✿✿ LỊCH BÀI HỌC HÀNG NGÀY (trên FB)

Em về đội của thầy mà không làm bài về nhà thì hãy nghỉ khỏe nhé, vì em
không phải là thiên tài và thầy cũng không phải là thánh, nên em và thầy cùng
phải làm việc hết sức mới có hiệu quả!
✿✿ Tuổi trẻ có sức khỏe, nhiều nhiệt huyết.......thì nên HỌC hết mình để sau
này ra trường tập trung xây dựng sự nghiệp. Phải học bằng cái Tâm của người đi
học. Sau này đi làm mấy đứa cũng phải nhớ làm bằng cái tâm nghề nghiệp của
mình.
........✿ Bài thầy dặn về nhà dù ít thì cũng phải tận sức mà làm tốt
........✿ Bài thầy dặn về nhà dù nhiều thì cũng phải cố gắng sắp xếp mà hoàn
thành xuất sắc.
........✿ Bài thầy không dặn về nhà thì cũng tìm thêm thời gian để nâng cao kiến
thức.
........✿ Theo tâm linh thì Tổ Nghiệp sẽ phù hộ cho mấy đứa làm việc 1 cách tận
tâm.
........✿ Theo logic thì môn gì em học tận tâm sẽ có chất lượng tốt và tất nhiên
sẽ gặt hái được kết quả xứng đáng!
.
Học quan trọng lắm và mình còn học cả cuộc đời. Thầy rất mong muốn mấy đứa
khi học thầy thì HỌC ĐƯỢC PHƯƠNG PHÁP HỌC, chứ đừng nên học thuộc
lòng.Biết phương pháp rồi, em có thể rời thầy và bạn bè để 1 mình nhảy xuống
núi vùng vẫy 4 phương rạng danh môn phái Tuấnmập.
.
Mình đã đi học cũng trên 10 năm rồi, phải rút ra phương pháp học tập chứ, cớ gì
mà đến giờ vẫn còn học hành còn lơ tơ mơ, học thuộc lòng, học 1 cách thụ động,
thiếu sáng tạo vậy. Sau này làm sao tiến xa trong sự nghiệp được?
.
Quan trọng là mình biết sắp xếp, biết quản lý, biết lên kế hoạch, biết vạch ra
chiến lược để đạt được mục tiêu.
.
Thời gian không chờ đợi ai, 60 năm cuộc đời trôi qua nhanh lắm. Đừng bao giờ
để thời gian chết 1 cách vô nghĩa, hãy tận dụng mọi thời gian chết vào việc học,
làm việc và giải trí. Em chăm chỉ thì may mắn và thành công sẽ tự tìm đến em.
.
Và hãy nhớ THÀNH CÔNG KHÔNG PHẢI MÌ ĂN LIỀN!
.
Cám ơn mấy đứa đã chọn đến học với thầy mập!

1
 ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

PHẦN 1 DỊCH BÁO

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

Tất cả các lớp đều làm vào tập bài tập trên lớp
+ Ghi cụm từ theo chủ đề và các cấu trúc ngữ pháp hay.
+ Phân tích CẤU TRÚC từng câu để NÓI + VIẾT giống bản xứ.

CHÚ Ý :
● Gạch các dấu mốc , mốc xử lý tới, không phải mốc xử lý ngược.
● Khi dịch ra tiếng Việt nhớ phải đưa về ngữ cảnh của Việt Nam.
● Một từ có nhiều nghĩa, khi dịch nên chọn nghĩa phù hợp với lĩnh vực, chuyên
ngành đang dịch và nên có kiến thức về chuyên ngành đang dịch.
● Dịch 1 lần chưa hiểu thì dịch lại 2,3 lần sẽ hiểu rõ ràng hơn.
● Nên " văn vẻ về tiếng Việt " để tất cả người nghe đều hiểu.

2
 TOURISM
BÀI 1 TOURIST TURNS TO
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

French Vietnamese expat works to preserve beauty and culture of northern

highlands, improve ethnic minority living standards. When Frédéric Tiberghien
Frédo first visited Vietnam 20 years ago as a tourist, he wanted to see more of the
country. He was already linked to the country, being born to a French father and
Vietnamese mother, but he lost both of them in an accident in France when he
was young, and was raised by his maternal grandmother, according to a 2011
report in the Kien Thuc (Knowledge) online newspaper. He worked as a carpenter
and a horse keeper in France and England before deciding to visit his mother's
native country.

In his fifties now, he is no longer a tourist. Vietnam has become home. And, he is

known as Frédo Binh.Frédo's transformation from a curious tourist to a charmed

one and to a tour operator himself has been accompanied by a motivation to

preserve the country's beauty, the culture of its ethnic minority residents and

improve the living standards of communities in a sustainable manner.

3
Over the years he has initiated community projects in many localities in the
northern highlands. In Cao Bang Province, he established a small museum
introducing local culture to foreign tourists. In Lao Cai Province, he built a bridge
that made it easier and safer for children to attend school. In Yen Bai Province,
he founded a nursery school and a community "culture house." He has also helped
improve sanitary facilities like toilets and septic tanks at various localities.

His most impressive achievement, however, is probably the eco-tourism project

he began in 2006 in Yen Bai Province's Ngoi Tu Village, which is home to Dao
ethnic families. Because of the project, locals are able to augment their incomes
from farming by participating in the tourism industry. They have also developed
a better awareness of environment protection. Many villagers have become
professional tour guides able to speak foreign languages.

"It is slow but lastingly effective to promote Vietnam's image through sustainable
tourism," Frédo told the An ninh thu do (Capital security) newspaper."Green
tourism is not only about sustaining the environment where it happens, but also
about how local culture is conveyed to visitors," he said. When he first arrived in
Vietnam and visited Hanoi's famous Old Quarter, he felt the "depth of the culture
of the peaceful country."

In 1994, he took adventurous trips to the northern highlands on a Minsk a

motorbike produced in Belarus. During those trips, he was not only charmed by
the beautiful landscape but also the culture of ethnic minority people he
met."Then I suddenly thought about doing tourism to earn a living," he said.
Frédo said he printed ads about his motorcycle tours and posted them at places
frequented by foreign tourists in Hanoi."Unexpectedly," it was "effective," as he
received many phone calls and bookings, he said.

4
In 1997, he founded a travel company called Compagine Bourlingue, which was
also known as Freewheeling Tours in English. He asked the ethnic minority
residents to join him in offering homestay experiences for foreign tourists in their
villages. Years later, he came upon Ngoi Tu Village on the banks of the Thac Ba
Lake in Vu Linh Commune. He was totally captivated by the scenery and the way
local people preserved their traditions and customs. So, he bought a stilt house
there and developed it into an eco-lodge that can accommodate 60 people.

Once again, he invited local people to join him in the eco-tourism project. He
taught them French and English. He also sent them to Hanoi, where they were
trained in being tour guides as well as other aspects of the hospitality industry.He
also worked to raise their awareness about protecting environment and their
culture, and earning a living in sustainable ways.Speaking about his project,
Luong Xuan Hoi, secretary of Vu Linh Commune's Party Unit, said local people's
life has changed a lot since they began participating in tourism.Previously, it was
not easy for them to earn more than VND2 million ($94.65) a month, as they only
did farm work, but now, that has changed. The way Frédo has done tourism,
moreover, has contributed to the preservation of local culture, the official said.

Frédo himself has changed a lot over the years. He can speak both Vietnamese
and the Dao people's language fluently. Although he is based in Hanoi, he visits
and stays in the village often, and has learnt a lot about the Dao culture, from the
meaning of pillars in their traditional houses to the practice of burning incense
and offering chicken to the spirits before building houses. He loves in particular
the festival that Dao people celebrate at the beginning of the spring to mark the
start of a new rice season."It is a beautiful aspect of culture," he said. "People
thank the plants, heaven and the earth for giving them a good life and harvest."

