ABSTRACT

The aim of the project is to design and fabrication of the automatic lifting
machine .It is a modified form of conventional lifting machine that helps to lift
the load using zig zag frame. Lifting machine is a mechanical device used to
raise or otherwise exert a force on an object too heavy to deal with by hand. A
common example is the automobile jack, which is used to elevate the end of a
car by a system of ratchets, gears, and screws.

Lifting jacks are used for leveling or positioning heavy equipment, or for
supporting structures. Common types of lifting jacks include bottle, inflatable,
pallet, ratchet, zig zag, screw, service or floor, toe, and transmission. In our
project the manual operated lifting machine is converted into automatically by
means of an pneumatic cylinder. When the force is given to pneumatic cylinder
which gives reciprocative motion and lift the zig zag frame. So by this
mechanism a heavy load can be lifted. This project has a high advantage of
lifting heavy loads and it is applicable to all conditions and places

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO NO
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2
1.1.1Pneumatics 2
1.1.2 Pneumatics and other studies 2
1.1.3 Gases used in pneumatic systems 3
1.2 ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATICS 4
1.3 JEAN LOUIS MARIE POISEUILLE 5
1.4 PNEUMATIC FLUID 6
1.5 FUNCTIONS AND PROPERTIES 7

1.6 NEED FOR AUTOMATION 8

2 NEED FOR PNEUMATIC SYSTEM 10

2.1 PNEUMATIC SYSTEM 11
2.2 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF 11
PNEUMATIC POWER
2.3 FAMILIARITY OF PNEUMATIC 13
PRINCIPLES
3 COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION 14
3.1 SINGLE ACTING PNEUMATIC CYLINDER 15

3.1.1 Pneumatic cylinder 16

3.1.2 Operation 17

3.1.3 Types 18

3.1.4 Single-acting cylinder 18

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 3.1.5 Double-acting cylinders 18

3.1.6 Multi-stage, telescoping cylinders 18

3.1.7 Other types 19

3.1.8 Pneumatic cylinder force 20

3.1.9 In stroke and Outstroke 20

3.1.10 Outstroke 21
3.1.11 Instroke 21

3.1.12 Helical spring 22

4 SPECIFICATION 24
4.1 Single Acting Pneumatic Cylinder 4.2 25

5 BLOCK DIAGRAM 26
6 28
WORKING PRINCIPLE
29
6.1 PRINCIPLE

6.2 WORKING OPERATION 29

6.2.1 PNEUMATIC JACK 29

7 CALCULATION 30
7.1 ZIG ZAG LIFT 31
8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 32
8.1 ADVANTAGES 33
8.2 DISADVANTAGES 34
9 COST ESTIMATION 36
10 APPLICATIONS 38
11 CONCLUSION 40

REFERENCES 41

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