Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Shajahaan Prem
Lee Chung
0C 12-Jan-2022 IFR Abdullah Sim Kien Beng
Khiong
(NDT Level III)
Shajahaan Prem
Lee Chung
01C 25-Apr-2022 IFR Abdullah Sim Kien Beng Wan Rossle 29-Apr-2022
Khiong
(NDT Level III)
17-May-2022
DOC NO. SMEP-2900-QA-6180-0029
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
REV.
PROCEDURE AS PER AWS D1.1 CODE.
01C
STEEL STRUCTURE (CRISTAR)
PAGE Page 2 of 7
REVISION STATUS
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 PURPOSE 4
4.0 REFERENCE 6
5.0 APPENDIXES 7
1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this procedure is to ensure the execution of Radiographic Testing Procedure (Steel
Structure) adhere to the COMPANY requirements by DESB’s appointed NDE Sub Contractor, Cristar
Group Sdn. Bhd.
Radiographic Testing Procedure (Steel Structure) for different type of structural materials and component
shall be based on COMPANY Table 3 of SES 10.1 Rev 07 April 2020 Fixed Offshore Steel Structures.
All welds which are examined by radiography shall be judged in accordance with ANSI/AWS D1.1 2020
but this may be subjected to change at the discretion of the COMPANY.
Radiography shall be supplemented by ultrasonic testing accompanied by magnetic particle testing when
there is reason to suspect planar defects such as cracks or lack of fusion. This shall also apply to all butt
welds where the root pass or the whole weld is made by GMAW welding.
Execution of this procedure shall be performed by Cristar Group Sdn Bhd based on Procedure No. CGSB-
RT-AWSD1.1 Revision No 02 as attached in Appendix I.
Refer to below Table 3 of COMPANY SES 10.1 Fixed Offshore Steel Structures (Rev. 7, April 2020), page
125 – 126 for COMPANY steel structure NDT matrix.
4. All vertical framing members attached to vertical framing 100% UT and MPI
All members attached to jacket cap or deck fabricated box
5. 100% UT and MPI
beams.
6. Knee brace 100% UT and MPI
All members attached to tubular can in horizontal elevation
7. 100% UT and MPI
framing or bracing
100% UT and MPI
All members such as support of casing, J-tubes, boat landing, RG – 100% MPI
8.
riser guard, conductor guides, walkway framing CG – 100% MPI
WF – 100% MPI
9. Jacket or deck box beams, stiffeners internal and external 100% MPI
10. Jacket, jacket cap leg, internal and external ring stiffeners 100% MPI
DOC NO. SMEP-2900-QA-6180-0029
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
REV.
PROCEDURE AS PER AWS D1.1 CODE.
01C
STEEL STRUCTURE (CRISTAR)
PAGE Page 5 of 7
12. Beam and plate attached to jacket, jacket cap, leg and tubular 100% UT and MPI
All jacket, jacket cap, deck column, internal and external ring
16. 100% MPI
stiffeners with fillet welds, modules, quarters and helidecks
Full penetration welds in modules horizontal, vertical and
17. 100% UT and MPI
diagonal members
Butt welds in haunch beam and box beams full penetration
18. welds of internal stiffener that makes up box section or tubular 100% RT or UT / MPI
column
Full penetration welds of external stiffeners that make up girder
19. 100% MPI
haunch means and box beams
20. All ring stiffeners 100% MPI
Flare / vent boom hinge section to flare / vent boom and hinge
24. 100% RT or UT / MPI
trunnions module other structural in general
100% VI or MPI at
25. All grooves by gouging due to repair of back welding
operators discretion
4.0 REFERENCE
5.0 APPENDIXES
APPENDIX I
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING PROCEDURE AS PER AWS D1.1 (STEEL STRUCTURE) –
CRISTAR GROUP SDN. BHD.