5
He regularly takes his 10-year-old son to Ngoi Tu, where the boy plays with local
children. And, like his father, he has learnt to speak Vietnamese and the Dao
language very well. Frédo is divorced and has two children. Asked if he will return
to France, Frédo said he will visit his home country, but would end up coming
back to Vietnam, because the country is now his "flesh and blood."

6
 ECONOMY
BÀI 2 Lack of government support blamed
as more firms shut
The number of companies shutting up shop rose last year while fewer new ones
were incorporated, reflecting the poor business environment and the government's
failure to support business.According to a recent report by the Vietnam Chamber
of Commerce and Industry (VCCI), the number of businesses that shut down or
suspended operations increased by 6.29 percent last year to over 54,200.Most of
them were in the finance, banking, and real estate.

The number of newly established firms declined by 9.9 percent to 69,900. Their
total registered capital was estimated at VND467.3 trillion (US$22.3 billion), also
down 9.9 percent from 2011.Vietnam now has just 300,000 firms, compared to
nearly 700,000 during the past decade.Most of firms operating in Vietnam now
are mainly microenterprises, which have less than 10 employees, and small ones
with 10-50 workers.

In 2011 some 39 percent of medium-sized companies reduced their staff size and
became small firms while 5 percent of small firms became microenterprises.The

7
average number of staff in a Vietnamese firm decreased to 34 in 2011 from 74 in
2002.Pham Thi Thu Hang, general secretary of the VCCI, said Vietnam lacks
medium-sized and large enterprises that take part in the global supply chains.Only
2.1 percent of firms are medium-sized, the report said.

The VCCI blamed the situation on the poor business environment and the
government's ineffective support measures, which benefit only large firms.
According to the Doing Business 2013 report by the World Bank, Vietnam ranks
99th out of 185 economies for ease of doing business.

The VCCI said the country's business environment has not improved much over
the past decade and remains below average.Administrative procedures, despite
being reformed for many years, still remain tortuous, hindering businesses, Vu
Quoc Tuan, chairman of the Vietnam Handicraft Village Association, said.The
government has proposed amendments to the tax law to cut corporate income tax
and also reduced interest rates to help businesses.But companies said the measures
have not really worked since their biggest difficulty now is to liquidate
inventories, not high tax or interest rates. Some 73 percent of firms polled by the
VCCI said large inventories were their biggest concern.

The Ministry of Finance last week announced plans to cut corporate income tax
to 22 percent on January 1 next year from the current 25 percent. It plans to bring
it down further to 20 percent in 2016-20.However, the 22 percent rate would apply
earlier to small and medium-sized enterprises from July as they are most
vulnerable in the depressed economy, Deputy Minister of Finance Vu Thi Mai
said.The ministry has also announced a 30-50 percent cut in value added tax for

8
developers of affordable housing from July. Mai said they play an important role
in helping low-income buyers and bringing greater liquidity to the property
market.

Nguyen Nhan Phuong, chairman of the Association of Small and Medium-Sized

Enterprises of Bac Ninh Province, said the tax reduction would not benefit small
and medium-sized firms that are already in deep trouble. It benefits only firms
with sound operation that are making profits, he said.

"Most of the weak companies, which should have received support from the
government, will not benefit because they have no profits to pay taxes," he
explained.Small and medium-sized firms now find it hard to sell their products,
and the government should help them study and update them on foreign markets,
he said.Many companies, whose products can be competitive in foreign markets,
have not been able to enter them, he added.

Meanwhile, the State Bank of Vietnam has cut lowered the maximum deposit rate
to 7.5 percent from 8 percent, the first cut this year following six in 2012, raising
expectations of cuts in lending rates.But economist Le Tham Duong said interest
rate cuts no longer excite expectations for the economy."Why will firms borrow
when demand is weak and inventories remain high?" he asked.Tran Thi Hong,
director of electrical home appliances maker Phuong Hong, said interest rates,
despite being cut, remain too high especially for small firms.

Her company's bank loans carry over 12 percent interest, but all are short-term,
since she does not dare make long-term credit decisions now. "We will borrow
only when the rates go below 9 percent," she said.The VCCI suggested that the
government should support firms by minimizing the import of unnecessary
products, thus boosting demand for domestic products.

9
 BÀI 3 Vietnam stuck in middle-income
trap, Japanese expert warns
A Japanese expert on Vietnam has warned that the country is getting mired in a
middle-income trap, which refers to a slowing down of growth from a rapid to
sluggish pace after reaching middle-income status. In 2008 Vietnam's income per
capita reached US$1,070, making it a “lower middle-income” country as the
World Bank classifies those with an average income of $1,036-4,085.

At a recent conference in Hanoi to discuss motivation for economic growth,

Professor Kenichi Ohno, who has been studying the Vietnamese economy for 20
years, said warnings about the trap have been raised by local analysts since then
but they failed to raise awareness among local businesses and the government
who were happy with the growth rate of the economy.

The earlier robust growth was due to the rise in the housing and stock markets,
not an increase in labor productivity, he said. The ongoing slump with the growth
rate falling below 6 percent in the past three years indicates that the country has
fallen into the trap, he said, noting that it is a crisis for an emerging economy to
grow under 6 percent.

10
Ohno also pointed to the faster pace of wage growth compared to productivity,
high input costs, and the lack of capacity to make structural adjustments in the
economy as among indications of the trap. According to the bank, a typical
middle-income trap occurs when a country's GDP per capita cannot exceed
$4,000-6,000 for 42 years after entering the middle-income bracket.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD, has

forecast that it would take Vietnam 44 years from now, until 2058 that is, to shift
to the upper middle-income level of $4,086-12,615. Tran Tho Dat, deputy head
of the Hanoi-based National Economics University, estimated that the country,
still with a per capita income of less than $2,000, would need to grow at 7.2
percent annually over the next decade to more than double it.

With the economic outlook not improving much, the government targets 6 percent
growth this year and next. Dat said Vietnam has run out of room for growth driven
by cheap labor and natural resources. Last year foreign investment rose by nearly
36 percent to $22.35 billion, still far from its peak of $64 billion in 2008.Analysts
are also concerned over foreign firms' meager contribution to economic growth,
and blame it on the lack of "connections" between them and domestic private
firms.

These links should be strengthened and the quality of FDI improved to achieve
rapid and sustainable growth, enabling the country to avoid the middle-income
trap that many nations are getting stuck in, Dat said. Economist Bui Kien Thanh
said despite the government’s attempts to loosen monetary policies and lower
credit interest rates, businesses are losing faith due to unstable policies and
corruption.

11
Worse still, cheap labor would no longer be an advantage after the next few years,
which would make the business environment less competitive, he said, adding
that many foreign investors are already complaining that costs are increasing at a
faster pace in Vietnam compared to other countries in the region.

Pham Chi Lan, another economist, said Vietnam is unlikely to escape from the
trap if it does not industrialize by 2020.The government has set this goal for 2020
but is “not specific” about the criteria for industrialization, she said, lamenting
that there has been little progress toward achieving the target.

But the country could still avoid the trap if it changes policies to make it a level
playing field for all participants in the economy. Medium-sized and small private
businesses receive less support from the government than state-owned, larger
private, and foreign firms though they create the most benefit for society, she
added.

12
INVESMENT - PROJECT

BÀI 4 Vietnam remains firm on

controversial airport project
Central government wants to go ahead with a multi-billion dollar plan to build
the Long Thanh Airport in Dong Nai Province, as the project is set to be voted by
lawmakers in June

The Ministry of Transport has rejected proposals by a group of constituents who

want to expand the current Tan Son Nhat airport instead of building a new one in
Dong Nai Province.Plans for the new airport also envisage building a new golf
course at Tan Son Nhat on land that critics say could be used for airport expansion
instead.In response to constituents in Tan Binh District – where Tan Son Nhat is
located – who say they have no need for a golf course, the ministry has argued
that the construction of the Long Thanh airport will satisfy demands that Tan Son
Nhat cannot because the number of passengers is increasing.

13
In a petition last month, the constituents said Vietnam should not build Long
Thanh airport, which is expected to cost at least US$7 billion in the first stage
because the country is still poor.Vietnam should not use official development
assistance to build the airport while the Tan Son Nhat airport has not even been
fully exploited yet, they said.They also demanded a revocation of plans to turn the
airport’s buffer zone into a golf course instead of using it to expand the current
airport.

