒÍѵÃÒàÃçǢͧ¢Í§àËÅÇ·Õ辧؋ ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ÃÙàÅç¡æ

¢Í§àËÅǺÃèØ㹢Ǵ·ÕèÁÕÃÙ´ŒÒ¹¢ŒÒ§ ¢Í§àËÅǾ؋§ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ÃÙ
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àÊÃÕ¨Ò¡ÃдѺÊÙ§ h ෋ҡѹ áÅÐäÁ‹¢Ö鹡Ѻª¹Ô´¢Í§¢Í§àËŧ ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸¹Õé·ÍÏÃÔà«ÅÅÕ໚¹¼ÙŒ
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2. ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§à¤Ã×Íè §¾‹¹ÊÕ

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àÁµÃ µ‹ÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ä»Âѧ·‹ÍµÍ¹Å‹Ò§«Öè§ÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè˹ŒÒµÑ´ 8 µÒÃҧૹµÔàÁµÃ áÅÐÍÂÙ‹ÊÙ§¨Ò¡¾×é¹ 1
àÁµÃ ¨§ËÒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹¢Í§¹éíÒã¹·‹ÍµÍ¹Å‹Ò§
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2.·‹Í¹éíÒÇÒ§ã¹á¹ÇÃдѺ ÁÕ¹éíÒäËÅÍ‹ҧÊÁèíÒàÊÁÍ´ŒÇÂÍѵÃÒàÃçÇ 4 àÁµÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ¶ŒÒ·‹Í¤Í´
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58

3.ÍѵÃÒàÃçǢͧÅÁ¾ÒÂØ·Õè¾Ñ´à˹×ÍËÅѧ¤ÒºŒÒ¹à»š¹ 30 àÁµÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ¼Åµ‹Ò§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹


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4.㹡ÒÃÍ͡Ẻà¤Ã×èͧºÔ¹ãËŒÁÕáç¡ 900 ¹Ôǵѹ/µÒÃÒ§àÁµÃ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õ軂¡ â´Â¶×ÍÇ‹ÒÅÁ
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59

5.á·Œ§¤¹éíÒແ´ÊÙ§ 1.5 m ÁÕ¹éíÒÍÂÙ‹ 1.25 m ·Õè¡Œ¹á·Œ§¤´ŒÒ¹¢ŒÒ§ÁÕ·‹Íແ´ÍÂÙ‹ áÅÐá·Œ§¤¹éíÒµÑé§


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¢. ¹éíҾ؋§ÍÍ¡ä»ã¹á¹ÇÃÒºä¡Åà·‹ÒäÃ
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6.¹éíÒäËÅã¹·‹Í´ŒÇÂÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃäËÅ 12 ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡àÁµÃµ‹Í¹Ò·Õ ·‹Í¹Õ鼋ҹ¨Ø´ 2 ¨Ø´ «Öè§ÃдѺ
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10 5 ¹Ôǵѹ/µÒÃÒ§àÁµÃ ʋǹ¨Ø´·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ÃдѺµèíÒÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè˹ŒÒµÑ´ 8 × 10−2 µÒÃÒ§àÁµÃ
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60

7. ÊÒÂÂҧô¹éíÒµŒ¹äÁŒÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè˹ŒÒµÑ´ÀÒÂ㹢ͧ·‹Í 3.5 ૹµÔàÁµÃ2 ·Õè»ÅÒ·‹Í¢ŒÒ§Ë¹Öè§


µ‹Í ¡ÑºËÑÇ©Õ´«Öè§ÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè˹ŒÒµÑ´ 0.25 ૹµÔàÁµÃ2 àÁ×èÍແ´¹éíÒãËŒäËż‹Ò¹·‹Íâ´Â¤¹Êǹ¡
ËÑÇ ©Õ´ÊÙ§¨Ò¡¾×é¹ 1.50 àÁµÃ ¹éíÒ·ÕèäËż‹Ò¹·‹Í·ÕèÇÒ§ÍÂÙ‹º¹¾×é¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ 50 ૹµÔàÁµÃ/
ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ¨§ËÒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ã¹·‹Íʋǹ·ÕèÇÒ§ÍÂÙ‹º¹¾×é¹ ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ 1 ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ = 1.00x105
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8. ¹éíÒäËÅÍÍ¡¨Ò¡·‹Í A ä»Âѧ·‹Í B áÅз‹Í C
«Öè§ÁÕ¢¹Ò´à·‹Ò¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§áÊ´§ã¹ÃÙ» â´Â·Õè A áÅÐ
B ÍÂÙ‹ÊÙ§¨Ò¡ C ໚¹ 1.5 áÅÐ 3.0 àÁµÃ
µÒÁ ÅíҴѺ ¶ŒÒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ã¹·‹Í A ෋ҡѺ
2.0x105 ¹Ôǵѹµ‹ÍµÒÃÒ§àÁµÃ áÅйéíÒÁÕ
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˹Òṋ¹¢Í§¹éíÒ෋ҡѺ 1000 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁµ‹Í
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61

ºÃóҹءÃÁ
ÇÕ·Ôµ ÇÃóàÅÔÈÅѡɳ.2562.¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒà¡ÕèÂǡѺ "¢Í§äËÅ" (Fluid) .áËÅ‹§·ÕèÁÒ :
https://www.scimath.org/lesson-physics/item/7268-fluid
¹Ò§ÊÒǹԵÂÒ ÊѨ¹Ç¹.2562.¾ÅÈÒʵϢͧäËÅ .áËÅ‹§·ÕèÁÒ :
http://nkw05116.circlecamp.com/index.php?page=5
¢Í§äËÅ.áËÅ‹§·ÕèÁÒ :
http://www.thaischool.in.th/_files_school/64100390/data/64100
390_1_20190711-214729.pdf

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