(PROCEDURE NO. CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1, REVISION NO. 02)
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
PROCEDURE
DOC NO: CGSB-RT-AWSD 1 .1
Shajahaan Pre
GlustN DT M,11.QP. AS
Cert No: 1151/70
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................... 2
6.0 PENETRAMETER....................................................................................................................... 3
13.0 REPORTING............................................................................................................................... 8
APPENDIX 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 9
APPENDIX 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 12
APPENDIX 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 15
APPENDIX 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 2 of 19
1.0 SCOPE
This procedure establishes the requirements, techniques and processes for quality radiographic
examination on welds of plates, beams, tubular and pipes. It is applicable to radiographic
examination using radioactive isotope and X-ray on various grades of steel, copper and nickel
alloys piping
2.0 REFERENCE
AWS D1.1 2020 Edition
Radiographers shall be licensed by Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) to perform RT.
Radiation protection requirement set forth by the Atomic Energy Licensing Board will be observed.
The Subcontractor shall hold valid licenses from AELB. The subcontractor shall provide each
radiographer with a film badge or TLD and with additional a pocket dosimeter. Each team,
comprising a radiographer and assistant radiographer shall be provided with survey meter, a
radiation alarm warning devices, emergency handling tools, warning signs, barriers, warning lights,
etc.
5.0 EQUIPMENT
5.1 General
- X-ray machine
- Radiation warning signs, rope barriers, buntings, flashing warning lights etc.
- Films
Selenium 72 – Se-75
X-ray
Radiographs shall be made using Type II films. Examples of these film types are:
All films shall be stored in a cool clean storage area where they will not be exposed to
heat, chemical vapour, undue pressure, light or radiation. The pre-exposure fog of the
film shall not be greater than 0.3 density.
Lead and fluorometallic intensifying screens of 0.125mm thickness shall be placed on the
front and back of the films in close contact. Screens shall be free of dents, scratches, dirt and
other foreign materials.
6.0 PENETRAMETER
6.1 Penetrameter (I.Q.I)
Penetrameters shall normally be placed on the source side. In the case when this is not
possible due to inaccessibility, the penetrameter may be placed on the film side with a lead
letter ‘F’ at least as high as the penetrameter identification number shall be placed adjacent to
or on the penetrameter, but shall not mask the essential wire to denote this change. A
procedure test will be performed to determine the equivalent penetrameter to be visible at the
required sensitivity. The thinnest wire shall be placed at the extreme edge of the film.
6.3 For materials of equal thickness and transition thickness, two (2) penetrameter shall be used
for welds eight (8) inches and greater in length and one penetrameter for welds less than
eight (8) inches in length (Refer to Appendix 2. Fig. 1 & Fig. 2). For single wall single image
(Panaromic) exposure, minimum three penetrameters equally spaced shall be placed on the
source side.
a. Client:
b. Project:
c. Contract No.:
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 5 of 19
f. Identification of repair: R1 or R2 for repair, RS for reshoot joint, RW for rewelded joints,
etc.
a. Fogging;
When radiography is carried out in a direction which may create back scattering (e.g. film
placed between source and concrete floor) lead sheets may be placed behind the film
cassette to reduce or cut off such scatter. A lead letter ‘B’, 1/16” thickness by ½” height will
be placed on the back of the film cassette.
If the lead letter “B” appears on the radiograph as a lighter image than the background,
protection from back scatter is insufficient. A new exposure shall be taken with additional
backings.
8.4 Density
The minimum and maximum transmitted film density at the area of interest for single film
viewing shall be 2.0 to 4.0 respectively for gamma ray and 1.8 to 4.0 for radiograph made with
an X-ray source. Density is measured either by comparison with a calibrated densitometer or
a calibrated density strip.
The densities within the diagnostic film length of the area of interest shall not vary by more
than 30% between the lighter and darker areas.
8.5 Sensitivity
Location Marker shall be placed on the part. Their location shall be permanently marked on
the surface of the part to be radiographed. Each radiographic film shall show reference
markers indicating the correct location of the film on the weld.
8.7 Contrast
The contrast of radiograph shall be to acceptable level as not to reduce the quality and
maintain the required sensitivity and density.
9.1 Developing
Films will be placed in hangers and immersed in developer solution with constant agitation for
even development time should be adjusted accordingly.
After development is completed, the films shall be immersed in stop bath or rinsed in clean
running water to stop the activity of the developer.
9.3 Fixing
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 7 of 19
Fixing shall be done for at least twice the clearing time but not more than 15 minutes in fresh
fixer.
9.4 Washing
Washing shall be done with constant flow of clean water. Rate of water flow shall be
approximately 5 to 6 times the volume of water tank per hour. Washing time shall be minimum
10 minutes. Dilution or mixture of chemicals shall be in accordance to that recommended by
the chemical manufacturer.
9.5.1 Care shall be taken to avoid causing any Mechanical damage to the emulsion and to
prevent causing marks from uneven drying.
9.5.3 Other method of drying can also be achieved (rapid drying by placing the film in a
special drying cabinet, in which a constant stream of air is forced over both sides of
the film.
9.5.4 Once drying has commenced the film shall not be removed from the cabinet until it is
completely dry.
9.5.5 No films shall be subjected to continued exposure to a temperature higher than 40°C.
This is the preferred method whenever possible. In the single-wall technique, the radiation
passes through only one wall of the weld (material, which is viewed for acceptance on the
radiograph. However, it requires that both side of the weld or component be accessible, with
the source placed on one side and the film in close contact on the other side.
In the case when the inside of a pipe is accessible, with the source placed on one side and
the film in close contact in the other side.
This technique applies to materials or welds having 3 ½ inches or less in outside diameter. In
this technique, the radiation passes through two walls and the material or weld in both walls is
viewed on the same radiograph. For this technique, only a source side IQI shall be used.
For welds, the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficient
to separate the images of the source side and film side portions of the weld so that there is no
overlap of areas to be interpreted. For complete coverage, a minimum if two exposures at 90
degrees to each other shall be made for each joint.
As alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam positioned so that the
images of both walls are superimposed. For complete coverage, a minimum of three
exposures at either 60 or 120 degrees to each other shall be made for each joint. This
technique shall be used for thick walled pipe welds of diameters equal to or less than 1 inch.
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 8 of 19
This method is recommended for pipe welds greater than 3½” nominal diameter. In this
technique, the radiation passes through two walls, but only the material or weld near the film
side is viewed. An adequate number of exposures shall be made to ensure that the required
coverage has been obtained. For complete coverage a circumferential weld or material, a
minimum three exposures at 120 degrees to each other shall be made.
11.0 INTERPRETATION
Viewing of Radiography
13.0 REPORTING
Radiographic examination report shall refer to Appendix 4.
14.0 APPENDIX(s)
APPENDIX 1 : RADIOGRAPHY INDENTIFICATION & PLACEMENT OF PENETRAMETER
APPENDIX 1
RADIOGRAPHIC FILM WELD IDENTIFICATION LAYOUT AND
DESCRIPTION
ASTM 1A
0 20
F or S
0
Weld Datum
0
Weld Datum
APPENDIX 2
RADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE TECHNIQUES
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 13 of 19
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 14 of 19
Source
Plate
Film
APPENDIX 3
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AWS D1.1
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 16 of 19
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 17 of 19
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 18 of 19
Document : CGSB-RT-AWSD1.1
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE Revision : 02
Issue Date : 22.01.2021
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD Page : 19 of 19
APPENDIX 4
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING REPORT
CRISTAR GROUP SDN BHD (1228739-X)
Head Quarters (Miri)
Lot 1580, Eastwood Valley Industrial Park, Jalan Miri Bypass, 98000 Miri, Sarawak
Tel: 085-420933 / 086-310091 Fax: 085-428042 Email: info@cristargroup.com
Bintulu Branch
No.20, Jayhub Industrial Estate, Jalan Tun Hussein Onn, Lot 558 Block 32 Kemena Industrial,
97000 Bintulu, Sarawak
Labuan Branch
Lot 6875, Taman Bestari Warehouse, Kampung Patau-Patau 2, 87000 Labuan Federal Territory
Legend: EP: Excessive Penetration CR: Crack SI: Slag Inclusion TI: Tungsten Inclusion ACC: Accept
IP: Incomplete Penetration POR: Porosity BT: Burn Through CP: Cluster Porosity REJ: Reject
IF: Incomplete Fusion CON: Concavity UC: Undercut NSD: No Significant Defect
F-33
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