In its response, the transport ministry said Tan Son Nhat airport served 20 million
passengers in 2013 and it would be overloaded soon.Expanding Tan Son Nhat to
serve 40-45 million passengers a year will be costly and unfeasible because it is
located in the residential area only seven kilometers from the city center, Tuoi
Tre (Youth) quoted a ministry document as saying.The transport ministry said Ho
Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, Binh Duong and Ba Ria - Vung Tau provinces are
major airline transport markets that link to bustling air transport routes in
Southeast Asia.

A major international airport is necessary to meet domestic and regional demand

and Long Thanh is a better place than other airports in the area, it said.Regarding
the golf course project at Tan Son Nhat, the ministry said it was approved under
proposals from the ministries of defense, construction and planning and
investment after being reviewed by other relevant ministries.

14
At a meeting to discuss the construction of Long Thanh airport on March 27,
transport minister Dinh La Thang reaffirmed that the project is necessary for the
country’s development.He instructed relevant agencies to clarify the necessity of
the project and the choice to build it in Long Thanh instead of Bien Hoa, Can Tho
or Da Lat and why Tan Son Nhat should not be expanded instead.According to
the Airports Corporation of Vietnam, the Long Thanh airport is expected to serve
up to 100 million passengers and five million tons of goods a year by 2030,
becoming a major airport in Southeast Asia.

The first stage is scheduled for completion in 2020 to serve 25 million passengers
and 1.2 million tons of goods a year, with an investment of $7 billion.In January,
Dong Nai authorities met with relevant agencies to discuss the resettlement of
local residents for the Long Thanh airport project.A total of 5,381 households of
more than 17,000 residents will be affected by the project, including 3,321
households that will have all their land revoked.

Compensation for affected residents is expected to be more than VND20.77

trillion.The project is set to be built on an area of 5,000 hectares (12,400 acres)
overlapping six communes in Dong Nai’s Long Thanh District.At a government
teleconference last December, authorities in HCMC and Dong Nai both supported
the construction of Long Thanh airport.“Without a new airport, Tan Son Nhat will
be overloaded in two or three years,” said HCMC mayor Le Hoang Quan.

15
Dinh Quoc Thai, chairman of the Dong Nai People’s Committee, said the
government should facilitate the Long Thanh airport project so the province will
develop stronger and more quickly soon.However, Nguyen Xuan Thanh, director
of the Public Policy Program at the HCMC-based Fulbright Economics Teaching
Program, told Dat Viet newspaper that his team had assessed the project and found
it to be financially-ineffective."No investor is interested in investing in the airport
under a BOT [build-operate-transfer] project. It will need to use ODA [official
development assistant]. The problem then is that the whole country has to pay the
debt.”

16
FINANCE - BANKING
BÀI 5 No takers for bad debts
Vietnam's new asset management company is finding it hard put to find investors
to whom it can resell the bad debts that it buys from the ailing banking
industry.Very few local investors have the financial capacity needed to buy such
debts and prospective foreign buyers are concerned about vague policies that
could weaken their investment.The Vietnam Asset Management Company
(VAMC) has thus far bought VND6.5 trillion (US$309.5 million) worth of bad
debts that have book value of VND7.8 trillion, from eight domestic joint stock
banks.

Run by the central bank, the company opened in July as the government aimed to
restructure bad debts that have crimped lending and further slowed the economy,
which is facing its most severe slump in at least a decade. Lenders with bad debts
of three percent or more are required to sell them to VAMC.Economist Nguyen
Tri Hieu said: "In theory, foreign investors are interested in Vietnam's bad debt
market, as it has not yet been tapped. However, they will not participate now due
to the lack of regulations on bad debt trading procedures, and the settlement of
secured assets."

Another barrier to foreign investors is that foreigners are not allowed to own land
in Vietnam. The regulation hinders them from getting mortgaged assets, mainly
properties, when buying bad debts, Hieu said.

17
Economist Bui Kien Thanh agreed with Hieu, adding that shortcomings in bad
debt assessment were also a barrier in reselling bad debts. In principle, banks,
when offering loans, evaluate mortgaged assets, mainly properties, below the
market value. However, it is difficult to price them now since the property market
is currently frozen.

Vietnam does not have independent assessment agencies yet.

"Foreign investors will not participate in the market unless they know the assets'
real value, the potential to resell the assets, and can understand clearly the bad
debt trading procedures in Vietnam," he added.Nguyen Quoc Hung, VAMC's vice
chairman, admitted that Vietnam is yet to have policies on selling bad debts to
foreign investors."We have to learn how other countries have dealt with the issue.
If foreign investors could participate, Vietnam can receive huge funds from
them."

Pham Manh Thuong, deputy director of the Ministry of Finance's Debt and Asset
Trading Company, said a number of foreign banks and funds have come to study
the country's market for bad debts."I myself have held talks with some big
investors who said they are ready to invest even billions of dollars in buying
Vietnamese bad debt," he said.But it is not an easy market for them, Thuong said.
"We cannot expect the participation of foreign investors in the next 1-2 years,
because there are too many barriers they cannot overcome, and we cannot remove
them in one or two days."

18
Apart from the complex procedures and lack of certainty about cooperation from
Vietnamese banks, their biggest problem is the lack of transparency on bad debts,
he said.Many banks have announced bad debts much lower than the real figures
due to worries about having make high risk provisions and loss of prestige. Banks
estimated their bad debts at 4.93 percent of loans as of September 2012, but the
central bank put the ratio it calculated independently at 8.82 percent.

Many foreign companies want to buy Vietnam's bad debts but they need a clearer
policy framework, said Karin Finkelston, vice president Asia Pacific for the
International Finance Corporation, a private sector lending arm of the World
Bank.Setting up the VAMC is a good thing to rescue lenders, but the country
should also develop a market mechanism to quickly resolve the debts, she said.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has recently said it is concerned that
VAMC's current capitalization may not be sufficient for it to deal with large
amounts of non-performing loans (NPLs).The VAMC has an initial registered
capital of VND500 billion, while the NPLs (non-performing loans) in the banking
system could total well over VND200 trillion.Hung of VAMC admitted that the
state, due to its thin budget, cannot pour more money to help the company by
NPLs, but has to wait for investors to do it.

The VAMC buys bad debts using its own funds or issues five-year, zero-coupon
"special" bonds to the banks in exchange. The bonds may be used to obtain
refinancing loans from the central bank to boost lending and stimulate an
economy that grew at just 5.03 percent last year.Thus, banks will still play the
decisive role in tacking their NPLs, an economist said.The VAMC is expected to
buy VND40-70 trillion worth bad debts this year. However, the biggest issue of
finding out customers to resell the bad debts has not yet been resolved.

19
Hung said the company will sell the debts to both foreign and local investors, but
not at any price, only for a profit.If the debts are not sold by the time the bonds
mature, the banks would have to swap those with the bad debts.Hung said the
company is mainly focusing on buying and categorizing bad debts at present, not
reselling them."After categorizing, VAMC will join hands with banks and firms
to deal with the debts."Some 60-70 percent of NPLs that VAMC bought from
banks are from real estate sector.

An economist said many NPLs are not eligible to be sold to VAMC, as it only
buys those backed by collateral. Thus, banks can only sell a part of their bad debts
to VAMC, and have not found a way to deal with the rest.Bad debts had accounted
for 4.58 percent of the total VND138.98 trillion in loans as of July, official news
website Banking Times reported last month, based on reports released by the
commercial banks themselves.

20
 TRADE

BÀI 6 TPP trade pact misses deadline

as more talks planned for January

Ministers negotiating the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership trade pact said

today they would miss a year-end deadline to complete the deal."We identified
potential landing zones for the majority of key outstanding issues in the text," U.S.
Trade Representative Michael Froman told reporters after four days of talks in
Singapore, reading a joint statement from ministers and delegation heads. "We
intend to meet again next month," he said, with market access issues yet to be
resolved.

