QUARTER III REVIEWER 3.

The letters of the ROME taken r at a time can be

written in __________________.
I. ILLUSTRATES THE PERMUTATION OF n!
P ( n , r )=
OBJECTS. ( n−r ) !
4!
1. P (n, r) is the symbol used to denote the number of P ( 4 , 4) =
( 4−4 ) !
permutations of r elements selected from a set of n 4!
elements. P (4 , 4)=
0!
2. CIRCULAR PERMUTATION is a special case of 24
permutation where the arrangement of things is in a P ( 4 , 4) =
1
circular pattern. P ( 4 , 4 ) =24
Examples:
4. How many four-digit numbers can be formed from the
3. Using digits 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9, how many 3-digit whole
digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (Repetition of digits not
numbers can be formed if repetitions are not
allowed)?
permitted?
n!
n! P ( n , r )=
P ( n , r )= ( n−r ) !
( n−r ) !
6!
5! P ( 6 , 4 )=
P ( 5 ,3 )= ( 6−4 ) !
(5−3 ) !
4!
5! P ( 6 , 4 )=
P ( 5 ,3 )= 2!
(2) ! 720
120 P ( 6 , 4 )=
P ( 5 ,3 )= 2
2
P ( 6 , 4 )=360
P ( 5 ,3 )=60
5. The number of different permutations of the word
4. The letters of the word “LIFE” taken r at a time can be BANANA is _____. (Distinguishable Permutation)
written in ____ ways. n!
n! P=
P ( n , r )= a!b! c!
( n−r ) ! 6!
4! P=
P ( 4 , 4) = 3!2!
( 4−4 ) ! 720
4! P=
P ( 4 , 4) = 12
0! P=60
24 6. In how many ways can a president and vice-
P ( 4 , 4) =
1 president be chosen from a club with 12 members?
P ( 4 , 4 ) =24 n!
P ( n , r )=
( n−r ) !
II. SOLVES PROBLEMS INVOLVING 12!
PERMUTATIONS P ( 12 ,2 )=
( 12−2 ) !
12 !
Examples: P ( 4 , 4) =
10 !
1. How many 4-letter words with or without meaning,
P ( 4 , 4 ) =132
can be formed out of the letters of the word,
7. Given the 4- letter word JOIE, in how many ways can
'LOGARITHMS', if repetition of letters is not allowed?
n! we arrange its letters taken 2 at a time?
P ( n , r )= n!
( n−r ) ! P ( n , r )=
( n−r ) !
10!
P ( 10 , 4 )= 4!
( 10−4 ) ! P ( 4 ,2 ) =
( 4−2 ) !
10 !
P ( 10 , 4 )= 4!
6! P ( 4 ,2 ) =
3628800 2!
P ( 10 , 4 )= 24
720 P ( 4 ,2 ) =
2
P ( 10 , 4 )=5040
P ( 4 ,2 ) =12
2. Seven lamps of different colors are to be placed
consecutively around a circular water fountain. In
III. ILLUSTRATES THE COMBINATION OF
how many ways can this be done?
OBJECTS.
P= ( n−1 ) !
P= (7−1 ) !
1. Combination is the way of selecting items from
P=6! collection, such that the order of selection does not
P=720 matter.
2. Choosing a subset of a set is an example of 12 C 2=66
COMBINATION.
3. The combination of n elements taken r at a time is
n!
nCr= .
r ! ( n−r ) !
4. DRAWING NAMES FROM A BOX CONTAINING 100 VI. ILLUSTRATES EVENTS, AND UNION AND
NAMES illustrates a combination. INTERSECTION OF EVENTS.
5. ASSIGNING TELEPHONE NUMBERS TO HOMES
does NOT illustrate combination. 1. SAMPLE SPACE the set of all possible outcomes of
EXAMPLES: an experiment.
1. How many combinations of the letters RNHS taken 2. EVENT is the subset of all possible outcomes of an
two at a time are possible? experiment.
n! 3. EVENT is the subset of the sample space.
nCr= 4. SIMPLE EVENT -an event with a single outcome.
r ! ( n−r ) !
4! 5. COMPOUND EVENT -an event that has more than
4 C 2= one possible outcome.
2 ! ( 4−2 ) !
4! 6. 𝑨∩𝑩 - is the symbol of the intersection of A and B.
4 C 2= 7. Union of two events A and B- ALL OUTCOMES THAT
2 ! 2!
BELONG TO A OR B OR BOTH.
24
4 C 2=
4 VII. ILLUSTRATES THE PROBABILITY OF A UNION
4 C 2=6 OF TWO EVENTS.
2. A committee of 9 is to be chosen from 12 juniors.
Find the number of choices. 1. PROBABILITY is a mathematics of chance. It tells us
n!
nCr= about the relative frequency with which we can
r ! ( n−r ) ! expect an event to occur.
12! 2. The General Addition Rule is used to determine the
12 C 9=
9 ! ( 12−9 ) ! probability of either event A or event B occurring and
12! states
12 C 9=
9!3!
P ( A∨B ) =P ( A )+ P ( B )−P ( A∧B ) . P ( A∧B ) subtracted
4 C 2=220
because P ( A∧B ) HAS BEEN COUNTED TWICE
IV. DIFFERENTIATES PERMUTATION FROM THROUGH P(A) AND P(B).
COMBINATION OF N OBJECTS TAKEN R AT A
TIME. VIII. FINDS THE PROBABILITY OF (AUB).

