‫ﺃﻭﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬

‫*‪ -‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻹﺷﺒﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﺟﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﺤﺎﺟﻢ‬ ‫‪ *-1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻝﻭ ﺫﻚﻚ ﺆﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﺗﺪﻠﺮﻩ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺂﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺳﺒﺒﺉ ﻑﻡ ﺄﻠﺟﺎﺪ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﻭﺗﻭﻑﻴﺮ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺷﺘﻣ ﺆﻚﻛﺟﺎﻦﺉ ﻤ ﻙﻠﻛﺎ ﺭﺆﺪ ﺗﺲﻭﺬ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺭﺆﺪﺉ ﺆﺤﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻒﺮﺪ ﻙﻜﺘﻴﺟﻢ ﺤﺘﻛﻴﻢ ﻤ‬
‫ﺭﺆﺪ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺂﻚﻛﺮﻑﻘﻡ ﻑﻡ ﺷﺘﻣ ﺆﻚﻛﺟﺎﻦﺉ ﻙﺎﻚﻜﻘﻞﻤ ﺆﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀﻤ ﺆﻚﺼﺤﻢ ﻤ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺀ ‪...‬ﺆﻚﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺳﺘﻜﺘﺞ ﺂﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺂﺼﺒﺢ ﻛﻜﺒﺮﺆ ﺤﻴﻭﻠﺎ ﻭﻛﻞﻡ ﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﻤ ﻦ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﻚﻸﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻏﻜﺎﺀ ﻋﻜﻟ‪.‬‬
‫‪ *-2‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻦ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﺗﺼﻭﺬ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﺬﺈ ﻋﻥ ﺟﺳﻡ ﺨﻧﻠﺎ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ *-3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ :‬ﻝﻭ ﻛﺤﻭﺬ ﻜﺳﺮﻠﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﻤ ﻑﻛﻌﺳﻡ ﺆﻚﻒﻘﻞﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﻑﻭ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﻝﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪ .‬ﻜﺳﺮﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 02‬ﻛﻥ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ‪) : 03/06‬ﻠﺲﺒﻖ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﺫﻠﻥ ﻠﻛﺎﺬﺳﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻝﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺬﺈ ﻋﻥ ﺄﻑﺼﺎﺌ ﺄﺬﺆﺪﻱ ﺼﺎﺪﺬ ﻋﻥ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺒﻏﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﺷﺎﺲﻞﻡ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ‪(.‬ﻤ‬
‫ﺄﻜﺷﺎﺀ ﻤ ﺗﻌﺪﻠﻞ ﻤ ﺄﻚﻏﺎﺀ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻋﻛﻞ ﺆﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻤ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺄﺫﺆ ﻙﺎﻜﺉ ﻜﺎﺗﺟﻢ ﻋﻥ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻋﺎﻡﻤ ﻭﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﻝﻭ ﻛﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﺟﻞﻢ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻚﻠﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡﻤ ﻭﻦ ﻠﺟﻭﺭ ﺗﻛﻠﻜﻟ ﺒﺎﻚﺘﻘﺎﺪﻡ ﻤ ﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻑﻢ ﺄﻚﻣ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻜﺰﺆﺴ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﺆﺤﺪ ﺂﺲﺮﺆﻑﻟ ﺟﻞﻢ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ *-4‬ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﻞ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻷﻛﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﺪﻑﺎﺴ ﻤ ﻑﻞﻡ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺳﺪ ﺤﺎﺟﻴﺎﺉ ﺂﺳﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻚﺫﻚﻚ ﻑﻞﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻤ ﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻑﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺳﺘﻌﻛﻞ ﻛﺳﺎﻝﺮ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺗﺘﻛﺘﻍ ﺒﻞﺎﻤ ﻛﻥ ﺂﻝﻛﻞﺎ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻘﺮﺆﺬ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﻦﻥ ﻋﻜﺪ ﺄﺼﺪﺆﺬﻩ ﻦ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﺆﻚﺘﻛﺮﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻟ ﻤ ﻷﻜﻟ ﻠﺘﻛﺘﻍ ﺒﺎﻚﺲﺎﺒﻍ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﻒﻴﺫﻱ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ‬
‫ﺨﺎﻚﻒﻟ ﻠﺘﻌﺮﺱ ﻚﻠﺟﺰﺆﺀ ﺲﺒﻘﺎ ﻚﻠﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 59‬ﻛﻥ ﻖ ﺴ ﺋ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﺲﻌﻥ ﻑﻴﻟ ﻦ ﻠﻭﻗﻒ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﻒﻴﺫ ﺲﺒﻖ ﻚﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪﺈ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺲﻌﻥ ﻦ ﻠﻭﻗﻒ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﻒﻴﺫ ﻤ ﻦﻥ ﺆﻷﺼﻞ ﻑﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻘﺮﺆﺬ ﻛﺷﺮﻭﺴ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ ﺂﻛﺜﻠﺘﻞﺎ ‪ :‬ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻴﻧﺀ ﺲﺒﻘﺎ ﻚﻠﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 679 :‬ﻖ ﻡ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﺳﺨﻴﺮ ﻤ ﻭﻜﺳﺮﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻘﻭﺪ‪ :‬ﺆﻦﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻒﺳﺦ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﻒﺮﺪ ﻚﻠﻌﻘﺪ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻌﺪﻠﻞ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﻜﻒﺮﺪﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻜﺎﺤﻴﻢ ﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻠﻘﺪﻡ ﻛﻜﺎﺼﺇ ﺷﻏﻞ ﻭﻠﻘﺿﻡ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺒﺲﺎﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻠﺤﺪﺊ ﺤﺮﻙﻴﻢ ﺪﺆﺨﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﺟﺘﻛﻍ ‪...‬ﺆﻚﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ *-5‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫*‪ -‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻠﺮﺟﻍ ﺂﺼﻠﻞﺎ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﻚﻌﺼﻭﺬ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﺲﻣ ﻭﺆﺬﺗﺒﺲﺉ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻌﻞﺪ ﻭﺆﻚﻌﺼﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﻠﻜﻡ ﺒﺷﺨﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﻠﻚ ﻤ ﻦﻥ ﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻠﻚ ﻙﺷﺨﺰ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻙﺎﻥ ﺗﺟﺳﻴﺪ ﻚﻠﻌﺪﺆﻚﻢ ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻡ ﺄﻜﺷﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﺈ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻑﻡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺆﻚﻌﺼﻭﺬ ‪ :‬ﻑﻛﺜﻧ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺮﻥ ‪ 15‬ﺆﻜﺷﺄ ﻚﻭﻠﺮ ﻛﻥ ﺆﺟﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﻠﻚ ﺂﻗﺳﺎﻡ ﻚﻠﻛﻠﻜﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻍ ﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﻘﻴﺉ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﻒﻜﺮﺈ ﺒﻌﻴﺪﺈ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﻌﺼﺮ ﺆﻚﺤﺪﻠﺊ ﻚﻠﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﻦﻥ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻠﻚ ﺒﻌﻴﺪﺈ ﻋﻥ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﻤ ﻭﻋﻘﺇ ﺆﻚﺜﻭﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻒﺮﻜﺳﻴﻢ ﺒﺪﺂﺉ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺒ‬
‫ﺎﻚﺳﻞﻭﺬ ﻭﻙﺎﻥ ﻚﻟ ﻋﺪﺈ ﻛﻒﺎﻝﻴﻡ ﻛﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺒﺪﺀﺆ ﻛﻥ ‪ 1889‬ﻛﻍ ﺒﺮﻭﺭ ﺆﻚﺜﻭﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻒﺮﻜﺳﻴﻢ ﻭﺳﻞﻭﺬ ﺆﻚﻒﺼﻞ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻤ ﺂﺼﺒﺢ ﺆﻚﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻠﻭﻚ ﻛﺟﺮﺪ ﺨﺪﺆﻡ ﻭﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻚﻠﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺒﺪﺂﺉ ﺗﺘﺄﺼﻞ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻣ ﺂﺼﺒﺤﺉ ﺟﻭﻝﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻑﻠﻡ ﺗﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻤ ﻭﺄﻜﻛﺎ ﺂﺼﺒﺤﺉ ﺗﻌﻜﻡ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻷﻛﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺃﻚﻒﻢ ﻚﻠﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﻛﺟﻛﻭﻋﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻍ ﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﻘﻴﺉ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ‬
‫ﺄﺷﺒﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﺟﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﻎﺎﻛﺿﻢ ﻦﻥ ﺆﻚﺒﺮﺆﻛﺞ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻙﺎﻜﺉ ﻑﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻠﻚ ﻤ ﻭﻎﺎﻚﺒﺎ ﻛﺎ ﻙﺎﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺆﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻝﺎ ﻭﺗﻜﺳﻴﻛﻞﺎ ﺂﻥ ﺗﺷﺒﻍ ﺤﺎﺟﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻦ ﺤﺎﺟﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻤ ﻭﻚﻘﺪ ﺬﺳﺨﺉ ﻛﺒﺎﺪﺅ ﺆﻚﺜﻭﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻒﺮﻜﺳﻴﻢ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻙﺎﻜﺉ ﺳﺎﻥﺪﺈ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻷﻜﺳﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﺳﺎﻥﺪﺈ ﻭ ﺂﻙﺪﺉ ﺂﻥ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻦ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﻑﺼﻠﻞﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺆﻚﺤﺪﻠﺜﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫*‪ -‬ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﺒﺪﺂ ﺳﻞﻭﺬﻩ ﻛﻍ ﺳﻞﻭﺬ ﻛﻒﻞﻭﻡ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﺬﺳﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺆﻗﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﻘﺇ ﺆﻚﺜﻭﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻒﺮﻜﺳﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺛﻧﺊ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ ﻤ ﺆﻷﻛﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﺪﻑﺎﺴ ﻭﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﻦ ﺗﺘﺪﺨﻞ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺷﺃﻭﻥ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺂﺪﻜﻣ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ ﻭﻙﺎﻥ ﻚﻘﺮﺆﺬ ﺒﻧ ﻜﻜﻭ ﺆﻚﺼﺎﺪﺬ ﻑﻡ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1873/02/08‬ﺆﻚﺼﺎﺪﺬ ﻋﻥ ﻛﺤﻜﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﺎﺭﺴ ﻚﻟ ﺒﺎﻚﻐ ﺆﻷﻝﻛﻴﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺗﻜﺮﻠﺮ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺂﺳﻞﺮﻝﺎ ﻚﻠﻭﺟﻭﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ )ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﺧﻠﺔ (‪ :‬ﺒﻌﺪ ﺄﻑﺮﺆﺭﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺤﺮﺇ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻚﻛﻴﻢ ﺆﻷﻭﻚﻣ ﻤ ﻭﺗﺲﻭﺬ ﺆﻚﺤﻴﺎﺈ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻭﺟﺪﺉ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻜﻒﺳﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺘﺨﻠﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﺬﺳﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﺪﺨﻞ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺷﺃﻭﻥ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻥ ﺗﻭﺆﺟﻞﺎ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻷﺭﻛﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻙﺎﻜﻭ ﻠﻌﺎﻜﻭ‬

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 ‫ﻛﻜﻞﺎ ﺒﻌﺪ ﺆﻚﺤﺮﻭﺇ ﻤ ﻭﺂﺼﺒﺤﺉ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻙﺜﻴﺮﺈ ﻙﺘﻭﻑﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﺼﺤﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻜﻘﻞ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺀ ﻤ ﻭﺒﺪﺂﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﺒﺎﻚﺳﻞﻭﺬ ﻤ ﻭﺒﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺤﺮﺇ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻚﻛﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﺜﺎﻜﻴﻢ ﻤ ﺗﺄﻙﺪﺉ ﻭﺟﻭﺪﻝﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺬﺈ ﻭﺆﺳﻌﻢ ﻭﺂﺼﺒﺤﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺫﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺲﺎﺒﻍ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻱ ﻭﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻡ ﻭﺗﺷﺎﺬﻚ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﻑﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﺘﻟ ﻭﺪﻋﻡ ﺆﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻡ ﻤ‬
‫*‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ) ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ (‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻌﻭﻚﻛﻢ ﻭﺆﻜﻒﺘﺎﺌ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺒﻌﺿﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺒﻌﺱ ﻤ ﺂﺼﺒﺤﺉ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻋﺎﺟﺰﺈ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺲﻠﺒﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺤﻴﺎﺈ ﻤ ﻚﺫﻚﻚ ﻙﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﻠﺊ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ ﺛﻡ ﺳﻞﺮﺉ ﺷﺮﺆﻙﻢ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻢ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﻋﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻭﺂﺼﺒﺢ ﺆﻚﺘﻛﻴﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻦ ﻠﺟﺇ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺗﻞﺎ ﺄﻦ ﺒﺲﺮﻠﻘﻢ ﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮﺈ ﻚﻠﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﺪﺆﺬ ﻛﻥ ﺲﺮﻒ ﺂﺷﺨﺎﺰ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻤ ﻎﻴﺮ ﻛﻭﺟﻭﺪﺈ ﻷﻜﻟ ﺂﺼﺒﺢ ﺆﻚﺷﺨﺰ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﺪﻱ ﺂﻥ ﻠﺳﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﺷﺨﺎﺰ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻛﻥ ﺆﺟﻞ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻛﺉ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ‬
‫ﺂﻠﺿﺎ ﺒﺎﻚﺘﻜﺎﺭﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺱ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻚﻒﺎﻥﺪﺈ ﺆﻚﺨﻭﺆﺰ ﺒﻛﻭﺟﺇ ﻜﺼﻭﺰ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻜﻴﻢ ﺨﺎﺼﻢ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪﺓ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻥﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺤﻜﻡ ﺆﻚﺮﺆﺷﺪ ‪ :‬ﺒﻏﺮﺱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﻜﺎﻑﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻒﺳﺎﺪ ﻭﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﺒﺮﺆﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻌﺎﻝﺪﺆﺉ ﺒﻏﺮﺱ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻣ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻒﺳﺎﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻜﻞﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﻌﺎﻝﺪﺈ ﺆﻷﻛﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺘﺤﺪﺈ ﻚﻛﻜﺎﻑﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻒﺳﺎﺪ ﺒﻜﻴﻭﻠﻭﺬﻚ ﻑﻡ ‪2003/10/31:‬ﻤ ﺆﺗﻒﺎﻗﻴﻢ ﺆﻦﺗﺤﺎﺪ ﺆﻹﻑﺮﻠﻘﻡ ﻚﻛﻜﻍ ﺆﻚﻒﺳﺎﺪ ﻭﻛﻜﺎﻑﺤﺘﻟ ﺳﻜﻢ ‪2003‬ﻤ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺟﺰﺆﻥﺮ ﺆﻜﺿﻛﺉ ﺄﻚﻴﻞﺎ ﻭﻎﻴﺮﺉ ﻛﻥ ﻛﻜﺳﻭﻛﺘﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻴﻢ ﺒﺪﺀﺆ ﻛﻥ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺼﻒﻘﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻭﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﻥ ﺨﻧﻝ ﺆﻚﺘﻌﺪﻠﻧﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﻢ ‪2008‬ﻭ ‪2015‬ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﻜﺎﻑﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻒﺳﺎﺪ ﻭﺆﻚﻭﻗﺎﻠﻢ ﻛﻥ‪01/06 :‬ﻤ ﺲﺒﻘﺎ ﻚﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﺷﻒﺎﻑﻴﻢ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻚﻜﻞ ﺆﻚﻘﻭﺆﻜﻴﻥ ﻛﻜﻞﺎ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺒﻠﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﻚﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻙﻠﻞﺎ ﺗﻏﻴﺮﺉ ﻭﻑﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻚﺘﺳﻴﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫*‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻑﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﺒﺮﺭ ﺆﻚﻛﻒﺎﻝﻴﻡ ﺆﻚﻏﺎﻛﺿﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺜﻴﺮﺈ ﻚﻠﺟﺪﻝ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﻤ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺮﻎﻡ ﻛﻥ‬
‫ﺆﺬﺗﺒﺎﺲﻞﺎ ﺒﺘﺲﻭﺬ ﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﺒﺎﻚﻛﻌ ﺲﻴﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﺳﺎﻥﺪﺈ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺬﻎﻡ ﺗﻌﺪﺪ ﺆﻚﺘﻌﺎﺬﻠﻒ ﻭﺆﺨﺘﻧﻑﻞﺎ ﺄﻦ ﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺆﻦﻋﺘﻛﺎﺪ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻛﻌﻴﺎﺬﻠﻥ ﺂﺳﺎﺳﻴﻥ ﻭﻝﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺆﻚﻒﻘﻟ ﻭﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻋﺎﺪﺈ ﻠﺮﺟﺤﺎﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺗﺤﺪﻠﺪ‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺂﻠﻥ ﺗﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﺃﺳﺳﻢ‬ ‫*‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﻭﻠﻘﺼﺪ ﺒﻟ ﺆﻷﺟﻞﺰﺈ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺒﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺤﻴﺊ ﻠﺮﻯ ﺆﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ‪ :‬ﺂﺤﻛﺪ ﻛﺤﻴﻭ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻠﻭﺟﺪ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻋﺎﻡ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ ﻝﻜﺎ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﺆﻋﺘﺒﺎﺬ ﻙﻞ ﻛﻥ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﺟﺎﻛﻌﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺳﺘﺷﻒﻴﺎﺉﻤ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻷﻜﻞﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻚﻠﺟﻛﻞﻭﺬ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ‪ :‬ﻝﻭ ﻙﻞ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﻠﺷﺮﺴ ﻑﻴﻟ ﺒﻏﺮﺱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﺒﻏﺱ ﺆﻚﻜﺳﺮ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﺟﻞﻢ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻥﻛﻢ ﺒﻟ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻝﻭ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﻠﺒﺎﺷﺮﻩ ﺷﺨﺰ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻡ ﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮﺈ ﻭﺗﺤﺉ ﺬﻗﺎﺒﺘﻟ ﺒﻘﺼﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻠﺘﻛﻴﺰ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻤ ﻑﺎﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻠﻞﺪﻒ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻑﻡ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻠﻞﺪﻒ ﺆﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻭﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺆﻚﺮﺒﺢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺘﻛﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫*‪-‬‬
‫ﻑﻴﻛﺎﻠﻠﻡ ‪ -*1 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﻲ ‪ :‬ﻠﻜﺷﺄ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻏﺮﺱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻒﻞﻭﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻛﻒﻞﻭﻡ ﻛﺘﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﻛﺮﺗﺒﺲﺎ ﺒﺎﻚﺘﺲﻭﺬﺆﺉ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻚﻠﻛﺟﺘﻛﻍ ﻤ ﻭﻙﻛﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻛﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻥ ﺆﻚﻒﺼﻞ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﺟﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻚﻴﺮ ﺟﺎﺪﺆ ﻭﻦ ﻛﺲﻠﻘﺎ ﻑﻛﺎ ﻠﻌﺪ ﺂﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻑﻡ ﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻛﺎ‬
‫ﻤ ﻦ ﻠﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺂﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻑﻡ ﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺂﺨﺮﻯ ﻤ ﻭﻛﺎ ﻠﻌﺪ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﻦ ﻠﻌﺪ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺂﺨﺮ‪.‬ﻤ ﻑﺎﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪ :‬ﻝﻡ ﺳﺪ ﺤﺎﺟﻴﺎﺉ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺂﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻠﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻚﻠﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺲﺮﻠﻖ ﺂﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻛﺨﺘﻠﻒﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺆﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺗﺮﺒﻭﻠﻢ ﻙﺎﻚﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺂﻭ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺗﻴﻢ ﻙﺎﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺀ ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﺲﻭﺬ ﺒﺘﺲﻭﺬ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺗﻛﺜﻞ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺮ ﻑﻡ ﺗﻜﻭﻠﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻠﺮ ﺂﻝﻛﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻝﻡ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪ :‬ﻝﻞ ﻝﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺤﺎﺟﻢ ﺗﻛﺜﻞ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﺂﻡ ﻦ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻟ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺆﺳﺘﻏﻧ ﺂﻛﻭﺆﻚﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﺒﻞﺪﻒ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺆﻚﺮﺒﺢ ﻭﺭﻠﺎﺪﺈ ﺂﻛﻭﺆﻚﻞﺎ ﻦ ﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻠﺨﻭﺆﺰ ﺆﻚﺫﻠﻥ ﻠﻘﺪﻛﻭﻥ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻛﺜﻞ ﺆﻚﻜﻘﻞ ﻤ ﻦ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻷﻜﻞﺎ ﻛﺘﺮﻭﻙﻢ ﻚﻸﻑﺮﺆﺪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻠﻜﺘﺞ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺫﻚﻚ ‪ :‬ﻛﺟﺎﻜﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -*2‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻱ ‪ :‬ﺆﺬﺗﺒﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺒﺷﺨﺰ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻡ ﺂﻠﺎ ﻙﺎﻥ ﻜﻭﺴ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺂﻭ ﺲﺮﻠﻘﻢ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺗﻟ ﻤ ﻠﻒﺘﺮﺱ ﻭﺟﻭﺪ ﺆﺬﺗﺒﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻛﻍ ﺆﺤﺪ ﺂﺷﺨﺎﺰ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﻷﻜﻟ ﻚﻴﺮ ﻙﻞ ﻛﺷﺮﻭﺴ ﻠﻞﺪﻒ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻝﻭ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤ ﻭﺒﺎﻚﺘﺎﻚﻡ ﻠﺟﺇ ﺆﺗﺼﺎﻚﻟ ﺒﺼﻒﻢ ﺨﺿﻭﻋﻟ ﻚﺷﺨﺰ‬
‫ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻡ ﻤ ﻑﺎﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺗﺘﺤﻛﻞ ﻋﺇﺀ ﺆﻹﻜﺷﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﻭﺳﺎﻥﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﻜﺳﻴﻛﻟ ﻭﺗﺳﻴﻴﺮﻩ ﺒﺼﻒﻢ ﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮﺈ ﻤ ﺆﻭ ﻋﻥ ﺲﺮﻠﻖ ﻜﺳﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﻢ ﻭﺆﺬﺗﺒﺎﺲ ﻎﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻙﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻛﺪ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻝﻴﻥﻢ ﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻭﺂﺼﺒﺤﺉ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺮﻗﺎﺒﻢ ) ﻋﻘﺪ ﺆﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭ (‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -*3‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ ‪ ) :‬ﺨﺿﻭﺴ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻚﻜﺳﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻜﻡ ﻛﺘﻛﻴﺰ(‪ :‬ﺗﺨﺿﻍ ﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺜﻘﺎﻑﻴﻢ ﺳﻭﺆﺀ ﺗﺪﺆﺬ ﺒﺲﺮﻠﻘﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮﺈ ﺂﻭ ﻎﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮﺈ ﻚﻛﺟﻛﻭﻋﻢ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﻭﺆﻋﺪ ﻛﺎ ﻠﻛﻴﺰﻝﺎ ﺂﻜﻞﺎ ﻎﻴﺮ ﻛﺄﻚﻭﻑﻢ ﻑﻡ ﻛﺟﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻛﺨﺘﻠﻒﻢ ﻋﻛﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻛﻌﻛﻭﻝ ﺒﻟ ﻑﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻤ ﻭﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻛﻥ ﺤﻴﺊ ﺆﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﻭﺆﻚﺲﺒﻴﻌﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺂﻥ ﻚﻜﻞ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻜﺳﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻜﻡ ﻠﻠﻴﻖ ﺒﻟ ﻭﻠﺨﺪﻛﻟ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫*‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺨﺿﻍ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻚﻜﺼﻭﺰ ﻛﺨﺘﻠﻒﻢ ﻛﺮﺆﻋﺎﺈ ﻚﺲﺒﻴﻌﻢ ﺆﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻟ ﻭﺒﺎﻚﻜﺘﻴﺟﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺳﻥ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺆﺤﺪ ﻠﺤﻜﻡ ﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺂﻛﺮ ﻦ‬
‫ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﺗﺟﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﻛﺮ ﺆﻚﻭﺆﻗﻍ ﻤ ﺒﺳﺒﺇ ﺆﺨﺘﻧﻒ ﺲﺒﻴﻌﻢ ﻙﻞ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﻙﻞ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻑﻛﺎ ﻠﺼﻠﺢ ﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻗﺪ ﻦ ﻠﺼﻠﺢ ﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺂﺨﺮ ﻛﺜﻧ ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﺪﻑﺎﺴ‬
‫ﺲﺒﻴﻌﻢ ﻋﻛﻠﻟ ﺗﻒﺮﺱ ﺆﻚﺘﺒﻌﻴﻢ ﻚﻠﺟﻞﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤ ﺨﻧﻒ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻤ ﻦﻠﻛﺎﺬﺮ ﻛﻞﺎﻛﻟ ﺄﻦ ﺄﺫﺆ ﻙﺎﻥ ﻛﺳﺘﻘﻧ ﻭﻛﺤﺎﻠﺪﺆ ﻭﻦ ﻠﺨﺿﻍ ﻷﻠﻢ ﺟﻞﻢ ﺂﺨﺮﻯ ﻤ‬
‫ﻚﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﺆﻚﺟﺰﺆﻥﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻎﺮﺆﺬ ﺒﺎﻗﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﻋﻴﻥ ﺨﺰ ﻙﻞ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺒﻘﻭﺆﻋﺪ ﺗﺤﻜﻛﻟ ﻚﻭﺤﺪﻩ ﻤ ﻭﻙﻞ ﻗﺲﺎﺴ ﺒﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻟ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﻤ ﻙﺎﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﺪﻑﺎﺴ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺼﺤﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻤ ﻭﻝﺫﺆ ﺂﻛﺮ ﻑﻡ ﻎﺎﻠﻢ ﺲﺒﻴﻌﺘﻟ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻧﻒ ﺂﺳﻠﻭﺒﻟ ﻤ ﻭﻚﻜﻥ ﺆﻚﻜﻞ ﻠﺤﻜﻛﻞﺎ ﻛﺒﺎﺪﺅ ﻭﺆﺤﺪﺈ ﻜﺳﺮﺆ ﻷﻜﻞﺎ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺗﺷﺘﺮﻚ ﻑﻡ ﺷﻡﺀ ﻭﺆﺤﺪ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻠﻡ ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺗﺤﻜﻛﻟ ﻗﻭﺆﻋﺪ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺂﺳﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﺤﺪﺈ ﻭﺗﻛﻴﺰﻝﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﻭﻋﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻭﺆﺼﺲﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻛﺒﺎﺪﺅ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻚﻠﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻚﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻜﺳﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻡ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻚﻠﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻭﺆﺟﺒﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﺲﺒﻴﻖ ﻭﺗﺳﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺳﻭﺆﺀ‬
‫ﻙﺎﻜﺉ ﺆﻚﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﺆﻭ ﻚﻡ ﻠﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﻤ ﻷﻜﻞﺎ ﻛﺒﺎﺪﺅ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻚﻠﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -*1‬ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ‪ :‬ﻠﻘﺼﺪ ﺒﻟ ﺆﻚﺘﺰﺆﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﺪﻠﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻚﻠﻛﻜﺘﻒﻌﻴﻥ ﺪﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺘﻛﻴﻴﺰ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﺒﺳﺒﺇ ﺆﻚﻠﻏﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﺪﻠﻥ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﺟﻜﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﻌﺘﻘﺪﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺪﻠﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﻢ ‪...‬ﺆﻚﺦﻤ ﻭﻚﻜﻥ ﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻦﻜﺘﻒﺎﺴ ﺒﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻦ ﺗﻌﻜﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺲﻠﻘﻢ ﻤ ﺒﻞ ﻜﺳﺒﻴﻢ ﺄﺫ ﻠﺟﺇ‬
‫ﺂﻥ ﻠﺘﻭﺆﺟﺪ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﺆﻚﺮﺆﻎﺒﻴﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻦﻜﺘﻒﺎﺴ ﺒﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻑﻡ ﻜﻒﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻙﺰ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻡ ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﻠﺘﺲﻠﺒﻟ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻑﻴﻞﻡ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻭﺲ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻧ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺲ ﺆﻚﺘﺳﺟﻴﻞ ﻑﻡ ﻠﻒﺮﺱ ﻛﻌﺪﻝ ﻛﻌﻴﻥ ﻦﺨﺘﺼﺎﺰ‬ ‫ﺆﻚﻧﺭﻛﻢ ﺤﺘﻣ ﺗﺘﻡ ﻛﻌﺎﻛﻠﺘﻞﻡ ﻛﻌﺎﻛﻠﻢ ﻛﺘﺳﺎﻭﻠﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺤﻘﻭﻖ ﻭﺆﻦﻚﺘﺰﺆﻛﺎﺉ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺟﺎﻛﻌﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻌﻴﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺮ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻡ ﻚﻠﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺘﻛﺜﻞ ﻑﻡ‪:‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺆﻹﻋﻧﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻚﻛﻡ ﻚﺤﻘﻭﻖ ﺆﻹﻜﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻥ ‪1789 :‬ﻤ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 01:‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ ) :‬ﻠﻭﻚﺪ ﺆﻚﻜﺎﺮ ﺂﺤﺮﺆﺬ ﻭﻠﻌﻴﺷﻭﻥ ﺂﺤﺮﺆﺬ ﻛﺘﺳﺎﻭﻠﻥ‬
‫ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺤﻘﻭﻖ (‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ :1948 :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪) :01 :‬ﻠﻭﻚﺪ ﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﺆﻚﻜﺎﺮ ﺂﺤﺮﺆﺬ ﻛﺘﺳﺎﻭﻠﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻜﺮﺆﻛﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺤﻘﻭﻖ ( *‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ :1966:‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 02:‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﺤﺊ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ‪ -* .‬ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻙﺎﻥ ﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﻥ ﺨﻧﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺳﻭﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻥﻛﻢ ‪ :‬ﺨﻧﻝ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ 1963‬ﻑﻡ ﻜﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 12‬ﻛﻜﻟ ‪) ):‬ﻙﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺟﻜﺮ ﻚﻞﻡ ﻜﻒﺮ ﺆﻚﺤﻘﻭﻖ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻒﺮ ﺆﻚﻭﺆﺟﺒﺎﺉ (ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ 1976‬ﻜﺰ ﺼﺮﺆﺤﻢ ﻑﻡ ﻜﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 39 :‬ﻛﻜﻟ ‪ ) :‬ﻙﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻛﺘﺳﺎﻭﻭﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺤﻘﻭﻖ ﻭﺆﻚﻭﺆﺟﺒﺎﺉ (‪.‬ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ ) :44 :‬ﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺤﻢ ﻚﻜﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ (ﻤ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ :1989‬ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 28‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ ) :‬ﻙﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﺳﻭﺆﺳﻴﻢ ﺂﻛﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ (‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ 1996‬ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 29 :‬ﺒﻜﻒﺮ ﺼﻴﺎﻎﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 28‬ﻚﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ 1989‬ﻤ ﻭﺂﺨﺮﻝﺎ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ 2016‬ﻭﺆﻚﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ‬
‫‪ 2020‬ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 35 :‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ ) :‬ﺗﺳﺘﻞﺪﻒ ﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺟﻛﻞﻭﺬﻠﻢ ﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﻙﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﺎﺉ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺤﻘﻭﻖ ﻭﺆﻚﻭﺆﺟﺒﺎﺉ ﺒﺈﺭﺆﻚﻢ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻌﻘﺒﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻌﻭﻖ ﺗﻒﺘﺢ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻢ ﺆﻹﻜﺳﺎﻥ (‪ .‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 37 :‬ﻛﻥ ﺉ ﺪ ‪ ) :2020‬ﻙﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﺳﻭﺆﺳﻴﻢ ﺂﻛﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥﻤ ﻭﻚﻞﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺤﻖ ﻑﻡ ﺤﻛﺎﻠﻢ ﻛﺘﺳﺎﻭﻠﻢ ‪.(...‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﻚﻠﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 27‬ﻛﻥ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ‪ ) : 03/06 :‬ﻦ ﻠﺟﻭﺭ ﺆﻚﺘﻛﻴﻴﺰ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒﻴﻥ ﺒﺳﺒﺇ ﺂﺬﺆﻥﻞﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺷﺨﺼﻴﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ(‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ ﺆﻚﺮﻥﺎﺳﻡ‪ 247/15 :‬ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪ 02 :‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺂﻭ ﺟﻜﺳﻞﻡ ﺂﻭ ﺂﺼﻠﻞﻡ ﺂﻭ ﺒﺳﺒﺇ ﺂﻱ ﺳﺮﻒ ﻛﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﻑﻞﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﻥ ﺗﺮﺆﻋﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﻑﻡ ﻛﻌﺎﻛﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺷﺤﻴﻥ ﻭﺷﻒﺎﻑﻴﻢ ﺆﻹﺟﺮﺆﺀﺆﺉ ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺟﻜﺳﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ‪ :01/05 :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪ 06 :‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪:‬‬
‫) ﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺟﺰﺆﻥﺮﻠﺎ ﺆﻚﻭﻚﺪ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﻚﻭﺪ ﻛﻥ ﺂﺇ ﺟﺰﺆﻥﺮﻱ ﺂﻭ ﺂﻡ ﺟﺰﺆﻥﺮﻠﻢ (‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺮﺈ ‪ :‬ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ‪ 02/05‬ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 09 :‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ ) :‬ﻠﻜﻌﻘﺪ ﺆﻚﺰﻭﺆﺋ‬
‫ﺒﺮﺿﺎ ﺆﻚﺰﻭﺟﻴﻥ ( ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ ) :13 :‬ﺗﺰﻭﻠﺟﻞﺎ ﺒﻛﻭﺆﻑﻘﺘﻞﺎ ﻭﻦ ﻠﺟﺒﺮﻝﺎ ﺆﻚﻭﻚﻡ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺰﻭﺆﺋ (‪ .‬ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 40‬ﻛﻥ ﺉ ﺪ ‪ ):2020‬ﺗﺤﻛﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺂﺈ ﻛﻥ ﻙﻞ ﺂﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﻌﻜﻒ ﻑﻡ ﻙﻞ ﺆﻷﻛﺎﻙﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﺳﺮﻭﻒ (‪.‬ﻤ ﻑﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﻠﻌﺲﻡ ﺆﻚﺤﻖ ﻚﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻚﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﻢ ﺪﻭﺬ ﻑﻌﻠﻡ ﻑﻡ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺈ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺷﺃﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻛﻴﻴﺰ ﻤ ﻭﻝﺫﺆ ﻛﺎ ﺂﻙﺪﺗﻟ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 56 :‬ﻛﻥ ﺉ ﺪ ‪ ) : 2020‬ﻚﻜﻞ ﻛﻭﺆﺲﻥ ﺗﺘﻭﻑﺮ ﻑﻴﻟ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻭﺲ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﺤﻖ ﻑﻡ ﺂﻥ‬
‫ﻠﻜﺘﺨﺇ ﻭﺆﻥ ﻠﻜﺘﺨﺇ(‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ‪ : 03/12 :‬ﺭﻠﺎﺪﺈ ﻑﺮﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺂﺈ ﻚﺘﻭﻚﻡ ﻛﻜﺎﺼﺇ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺟﺎﻚﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺘﺨﺒﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻜﺳﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﻜﻭﺲﻢ ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺮﻑﺱ ﻙﻞ ﻗﺎﻥﻛﻢ ﺄﺫﺆ ﻚﻡ ﺗﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻭﺲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃ‬ ‫*‪ -‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ‪:‬‬

‫*‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻔﻌﻴﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪ 165 :‬ﻛﻥ ﺉ ﺪ ‪ ):2020‬ﻠﻘﻭﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﺳﺎﺮ ﻛﺒﺎﺪﺅ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻋﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈﻤ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺌ‬

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‫ﻚﻠﺟﻛﻴﻍ ( *‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻑﻍ ﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﻠﺎ ﺒﻌﺮﻠﺿﻢ ﻛﻭﻗﻌﻢ ﻛﻥ ﻛﺤﺎﻛﻡ ﻛﻌﺘﻛﺪ ﻚﺪﻯ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻜﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺂﻭ ﻛﺟﻠﺮ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺎﺭﻋﺎﺉ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺆﺳﺘﺜﻜﻣ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺒﻠﺪﻠﻢ ﻛﻥ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻹﺟﺮﺆﺀ ‪.‬ﻤ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻜﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻚﻠﺪﻭﻚﻢ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 183:‬ﻛﻥ ﺉ ﺪ ‪ ) :2020‬ﺗﺨﺘﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻜﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻚﻠﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺒ‬
‫ﺎﻚﻜﺳﺮ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻷﻑﻌﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒﻞﺎ ﺨﻴﺎﻜﻢ ﻋﺳﻛﻣ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻠﺮﺗﻜﺒﻞﺎ ﺬﻥﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﺟﻛﻞﻭﺬﻠﻢ ﺂﺛﻜﺎﺀ ﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﻢ ﻋﻞﺪﺗﻟ ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻜﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺮ ﻑﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺟﻜﺎﻠﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻚﺟﻜﺢ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻠﺮﺗﻜﺒﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻭﺭﻠﺮ ﺆﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺬﻥﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﺤﻜﻭﻛﻢ ﺒﻛﻜﺎﺳﺒﻢ ﺗﺄﺪﻠﻢ ﻛﻞﺎﻛﻞﻛﺎ (‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ*‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺿﺮﻠﺒﻢ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺪﺨﻞ ﻤ ﻙﻞ ﺆﻚﻜﺎﺮ ﻛﺘﺳﺎﻭﻠﻢ ﺂﻱ ﺆﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﺗﺲﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﻤ ﻑﺎﻚﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺤﺳﺇ ﺪﺨﻠﻟ ﻤ ﻭﻝﺫﺆ‬
‫ﻦ ﻠﺘﻜﺎﻑﻣ ﻛﻍ ﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ‪.‬ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻷﺪﺆﺀ ﻭﺆﺟﺇ ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻭﺲﻜﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ*‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻚﻜﻞ ﻭﺆﺤﺪ ﺆﻚﺤﻖ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻦﻚﺘﺤﺎﻖ ﺒﺎﻚﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻛﺘﻣ ﺗﻭﻑﺮﺉ ﻑﻴﻟ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻭﺲ ﺆﻚﻧﺭﻛﻢ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺤﻖ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺪﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺟﺎﻜﺇ ﻭﺆﻥ ﻠﻌﺎﻛﻞ ﺒﻜﻒﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﻌﺎﻛﻠﻢ ﻛﻥ ﺤﻴﺊ ﺆﻚﺷﻏﻞ ﻭﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ‪ 03/06 :‬ﻭﻑﻡ‬ ‫ﻤ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺤﻖ ﻚﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻚﻠﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﻚﻠﻘﺿﺎﺀ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‬ ‫ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ ): 74 :‬ﻠﺨﺿﻍ ﺆﻚﺘﻭﺳﻴﻒ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻦﻚﺘﺤﺎﻖ ﺒﺎﻚﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ(‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪ 37‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﺗﻭﻑﺮ ﺆﻚﺟﻜﺳﻴﻢ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺒﺎﻗﻡ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻭﺲ ﺆﻷﺨﺮﻯ ﺒﻏﺱ ﺆﻚﻜﺳﺮ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﻚﺟﻜﺮ ﻚﻧﻚﺘﺤﺎﻖ ﺒﺳﻠﻚ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻤ ﻭﻭﺿﻍ ﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻑﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻛﺎﻜﺎﺉ ﻙﻘﺎﻋﺪﺈ ﺆﺤﺘﺮﺆﻡ ﺆﻦﻚﺘﺤﺎﻖ ﺒﺎﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻛﻥ ﺨﻧﻝ ﺄﻚﺰﺆﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻚﺪﻯ ﻚﺟﻭﻥﻞﺎ ﻚﻠﺘﻭﺳﻴﻒ ﻛﺮﺆﻋﺎﺈ ﻚﻠﺷﺮﻭﺲ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 75‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺟﻜﺳﻴﻢ ﻭﺤﺳﻥ ﺆﻚﺳﻴﺮﺈ ﻭﺆﻚﺳﻠﻭﻚ ﻭﺆﻚﺳﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻑﻢ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺄﺟﺮﺆﺀﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺘﻭﺳﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﺳﺎﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﺒﻘﻢ ﺆﻭ ﺆﻚﺷﻞﺎﺪﺈ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ‪:‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﺗﻜﻭﻥ ﺂﻛﺎﻡ ﻜﻒﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻙﺰ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻡ ﺄﻦ ﺂﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﺂﺤﻴﺎﻜﺎ ﻠﺘﺪﺨﻞ ﺒﺈﺟﺮﺆﺀ ﺆﻚﺘﻛﻴﻴﺰ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻌﺎﻛﻠﻢ ﻚﻸﺷﺨﺎﺰ ﺆﻚﺫﻠﻥ‬
‫ﻠﻜﺘﻛﻭﻥ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻛﺮﻙﺰ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻜﻡ ﻭﺆﺤﺪ ﻤ ﻙﺘﺨﺼﻴﺰ ﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻛﻌﻴﻜﻢ ﻚﺫﻭﻱ ﺆﻦﺤﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻚﺘﻭﻚﻡ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ ﻤ ﻑﻧ ﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺄﺨﻧﻦ ﻚﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﻚﺘﻭﻚﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ ﺂﻭ ﺤﺟﺰ ﻛﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﻛﻌﻴﻜﻢ ﻚﻠﻛﺮﺂﺈ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺟﺎﻚﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺘﺨﺒﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺄﻋﻒﺎﺀ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺿﺮﺆﻥﺇ ﻚﺒﻌﺱ ﺆﻚﻒﻥﺎﺉ ﻑﻧ ﻠﺘﻜﺎﻑﻣ ﻛﻍ ﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ) ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺎﻥﻤ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢﻤ ﺆﻚﻏﺮﺱ (ﻤ ﻭﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺆﻚﻛﻌﺎﻛﻠﻢ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻧﻒ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﻧ ‪ :‬ﺗﺨﻒﻴﺱ ﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﺗﺳﺪﻠﺪ ﻑﺎﺗﻭﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀ ﺄﻚﻣ ‪ 50‬ﺒﺎﻚﻛﺎﻥﻢ ﻚﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺆﻚﺟﻜﻭﺇ‬
‫ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻠﺨﺪﻛﻢ ‪ :‬ﺆﻷﻛﺎﻙﻥ ﺆﻷﻛﺎﻛﻴﻢ ﻚﻠﺲﺎﻥﺮﺈﻤ ﻭﺆﺨﺘﻧﻒ ﺆﻚﻏﺮﺱ ‪ :‬ﺗﺳﻌﻴﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ‬ ‫)ﺆﻚﺼﺤﺮﺆﺀ(‪ .‬ﻤ‬
‫ﻚﻠﻛﺼﻜﻍ ﺂﻙﺜﺮ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻒﺮﺪ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﺪﻱ ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻚﻜﻞ ﺷﺨﺰ ﻠﺮﻯ ﺗﺤﻴﺰ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﻚﻟ ﺆﻚﺤﻖ ﻑﻡ ﻛﻘﺎﺿﺎﺗﻞﺎ ﺂﻛﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﺟﻞﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﻥﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺨﺘﺼﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -*2‬ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ) :‬ﺳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﺿﻄﺮﺍﺩ (‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻠﻜﺷﻺ ﻛﻥ ﺆﺟﻞ ﺄﺷﺒﺎﺴ ﺤﺎﺟﻢ ﺆﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻭﻝﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺤﺎﺟﻢ ﻦ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﺒﺈﺷﺒﺎﺴ ﺒﺷﻜﻞ ﻙﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﺆﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻦ ﺒﻛﻜﻥ ﺗﻭﻗﻒﻟ ﻤ ﻭﻦ ﺒﺪ ﺂﻥ ﺆﻹﺷﺒﺎﺴ ﺒﺼﻒﻢ ﺪﺆﻥﻛﻢ ﻭﻛﻜﺘﺳﻛﻢ ﻦﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺄﺫﺆ ﻛﺎ ﻜﺷﺄ ﻑﺎﻷ‬
‫ﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﻠﺮﺗﺒﻭﻥ ﺤﻴﺎﺗﻞﻡ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﺳﺎﺮ ﻭﺟﻭﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺮﻠﻒﻟ ‪ :‬ﻛﻌﻜﺎﻩ ﺂﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻠﺟﺇ ﺂﻥ ﻠﻌﻛﻞ ﺒﺎﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬ ﺪﻭﻥ ﺆﻜﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﻭﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺄﺨﻴﺮ ﻤ ﻭﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﻥ ﺪﺨﻭﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺘﻒﻴﺪﻠﻥ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻛﻜﺎﺗﺒﻞﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺷﻜﻞ ﺪﺆﻥﻡ ﻛﻜﺘﺳﻡ ﻭﺿﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﺆﻡ ﺆﻚﺮﺳﻛﻡ ‪.‬ﻤ ﻛﺎ ﻋﺪﺆ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﻭﺈ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻝﺮﺈ ﺂﻭ ﻋﺲﻠﻢ ﺬﺳﻛﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺪﺃ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 03 :‬ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ‪ :01/02‬ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﺒﺘﻭﺭﻠﻍ ﺆﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺆﻚﻏﺎﺭ ﺒﻭﺆﺳﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﻘﻜﻭﺆﺉ ‪ ):‬ﺗﻞﺪﻒ ﻛﻞﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺗﻛﻭﻠﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺰﺒﺎﻥﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺂﺤﺳﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﺲ ﺆﻹﻜﺼﺎﻒ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻌﺎﻛﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ(‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪ 90 :‬ﻛﻥ ﺉ ﺪ ‪ ) :2020‬ﻭﺂﺳﻞﺮ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢﻤ ﻭﺆﻋﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻣ‬
‫ﺗﻭﻑﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻭﺲ ﺆﻚﻧﺭﻛﻢ ﻚﻠﺳﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﺪﻱ ﻚﻠﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ (‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪/12 :‬ﻒ‪ 1‬ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﻚﻠﻘﺿﺎﺀ ) ﺗﻛﻜﻍ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﺿﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻋﻛﻞ ﻑﺮﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺂﻭ ﺟﻛﺎﻋﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺷﺄﻜﻟ ﺂﻥ ﻠﺃﺪﻱ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺂﻭ ﻋﺮﻗﻠﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻋﻛﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﻥﻡ (ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 45 :‬ﻛﻥ ﻖ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪ :‬ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ‪:03/06 :‬‬
‫) ﻠﻛﻜﻍ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻙﻞ ﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﻛﻞﻛﺎ ﻙﺎﻜﺉ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﻟ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﻡ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﺂﻥ ﻠﻛﺘﻠﻚ ﺪﺆﺨﻞ ﺆﻚﺘﺮﺆﺇ ﺆﻚﻭﺲﻜﻡ ﺂﻭ ﺨﺎﺬﺟﻟﻤ ﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮﺈ ﺆﻭ ﺒﻭﺆﺳﺲﻢ ﺷﺨﺰ ﺂﺨﺮ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻠﻢ ﺼﻒﻢ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺼﻒﺎﺉ ﻛﺼﺎﻚﺢ ﻛﻥ ﺲﺒﻴﻌﺘﻞﺎ ﺂﻥ ﺗﺃﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﺳﺘﻘﻧﻚﻴﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺗﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻥﻘﺎ ﻚﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻛﻞﻛﻢ ﺒﺼﻒﻢ ﻋﺎﺪﻠﻢ ‪.(..‬ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﻒﻴﺫﻱ‬
‫‪ :232/03‬ﺆﻚﻛﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺒﺎﻦﺗﺼﺎﻦﺉ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻧﺳﻠﻜﻴﻢ ﻤ ﺂﻙﺪﺉ ﺂﻥ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻠﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻚﻠﺟﻛﻞﻭﺬ ﻭﺒﺼﻒﻢ ﺪﺆﻥﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤ ﺂﻙﺪ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﻥ ﺗﺿﺲﻠﻍ ﻝﻴﺎﻙﻞ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻙﺰﻠﻢ ﺒﺎﻚﻛﻞﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﻭﺲﻢ ﺒﻞﺎ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻡ‬ ‫‪ :188/90‬ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﻠﺤﺪﺪ ﻝﻴﺎﻙﻞ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻙﺰﻠﻢ ﻭﺂﺟﻞﺰﺗﻞﺎ ﻭﺄﺪﺆﺬﺗﻞﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺳﺘﻞﺪﻒ ﺿﻛﺘﻥ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻭﺪﻠﻛﻭﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻞ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ ‪ -*:‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺏ ‪ :‬ﻝﻭ ﺗﻭﻗﻴﻒ ﺄﺬﺆﺪﻱ ﺟﻛﺎﻋﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻞ ﻚﻒﺘﺮﺈ ﻛﻌﻴﻜﻢ ﺪﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺘﺨﻠﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﺤﺘﺟﺎﺟﺎ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﻭﺿﺎﺴ ﻛﻌﻴﻜﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺂﻛﻧ ﻑﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻠﺼﺲﺪﻡ ﺒﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ‪.‬ﻤ ﻑﺟﺎﺀ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪1963 :‬‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﺲﺎﻚﺇ ﻛﺤﺪﺪﺈ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻛﻭﻗﻒ ﺨﺲﻴﺮ ﻠﻛﺮ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻜﺘﺳﺎﻡ ﻭﺆﺿﺳﺮﺆﺪ‬

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 ‫ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻟ ﺿﻛﻜﻴﺎ ﻛﻥ ﺨﻧﻝ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻞ ﺆﻚﻜﻘﺎﺒﻡ ﻭﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻠﻛﺎﺬﺮ ﻑﻡ ﺄﺲﺎﺬ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ‪.‬ﻤ ﺂﻛﺎ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪ :1966 :‬ﻚﻡ ﻠﺷﺮ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺤﻖ ﺆﻹ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻭﺂﻎﻒﻠﻟ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻸﻛﺮ ‪ : 74/71:‬ﻚﻡ ﻠﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻭﻝﺫﺆ ﻜﺳﺮﺆ ﻚﻠﺘﻭﺟﻟ ﺆﻦﺷﺘﺮﺆﻙﻡ ﻑﻡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺤﻠﻢﻤ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺂﻥ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ‪ : 1976:‬ﺆﻋﺘﺮﻒ ﺒﺤﻖ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻚﻜﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻑﻘﺲ ﺪﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﺂﻛﺎ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ :1989 :‬ﻭﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 54 :‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ ) :‬ﺆﻚﺤﻖ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻹ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻛﻌﺘﺮﻒ ﺒﻟ ﻭﻠﻛﺎﺬﺮ ﻑﻡ ﺄﺲﺎﺬ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ (‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻜﺎﺀﺆ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ﻤ ﺼﺪﺬ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ‪ 02/90:‬ﺆﻚﻛﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺆﻚﻜﺰﺆﻋﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺟﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻚﻠﻌﻛﻞ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻌﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻑﻡ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ‪ 03/06:‬ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 365‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪):‬ﻠﻛﺎﺬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺘﻛﻡ ﺒﺎﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ‪ 27/91 :‬ﻤﻭﻜﺳﻡ ﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﻢ ﺤﻖ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻤ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﺤﻖ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻑﻡ ﺄﺲﺎﺬ ﺆﻚﺘﺷﺮﻠﻍ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻜﺳﻴﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻌﻛﻭﻝ ﺒﻞﻛﺎ (‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺏ ‪ :‬ﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﺨﺲﺄ ﻛﻞﻜﻡ ﺟﺳﻴﻡ ﻠﻌﺮﻗﻞ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﻭﻚﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﺘﻟ ﻠﺟﺇ ﺗﻭﻑﺮ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﺲ ﺆﻚﺘﺎﻚﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫*‪ -*1 -‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻛﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻭﺳﺎﺲﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺼﺎﻚﺤﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻠﺟﻭﺀ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﻚﻠﺟﺎﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺨﺘﺼﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﻛﻥ ﺆﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺄﺟﺮﺆﺀ ﺆﻚﺘﺳﻭﻠﻢ ﻭﺄﺫﺆ ﻚﻡ ﺗﻭﻑﻖ ﻚﻠﺤﻞ ﻤ ﺗﺮﻑﻍ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻛﺟﻠﺮ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﻚﻠﺟﻜﻢ ﻛﺘﺳﺎﻭﻠﻢ ﺆﻷﻋﺿﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﻠﻛﺜﻞ ﺟﻞﺎﺭ ﻛﺼﺎﻚﺤﻢ ﻤ ﻠﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﻥ ﻛﻛﺜﻞ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻛﺜﻞ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﻭﺄﺫﺆ ﺆﺳﺘﻛﺮ ﺆﻚﺨﻧﻒ ﻭﻚﻡ ﻠﺼﻞ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻭﺿﻍ ﺤﺪ ﻚﻠﻜﺰﺆﺴ ﻝﻜﺎ ﻠﻠﺟﺎ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﻢ ﺤﻖ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻭﻑﻖ ﻗﻴﻭﺪ ﻛﻌﻴﻜﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -*2-‬ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺏ ‪ :‬ﻦ ﺒﺪ ﺂﻥ ﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺎﺪﺬﺆ ﻋﻥ ﺂﻎﻠﺒﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﺪﻭﻥ ﺄﻙﺮﺆﻩ ﺂﻭ ﺿﻏﺲ ﻤ ﻭﻠﺘﻡ ﺫﻚﻚ ﻑﻡ ﺟﻛﻌﻴﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﺗﺿﻡ‬
‫ﻙﺎﻑﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﺂﻭ ﻜﺼﻒﻞﻡ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻷﻗﻞ ﻤ ﻠﻌﺒﺮﻭﻥ ﻑﻴﻞﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺬﻎﺒﺘﻞﻡ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻠﺟﻭﺀ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻋﻥ ﺲﺮﻠﻖ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺮﺆﺴ ﺆﻚﺳﺮﻱ ﻭﻑﻘﺎ ﻚﻠﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 28‬ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﻠﺷﺘﺮﺲ ﺂﻥ ﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺮﺆﺬ ﺼﺎﺪﺬﺆ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻷﻎﻠﺒﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺲﻠﻘﻢ ﻚﻠﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﺿﺮﻠﻥ ﻑﻡ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﺟﻛﻌﻴﻢ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪. 27:‬‬
‫*‪ -*3-‬ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺮﺍﺏ ‪ :‬ﻠﺷﺮﺴ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﻋﻜﺪ ﺆﻜﺘﻞﺎﺀ ﺆﺟﻞ ﻛﺪﺈ ﺆﻹﺷﻌﺎﺬﻤ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺂ ﻛﻥ ﺗﺎﺬﻠﺦ ﻚﺪﻯ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﺪ ﻋﻥ ﺲﺮﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﻒﺎﻭﺿﻢ ﻭﻦ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻥ ‪ 08‬ﺂﻠﺎﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺄﻠﺪﺆﻋﻟ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -*4-‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ :‬ﻠﺘﻡ ﺆﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺆﻚﺘﺪﺆﺒﻴﺮ ﻭﻙﺎﻑﻢ ﺆﻹﺟﺮﺆﺀﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﻧﺭﻛﻢ ﻚﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﺎﻑﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻭﺳﺎﻥﻞ ﻭﺂﺪﻭﺆﺉ‬
‫ﻭﺂﻛﺎﻙﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻞ ﻤ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻞﺎ ﻷﻱ ﺗﺨﺮﻠﺇ ﺂﻭ ﻛﺳﺎﺮ ﺂﻭ ﺄﺗﻧﻒ ﻭﺤﻛﺎﻠﻢ ﺆﻷﻛﻧﻚ ﺆﻚﻌﻘﺎﺬﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﺎﺒﻌﻢ ﻚﻠﻛﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻤ ﻭﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺆﻚﻠﺟﻭﺀ ﻚﻺﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺄﺗﺒﺎﺴ ﺆﻹﺟﺮﺆﺀﺆﺉ ﺨﺲﺄ ﻛﻞﻜﻡ ﺟﺳﻴﻡ ﻤ ﺒﺎﻚﺮﻎﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺂﻥ ﺆﻹﺿﺮﺆﺇ ﺤﻖ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬﻱ ﻚﻜﻥ ﻦ ﻠﺟﺇ ﺂﻥ ﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﺲﻠﻘﺎ ﻜﺳﺮﺆ ﻦﻋﺘﺒﺎﺬﺆﺉ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻦﺒﺪ ﻛﻥ ﺗﻭﻑﺮ ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﺪﺆﻥﻛﻢ ﻚﺒﻌﺱ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻙﺎﻚﻛﺳﺘﺷﻒﻴﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺼﻧﺉ ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺄﻜﺘﺎﺋ ﺆﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﺂﻛﺎﻜﻢ ﺆﻚﺿﺒﺲ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﺎﻙﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺟﺎﻚﺮ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﻥﻴﻢ ‪...‬ﺆﻚﺦ‪- .‬‬
‫* ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻉ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺏ ﻛﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﺫﻚﻚ ﻚﻸﻝﻛﻴﻢ ﺆﻹﺳﺘﺮﺆﺗﻴﺟﻴﻢ ﻑﻡ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﻋﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻹﺛﺎﺬ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻛﺮ ﺒﺎﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺎﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻑﻡ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻛﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻤ ﻭﺂﻋﻭﺆﻥ ﺆﻷﻛﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﺟﻛﺎﺬﻚ ﻭﺆﻚﺤﻛﺎﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺪﻜﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻠﺘﺳﺨﻴﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫–ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪*:‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺔ ‪ :‬ﻝﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺬﺈ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻛﻞ ﺄﺬﺆﺪﻱ ﻠﻒﺼﺢ ﻑﻴﻟ ﻋﻥ ﺬﻎﺒﺘﻟ ﻑﻡ ﺗﺮﻚ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﻜﻞﺎﻥﻴﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺒﻠﻭﺵ ﺆﻚﺳﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻜﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻠﺟﺇ ﺂﻥ ﺗﻜﺳﻡ ﺆﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻘﺎﻚﻢ ﺤﺘﻣ ﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺤﻖ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬﻱ ﻭﻦ ﻠﺟﺒﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﻛﻜﺼﺒﻟ ﺒﺎﺳﺘﺜﻜﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﻦﺉ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﺜﻜﺎﻥﻴﻢ ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺳﻛﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﺆﻚﺟﺰﺆﻥﺮﻱ ﺒﺄﻜﻞﺎ ﺤﻖ ﻭﻑﻘﺎ ﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ )ﺆﻷﻛﺮ‪(03/06:‬ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ ‪ :59/85‬ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﺆﻚﻜﻛﻭﺫﺟﻡ‬
‫ﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 33‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﺆﻋﺘﺒﺮﺉ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻘﺎﻚﻢ ﺤﻖﻤ ﻭﺂﺨﺫﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 217 :‬ﻛﻥ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ‪ ) :03/06 :‬ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻘﺎﻚﻢ ﺤﻖ‬
‫ﻛﻌﺘﺮﻒ ﺒﻟ ﻚﻠﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﻠﻛﺎﺬﺮ ﺿﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻭﺲ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺼﻭﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ (‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻜﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻘﺎﻚﻢ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 217:‬ﺄﻚﻣ‪:‬‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 220 :‬ﻛﻥ ﻜﻒﺮ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ﻭﺗﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺲﻠﺇ ﻛﻜﺘﻭﺇ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻤ ﻭﻦ ﺒﺪ ﻛﻥ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﻑﻡ ﻛﻞﺎﻛﻟ ﺤﺘﻣ ﺼﺪﻭﺬ ﻗﺮﺆﺬ ﻗﺒﻭﻝ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻘﺎﻚﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﻛﺪﺈ ‪ 60:‬ﻠﻭﻛﺎ ﻤ ﻭﺄﺫﺆ ﻚﻡ ﻠﺮﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻟ ﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﺒﻭﻝ ﺿﻛﻜﻡ ﻚﻧﺳﺘﻘﺎﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺆﻚﺘﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻞ ﺪﻭﻥ ﺄﺗﺒﺎﺴ ﺆﻹﺟﺮﺆﺀﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺳﺎﺒﻘﻢ ﺨﺲﺎ ﻛﻞﻜﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺳﻴﻡ ﻭﻠﺲﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻟ ﺆﻚﻌﺰﻝ ﻭﻠﺲﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻟ ﺆﻚﻌﻘﻭﺒﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺼﻭﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 115 :‬ﻛﻥ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺴ ﺋ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺈ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻠﺫﻠﻥ ﻠﻘﺪﻛﻭﻥ ﺆﺳﺘﻘ‬
‫ﺂﺷﻞﺮ ﺄﻚﻣ‪ 03 :‬ﺳﻜﻭﺆﺉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﻦﺗﻞﻡ ﺒﻏﺮﺱ ﻋﺮﻗﻠﻢ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﺆﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻘﻭﺒﻢ ﺆﻚﺤﺒﺮ ﻛﻥ ‪06 :‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ -*:‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﺂﺿﻒﻣ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻛﺎﻠﻢ ﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﻛﻭﺆﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺂﺨﺿﻌﻟ ﻚﻜﺳﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻜﻡ ﻛﺘﻛﻴﺰ ﻤ ﻑ‬
‫ﺎﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 689 :‬ﻖ ﻡ ‪ :‬ﻦ ﻠﺟﻭﺭ ﺆﻚﺘﺼﺮﻒ ﻑﻡ ﺂﻛﻭﺆﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺂﻭ ﺤﺟﺰﻝﺎ ﺂﻭ ﺗﻛﻠﻜﻞﺎ ﺒﺎﻚﺘﻘﺎﺪﻡ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 4 :‬ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ‪30/90‬‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺘﺿﻛﻥ ﺆﻷﻛﻧﻚ ﺆﻚﻭﺲﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ‪ :‬ﺆﻷﻛﻧﻚ ﺆﻚﻭﺲﻜﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻎﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻢ ﻚﻠﺘﺼﺮﻒ ﻭﻚﻠﺘﻘﺎﺪﻡ ﻭﻦ ﻚﻠﺤﺟﺰ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺤﻛﻣ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﺆﻷﻛﻭﺆﻝ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻚﺼﺎﺤﺇ ﺆﻦﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺬﻝﺎ ﺗﺷﻜﻞ ﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﻚﻠﺪﺆﻥﻜﻴﻥ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ ﻜﺎﺤﻴﻢ ﺂﺟﺎﺭ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﻚﻠﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻚﻟ ﺤﻖ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻴﻧﺀ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻷﻛﻭﺆﻝ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 679‬ﻖ ﻡ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﺟﻴﺰ ﻚﻟ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻴﻧﺀ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻷﻛﻭﺆﻝ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﺿﻛﺎﻜﺎ ﻦﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻜﺰﺴ ﺆﻚﻛﻠﻜﻴﻢ ﻚﺼﺎﻚﺢ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﻒﻌﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 677‬ﻖ ﻡ ﻤﻑﺿﻧ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﺤﻛﺎﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﺟﻜﺎﻥﻴﻢ ﻷﻛﻭﺆﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪ 29:‬ﻛﻥ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﻗﺎﻠﻢ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻒﺳﺎﺪ ﻭﺤﻛﺎﻠﺘﻟ‪ :‬ﻠﻌﺎﻗﺇ ﺒﺎﻚﺤﺒﺮ ﻛﻥ‪ 02 :‬ﺄﻚﻣ‬
‫‪ 10‬ﺳﻜﻭﺆﺉ ﻤ ﻙﻞ ﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﻠﺘﻠﻒ ﺂﻛﻭﺆﻝ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻭﺫﻚﻚ ﻚﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻝﻜﺎﻚ ﺿﻛﺎﻜﺎﺉ ﺂﺨﺮﻯ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺒﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﻝﻡ‪:‬‬

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 ‫*‪ -‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﺄﺟﺮﺆﺀ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﻚﻡ ﺗﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻑﻴﻟ ﺄﺟﺮﺆﺀﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺘﻭﺳﻴﻒ ﻤ ﺒﺎﻚﺮﻎﻡ ﺂﻥ ﻗﺮﺆﺬ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻜﻟ ﻛﻌﻴﺇ ﻤ ﻭﻝﻜﺎ ﻚﻠﺤﻒﺎﺳ ﻋﻠﻣ‬
‫ﺆﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻤ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺂﻋﻛﺎﻚﻟ ﻛﺷﺮﻭﻋﻢ ﻭﺫﻚﻚ ﻑﻡ ‪-:‬‬
‫* ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺤﻛﺎﻠﻢ ﻚﻠﺒﺎﺲﻥ ﺂﻱ ﺆﻚﻏﻴﺮ ﺤﺳﻜﻡ ﺆﻚﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﺘﺼﺮﻑﺎﺉ ﻛﺷﺮﻭﻋﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻝﻡ ﺆﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻙﻴﺎﻥ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﻛﻜﺎﺲﻘﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻑﻡ ﺳﺮﻭﻒ ﺤﺮﺟﻢ ﺗﻛﺮ ﺒﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻙﺎﻥ ﻠﻘﻭﻡ ﺷﺨﺰ ﺒﺄﻋﻛﺎﻝ ﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻭ ﻚﻴﺮ ﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﺂﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﻤ ﻛﺜﻧ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺤﺮﺇﻤ ﻑﻛﺎ ﻛﺪﻯ ﻛﺷﺮﻭﻋﻴﻢ ﺗﺼﺮﻒ ﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﺎﻥﻒ؟ ﻛﺟﻠﺮ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺆﻚﻒﺮﻜﺳﻡ ﺆﻋﺘﺒﺮﻝﺎ ﺂﻋﻛﺎﻦ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻢ ﺲﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻚﻒﻜﺮﺈ ﺆﻚﺿﺮﻭﺬﺈ ﻭﺆﻚﺳﺮﻭﻒ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﺜﻜﺎﻥﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻛﺮ ﺒﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻑﻜﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒﻴﻥ ﻛﺟﻜﺪﻠﻥ )ﺗﻘﻭﻠﺱ ﺿﻛﻜﻡ ( ﻋﻜﺮ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﻚﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻤ ﺒﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﻢ ﺆﻷﻋﻛﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫*‪ -‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺋﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺒﻌﻘﻭﺪ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺆﻦﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻞ ﻛﺪﺈ ﺳﺮﻠﺎﻜﻞﺎ ﻛﻥ‪30:‬ﺆﻚﻣ ‪90‬ﺳﻜﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻝﺫﻩ ﺆﻚﺳﺮﻭﻒ ﻎﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻭﻗﻌﻢ ﻭﻗﺉ ﺄﺒﺮﺆﻡ ﺆﻚﻌﻘﺪ ﻤ ﻭﺗﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺬﺋ ﺄﺬﺆﺪﺈ ﺆﻷﺲﺮﺆﻒ ﻭﻚﻴﺮ ﻚﺪﻠﻞﻛﺎ ﺂﻱ ﺪﺨﻞ ﻑﻡ ﺤﺪﻭﺛﻞﺎ ﻭﺗﺟﻌﻞ ﺆﻦﻚﺘﺰﺆﻡ ﻛﺮﻝﻘﺎ ﻭﻚﻴﺮ ﻛﺳﺘﺤﻴﻧ ﻤ ﻭﻠﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺘﻌﻭﻠﺱ ﺟﺰﻥﻴﺎ ﻑﻘﺲ ﻚﻜﻡ ﻦ ﻠﻌﻴﻖ ﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻜﺘﺳﺎﻡ ﻭﺆﺿﺲﺮﺆﺪ ﻤ ﻛﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺪ ﺆﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻙﻢ ﺆﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀ ﻛﻍ ﺒﻠﺪﻠﻢ ﺒﻭﺬﺪﻭ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -*3‬ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ) ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ (‪ :‬ﻭﻠﻘﺼﺪ ﺒﻟ ﺤﻖ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﻑﻡ ﺗﻌﺪﻠﻞ ﺆﻚﻘﻭﺆﻋﺪ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻜﺳﻡ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻞ ﻚﻠﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤ ﺤﺘﻣ ﺗﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﺘﺟﺎﻭﺒﻢ ﺒﺎﺳﺘﻛﺮﺆﺬ ﻛﻍ ﺗﺲﻭﺬﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺪﺆﺨﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺨﺎﺬﺟﻴﺎﻤ ﻚﺫﻚﻚ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻛﻍ ﺆﻷﻭﺿﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﺟﺪﻠﺪﺈ ﺳﻭﺆﺀ ﻛﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺊ ﺆﻚﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺂﻭ ﺗﻏﻴﻴﺮ ﻜﺳﺎﻡ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺗﻟ )ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﻢ ﺆﻭ ﺆﻦﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭ(ﻤ ﻭﻚﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻘﺪﻠﺮﻠﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺗﺲﻭﻠﺮ ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺤﺳﺇ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺘﺟﺪﺆﺉ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﺳﺮﻭﻒ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻦ‬
‫ﻠﺟﻭﺭ ﻷﺤﺪ ﺆﻦﺤﺘﺟﺎﺋ ﺒﺎﻚﺤﻖ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺘﺳﺇ ﻤ ﻑﻛﺜﻧ ‪ :‬ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻦﻚﻜﺘﺮﻭﻜﻴﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﺒﻭﻗﺉ ﺆﻗﺼﺮ ﻭﺒﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﻞﺪ ﻑﺮﺪﻱ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺳﺮﻋﻢ ﻤ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺒﺮﻠﺪ ﺆﻦﻚﻜﺘﺮﻭﻜﻡ ﺤﺪﻠﺜﻢ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺪ ﻑﻒﻡ ﺆﻚﺟﺰﺆﻥﺮ ﻑﻡ ﻗﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﻌﺪﺆﻚﻢ ﻑﺘﺤﺉ ﻜﺎﻑﺫﺈ ﺆﻚﻜﺘﺮﻭﻜﻴﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺳﻜﻢ ‪ : 2010‬ﻚﻧﺲﻧﺴ ﻋﻠﻣ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﻠﺎ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺟﻠﻢ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﺒﺮﻠﺪ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺼﻧﺉ ‪ :‬ﻙﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺬﺼﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺆﻚﺼﺮﺆﻒ ﺆﻹﻚﻡ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻠﺟﻛﺎﻋﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻠﻴﻢ ﻑﺎﻚﺒﻠﺪﻠﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺳﻜﻢ ‪2017 :‬ﻤ ﺒﻞﺪﻒ ﺨﻠﻖ ﻜﻭﺴ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺷﻒﺎﻑﻴﻢ ﻤ ﺬﻗﻛﻜﺉ ﺆﻚﺳﺟﻞ ﺆﻚﻭﺲﻜﻡ ﻚﻠﺤﺎﻚﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺪﻜﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺆﺳﺘﺨﺮﺆﺋ ﺆﻚﻭﺛﺎﻥﻖ ﺆﻚﺒﻴﻭﻛﺘﺮﻠﻢ ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻚﻚ ﺒﻞﺪﻒ ﺆﻚﺪﻠﻛﻘﺮﺆﺲﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﺷﺎﺬﻙﻴﻢ ﻙﺈﺷﺮﺆﻚ ﺆﻚﺟﻛﻌﻴﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺟﺎﻚﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﺪﺒﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺂﻭ ﻛﺎ ﻠﻌﺮﻒ ﺒﺎﻚﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺮﺆﺷﺪ ﻭﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﺷﻒﺎﻑﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺷﺮﺆﻙﻢ ﻑﻡ ﻛﺷﺎﺬﻠﻍ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺆﺳﺘﻒﺎﺪﺗﻞﺎ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰﻤ ﻭﻛﺒﺪﺂ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻜﺼﺉ ﻋﻠﻴﻟ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 06 :‬ﻛﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ ‪ 131/188‬ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﻠﻜﺳﻡ ﺆﻚﻌﻧﻗﺎﺉ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻥ ‪ ):‬ﺗﺳﻞﺮ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺪﻭﻛﺎ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺗﻜﻴﻒ ﻛﻞﺎﻛﻞﺎ ﻭﻝﻴﺎﻙﻠﻞﺎ ﻛﻍ ﺆﺤﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻠﺟﺇ ﺂﻥ ﺗﺿﻍ ﺗﺤﺉ ﺗﺼﺮﻒ ﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺆﺲﻥ (‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ ( 21 :‬ﻭﻠﺟﺇ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﺂﻥ ﻠﺘﺲﻭﺬ ﻙﻞ ﺄﺟﺮﺆﺀ ﺿﺮﻭﺬﻱ ﻚﺘﺘﻧﻥﻡ ﻛﻍ ﺆﻚﺘﻘﻜﻴﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺤﺪﻠﺜﻢ ﻑﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺘﻜﺳﻴﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﺳﻴﻴﺮ(‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻦ ﻠﺟﻭﺭ ﻷﺤﺪ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒﻴﻥ ﺂﻥ ﻠﺤﺘﺞ ﺒﺤﻖ ﻛﻜﺘﺳﺇ ﻑﻡ ﻛﺮﻙﺰ ﺗﻜﺳﻴﻛﻟ ﺲﺒﻘﺎ ﻚﻠﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 07‬ﻛﻥ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ‪- .03/06 :‬‬
‫* ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺅﻫﺎ ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻜﺷﻡﺀ ﺒﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ ﺬﻥﺎﺳﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺬﻥﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﺟﻛﻞﻭﺬﻠﻢ ﻝﺫﺆ ﻛﺎﺟﺎﺀ ﺒﻟ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ 1976‬ﻭﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪1989‬ﻤ ﺄﻦ ﺆﻜﻟ ﻭﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺈ ﺂﺼﺒﺢ ﺆﻚﺒﺮﻚﻛﺎﻥ ﻠﺷﺮﺴ ﻑﻡ ﺄﻜﺷﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﺟﻞﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﻭﻑﻘﺎ ﻚﻛﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺒﻟ ﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪1996‬ﻤ ﻑﻡ ﻛﺎﺪﺗﻟ‪ 122 :‬ﻤ ﻑﺎﻷﺼﻞ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﻒﻴﺫﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺗﻜﺷﺎﻩ ﻭﺆﺳﺘﺜﻜﺎﺀﺆ ﺆﻚﺒﺮﻚﻛﺎﻥ ﻤ ﻭﺪﺳﺘﻭﺬ ‪ 2016‬ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺉ ﺪ ‪2020‬ﻤ ﻑﻡ ﻛﺎﺪﺗﻟ ‪ 139:‬ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺤﺪﺪﺉ ‪ 30‬ﻛﺟﺎﻦ ﻚﻠﺘﺷﺮﻠﻍ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻠﺒﺮﻚﻛﺎﻥ ﻤ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻞﻴﻥﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺂﻜﺷﺄﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻡ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻚﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺤﻖ ﺄﻚﻏﺎﺃﻩ ﺲﺒﻘﺎ ﻚﻘﺎﻋﺪﺈ ﺗﻭﺆﺭﻱ ﺆﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺳﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺄﻚﻣ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ ‪:‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻟ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻭﻛﻞﻜﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ ﺤﻴﺊ ﺆﻦﻛﺘﺪﺆﺪ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﻜﺲﺎﻖ ﺆﻹﻗﻠﻴﻛﻡ ﺄﻚﻣ‬
‫ﻭﺲﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﻛﺤﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻛﻥ ﺤﻴﺊ ﺆﻚﺘﺰﺆﻡ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺒﺈﻜﺷﺎﻥﻟ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﺨﺘﻴﺎﺬﻠﻢ ﻭﺄﺟﺒﺎﺬﻠﻢ ‪-.‬‬
‫‪ *1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﻝﻡ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻗﺪﻠﻛﻢ ﻚﺰﻛﺉ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻛﻜﺫ ﺭﻛﻥ ﺲﻭﻠﻞ ﻚﻛﺎ ﻚﻞﺎ ﻛﻥ ﺂﻝﻛﻴﻢ ﺤﻴﻭﻠﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺂﺳﺎﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻠﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ‬
‫ﺟﻭﻝﺮﻠﻢ ﻚﻠﻛﻭﺆﺲﻜﻴﻥ ﻤ ﻭﺒﺪﻭﻜﻞﺎ ﻦ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻚﻛﻌﻜﻣ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﻛﻥ ﺂﻝﻛﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀﻤ ﻭﻚﺫﻚﻚ ﺗﺘﻭﻦﻝﺎ ﺟﻛﻴﻍ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻝ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻚﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺲﺮﻠﻖ ﺂﺟﻞﺰﺗﻞﺎ ﻛﻞﻛﺎ‬
‫ﺆﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻜﺳﺎﻛﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺳﻴﺎﺳﻡ ﻭﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﻚ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺗﻞﺎ ﻚﻸﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﻚﻛﺎ ﻚﻞﺎ ﻛﻥ ﺨﺲﻭﺬﺈ ﻙﺎﻷﻛﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﺪﻑﺎﺴ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺗﻞﺎ ﻛﺟﺎﻜﺎ ﻙﺎﻚﺼﺤﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻷﻛﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺪﺆﺨﻠﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﺨﺎﺬﺟﻡ‪.‬ﻭﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺆﻭ ﺆﻚﺨﺰﻠﻜﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻝﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻛﻞ ﺂﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺄﻜﺷﺎﻥﻞﺎ ﻤ ﻭﺬﻎﻡ ﺂﻜﻞﺎ ﻗﺪﻠﻛﻢ ﺄﻦ ﺂﻥ ﺆﻚﻒﻘﻟ ﻚﻡ ﻠﺟﻛﻍ ﻛﻌﻴﺎﺬ ﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻚﺘﻌﺮﻠﻒﻞﺎ ﻦ‬
‫ﺨﺘﻧﻒ ﻜﺷﺎﺲﺎﺗﻞﺎ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢﻤ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺗﻛﺎﺬﺮ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﻎﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﻠﻛﺎﺬﺳﻟ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﻤ ﺒﻞ ﺫﻝﺇ ﺆﻚﺒﻌﺱ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﻜﻟ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺼﻌﺇ ﺗﻌﺮﻠﻒﻞﺎ )ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ (ﻤ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺒﻡ ﺒﺘﻛﻴﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻷﺨﺮﻯ ﻋﻜﻞﺎ ﻭﻋﺮﻑﺉ ﺒﺄﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺗﺘﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﺼﻜﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﺟﺎﺬﻠﻢ ﻦﻥ ﻚﻴﺮ ﻚﻞﺎ ﺲﺎﺒﻍ ﺆﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻱ ﻭﻝﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻠﻒ ﺳﻠﺒﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -*2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺳﻞﺮﺉ ﻜﺘﻴﺟﻢ ﻚﻠﺤﺮﻭﺇ ﻭﻛﺎ ﺨﻠﻒﺘﻟ ﻛﻥ ﺪﻛﺎﺬ ﻤ ﻑﻭﻚﺪ ﺤﺎﺟﺎﺉ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﺟﺪﻠﺪﺈ ﻙﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﺆﻹﺳﺮﺆﺴ ﻑﻡ ﺄﺷﺒﺎﻋﻞﺎ ﻤ‬

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 ‫ﻭﻚﺫﻚﻚ ﺆﻋﺘﺮﻒ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﻒﻘﻟ ﻤ ﺒﺼﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻚﻞﺫﻩ ﺆﻷﻜﺷﺲﻢ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﺮﻎﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺂﻜﻞﺎ ﻚﻡ ﺗﺘﻭﻑﺮ ﻑﻴﻞﺎ ﻛﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻑﻟ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ‬
‫ﺤﺪﻠﺜﻢ ﻜﺳﺒﻴﺎ ﻤ ﺗﺳﺒﺇ ﻑﻴﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺘﺲﻭﺬ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻱ ﺳﻞﺮﺉ ﻛﻍ ﺳﻞﻭﺬ ﺆﻚﻒﻜﺮ ﺆﻦﺷﺘﺮﺆﻙﻡ ﻤ ﻙﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻦﺗﺼﺎﻦﺉ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻧﺳﻠﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺳﻜﻚ ﺆﻚﺤﺪﻠﺪﻠﻢ ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺗﺟﺎﺬﻱ ﺆﻭ ﺼﻜﺎﻋﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺗﻞﺎ ﺒﻛﻘﺎﺒﻞ ﺆﺟﺮﻤ ﻭﺗﻛﺎﺬﺮ ﻛﻥ ﺤﻴﺊ ﺆﻷﺼﻞ ﻜﺷﺎﺲﺎ ﻛﻛﺎﺛﻧ ﻚﻠﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﺗﻛﺎﺬﺳﻟ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﺆﻚﺼﻜﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﺁﻭ ﺆﻚﺘﺟﺎﺬﻠﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺫﻝﺇ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﻛﻘﺎﺬﻥ ﻚﻜﻡ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﺟﺎﺬﻠﻢ ﺆﻭ ﺆﻚﺼﻜﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻠﺟﺇ ﺂﻥ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻛﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻞﺎ ﻛﺷﺎﺒﻞﻢ ﻷﻋﻛﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻥ ﻠﺘﻘﺎﺿﻣ ﺒﺪﻦ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﺃﺪﻠﻞﺎ ﻤ ﻭﺆﻥ ﻠﺮﺆﻋﻣ ﺆﻚﻌﺮﻒ ﺆﻚﺘﺟﺎﺬﻱ ﻑﻡ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺗﻞﺎ ﻭﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺳﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺆﻷﺬﺒﺎﺌ ﻛﻥ ﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﺘﻞﺎ ﻛﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺳﻜﻚ ﺆﻚﺤﺪﻠﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﺒﺮﻠﺪ ﻭﻙﻞ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﻛﺎﻚﻡ ﺆﻭ ﺭﺬﺆﻋﻡ ﻭﺄﻜﺘﺎﺋ ﺂﻭ ﺗﻭﺭﻠﻍ ﺂﻭ ﻜﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺂﻭ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﻥ ‪...‬ﺆﻚﺦ‪.‬‬
‫*‪-‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ ) ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ (‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺗﺲﺒﻖ ﻗﻭﺆﻋﺪ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﺂﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻚﻛﺎ ﺗﻛﺘﺎﺭ ﺒﻟ ﺒﻘﻭﺆﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﻞﻡ ﺆﺳﺘﺜﻜﺎﺀﺆ ﺄﺫﺆ ﻜﺰﻚﺉ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻛﺮﺗﺒﻢ ﻛﻛﺎﺬﺳﻢ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪﻤ ﻙﻌﻘﺪ ﺆﻚﻞﺒﻢ ﻑﻞﻜﺎ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺪﺈ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺿﻭﺴ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﺀﻚﻢ ﻤ ﺂﻛﺎ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻙﺄﺼﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺗﺨﺿﻍ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﺄﺫﺆ ﻜﺰﻚﺉ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻛﺮﺗﺒﻢ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﺲﺒﻖ ﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ ﺤﺳﺇ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 106 :‬ﻛﻥ ﻖ ﻡ ﺋ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺂﻛﻭﺆﻝ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻦ ﻠﺟﻭﺭ ﺗﻛﻠﻜﻞﺎ ﺒﺎﻚﺘﻘﺎﺪﻡ ﻭﻦ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﺤﺟﺰﻝﺎ ﻑﻞﻡ ﺗﺘﻛﺘﻍ ﺒﺤﺼﺎﻜﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻠﻢ ﺲﺒﻖ ﻚﻛﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 689‬ﻖ ﻡ ﺋ‪ .‬ﻤ ﺂﻛﺎ ﺂﻛﻭﺆﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻢ ﻚﻠﺘﻜﺎﺭﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﻢ ﻚﻠﺘﺼﺮﻒ ﻑﻴﻞﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﻮﺩ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻠﺤﻜﻛﻞﺎ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺼﻒﻘﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ‪ 247/15‬ﻤ ﺂﻛﺎ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﺗﺨﺿﻍ ﻚﻠﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺘﺟﺎﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﺮﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺂﻋﻛﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ‪ :‬ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻘﻡ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻗﺮﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺄﻦ ﺆﻜﻟ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﺗﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺮﺆﺬﺆ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻒ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺿﻴﻢ ﺳﻛﺒﺎﻚ ‪ :‬ﻜﺰﺆﺴ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺪﻠﻭﺆﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﺲﻜﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻞﻜﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﺷﺮﻙﻢ ﺆﻚﻭﺲﻜﻴﻢ ﺳﻛﺒﺎﻚﻤ ﺤﻴﺊ ﺆﺼﺪﺬ ﺆﻚﺪﻠﻭﺆﻥ‬ ‫ﺆﺳﺘﺜﻜﺎﺀﺆ ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﻞ ﻛﺎ‬
‫ﻚﻠﺤﺒﻭﺇ‬
‫ﻛﻜﺷﻭﺬﺆ ﺳﻜﻢ ‪ 1989‬ﻤ ﻜﺳﺎﻡ ﺆﺷﺘﺮﺆﻙﻡﻤ ﻑﺘﻡ ﺆﻚﺲﻌﻥ ﻑﻴﻟ ﻛﻥ ﺲﺮﻒ ﺆﻚﺷﺮﻙﻢ ﺂﻛﺎﻡ ﺆﻚﻏﺮﻑﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺪﻜﻴﻢ ﻚﻠﻛﺟﻠﺮ ﺆﻷﻋﻠﻣﻤ ﻑﺎﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﺟﺰﺆﻥﺮﻱ ﺂﻚﻏﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺷﻭﺬ‬
‫ﻭﺆﻋﺘﺒﺮﺗﻟ ﻗﺮﺆﺬﺆ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﻠﺎ ﻤ ﻷﻜﻟ ﺂﺿﺎﻒ ﻗﻭﺆﻋﺪ ﺟﺪﻠﺪﺈ ﻤ ﻑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻋﻛﻞ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﺒﺎﻚﺮﻎﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺼﺪﻭﺬﻩ ﻛﻥ ﻗﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻱ ﻤ ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻘﺮﺆﺬ ﺆﺤﺪ‬
‫ﺂﻋﻛﺪﺈ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﺆﻚﺪﻙﺘﻭﺬ ﺆﺤﻛﺪ ﻛﺤﻴﻭ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹ ﺩﺍ ﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻦ ﻠﻞﺪﻒ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺆﻚﺮﺒﺢ ﻑﺎﻚﺨﺰﻠﻜﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻝﻡ ﻛﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻛﻞ ﻋﺇﺀ ﺆﻹﻜﺷﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻜﺎﻚﻴﻒﻤ ﺂﻛﺎ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻱ ﻠﺳﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﺰﺆﻜﻴﺘﻟ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﻭﻠﺨﺿﻍ ﻚﻠﺿﺮﺆﻥﺇ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺑ‬

‫ﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺆﻭ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹ ﺩﺍ ﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻠﺘﺤﻛﻠﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻠﺲﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡﻤ ﺂﻛﺎ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻱ ﻠﺲﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺃﻭﻚﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺼﻢ ﺂﻭ ﻛﺎﻠﺳﻛﻣ ﺒ‬
‫ﺎﻚﻛﺳﺃﻭﻚﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﻘﺼﻴﺮﻠﻢ ﻤ ﻦﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﺗﺘﺳﻡ ﺒﺎﻚﺳﺮﻋﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﻥﺘﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺨﺿﻍ ﻚﻠﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﺂﻱ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺎﻑﺳﻢ ﺒﻛﻒﻞﻭﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺘﺟﺎﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫*‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ‪ :‬ﻑﻜﻧﻝﻛﺎ ﻚﻟ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻥ ﺆﻷﺨﺮﻤ ﻑﻜﺼﻭﺰ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺆﺨﺮﺋ ﻑﻥﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺘﺲﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﻡ ﻤ ﻑﺎﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻠﺨﺿﻌﻭﻥ ﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻞ ﻤ ﻑﺼﺪﺬ ﺂﻭﻝ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ‪ :‬ﺳﻜﻢ ‪ :1966‬ﻑﺎﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺆﻚﺟﻛﻍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒﻴﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﻑﻴﻟ ﻛﻥ ﺨﻧﻝ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 01:‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ ) :‬ﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒﻴﻥ ﺆﻷﺷﺨﺎﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﻌﻴﻜﻴﻥ ﻑﻡ ﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺪﺆﻥﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﺫﻠﻥ ﺬﺳﻛﻭ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﻭﺆﻚﺟﻛﺎﻋﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻠﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺆﻚﻞﻴﻥﺎﺉ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﺤﺳﺇ ﻙﻴﻒﻴﺎﺉ ﺗﺤﺪﺪ ﺒﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ(‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ ﻚﻡ ﻠﺼﺪﺬ ﺒﻌﺪﻤ ﻭﺒﻌﺪ ﺫﻚﻚ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ‪ : 74/71 :‬ﺆﻚﻛﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺒﺎﻚﺘﺳﻴﻴﺮ ﺆﻦﺷﺘﺮﺆﻙﻡ‬
‫ﻚﻠﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 08 :‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﺂﺿﻒﺉ ﺼﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻙﻞ ﻛﻥ ﻠﺤﺼﻞ ﺂﻭ ﻠﻌﻴﺯ ﻛﻥ ﺤﺎﺼﻞ ﻋﻛﻠﻟ (ﻤ ﻭﻜﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﺆﻚﺘﻭﺤﻴﺪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒ ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻞ ﺳﻭﺆﺀ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﺁﻭ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻱ ﻤ ﻭﻚﻜﻥ ﻜﺟﺪ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 01 :‬ﻛﻴﺰﺉ ﻭﺬﺳﻛﺉ ﻛﺟﺎﻝ ﺗﺲﺒﻴﻘﻟ ﻑﺫﻙﺮﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺪﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺗﺮﻚ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ﻚﻠﻜﺼﻭﺰ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﺳﻴﻛﻴﻢ ﻭﻚﻡ ﺗﺳﻞﺮ ﻤ ﻭﺒﻘﻴﻜﺎ ﺂﻛﺎﻡ ﺆﻦﺭﺪﻭﺆﺟﻴﻢ ﺤﺘﻣ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﻚﻠﻌﺎﻛﻞ ﻚﺳﻜﻢ‪ 1978:‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 01:‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﺤﺪﺪﺉ ﻛﺟﺎﻝ ﺗﺲﺒﻴﻘﻟ ﺒﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺆﺳﻍ ﻭﻠﺤﺪﺪ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﺆﻚﻭﺆﺟﺒﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﻠﺨﺿﻍ ﻚﻞﺎ ﻛﻘﺎﺒﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺆﻚﺤﻘﻭﻖ ﻛﻞﻛﺎ‬
‫ﻙﺎﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﺴ ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﻠﻜﺘﻛﻡ ﺄﻚﻴﻟ ﻤ ﻭﻝﻜﺎ ﺗﻭﺤﻴﺪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﻋﻴﻥ ﻤ ﻭﻚﻜﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﻭﺆﻜﻴﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺲﺒﻘﻢ ﻋﻥ ﻛﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﻋﺎﺉ ﺒﻘﻴﺉ ﻛﺤﺘﻒﺳﻢ ﺒﻜﺳﺮﺈ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺘﻛﻴﻴﺰ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﻋﻴﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻤ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺳﻭﻡ ‪ :59/85 :‬ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﺆﻚﻜﻛﻭﺫﺟﻡ ﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻤ‬
‫ﻚﺫﺆ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺷﺒﻜﻢ ﻚﺘﺼﻜﻴﻒ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺎﺼﺇ ﻚﻜﻧ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﻋﻴﻥ ﻭﺤﺼﺮﻝﺎ ﻑﻡ ‪ 20‬ﻛﻜﺼﺇ ﻤ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 68 :‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﺗﺿﻛﻥ ﺂﻗﺳﺎﻡ ﻭﺂﺬﻗﺎﻡ ﺆﺳﺘﺪﻦﻚﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﺳﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻣ‬
‫ﻙﻞ ﺆﻚﻘﺲﺎﻋﺎﺉ ﻤ ﻚﻜﻥ ﺒﻘﻡ ﺆﻚﺘﻛﻴﻴﺰ ﻑﻴﻛﺎ ﻠﺨﺰ ﺆﻚﺮﻭﺆﺗﺇ ﻭﺆﻷﺟﻭﺬ ﻤ ﻭﺂﺨﻴﺮﺆ ﺼﺪﺬ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ‪ :03/06:‬ﺆﻚﻛﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺒﺎﻚﻭﺳﻴﻒﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻑﻡ ﻛﺎﺪﺗﻟ ‪ ): 02:‬ﻠﺲﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﻛﻭﺳﻒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﺫﻠﻥ ﻠﻛﺎﺬﺳﻭﻥ ﻜﺷﺎﺲﻞﻡ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢﻤ ﻭﻠﻘﺼﺪ ﺒﺎﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻙﺰﻠﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺼﺎﻚﺢ ﻎﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﻛﺮﻙﺰﺈ ﺆﻚﺘﺎﺒﻌﻢ ﻚﻞﺎ ﻭﺆﻚﺟﻛﺎﻋﺎﺉ ﺆﻹﻗﻠﻴﻛﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﺫﺆﺉ‬

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 ‫ﺆﻚﺲﺎﺒﻍ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﺫﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺲﺎﺒﻍ ﺆﻚﻌﻠﻛﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﺜﻘﺎﻑﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﻞﻜﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﺫﺆﺉ ﺆﻚﺲﺎﺒﻍ ﺆﻚﻌﻠﻛﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻜﻜﻭﻚﻭﺟﻡ ﻭﻙﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺃﺳﺳﻢ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﺆﻥ ﻠﺨﺿﻍ ﻛﺳﺘﺨﺪﻛﻭﻝﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻷﺳﺎﺳﻡ (‪.‬ﻤﻭﻠﺲﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﻡ ﻛﺼﺲﻠﺢ ﻛﻭﺳﻒﻭﻥ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻴﻭﻥ ﻤ ﻭﺗﺨﺮﺋ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻛﻥ ﻛﺟﺎﻝ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻠﺲﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﻡ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻞﻤ‬
‫*‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺷﺮﺴ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ ‪ 800 :‬ﻛﻥ ﻖ ﺆ ﻡ ﺆ ‪ :‬ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺒﻠﺪﻠﻢ ﻭﻝ ﻛﺃﺳﺳﻢ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﺫﺆﺉ ﺲﺎﺒﻍ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﺲﺮﻑﺎ ﻑﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻜﺰﺆﺴ ﻤ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻛﻜﺎﺭﻋﻢ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻭﻠﻜﺳﺮ ﻑﻴﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻱ ﻭﻛﺎ ﻋﺪﺆ ﺫﻚﻚ ﺗﺨﺿﻍ ﻚﻠﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -*3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺷﺄ ﺒﻘﺼﺪ ﺗﻭﺟﻴﻟ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﻛﻞﻜﻡ ﻛﻌﻴﻥ ﻤ ﻭﺗﺪﺆﺬ ﻛﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﺟﻛﻭﻋﻢ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺨﺮﺲﻴﻥ ﻑﻴﻞﺎ ﻭﺗﺘﺨﺫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺆﻚﺘﻜﺳﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻜﻘﺎﺒﻡ ﻭﻠﺷﺮﻒ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺗﺳﻴﻴﺮﻝﺎ ﻛﺟﻠﺮ ﻛﻜﺘﺨﺇ ﻤ ﻭﻠﺪﺨﻞ ﺗﺤﺉ ﻝﺫﺆ ﺆﻚﻭﺼﻒ ﻜﻘﺎﺒﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﺎﻛﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﺫﻱ ﻠﻜﺳﻡ ﻛﻞﻜﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﺎﻛﺎﺈ )ﻖ ‪ (07/13‬ﻤ ﻭﺗﺘﻛﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻙﻭﻜﻞﺎ ﻛﺟﻛﻭﺴ ﺄﺟﺒﺎﺬﻱ ﺂﻱ ