Pronouns = Sarvanaam सर्वनाम

Means = Matalab
Noun -naam
Ek = 1 / Vachan = Number /Bahu = Many
Ek.vachan { Singular } Bahu.vachan [ Plural ]

I = Mai We = Ham

You = Tum YOU = Aap …………[ with respect]

He = Ye’ / Vo They =
She = Ye’ / Vo Ye’ {ये } / Ve’ {वे }…..[With respect]
It = Ye’ / Vo
Proximal = Ye’ { यह Yah } /// Ye’
Distal = Vo { वह Vah } /// Ve’
Bahot , bahut = Very , a lot , many , more

Ek.vachan { Singular } Bahu.vachan [ Plural ]

I am = Mai ………Hu | We are= Ham………..Hai

You are= Tum ………….Ho | YOU are= Aap …………Ho |

 [ with respect]
He is = Ye’ / Vo …………….Hai They are =
She is = Ye’ / Vo …………….Hai Ye’………Hai / Ve’ ……….Hai |
It is = Ye’ / Vo ……………..Hai Ye’ {ये } / Ve’ {वे }
I am going [ to the office ] + with Jeff

She is a girl {ladaki } = Ye’ ladaki hai / vo ladaki hai |

She is a good girl = Ye’ achhi ladaki hai | / vo achhi ladaki hai |

He is Jeff = ye’ Jeff hai [ hei ] / Vo Jeff hai |

He is a boy { ladakaa } = ye’ ladakaa hei / Vo ladakaa hai
He is a good boy = Ye’ achha ladakaa hai |
Good =
Achhaa = Masc.Singular
Achhi = Fem . – Sing./ plural/ with respect
Achhe = Masc.Plural / Grammatical reln.*

You are Hannah = Tum Hannah ho

Are you Hannah ? = kyaa Tum Hannah ho ? /
Tum Hannah ho kyaa ?
Are you a teacher ? = Kyaa Aap Adhyaa.pak ho ?
Teacher = Adhyaa.pikaa { Female teacher }
Hannah , Are you teacher ? = Hannah , Kyaa aap Adhyaa.pikaa ho ?
= yes = Haa
= No = nahi

I am Jeff = mai Jeff Hu |

I am a teacher { Adhyaa.pak } = Mai adhyaa.pak Hu|
I am a student { Chhaatra / Vidyaarthi } = Mai chhaatra hu |
I = Mai
My = Meraa , meri , mere
You are= Tum ………….Ho | YOU are= Aap …………Ho |
[ with respect]
How are you ?
How = Kaise’ [ male ] , Kaisi [ female ]
Hannah , How are you ? = Hannah , Tum kaisi ho ?
Hannah and Anna , How are you ? = Hannah aur Anna , aap kaisi ho ?

Florian , How are you ?= Florian , Tum kaise’ ho ?

Florian and Jeff ,how are you ? = Florian aur Jeff , Aap kaise’ Ho ?
And = aur
 Sir , How are you ? = Sir , Aap kaise’ ho ?
 Madam , How are you ? = Madam , Aap kaisi ho ?
= I am good =Mai achha hu |
I am great = mai bahot badhiyaa hu |
Great = bahot badhiyaa
I am fine { thik } = mai thik hu |
 Mai maje’ me’ hu | …………[ majaa / maje’ = fun / me’ – in ]
 Kitaab = Kitaabe’
Ladakaa = Ladake’
Ladaki = ladakiyaa
Ek.vachan { Singular } Bahu.vachan [ Plural ]

I am = Mai ……rahaa Hu |{male } We are= Ham………..rahe’ Hai

You are= Tum …………+ Rahe’ Ho YOU are= Aap …………Rahe’ Ho |

Tum ……Rahi ho | [ with respect]
Aap ………….. rahi ho |
He is = Ye’ / Vo …………rahaa Hai They are =
She is = Ye’ / Vo …………rahi Hai Ye’………Rahe’ Hai,Ve’ ……….rahe’ Hai{masc.
It is = Ye’ / Vo ……………..Hai* }
Ye / ve’ …………rahi hai { fem.}
Ye’ {ये } / Ve’ {वे }

To go = Jaanaa |
I am going to Mumbai by train = Mai rel-se’ Mumbai Jaa rahaa Hu |
By train = rel-se’ {relve’}
To drink = pinaa
I am drinking water { paani } = mai paani pi rahaa hu |
I am drinking juice { sharbat } = mai SHarbat pi rahaa hu |
I am drinking tea { chaay } = Mai chaay pi rahaa hu |
To eat { lunch ,dinner } = khaanaa khaanaa|
[ khaanaa – food ]
Sara, Tum khaanaa khaa rahi ho kyaa ?
I having a lunch/Dinner = Mai Khaanaa khaa rahaa hu |

To speak / talk =Bolanaa |

They are talking loudly{Jor-se’ } = Ve’ Jor-se bol rahe’ hai |
She is talking slowly {Dhire’-Dhire’ } = Vo Dhire-Dhire bol rahi hai |
He is talking with friend {dost, mitra } = Vo dost-ke-saath bol rahaa hai |
I am talking – mai bol rahaa hu |
I am talking with my mother{ maa } = Mai meri maa-ke –saath bol rahaa hu
|
I am talking to{with} my wife = Mai meri patni-ke-saath bol rahaa hu |
My{f.} = meri / wife = Patni / bivi

I am talking with Hannah – Mai Hannah-ke-saath bol rahaa hu|

With - …..ke’ saath [ With Hannah –Hannah-ke’saath ]
You are speaking Hindi = Tum Hindi bol rahe’ ho |
I am speaking = Mai bol rahaa hu |
I am speaking French = Mai French bol rahaa hu |
To go = Jaanaa |
Rachel , Are you going home?- Rachel , Tum ghar-ko jaa rahi ho kyaa ?
I am going home { ghar} = Mai ghar –ko jaa rahaa hu |
I am going to the shop {dukaan } = Mai dukaan-ko jaa rahaa hu |
I am going to the office { daftar } – Mai daftar-ko jaa rahaa hu |
I am going to the market { bajaar } = mai bajaar-ko jaa rahaa hu |
{ to{ko } the market = bajaar-ko }
I am going = Mai jaa rahaa hu|
You are going = Tum jaa rahe’ ho |
Are you going ? = kyaa Tum jaa rahe’ ho?/ Tum jaa rahe’ ho kyaa? / Aap jaa
rahe’ ho kyaa ? *

going – Jaa + Rahaa /Rahi / Rahe’ +Hu,Hai,Ho ]

Rahaa – Masc.Singular
Rahi – Feminine { sing./ plural / with respect }
Rahe’ – Masc.Plural {with respect } *

To eat = Khaanaa |
To speak / talk = Bolanaa |

I am going. – Mai
====================

Sastaa , sasti , saste’ = cheaper

Kam – less
So sakate hai = can sleep
Ghumanaa = travel , lekin – but , paise’ – money
Guest = mehmaan मेहमान , means – matalab
To come – Aanaa |
Sing. – AaO / Plural ,with respect -1* - Aayiye *
Hannah , come =Hannah , AaO.
Hannah , come in {andar} = Hannah , andar aao .
Hannah and Rachel , come- Hannah aur Rachel , aayiye’
And = aur
Grandfather = daadaaji , aayiye’.*
Chal / chalo = let’s go.
Chalana = To walk
To sit = baithanaa
Sing.= Baitho / Plural = Baithiye’
Hannah , Sit = Hannah Baitho .
Hannah ,Sit here {yahaa } = Hannah , yahaa baitho .
Hannah , Sit on the chair = Hannah , Kursi-par baitho |
Chair – kursi { On the chair – kursi-par }

Sir , Sit = sir , Baithiye .

Tea or coffee ? – Chaay Yaa coffee ? / chaay chaahiye yaa coffee ?
Chaahiye = want
= Chaay chaahiye |
Little sugar – thodi shakkar { chini }
To take = Lenaa [ lo / lijiye’ ]
Take a tea = Chaay Lo [ Le’ lo. ]
Naashtaa lo – take breakfast
Sir , Take a tea = sir , chaay lijiye’ .
To eat = Khaanaa [ khaao/ khaayiye ]
Eat biscuit = Biscuit khaao .
Eat fruits {fal } = fal khaao .
Chapaati – roti
To rest = aaraam karanaa[ aaraam karo / aaraam kijiye]
To speak / talk = bolanaa [ Bolo / boliye ]
To see = Dekhanaa [ Dekho / dekhiye ‘ ]
Hannah , Film dekho |
Sir , ghar dekho |
River = nadi = nadiyaa , sea – samandar , samudra /
mountain – pahaad
Bade bade pahaad = big mountains
Jangal – forest , ped – tree, trees / panchhi, pakshi- birds
Sundar – beautiful
Bangalaa – bungalow / air – havaa , pavan
Panchhi , nadiyaa , pavan-ke zonke { breeze of air }
Koi sarahad –naa inhe roke ‘
Koi – any , sarahad = boundary , inhe – to them / Roke – stop
Sarahade’ insaano-ke liye hai
{ boundaries are made for humans }
Insaan – human being / …ke liye – for
Socho Tumane aur maine ,
kyaa paayaa , insaan hoke |
Socho – think ,[ Tumane – you , maine – I ……….past ]
Kyaa – what / paayaa – achieved , got , insaan – human ,
hoke – being

I – mai You – tum YOU – Aap

My - Your - YOUR -
Masc.sing. Meraa Tumhaaraa Aapakaa
Fem. –Sing, Meri Tumhari Aapaki
pl/respect

Masc.plural / Mere’ Tumhaare’ Aapake’

Respect /

Grammatical reln
Male – Mere’ Tumhaare Aapake
Fem. – Meri Tumhaari Aapaki

What are you doing? = Tum Kyaa kar rahi ho ?

I am teaching Hindi – Mai Hindi Sikhaa rahaa hu |
To teach = sikhaa.naa
I am learning Hindi = Mai Hindi Sikh rahaa hu |
TO learn = Sikh.naa
[ to do =karanaa / doing – kar rahaa , rahi , rahe’ ]
Work = kaam karanaa
Meraa bhaai kaam kar rahaa hai |
Tumhaaraa bhaai kaam kar rahaa hai |

Hoshiyaar – clever, smart [beti] / sundar = beautiful

Grammatical reln =
‘s / …of =
‘s =
Kaa – masc.sing. = Jeff’s son = Jeff kaa betaa
Ki – fem . = Jeff’s daughter = Jeff ki beti
 Ke’ – Masc. plural/respect/GR.*- ‘s more than once / fem= ki*
= Jeff’s father { pitaaji } = Jeff ke’ pitaaji [ respect ]
= Jeff’ friends {dost } = Jeff ke’ dost [ masc.plural ]

President of India = Bhaarat ki Raashtra.pati

Raashtra- nation / pati – main person
Chij , chije= things , stuff , talks , point

Your brother = Tumhaaraa bhaai / Aap.kaa bhaai

Your sister = Tumhaari behen /Aapaki behen
Your wife = Tumhaari patni / aapaki patni
Your friends { dost } = Tumhaare’ dost /Aapake’ dost
What is your sister doing ? – Tumhaari behen kyaa kar rahi hai?
What is your daughter{ beti } doing ? – Tumhaari beti kyaa kar rahi hai ? /
Aapaki beti kyaa kar rahi hai ?
- My daughter is studying { padh rahi } = meri beti padh rahi hai |
# Aapaki patni kyaa kar rahi hai ?
- Meri patni padh rahi hai | , meri patni yoga kar rahi hai |
# Aapaki maa kyaa kar rahi hai ?
- Meri maa yoga kar rahi hai |
- Gardening = baagkaam , bagicha-me kaam
= Meri maa bag.kaam kar rahi hai /Meri ma bagicha-me –kaam kar rahi hai |
# Aapakaa betaa kyaa kar rahaa hai ?
= meraa betaa Movie dekh rahaa hai |
Movie dekh rahaa { watching }
# My son is sound technician
= Meraa betaa sound technician hai |

What – kyaa
Where{kahaa } is your brother ? = Tumhaaraa bhaai kahaa hai?
Aapakaa bhaai kahaa hai ?
My brother at home { ghar-pe’ } = Meraa bhaai ghar- pe hai |
Women = mahilaa* , stri , aurat / Man – Purush , aadami*
Bhaai/ bhaiyaa – brother / maamaa , chaachaa –ji – uncle
Mausi = Aunty * / behen – sister / didi – young girl
Auto driver = rikshaa.vaale bhaiyaa
Tea seller = chaay.vaalaa
My brother{ bhaai } – meraa bhaai
My wife = Meri Patni / meri bivi
My sister { behen } = Meri behen
My 2 sisters { behene’ } = meri do behene’
My mother { Maa / maataaji } = Meri maataaji
My 2 brothers = Mere’ do bhaai
2 - do / bahot aasaan = very easy
 Ek bharat = one India
Anek sanskruti = multiple culture
My son {betaa} is listening a story = Meraa beta kahaani sun rahaa hai |
My daughter{beti } is listening a story = Meri beti kahaani sun rahi hai |
Listening – sun rahaa /rahi / rahe’
My mother is telling a story = Meri maa kahaani bataa rahi hai|
Telling = bataa rahi / story – kahaani
My sister is coming { aa rahi } – meri behen aa rahi hai |
My wife is cooking { khaanaa banaa rahi } – meri patni khaanaa banaa rahi
hai |
My brother is going to office{ daftar } = Meraa bhaai daftar jaa rahaa hai |
# Introduction = Pehchaan
Aapaki pehchaan bataayiye’ . [Introduce yourself ]
Naam – Meraa naam Jeff hai |
Shikshaa , padhaai – education
- Maine Masters in law kiyaa hai
maine – done by / law – kaanun , kaayadaa
- Kiyaa hai – done / History – Itihaas
# I live in Canada [ live – Rehataa ….simple present tense ]
- Mai Canada –me rehataa hu |
# Parivaar-ke baare me = about family
- There are 5 members in my family
Mere’ parivaar-me 5 sadasya hai |
 Meri patni , meri beti , meri maa , mere’ pitaaji ,
Meraa betaa{son } aur mai .
# I am teacher { adhyaa.pak , shikshak } = mai shikshak hu |
Kyaa – what ?
# Thank you ! – Dhanyavaad , shukriyaa !
Jeff = Namaste Rahul
Rahul – Namaste , aap kaise ho ?
Jeff = Mai achha hu | Aap kaise ho ?
Rahul = mai bahot badhiyaa hu|
Jeff = Rahul , Andar aayiye aur baithiye’ .
Rahul = Aapakaa Dhanyvaad .
Jeff = Rahul chaay chaahiye yaa coffee ?
Rahul = Muze {to me} chaay chaahiye |
Jeff = chaay lijiye’.
Rahul =Aap bhi lijiye’ [ bhi – also , too ]
Jeff = Biscuit chaahiye kyaa ?
Rahul = Nahi chaahiye.
Jeff = Rahul , khaanaa khaayiye’ . Chapaati-sabji khaayiye’ .
Rahul = Ji haa , sabji bahot mast hai |
Jeff = Paan chaahiye kyaa ?
Rahul = Jarur { sure! }
Jeff = paan lijiye’ / Mithaai lijiye’ { mithaai- sweet }
Rahul = What is your daughter doing ?
 Aapaki beti kyaa kar rahi hai ?
Jeff = Meri beti padh rahi hai
Study – padhanaa [studying =padh rahi ]
# Aapaki beti kyaa kar rahi hai ?
Rahul – Meri beti naukari{job} kar rahi hai |
Aapake’ maataa-pitaa kaise hai ?
Jeff = Mere’ maataa-pitaa achhe’ hai |
Rahul = Aap kyaa kar rahe’ ho ?
Jeff = Mai French shikshak hu |
Rahul = Nice to meet you !
Aapase’ milkar achha lagaa !
Milakar = after meeting / laga – felt
Jeff = Me too - muze bhi.
Rahul = Khayaal rakhanaa [ take care]
Jeff = Aap bhi khayaal rakhanaa !
Thoda thodaa = little bit
Thodaa thoda hindi boliye.
#
My name is Jeff = Meraa naam jeff hai |
My wife’s name is …= Meri patni-kaa naam Sara hai |
Naam = masc.= Kaa
My daughter’s name ..= Meri beti kaa Lumna hai |
My family is a small family = Meraa parivaar chhotaa hai
Family = parivaar {masc.} / small = chhotaa*
My house is big – meraa ghar badaa hai
My house is beautiful { sundar } = meraa ghar sundar hai |
My friends are coming = mere dost aa-rahe’ hai
To come – aanaa [ coming – aa-rahaa, rahi , rahe’]
My friends are coming to my home = Mere dost mere ghar aa rahe hai |
My friends are going to party = mere dost party-ko jaa rahe hai |
My relatives are coming = mere rishte-daar aa rahe hai |
Relatives = rishtedaar
# your – Tumhaaraa, tumhaari , tumhaare/ aapakaa , aapaki , aapake
1. Aapakaa ghar sundar hai kyaa ? – haa
2. Aapako beti hai kyaa ? = nahi , muze bachhe{kids} nahi .
3. Aapakaa naam kyaa hai ? = meraa naam Hannah hai |
What = kyaa [ middle ]
4. Aapako behen hai kyaa ? = Haa , muze behen hai { I have a sister .}
Muze 1 behen hai . Vo Naukari{job} kar rahi hai.