The TPP, which would link an area with about $28 trillion in annual economic
output, has been bogged down by differences over issues from agricultural tariffs
to intellectual property. Leaders from the U.S. to Malaysia and Japan face

21
opposition to the deal from lawmakers at home, an obstacle that will have to be
overcome once the agreement itself is finalized.No new timeline has been set to
reach an agreement on the TPP, a pact goes beyond usual trade deals that focus
on tariffs and traditional goods such as agriculture. It would establish rules for
digital commerce and include environmental standards and protection for
companies that compete against government-backed businesses.

"We had various bilateral talks and of course everybody understands that there
are sensitivities for each country," said Yasutoshi Nishimura, Japan's Deputy
Economy Minister, speaking through a translator. Economy chief Akira Amari
missed the talks after being diagnosed with early stage tongue cancer."We have
been making necessary adjustments and coordination and deepened our
discussion," Nishimura said. The U.S. made progress with Japan in talks on
automobiles and insurance, and still has more work to do on cars and agriculture,
Froman told reporters.

The delay in concluding the TPP complicates the Obama administration's so-
called pivot to Asia, already dogged by tensions with China over the East and
South China Seas. President Barack Obama sent Secretary of State John Kerry in
his place on a four-nation trip to Asia in October as he dealt with a partial
government shutdown at home. He plans a trip to the region in April.The countries
in the pact are the U.S., Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia,
Mexico,New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. China, which has been
excluded from TPP, is separately moving on trade talks with countries such as
South Korea, Japan and Australia.

22
The TPP talks follow an accord struck by the World Trade Organization, the first
multilateral agreement negotiated by the WTO's 159 member nations in its 18-
year history. The pact, unveiled in Bali Dec. 7, is designed to smooth commerce
at borders and safeguard food security in developing nations. A successful WTO
deal may add $1 trillion to the world economy, supporters among business groups
have said."There is a line on which Japan can absolutely not compromise," Japan's
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga told reporters earlier today in Tokyo of
the TPP. Still, Japan's team "will continue to put all their energies into the
negotiations until the end for the sake of the national interest."

Japan's defense of its farming and automobile industries and reluctance to allow
access for U.S. automobiles have been among issues impeding progress on the
deal. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe seeks to increase agricultural efficiency in the
nation's 1.2 million rice farms and remove hurdles to his pursuit of free-trade pacts
including the TPP.

In the U.S., Obama faces opposition to the deal from Congress, consumer
advocates, automakers and labor unions over a range of issues. Last month 151
House Democrats sent a letter to Obama stating their opposition to granting him
fast-track authority to negotiate trade agreements, citing a lack of congressional
consultation in the TPP negotiations.U.S. Vice President Joseph Biden's trip to
Asia last week, intended to pin down the TPP and renew the U.S. emphasis on
Asia, was overshadowed by China's Nov. 23 announcement of an air defense zone
over a large swathe of the East China Sea, including islands at the center of a
territorial dispute with Japan.

23
South Korea late last month expressed interest in joining the talks, and said it
could start preliminary bilateral discussions with TPP parties. That would not
amount to a formal decision to join the TPP process, the trade and finance
ministries said in a joint statement Nov. 29.

"The Australian government has said that it would be able to consider, on a case-
by-case basis, the possible support for an ISDS -- investor-state dispute settlement
-- pursuit," Trade Minister Andrew Robb told reporters in Singapore. "We've said
that we're prepared to consider that in the context of TPP provided there is a
substantial market-access result."The anti-secrecy group WikiLeaks on Nov. 13
released a document said to be a draft of the intellectual-property chapter of the
accord, a move which Malaysia's international trade minister Mustapa Mohamed
said in an interview Nov. 20 "is not helping the process."

Some TPP provisions would "trample over individual rights," according to

WikiLeaks, which this week also released two documents it said were prepared
by a TPP negotiating country and showed strong disagreement between the U.S.
and its partners on issues including investor-state dispute settlement, intellectual
property and the treatment of medicines.

24
 LABOUR
BÀI 7 Vietnam executive search market
has grown at snail's pace: headhunter

In Vietnam it is very difficult for firms to find candidates for CEO jobs because
of the shortage of managerial experience.Many have to hire expats even if they
prefer Vietnamese, who would have a better understanding of the country's
culture, business environment, and legal system, managing director of recruitment
firm Navigos Search Nguyen Thi Van Anh tells Vietweek.

Vietweek: How do you assess the executive recruitment market?

Nguyen Thi Van Anh: The economic slowdown has affected demand for mid-
level and senior staff, which include those in the position of deputy director
upwards, and experienced engineers. Amid the high production costs, high

25
inventories of goods, and lower demand, firms cannot expand their business. They
have to find ways to cut costs, including on personnel.

The pressure to cut costs is higher in some fields with high personnel costs like
services. A wave of personnel cuts has occurred since 2011. But the middle- and
senior-level markets have not seen a mass reduction because there are only a few
positions for mid-level and senior employees in each company, and it is very
difficult for companies to find talent.

Some other firms even take advantage of the current dull recruitment market to
scour for talents for top positions though it is costly. It is easier for them to recruit
employees now as they can have more options and time to assess candidates. It
will be too late if firms leave executive search and recruitment until the economy
recovers and their production and business bounce back.It is very difficult to find
executive talent, especially CEOs, in Vietnam. FPT has not been able to find a
CEO for a long time.

In the field of information and technology, many Vietnamese and foreign firms
wish to set up software development centers in the country, but they cannot find
enough engineers to meet their demand because of the supply shortage. The
qualifications of local engineers are not enough to meet the requirements of
employers.Many of our engineers do not know foreign languages, and are not
updated on the developments in their fields.

Candidates for CEO jobs lack managerial experience and strategic vision. So
many firms still have to recruit expats for the position though they prefer
Vietnamese, who have better understanding of the country's culture, business
environment, and legal system.

26
FDI flows have increased this year. Have they impacted the executive recruitment
market?
Registered capital is not important, only disbursed capital. Investors have demand
for executive talent only when they execute their projects in Vietnam. We see an
increase in demand for senior employees in some Japanese invested enterprises,
but it is not a sharp rise.

In what sectors do firms face the most difficulty in executive search and
recruitment?
It is difficult find CEOs in all sectors. Vietnamese can meet the requirements for
middle-level positions. Most deputy directors and directors in firms are local
people.It used to be difficult 5-7 years ago for employers to find local people for
even the director's position in their companies, so they used to employ expats.

Now Vietnamese people have learned managerial skills, so directors in most

companies are locals. I hope Vietnamese people's qualifications improve in the
next few years, and CEO recruitment will become easier.Many multinational
companies rotate employees between countries for staff training. They could
move their employees in Thailand, Singapore, or Indonesia to Vietnam and vice
versa. This way they are also training Vietnamese employees, helping improve
the qualifications of local workers.

How do you assess the attractiveness of the Vietnamese market to foreign

employees?
Many candidates from Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore have applied for jobs we
advertise on our website. Some expats are willing to work in Vietnam because of
political stability, high development potential, and acceptable income.But senior

27
candidates will not want to work in Vietnam because they want to develop their
capacity in developed and competitive markets like the US and Japan. The
Vietnamese market is very small, so the size of firms is also small.

Does Vietnam have a true executive recruitment market?

Not yet. Vietnam opened up for foreign direct investment over 20 years ago, and
workers need more time to meet the requirements of firms. Firms' needs in terms
of both quantity and qualification have not been met yet. The shortage of senior
employees will be even more serious when the economy recovers and labor
demand bounces back. The number of university graduates is very large, but their
capabilities cannot meet firms' requirements.

Hasn't it been too long? After all Vietnam opened its doors more than 20 years
ago?
Yes, it has been too slow. The changes in our educational system have not caught
up with economic development, failing to meet the requirements of employers.
FPT has even had to start a university to serve need for employees. Vietnam will
become less competitive in attracting FDI unless the government carefully
reconsiders the issue. We would have to compete with other countries in
attracting FDI by increasing workers' productivity, not by offering low wages.
The productivity of Vietnamese workers is low compared to that of those from
China, Thailand, and Malaysia.

How are the salaries offered to executives?

The highest salaries are often seen in the financial and banking sector. CEO of
banks could get hundreds of thousands of dollars a year, or even $1 million. CEOs
in the manufacturing sector could get $200,000-300,000 a year.Expats often get
higher salaries than local employees in the same positions, maybe because of
employers' higher expectations.

28
 REAL ESTATE

BÀI 8 Ex-deputy minister sees better

times ahead for low-priced property market

The low-priced housing segment will improve next year, Dang Hung Vo, a former
deputy minister of natural resources and environment, tellsVietweek

Why does the property market not recover despite all the measures taken to revive
it?
Dang Hung Vo: Because of the large investments involved, the property market
has often a big inertia. It means it takes a long time for the market to recover from
a period of sluggishness. If there is a boom, that too lasts a long time.In 2013 we
helped resolve many of the difficulties faced by developers like capital shortage
and large inventories. The government has cut some of their taxes and land rent
and extended the time for them to pay land use fee. It has helped developers
overcome difficulties, but not yet affected the market.

29
This year the government rolled out a supporting package of VND30 trillion
(US$1.43 billion) to spur the low-income housing segment of property market,70
percent of it to subsidize interest rates for low-income buyers and the rest
earmarked for developers of low-priced housing projects. The support for
developers of low-priced housing has been effective though it has not really

created many choices for consumers. The supply of low-priced commercial

housing projects and social ones has increased. Early this year it was difficult to
buy an apartment in social housing projects due to the low supply. But we can do
it easily now, and have greater choice in terms of prices and locations.

However, disbursement of the package has been slow. The requirements for home
buyers to demonstrate their loan repayment ability and housing situation are too
complicated. So far over VND800 billion has been disbursed. It is too small. The
disbursement should have been faster. The issue should be resolved in 2014.

If demand is spurred, the low-income housing segment could soon recover. This
is a factor that could increase the confidence in the market, creating a foundation
for dealing with issues in the medium- and high-priced segments.

Another issue we need to resolve but have not done much about is the inventory
of medium- and high-priced housing. We have established the Vietnam Asset
Management Company to deal with the housing inventory attached with bad
debts. However, it has not been effective since we do not yet know what is form
of bad debts structure in the housing inventory. In the beginning of the year, it
was officially reported that almost all properties with bad debt were in the form
of completed housing, but at the end of the year, statistical data show that 70
percent were in the form of residential land - without housing.

30
The property inventory has reduced slightly as the government has allowed
developers to make changes to housing projects so that they could be used for
other purposes or divided into smaller ones with lower value. We have done
something to reduce the inventory, but the task at hand is still huge.The draft
revised housing law and revised real estate business law has an important
renovation that expands real property market for foreign consumers. It is a good
vision on resolving the housing inventory in current time and also for long term
development of housing market.

There is a concern about excessive supply of low-priced housing in future, the

same situation that existed with high-priced housing a few years ago. What do
you think about it?
The concern is reasonable but comes too early since the supply of low-priced and
social housing is still low. Many people have not yet been able to buy a low-priced
house. We need to work out a housing planning and its implementation. We have
yet several serious problems with urban planning based on population, housing,
infrastructure, public services and not calculated the number of high, medium-,
and low-priced houses we need.

The low-priced housing segment has developed only since 2009, so it is too early
to worry about excessive supply in the segment.But we need to make housing
plans in a careful and feasible manner. This is a fundamental issue for a
sustainable housing market.

Doan Nguyen Duc, chairman of Hoang Anh Gia Lai, has recently announced the
company will pull out of the property market. Do you think it is because of the
market situation?

31
I don't think one investor's decision can strongly affect the market. A company
could decide to invest in a market and leave the market for another. I don't believe

that an investor in Vietnam could affect the market. Vietnam has many property
investors, including many big ones - Hoang Anh Gia Lai is just one of them. The
property market was not controlled by Doan Nguyen Duc, so his decision will not
have any impact on the market.

Have property prices bottomed?

Firstly, we need have a definition what is the bottom of market. I think we can
agree that the bottom of housing market is the price calculated on production cost
of house. In this meaning, they have fallen nearly to the bottom. Now you can buy
a 40-50 sq. m house for just VND500-600 million. If it is reduced further, builders
will face losses.Obviously, we can do more to reduce the price, for instance by
using more advanced construction technologies and materials and reducing
management cost and also capital using cost.

How do you see the market next year?

The low-priced segment will see better growth next year. It will see a larger
number of transactions. But we need to do more to help the market recover soon.
The government should consider allowing banks to accept the huge volume of
gold owned by people as deposits to develop the property market. The current
policy, which does not allow gold transactions or deposits, has prevented the
property market from benefiting.

The Housing Law and the Real Estate Business Law are in revising process and
to be adopted by the National Assembly late next year. Under those laws, expats
will find it easier not only to buy houses and also to have the transaction rights in
Vietnam. This is a new decision and will contribute to strengthening belief and
demand in the market.

32
 AGRICULTURE

BÀI 9 Rice Rout Seen Extending as Thai

Sales Quicken: Southeast Asia

Global rice prices will extend declines as Thailand is forced to offload grain from
record stockpiles accumulated under a state-buying program, according to the
Vietnam Food Association, the main shippers’ group.
Exports to China and Africa from the second-largest shipper will drop this year
on increased competition from Thailand as well as from India and Pakistan amid
a global glut, said Truong Thanh Phong, chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City-based
group.

While Thailand’s reserves built up as the government paid farmers above-market

prices since 2011, the program is now short of funds and unpaid growers are
demanding stockpile sales. The unrest by the growers adds to opposition targeting
Yingluck Shinawatra’s caretaker administration, which has faced months of
demonstrations. Phong’s comments reflect concern among exporters about the
pace of sales from holdings that are large enough to cover 39 percent of annual
world import demand.“

33
The rice market has seen fierce competition for the past two years due to the global
surplus,” said Phong, who has been chairman of the group for 13 years. Global
prices will decline this year because they’re guided by Thai rates, he said.The
price of new-crop Thai 5-percent broken white rice, a benchmark grade, tumbled
23 percent last year and was at $460 a metric ton on Feb. 12. The Vietnamese 5
percent-broken variety is about $395 a ton, higher than $370 for old-harvest Thai
grain, Phong said, without giving price forecasts. Rough rice fell 0.3 percent to
$15.81 per 100 pounds in Chicago today, paring losses this year to 0.7 percent.

Thailand spent 689 billion baht ($21 billion) in the past two years buying from
farmers to boost rural incomes. That spurred the buildup in the inventories to 14.7
million tons this year from 6.1 million tons in 2010, according to the U.S.
Department of Agriculture. The program is set to lapse at the end of this month as
Prime Minister Yingluck’s caretaker administration doesn’t have the authority to
extend it.

“Given the caretaker government’s troubles in securing financing to pay farmers

for their paddy pledged during the past wet-season crop, it seems likely that they
will try to increase sales,” said David Dawe, Bangkok-based senior economist at
the Food & Agriculture Organization. “If they are sold too soon and all at once,
the global price will fall, but if they are sold too late then the quality will continue
to deteriorate.”

34
Thai farmers blocked roads in the provinces and protested in Bangkok this month,
urging a faster pace of sales from the stockpiles so that the government can make
missed payments to growers. It may take about five years for the state stockpiles
to be sold off and a further slump in prices is possible as more of the grain is
shipped out, Thai Rice Exporters Association President Chareon Laothamatas
said on Feb. 5.

Thailand plans to sell about 1 million tons a month from stockpiles during the first
quarter, Deputy Prime Minister and Commerce Minister Niwattumrong
Boonsongpaisan said on Feb. 17. The government will clear all remaining
payments to farmers within six to eight weeks using short-term borrowings,
Finance Minister Kittiratt Na-Ranong said the same day.Vietnam’s exports are
forecast at 6.5 million to 7 million tons this year, with shipments of 1.2 million
tons seen this quarter and 3.5 million in the first half, Phong said. The country
shipped 6.68 million tons in 2013, the lowest level in four years, according to
VFA data.

Official exports to China may drop 9.1 percent to 2 million tons this year, Phong
said on Feb. 14, referring to trade tracked by customs. Unofficial shipments, not
tracked by customs, may slide to 1 million tons to 1.1 million tons from a range
of 1.4 million tons to 1.5 million last year, Phong said.

China, the world’s largest buyer, will import 3.4 million tons in 2014, according
to the USDA. Heilongjiang province halted a plan to buy 1.2 million tons, Deputy
Prime Minister Niwattumrong said on Feb. 4, citing the province’s concerns about
an anti-corruption probe into the program.There’s enough evidence to charge
Yingluck with negligence for her role overseeing the policy that generated losses,
the National Anti-Corruption Commission said yesterday. Yingluck will have an

35
opportunity to defend herself before the commission determines whether she will
be indicted. The prime minister defended the program in a national address
yesterday.

Vietnam’s sales to Africa will drop as India and Pakistan offer cheaper prices,
Phong said. Shipments were 1.9 million tons last year, accounting for about 28
percent of the total. That’ll decline to 23 percent to 25 percent this year, he
said.Shipments from India, the second-largest producer, will probably expand to
a record 11 million tons in the 12 months through March, according to M.P.
Jindal, president of the All India Rice Exporters Association. Exports from
Pakistan may total 3.4 million tons in 2014 compared with 3.5 million tons last
year, a USDA projection shows.

The global rice harvest expanded 0.8 percent to 469.5 million tons in 2013,
outstripping demand of 467.1 million tons, according to the USDA. The surplus -
- together with record supplies of wheat, corn and soybeans -- helped world food
costs tracked by the Rome-based Food & Agriculture Organization to drop 15
percent from a record in February 2011.Vietnam’s total output of unmilled rice
this year will be similar to last year’s 44 million tons, Phong said. In 2015, the
harvest may decline 2 percent to 3 percent as the government implements a plan
to switch more land to other crops, he said.

The switch away from rice is designed to boost farmers’ incomes, with corn one
of the alternatives, Pham Dong Quang, deputy head of the government’s crop-
production department, said in an interview in September. Any reduction in
planting will be mainly in the north of the country as the Mekong Delta in the
south will stick to rice, said the VFA’s Phong.“We will try to promote trade in
China because it’s our biggest buyer,” said Phong, who’s been in the industry for
almost four decades. “But China will definitely demand lower prices from us
because of Thailand’s selling pressure.”

36
 EXPORT - IMPORT
BÀI 10 Garment industry hit by

competition from low-cost rivals

Vietnamese garment exports, plagued by rising labor costs and heavy reliance on
imported raw materials, face fierce competition from low-priced products from
other countries.As a result, export growth is expected to be lower this year, with
the target being only 12 percent, compared to 18 percent last year, according to
the Vietnam Textile and Garment Association.

Pham Xuan Hong, the chairman of the association, said: “Vietnam is facing big
competition from some countries, including Bangladesh, which offer lower
selling prices due to their lower labor costs.”He said Bangladesh has among the
lowest labor costs in Asia, with workers getting average monthly salaries of
US$70-100, or just one third of that in Vietnam.

37
Bangladesh also produces more raw materials for the garment industry than
Vietnam, which also makes its products more competitive, Hong said.A report on
the Vietnamese government website last year said the garment industry imports
70 percent of feedstock.Industry insiders said they are highly dependent on
Chinese raw materials.

Local cotton production, for instance, is only 5,000 tons, enough to meet just 1
percent of the demand, while cloth production is estimated at less than 1 billion
meters, or 10 percent of the industry’s needs, according to the association.The
heavy reliance on import of raw materials causes great difficulty for garment
producers. “When they receive too many orders, foreign suppliers do not provide
materials in time. Sometimes they delay delivery by one or two months, affecting
our production,” said the head of a garment company in Hung Yen Province.

“So many garment companies cannot deliver to importers on schedule, affecting

their prestige. They even lose customers.”But it is not easy to reduce imports since
the domestic industry is still undeveloped. “Many textile and dyeing businesses
are refused licenses everywhere they go since authorities are afraid of
environmental pollution,” Le Quang Hung, chairman of the Saigon Garment
Production and Commerce JSC, said. “So I think some government policies are
needed here.”

Cambodia has also become a rival to Vietnam since the US has granted it most
favored nation status, meaning Cambodian garments enjoy zero tariff when
exported to the US.“Lower export tax and labor costs in Cambodia are also
important factors,” Phung Dinh Ngo, head of garment producer Hoa Binh,
said.Vietnamese garments are subject to an export tax of around 17 percent, he

38
added.Vietnamese garment producers expect the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
that it is set for signing this year to boost their export prospects. But things may
not be so straightforward.

Le Tien Truong, vice chairman of the Vietnam Garment and Textile Group, said
to benefit from preferential tariffs in the US market, exporters would also need to
meet the TPP’s requirements on the origins of raw materials. Vietnam’s garment
industry imports most of its raw material needs from non-TPP members, mainly
China, meaning it cannot meet the requirements, he said.Meanwhile, there are no
indications that foreign investors would expand investments in Vietnam to make
use of the TPP, he said.

In fact, Vietnam should have beefed up production of materials to benefit from

the TPP, of which the "yarn forward" rule requires clothing to be made from yarn
and fabric manufactured in one of the free trade partner nations to qualify for duty-
free treatment, Truong said.Foreign investors have not been interested in making
needed investments, he added.He said the most important task now for garment
producers is to improve quality to boost their competitiveness.

39
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

PHẦN 2 VIẾT CÂU

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

PHƯƠNG PHÁP VIẾT

1. Đọc hiểu nội dung câu tiếng Việt và phân tích xem đoạn
đó có mấy câu, câu đó có mấy vế, vế đó thì S+V+O là gì.
2. Gạch mốc và suy nghĩ các cụm từ
3.Mốc thì xử lý tới, không phải mốc xử lý ngược

40
 BÀI 1 - DU LỊCH
1. Ngành du lịch Việt Nam tiếp đón khoảng 5 triệu du khách quốc tế mỗi
năm mặc dù có nhiều sự cạnh tranh khốc liệt từ các quốc gia láng giềng.
2. Peter Nguyen là người Việt gốc Mỹ với cha người Mỹ và mẹ người Việt.
Peter đã về thăm quê nhà của mẹ anh ấy lần đầu tiên vào năm 1990.
3.Peter bị ấn tượng bởi vẻ đẹp thiên nhiên, văn hóa truyền thống và con
người thân thiện. Peter đã quyết định ở lại Việt Nam để nghiên cứu nền văn
hóa độc đáo của dân tộc thiểu số ở các tỉnh cao nguyên phía Bắc.

4. Peter đã thành lập 1 bảo tàng văn hóa nhỏ để giới thiệu đến các du khách
nước ngoài về cuộc sống hằng ngày của người dân địa phương. Bảo tàng
này được xem như là 1 cầu nối văn hóa giữa người bản xứ phương Đông và
những du khách phương Tây.
5. Bên cạnh đó, Peter đã thực hiện nhiều dự án cộng đồng để cải thiện tiêu
chuẩn sống của người dân địa phương, xây dựng nhiều trường học cấp 1 và
cấp 2 cũng như là nâng cao nhận thức của họ về việc giữ gìn văn hóa truyền
thống.
6. Peter đã hợp tác với chính quyền địa phương để tổ chức các chuyến tham
quan thú vị và các lễ hội văn hóa cho khách du lịch trong và ngoài nước để
tăng thu nhập cho địa phương và tạo việc làm cho lao động địa phương.

41
 BÀI 2 - GIAO THÔNG
1. Với nền kinh tế tăng trưởng nhanh trong những năm gần đây, cơ sở hạ
tầng giao thông yếu kém và lạc hậu của Việt Nam không thể đáp ứng được
nhu cầu cao về vận chuyển hành khách và hàng hóa.
2. Chính phủ đã ban hành nhiều giải pháp hữu hiệu để giảm sức ép lên hệ
thống giao thông và đã tập trung vào việc phát triển các phương tiện giao
thông công cộng, hạn chế phương tiện giao thông cá nhân.
3. Chính phủ đã cấp giấy phép cho 1 số hãng hàng không nước ngoài để
nâng cao khả năng vận chuyển hành khách bằng giao thông hàng không
trong khi giao thông đường bộ và đường sắt đang bị quá tải.

4. Nó có nghĩa là hãng hàng không quốc gia VN cần phải được nâng cấp và
mở rộng để nâng cao khả năng cạnh tranh ở các chuyến bay nội địa cũng
như quốc tế.
5. Bộ giao thông vận tải đã yêu cầu VietNam airline tổ chức các chương
trình đào tạo cho nhân viên mới để cải thiện chất lượng dịch vụ khách hàng,
đầu tư vào việc nâng cấp cơ sở hạ tầng để đáp ứng nhu cầu ngày càng cao
của vận chuyển hàng hóa và hành khách.
6. Các sân bay trong nước thường phải chịu thua lỗ lớn trong vài năm đầu
tiên vì có quá ít chuyến bay. Vì vậy mà các địa phương này cần phải làm
mới hình ảnh và quảng bá các địa điểm du lịch hấp dẫn để thu hút các du
khách trong và ngoài nước.

42
 BÀI 3 - NĂNG LƯỢNG
1. Nền kinh tế đang phát triển của Việt Nam đang phải đối mặt với sự thiếu
hụt trầm trọng về nguồn năng lượng.
2. Các chuyên gia kinh tế tin rằng chính phủ Việt Nam cần phải giải quyết
vấn đề phức tạp này một cách nhanh chóng để cung cấp đủ nguồn điện cho
các doanh nghiệp địa phương.
3. Chính phủ đã yêu cầu Bộ công nghiệp và thương mại lập kế hoạch xây
dựng 2 nhà máy năng lượng mới ở các tỉnh miền Trung và phía Bắc để đáp
ứng nhu cầu gia tăng về nguồn điện giá rẻ để phát triển kinh tế.

4. Bên cạnh đó, Việt Nam lên kế hoạch sẽ kí hợp đồng với các công ty năng
lượng của Nga để xây dựng 2 nhà máy năng lượng hạt nhân và đào tạo nguồn
nhân lực trong lĩnh vực mới mẻ này.
5. Hiện tại, khu vực Đông Nam Á chưa có các nhà máy năng lượng hạt nhân
và nếu như kế hoạch tham vọng này được hoàn tất thì Việt Nam sẽ là quốc
gia đầu tiên sở hữu năng lượng hạt nhân để phát triển tiềm năng kinh tế to
lớn của mình.
6. Tuy nhiên, các chuyên gia cảnh báo rằng Việt Nam phải chú ý đến sự hiệu
quả năng lượng, đầu tư vào các nguồn năng lượng có thể tái tạo được .

43
 BÀI 4 - Y DƯỢC
1. Ngành dược Việt Nam chứng kiến bước tăng trưởng nhanh trong 2 thập
kỉ gần đây và các công ty dược lớn trong và ngoài nước đạt được mức lợi
nhuận khổng lồ.
2.Với tiềm năng to lớn, ngành dược đã thu hút được nhiều nhà đầu tư nước
ngoài với tổng vốn đầu tư hơn 2 tỉ đôla.
3.Các công ty dược trong nước hầu như không thể cạnh tranh với công ty
nước ngoài bởi vì công nghệ lạc hậu, chi phí sản xuất cao, quản lí không
hiệu quả.

4.Ngoài ra, người dân trong nước vẫn ưa thích dùng thuốc nhập khẩu hơn so
với thuốc sản xuất trong nước mặc dù chúng có cùng chất lượng.
5.Vì vậy mà nhiều công ty dược nội địa đã phải đóng cửa vì chi phí nhập
khẩu nguyên liệu quá cao, điều này dẫn đến giá thành sản phẩm cao hơn
thuốc nước ngoài.
6.Bộ y tế vừa thông báo 1 kế hoạch chi tiết để hạn chế các công ty dược
phẩm nước ngoài kiểm soát thị trường dược trong nước và khuyến khích các
công ty dược trong nước gia tăng hoạt động sản xuất.

44
 BÀI 5 - XUẤT NHẬP KHẨU
1. Các ngôi chợ ở các tỉnh phía bắc là nguồn cung cấp lớn nhất về các sản
phẩm nông nghiệp và hầu hết các hàng hóa có nguồn gốc không rõ ràng.
2. Với chi phí sản xuất cao và năng suất thấp, hầu hết nông dân địa phương
đã dừng việc trồng trọt trên cánh đồng. Thay vào đó, họ nhập khẩu các sản
phẩm Trung Quốc và bán lại cho các cửa hàng thực phẩm để kiếm lợi nhuận
lớn hơn.
3. Tuy nhiên các cơ quan địa phương thiếu 1 qui trình giám sát chặt chẽ các
mặt hàng nhập khẩu giá rẻ này. Vì vậy mà không ai chịu trách nhiệm về an
toàn cũng như chất lượng của những món hàng này .

4. Các nhân viên hải quan phải liên tục kiểm tra kĩ lưỡng các hồ sơ xuất nhập
khẩu để đảm bảo rằng những mặt hàng này được nhập khẩu từ 1 nguồn gốc
rõ ràng và được áp 1 mức thuế phù hợp.
5. Theo nhiều thương gia, các sản phẩm nông nghiệp từ Trung Quốc như rau
và trái cây thường được lưu trữ bằng các phương pháp bảo quản đặc biệt với
các hóa chất độc hại.Vì vậy mà rau và trái cây có thể được lưu trữ trong 1
thời gian dài mà không bị thối rữa.
6. Theo con số thống kê của Bộ Nông nghiệp và phát triển nông thôn thì các
vụ mùa trong nước bị ảnh hưởng nặng nề bởi các cơn bão mạnh hồi đầu năm
nên Việt Nam đã phải nhập khẩu 1 số lượng lớn rau quả Trung Quốc nhưng
con số chính xác chưa được thông báo.

45
 BÀI 6 - KINH TẾ
1. Theo báo cáo gần đây của phòng thương mại và công nghiệp Việt Nam,
số lượng các doanh nghiệp mà phải đóng cửa hoặc dừng hoạt động kinh
doanh tăng nhanh lên đến 30000 doanh nghiệp.
2. Bộ kế hoạch và đầu tư đổ lỗi điều này cho môi trường kinh doanh tệ cũng
như là tình hình kinh tế khó khăn. Ngoài ra,các cơ quan trung ương đã không
ban hành các giải pháp hữu hiệu để hỗ trợ cho các doanh nghiệp có qui mô
vừa và nhỏ.
3. Phần lớn các doanh nghiệp này hoạt động trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng, bất
động sản và họ phải đối mặt với rất nhiều khó khăn tài chính khi mà thị
trường nhà ở bị đóng băng trong cuộc khủng hoảng kinh tế toàn cầu.

4. Khi mà nền kinh tế suy giảm thì những công ty này thiếu nguồn vốn để
duy trì và mở rộng hoạt động sản xuất và họ phải đi vay vốn từ các ngân
hàng thương mại với tỉ lệ lãi suất cao.
5. Ông Tèo, chủ tịch của hiệp hội các doanh nghiệp nhỏ trong nước, đã đề
nghị chính phủ xem xét cắt giảm thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp để hỗ trợ các
doanh nghiệp vượt qua khó khăn và tồn tại trong bối cảnh kinh tế khó khăn.
6. Bên cạnh đó, chính phủ nên ban hành các chính sách kịp thời như ngăn
chặn việc nhập khẩu hàng hóa nước ngoài để cải thiện nhu cầu về hàng hóa
nội địa hoặc kích thích nền kinh tế bằng cách cho các doanh nghiệp vay các
nguồn vốn giá rẻ để tiếp tục việc sản xuất .

46
 BÀI 7 - ĐÔ THỊ HÓA
1. Trong những năm gần đây, việc đô thị hóa nhanh đã gây ra nhiều tổn hại
nghiêm trọng đến cuộc sống của người dân địa phương và tài nguyên thiên
nhiên không chỉ tại các vùng thành thị mà còn tại các vùng nông thôn.
2. Các đô thị trung tâm phải chịu sức ép ngày càng tăng to lớn bởi vì các cơ
quan quản lí thiếu các biện pháp hữu hiệu trong chỉ đạo và quản lý quy hoạch
xây dựng.
3. Bộ kế hoạch và đầu tư đã không nghiên cứu kĩ lưỡng các bản đánh giá tác
động môi trường và đã dễ dàng cấp phép cho những dự án đầu tư nước ngoài
lớn mà thiếu sự cân nhắc thận trọng.

4. Thêm vào đó, các cơ quan có liên quan cũng thiếu sự giám sát chặt chẽ
việc xây dựng của các hệ thống xử lí nước thải .Tốc độ phát triển của hệ
thống giao thông đô thị thấp hơn rất nhiều so với tốc độ đô thị hóa và tốc độ
gia tăng của phương tiện giao thông.
5. Một số ưu điểm của việc gia tăng đô thị hóa là sự phát triển nhanh chóng
của các khu trung tâm thương mại và công nghiệp. Điều này có nghĩa là thu
nhập bình quân đầu người, trình độ học vấn và chất lượng cuộc sống được
nâng cao.
6. Một số nhược điểm của quá trình đô thị hóa là mật độ dân số ở đô thị tăng
nhanh. Điều này dẫn đến nhu cầu về nhà ở gia tăng mà chính quyền thành
phố không để đáp ứng được.Các sản phẩm công nghiệp được thải trực tiếp
ra môi trường và đe dọa trực tiếp đến sức khỏe và chất lượng cuộc sống.

47
 BÀI 8 - NGÂN HÀNG
1.Một qui định mới nghiêm khắc hơn vừa được ngân hàng nhà nước Việt
Nam ban hành, cái mà sẽ có hiệu lực ngay lập tức, để làm giảm tỉ lệ nợ xấu
của toàn bộ hệ thống ngân hàng.
2. Ngân hàng nhà nước Việt Nam đã hướng dẫn các ngân hàng thương mại
và cổ phần thắt chặt các điều kiện cho vay đối với các doanh nghiệp hoạt
động yếu kém.
3. Động thái cứng rắn này nhằm mục đích hạn chế các rủi ro tài chính cái
mà liên quan đến các hoạt động cho vay và huy động. Tuy nhiên nó lại cản
trở các doanh nghiệp từ việc tiếp cận đến các nguồn vốn để khôi phục nền
kinh tế trì trệ.

4. Các chuyên gia ngân hàng cho rằng chính sách mới này nên bị hoãn lại
cho đến năm sau vì nếu nó được áp dụng ngay bây giờ thì sẽ có rất nhiều
doanh nghiệp bất động sản buộc phải tuyên bố phá sản bởi vì những món nợ
khổng lồ hiện tại của họ,mà điều này có thể gây ra hậu quả to lớn hơn cho
kinh tế.
5. Một giải pháp phù hợp đang được xem xét đó là các món nợ xấu này sẽ
được bán cho công ty quản lí tài sản Việt Nam (VAMC), công ty vừa mới
được thành lập vào tháng trước để đánh giá chính xác tình hình nợ xấu, tái
cơ cấu các khoản nợ xấu và thực hiện những giải pháp phù hợp.
6. Phó thông đốc ngân hàng nhà nước nhận xét rằng ngành ngân hàng sẽ
không đạt được mục tiêu tăng trưởng tín dụng là 12% trong năm nay cái mà
đã được đạt ra hồi đầu năm. Tuy nhiên, các cơ quan và ngân hàng liên quan
phải tuân thủ và thực hiện ngay và nghiêm túc qui định mới này.

48
 BÀI 9 - LÀM VIỆC NHÓM
1.Làm việc nhóm là 1 khái niệm lạ được giới thiệu đến các doanh nghiệp
Việt Nam trong những năm 1900s. Nó đã được sử dụng rộng rải để quản lí
và điều hành công ty 1 cách trơn tru và hiệu quả.
2. Nhiều tổ chức phi lợi nhuận thường xuyên tổ chức các khóa học xây dựng
đội nhóm cho nhân viên toàn thời gian để quản lí hiệu quả hơn nguồn nhân
lực của mình và tận dụng triệt để nguồn tài nguyên của công ty để đạt kết
quả tốt nhất.
3. Các khóa học bao gồm những hoạt động theo nhóm hữu ích ở ngoài trời
và trong nhà mà thông qua đó các nhân viên phải hợp tác chặt chẽ với nhau
để hướng đến mục tiêu chung của tổ chức.

4. Nó yêu cầu nhân viên phài có khả năng thích ứng với môi trường làm việc
mới để đạt được kết quả làm việc tốt nhất. Các nhân viên chuyên nghiệp
phải có khả năng rút ra những bài học thực tiễn từ những sai lầm và thất bại
nghiêm trọng để nâng cao năng lực .
5. Trong bối cảnh kinh tế khó khăn, nhà tuyển dụng đòi hỏi nhân viên phải
có khả năng hoàn thành nhiệm vụ được giao dưới sức ép lớn và thời gian
ngắn.
6. Khi công ty đối mặt với nhiều khó khăn, họ phải đưa ra những giải pháp
sáng tạo và đưa ra các quyết định chiến lược để giúp công ty vượt qua khó
khăn.Bên cạnh đó, họ phải có khả năng tận dụng tốt nguồn lực sẵn có của
công ty để đưa công ty đạt đến giai đoạn phát triển thành công mới.

49
 BÀI 10 - NÔNG NGHIỆP
1.Việc sản xuất lúa gạo ở Việt Nam được dự đoán giảm mạnh năm tới khi
phần lớn nông dân lên kế hoạch chuyển sang trồng các vụ mùa nhiều lợi
nhuận hơn.
2. Theo 1 báo cáo gần đây của Bộ nông nghiệp và phát triển nông thôn, các
thảm họa thiên nhiên liên tục tác động nghiêm trọng đến năng suất vụ mùa,
làm giảm sản lượng thu hoạch vì vậy mà thu nhập khu vực nông thôn không
đủ cho nông dân đáp ứng những nhu cầu thiết yếu nhất của họ.
3. Ngoài ra, chi phí sản xuất đầu vào tăng cao nhưng giá gạo xuất khẩu giảm
mạnh trong bối cảnh cạnh tranh gay gắt. Chính phủ thất bại để hỗ trợ cho
người nông dân tăng diện tích trồng lúa để mở rộng sản xuất.

4. Việt Nam đã duy trì là nước xuất khẩu gạo lớn thứ 2 trên thế giới trong
nhiều năm qua. Cùng với Ấn Độ, Thái Lan thì 3 quốc gia này chiếm 3/4 tổng
sản lượng xuất khẩu toàn thế giới. Sự sụt giảm mạnh của xuất khẩu gạo sẽ
gây tổn hại đến các quốc gia láng giềng và có khuynh hướng có lợi cho các
đối thủ xuất khẩu gạo khác.
5. Việt Nam có nhiều thế mạnh về nông nghiệp, đặc biệt là trồng cây lúa
nước như là điều kiện thời tiết thuận lợi và mạng lưới sông ngòi dày đặc
nhưng chưa tận dụng được hết tiềm năng to lớn để trở thành 1 quốc gia nông
nghiệp hiện đại bền vững.
6. Chính phủ đã yêu cầu các cơ quan nông nghiệp nghiên cứu và chuyển
giao những kĩ thuật hiện đại cho người nông dân để công nghiệp hóa nền
nông nghiệp lạc hậu và khuyến khích nông dân đầu tư vào trồng trọt và chăn
nuôi với qui mô lớn để tiết kiệm chi phí đầu vào và tăng sản lượng thu hoạnh
.

50