1. If X is the number of ways of selecting from a set EXAMPLES:

when the order is not important and Y refers to the
different possible arrangements of a set of objects, 1. The table below provides information about the
what is X and Y? COMBINATION; PERMUTATION students in an accounting class:
2. The keyword SELECT does NOT illustrate
combination.
3. ASSIGNING TELEPHONE NUMBERS TO
SUBSCRIBERS illustrates permutation.

V. SOLVES PROBLEMS INVOLVING

PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS. A student is randomly selected from the class. Determine
the probability that the student is a female if it is known
1. In how many different ways can 9 people be seated that the student is a senior.
at a round table?
P= ( n−1 ) ! n(E)
P ( E )=
P= ( 9−1 ) ! n(S)
P=8! 27
P ( E )=
P=40320 51
2. From a list of 12 books, how many groups of 2 books P ( E )=0.118
can be selected? (Combination) 2. A group of students took a test. The grades and
n! gender are summarized below. If one student is
nCr=
r ! ( n−r ) ! chosen at random, find the probability that the
12! student was female or got a C.
12 C 2=
2! ( 12−2 ) !
12 !
12 C 2=
2! 10!
 P ( A∨B ) =P ( A )+ P ( B )
1 1
P ( A∨B ) = +
10 10
P ( A∨B ) =P ( A )+ P ( B )−P ( A∧B ) . 2
25 12 9 P ( A∨B ) =
P ( A∨B ) = + − 10
65 65 65 1
37 9 P ( A∨B ) =
P ( A∨B ) = − 5
65 65
28
P ( A∨B ) =
65
P ( A∨B ) =0.4308
3. Given S= {1,2,3,4.5,6,7,8}. A number is taken at
random. Find the probability of getting an even
number or a number less than 5.
Even number: {2,4,6,8}
Less than 5: {1,2,3,4}
(A and B): {2,4}

P ( A∨B ) =P ( A )+ P ( B )−P ( A∧B ) .

4 4 2
P ( A∨B ) = + −
8 8 8
8 2
P ( A∨B ) = −
8 8
6 3
P ( A∨B ) = or
8 4

IX. ILLUSTRATES MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE

EVENTS.

1. DISJOINT EVENTS is the other term for mutually

exclusive events.
2. Two events A & B are said to be DISJOINT EVENTS,
if P∩Q= ∅, that is A & B have no common elements.

X. SOLVES PROBLEMS INVOLVING

PROBABILITY.
Examples:
1. In a drop box, 100 balls are numbered 1 to 100. If a
ball is randomly picked from the box, what is the
probability that it is divisible by 5 or by 3?
(Divisible by 5) A:
{5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,9
5,100}= 20
(Divisible by 3)B:
{3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,
60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99}=33
(A and B): {15,30,45,60,75,90}=6

P ( A∨B ) =P ( A )+ P ( B )−P ( A∧B ) .

20 33 6
P ( A∨B ) = + −
100 100 100
53 6
P ( A∨B ) = −
100 100
47
P ( A∨B ) =
100
2. A machine generates a two-digit number randomly.
What is the probability that the number generated
from 45 to 62?