5. Aapakaa pasandidaa rang kaunasaa{which } hai ?

= meraa pasandidaa rang safed{white} hai |
 Green – haraa

6. Aapakaa pasandidaa movie kaunasaa hai ?

= koi nahi { nothing/ no one }

Pasandidaa ful = sab {all }

Mogra / sugand = fragrance

Gendaa = marigold / maalaa = garland

Garland or marigold = gende-ki maalaa
Sandalwood = chandan

His name is Mukesh = usakaa naam Mukesh hai |

His wife is housewife { grihini} – usaki patni grihini hai |
His daughter is student = usaki beti chhatraa{vidyaarthini} hai
His family is small{ chhotaa } = usakaa parivaar chhotaa hai |
He is very kind and honest = vo dayaalu aur imaan.daar hai |
Kind – dayaalu / honest – imaan.daar
He is working = vo kaam kar rahaa hei .
She is my sister = vo meri behen hai
She is very kind and beautiful = vo dayaalu aur sundar hai
Her name is …. = usakaa naam Stefani hai |
She is married { shaadi-shudaa ] = Vo shaadi.shudaa hai
Her husband is good person { insaan } = usakaa pati achha insaan hai |
Husband –pati
Usaki ek beti aur ek beta hai |
We are friends = ham dost hai |
Our one friends is going to party = hamaaraa ek dost Party-ko jaa rahaa hai
Our friends are crazy { paagal } = hamaare’ dost paagal hai |
Our family is living in New York = Hamaaraa parivaar New York-me reh
rahaa hai |
### Hamaaraa parivaar new York rehataa hai |
To live = rehenaa { living – reh-rahaa , rahi , rahe ]

My father’s name is Ashok = Mere’ pitaaji- kaa naam Ashok hai|

My brother’s friend is doctor = Mere bhaai –kaa dost doctor hai |
My friend’s father is coming to India = Mere dost-ke pitaaji Bhaarat aa rahe
hai |
India = Bhaarat
He , she – Ye/Vo We = ham They = ye / ve’

His , her Our Their

Masc.Sing. Isakaa/ Usakaa Hamaaraa Inakaa/ unakaa
Fem- Isaki / Usaki Hamaari Inaki / unaki
Grammatical Reln.
Masc. plural/respect / Isake’ / Usake’ Hamaare’ Inake / unake
Grammatical reln –
masc.
Kids = bachhe’

Our brother is hardworking { mehnati } = Hamaaraa bhaai mehnati hai |

Our house is big and beautiful = hamaaraa ghar badaa aur sundar hai |
Our family is big = hamaaraa parivaar badaa hai |
Big = badaa , badi , bade
Our family is small = hamaaraa parivaar chhotaa hai |
Family = parivaar / small – chhotaa , chhoti , chhote
we are friends = ham dost hai |
we are good friends = ham achhe dost hai

# She is My wife . = Ye meri patni hai |

Her age is … = isaki umra ….saal hai |
Years = saal
Age = umra/ umar …fem }
- Her name is sarah = isakaa naam sarah hai |
Her friend’s name is …= isake’ saheli- kaa naam Anitaa hai |
Saheli = female friend

- She is very beautiful = ye bahot sundar hai |

She is kind { dayaalu } = ye dayaalu hai |
She is honest { imaan.daar } = Ye imaan.daar hai
# He is Leo.= ye leo hai .
His friend’s name is ..= isake’ dost kaa naam Rahul hai |
His grandmother is telling story { kahaani }
= Usaki Daadiji kahaani bataa rahi hai |
To tell = Bataanaa |
His sister is studying –Isaki/ Usaki behen padh rahi hai |
To study = padhanaa
His mother is cooking = Usaki maa khaanaa banaa rahi hai
To cook = khaanaa banaanaa | ….khaanaa – food / banaanaa – to make
His sister’s name is Lumna =Usaki behen kaa naam Lumna hai |
His mother’s name is Sarah = Usaki maa-kaa naam sarah hai |
His name is Leo. = Usakaa naam Leo hai .
Naam – masc.
His father’s name is Jeff= usake pitaaji kaa naam Jeff hai |

Ye ladakaa hai = He is a boy

Ye ladaki hai = She is a girl .

# aap kyaa kar rahe’ the {was}?

- Mai gardening kar rahaa thaa | { I was gardening }
- Mai Marathi Class kar rahi thi { fem.}
= Thaa , thi ,the= was , were
Ice = barf

# simple past tense =

Past form of the verb = …aa,ii , e’ / yaa, yi , ye
To go = Jaanaa Went –
Gayaa – masc.Sing.
Gayi = fem – sing / plural
Gaye = masc. plural / with respect to one person

I went= mai gayaa |

I went to temple { mandir } = Mai mandir gayaa|
My daughter went to school = Meri beti paath.shaalaa
gayi |
My son went out { baahar } = Meraa betaa baahar gayaa |
Meri patni beauty parlor gayi |
My friends went for party =mere’ dost party ke liye gaye|
Mahfil = party *
To come – aanaa Came = aayaa, aayi, aaye’ { regular verb }
I came home = mai ghar aayaa |
I came home with my wife =mai meri patni-ke saath ghar
aayaa |
Did you come to USA? = kyaa Aap USA aayi ?
China = chiin
Turki /Amarikaa / nepaal
To watch/see = Dekhaa, dekhi , dekhe’
dekhanaa Kyaa aapane haathi dekhaa ?
Kyaa aapane’ keralaa story dekhi ? – nahi
 I You YOU We – ham He, she , it They –
ye,ve
maine Tumane Aapane’ Hamne’ Isane/ Inhone’
Usane’ Unhone’
To work = kaam karanaa |
Past = kaam kiyaa |
Aapane’ aaj kaam kiyaa kyaa?
- Haa , maine aaj kaam kiyaa |
I worked = Maine’ kaam kiyaa |
I worked today { aaj } = Maine aaj kaam kiyaa / Aaj maine kaam kiyaa |

Did he/ she eat ? = Usane’ khaanaa khaayaa kyaa ?

Did they eat? = inhone khaanaa khaayaa kyaa ?

Baarish, barsaat , saavan = rain

Monsoon = baarish ke din / saavan*
To eat = khaanaa
Ate = khaayaa / khaayi / khaayi { object ….Number and Gender }
Did you eat ?/ Have you had food ? = Kyaa Tumane’ khaanaa khaayaa ?
Kyaa aapane’ khaanaa khaayaa ?
Food = khaanaa
- Maine daal khaayi { daal = fem}
- Maine cake khaayaa |
- Maine paalak paneer khaayaa |
- Maine Ice-cream khaayi | , maine kulfi khaayi |

He/ She ate mango = Isane aam khaayaa { proximal }

Usane aam khaayaa ….{ distal }

Yesterday = kal { past

Today = aaj
Tomorrow = kal { future }

Vaar , din = day

Sunday = Ravi.vaar { It.vaar }
Monday = Som.vaar
Tuesday = Mangal.vaar { mars }
Wednesday = Budh.vaar [ mercury }
Thursday = Guru.vaar
Friday = Shukra.vaar { venus }
Saturday = shani.vaar { Saturn }
Outside = baahar
Dusare’ kutton-ke dosto = with other dogs
#Simple Past tense = ….+ aa, ii,e’ / Yaa, yi,ye’
To go =jaanaa Went = Gayaa , gayi , gaye’
I went to the market = Mai baajaar gayaa.
My daughter went to school =
Meri beti paath.shaalaa gayi .
My son went with friends = Meraa beta dost-ke-saath
gayaa.
I went to office yesterday = Mai kal office gayaa.
She went to India = Vo India gayi .
They went to India = ve’ India gaye’.
To speak/ Talk – Spoke/talked = Bolaa, Boli , bole’
Bolanaa , baat Baat ki …………..{baat – fem. }….same for everyone
karanaa
I talked with my relatives { ristedaar}
= Mai mere’ rishtedaar ke saath bola|
Correct = sahi !/ absolutely = ekdam

I talked = Mai bola ,Maine bolaa/ maine baat ki

To work- kaam Kaam – m.s
karanaa Worked =Kaam kiyaa.
I worked = maine’ kaam kiyaa .
Rahul worked with her = Rahul-ne’ usake’ saath kaam
kiyaa|
He worked with my friend = Usane’
mere-dost kaam kiyaa |
I worked hard = maine’ mehanat ki |
Harwork ,working hard = mehanat karanaa |
To do = karanaa Kiyaa / Ki / kiye’
What did you do yesterday ?
Kal aapane’ kyaa kiyaa ?
- Kal maine’ gharse’ kaam kiyaa | Maine’ kal Match
dekhaa.
Tarah = like
I You You We He/she They
Maine’ Tumane’ Aapane Hamane’ Isane’/usane’ Inhone/unhone’

To cook = khaanaa banaanaa / khaanaa pakaanaa

Khaanaa – food / banaanaa = to prepare, make /pakaanaa- cook
- I cooked for for m

Mat paakao = don’t bother{irritate } ………[ paakaau – irritating person ]

To cut = kaantanaa | [ past = cut =- kaantaa, kaanti , kaante’ ]

I cut onion {pyaaj } = Maine’ pyaaj kaantaa |
We cut flowers{ ful } = hamane’ ful kaante’
They cut hair { baal } =Inhone baal kaante’ |
She cut paper {kaagaj}- usane’ kaagaj kaante’
He cut clothes {kapade’ } = Isane’ kapade’ kaante’
I cut vegetables { sabjiyaa –f,s} = Maine’ sabjiyaa kaanti |
I cut fruits { fal – m,p} =Maine fal Kaante’

To eat = khaanaa khaanaa { lunch/ dinner }

 Past =ate = khaanaa khaayaa |
I had lunch, dinner {I ate }= maine’ khaanaa khaayaa |
I had lunch with my family { parivaar } = maine parivaar-ke saath khaanaa
khaayaa |
I had delicious food today {aaj } =Aaj maine’ swaadishta khaanaa khaayaa |
Delicious – swaadishta
Did you had lunch ? = aapane / tumane’ khaanaa khaayaa kyaa ?
He had lunch = Usane’ khaanaa khaayaa |
She had lunch = Usane khaanaa khaayaa |
We had lunch outside{baahar }= Hamane’ baahar khaanaa khaayaa |
They had lunch – unhone khaanaa khaayaa |

Maine’ 1 aam khaayaa = I ate 1 mango|

Maine 5 aam khaaye = I ate 5 mangos .
Tanki =
To drink = Pinaa { piyaa/ pi/ piye’ }
I drank 1 glass of juice {sharbat } Maine 1 glass sharbat piyaa |
I drank 5 glasses of juice = maine paanch glass sharabat piye|
I drank tea = Maine’ chaay Pi |
I drank water { paani-m,s}= Maine’ paani piyaa |
# Vahaa{ there } kitane’ baje ?= What is time ?
- Yahaa{here} Das 10 baje’ hai
 Kyaa aap modiji se mile? { met }
- Nahi
- Bhaashan diyaa = gave speech
- Aur unhone’ kyaa kiyaa ? – what else he did ?
First lady-ko Gift diyaa.
- Yogaa kiyaa |

= Aapako pataa hai kyaa ? – Do you know ?

Muze Pataa hai /Muze’ maalum hai /Mai Jaanataa hu = I know
Muze pataa nahi/ Muze maalum nahi/ mai nahi jaanataa = I don’t know
Aapane yoga kiyaa hai ? – Did you do yoga ?
- Ji haa , maine yoga kiyaa .
Conversation = Baatchit
# Namaste’ Jeff – ji , aap kaise ho ?
- Mai Achha hu .
Aap kyaa kar rahe’ ho ?
- Mai Hindi padh rahaa hu { learning ..}
Aap Hindi kisake saath padh rahe ho ? { with whom – kisase saath }
- Mai Hannah-ke saath Hindi padh rahaa hu |
Aapkaa naam kyaa hai ?
_Meraa naam Jeff hai .
Aap kyaa karate ho ? { what do you do?..life }
- Mai shikshak{ adhyaapak } Hu
Aap kahaa rehate ho ? { where do you stay ? }
- Mai Canada-me rehataa hu .
Aapki paath.shaalaa ghar-se kitani dur hai ?
Ghar-se = from house / Kitani = how much / dur – far
= Meri paathshaalaa ek ghantaa dur hai.
Ek ghantaa = 1 hour
I live in the village{gaav} = Mai Gaav me rehataa hu |
-mai bhi { me too }
Shikshika{adhyaapikaa} = fem. teacher
# aapne khaanaa khaayaa kyaa ? { Have you had food ? }
- Ji , haa maine khaanaa khaayaa.
# Aapane’ kal kyaa-kyaa kiyaa ? { kal – yesterday }
- Kal school gayaa . kaam kiyaa.
- Usake baad = after that
- Usake baad maine’ maalikaam kiyaa.
Shaam-ko kyaa kiyaa ? – What did you do in the evening ?
Shaam – evening
Shaam-ko movie dekhaa.
I came to India = Mai Bhaarat aayaa .
Came – aayaa , aayi , aaye’
I woke up in the morning { subah} = Mai subah uthha|
Woke up = uthaa , uthi , uthe’
After 6{chhe} = chhe-baje ke baad
I took shower = mai subah nahaayaa
Bath / take shower = nahaanaa {nahaayaa , nayaai , nahaaye}
I went to school = Mai paathshaalaa
Went – gayaa , gayi, gaye.

Parasol = day before yesterday

I taught French = Maine’ French sikhaayi .
Teach = sikhaanaa , padhaanaa
Taught = sikhaayaa , sikhaayi , sikhaaye’
You taught Hindi = aapane’ Hindi Sikhaayi.
In the afternoon , I had lunch = Dupeher-me’ , Maine’ khaanaa khaayaa.
Afternoon – dupeher
I drove to home{ghar-ko } = Maine’ ghar-ko gaadi chalaayi .
 Maine ghar – tak gaadi chalaayi.
Drive = gaadi chalaanaa / Drove = gaadi chalaayi.
Until school = school-tal { until – tak }
Until home = Ghar-tak
I worked whole day = Maine’ puraa-din kaam kiyaa.
Whole day = puraa din / worked – kaam kiyaa
Puraa chaand = whole moon
I asked questions = maine’ prashn puchhe’
Asked = puchhaa , puchhi , puchhe**/ questions – savaal , prashn
Matakaa = earthen pot
Rakhana = to keep
Dudh – milk , dahi – yogurt
Koshish kijiye = try
Aapakaa ghar sundar hai kyaa ?
- Ji haa, meraa ghar sundar hai
Aapako beti hai kyaa ?
- Nahi , muze beti / bachhe{kids} nahi hai .
 Kyaa aap adhyaapikaa ho ? = Haa mai adhyaapikaa hu .
 Kyaa tumane khaanaa khaayaa ? = Nahi , maine’ khaanaa nahi
khaayaa.
Mai Hindi class –ke baad khaanaa khaaungi{ will eat }
 Aap kyaa kar rahi ho ?
- Mai Aapake-saath{with you } Baat kar rahi hu |
Vo hamaare kutte-ko dhundh rahi hai = She is searching our dog ?
# Meri maa-ne’ abhi gaay-kaa dudh nikaalaa .
Abhi – right now , milk – dudh , gaay- cow , nikaalaa – take out
Aur ab { now } khaanaa banaa rahi hai |

# what = Kyaa { middle }

Aapaki behen-kaa naam hai ? – Meri behen kaa naam Rohini hai |

# where = kahaa

# when = kab
When you will go to mumbai next time ?
- Tum {aap } agali baar Mumbai Kab jaaogi?
Next time = agali baar { next – agalaa , agali , agle’ }
= mai agali baar Mumbai August me jaaungi .
Usane’ chaaraa khaayaa = she ate grass .
Gaay = gaaye { cows }
= Hamaare paas {we have} 3 tin badi gaaye’ hai |
Aur chaar chhoti gaaye hai |

# Chhoti gaaye’ dudh nahi deti { Small cows don’t give milk }
Do badi gaaye’ dudh deti hai { 2 big cows gives milk }
Ek badi gaay garbh.vati { pregnant } hai.
30 – tis
-Do gaaye’ tis Littre dudh deti hai .
1 kg{1000gms} = Ek kilo.
½ kg {500gms}= Aadhaa kilo.
1/3 kg{750} = pounaa kilo
¼ kg { 250 gram } = paav kilo
Ek kilo
Kimat = price , 500 / 750
Kiraanaa = grocery / expensive = mehengaa / clothes = kapde’ ,
Leader = netaa , garib = poor / padhaai – education
Kabhi-kabhi = sometimes / roj – everyday
Pehenataa , pehenati , pehenate = wears
Jaadaa = more , mostly
Married = shaadishudaa
Aurat{ woman } = Aurate { women }
Shaadi – wedding
Vo Germany me rehataa hai . Usakaa naam Florian hai.
Usaki shaadi-me maine saadi peheni.
Shaadi Mumbai-me thi.
Meraa dost Mukesh Rajasthaani hai.
Cold = thandaa , thandi , thande’
Hot – garami

## Simple future tense = Saadaa bhavishya kaal

Future = bhavishya [ To go – jaanaa
Singular Plural

I will go = Mai …..jaa+ungaa {male } We will go= Ham...jaa+yenge

Mai ….jaa+ungi { female }
You will go – Tum …jaa+oge{male}
Tum ….jaa+ogi { fem}
He will go = Vo …..jaa+yegaa
She will go =Vo …..jaa +yegi
You will go = Aap ….jaa+yenge*
Aap …..+jaa+yengi {fem}
They will go =
Ye / ve’ ….jaa + yenge
Ye / ve’ ….jaa +yengi

Aap hindi class ke baad kyaa karenge ?

= mai Hindi class ke baad maalikaam karungaa.
Muze aapake class –ke baad Dusaraa class hai .
Dusaraa – another , second
Fir = then

# Aap bhavishyaa – me kyaa karenge ? { will do }

Agale saal = next saal
- Agale saal ham bharat jayenge.
- Kal mai meri maa- ke ghar jaaungaa .
- Kal mai kaam nahi karungaa.
- Kal mai khaanaa banaaungaa.
- Kal meri patni khaanaa banaayegi

To come back – vaapas aa+

To work = kaam kar+ ….
Tomorrow –kal
To eat = khaanaa khaa+ungaa
Kyaa tum khaanaa khaaogi ? – will you eat ?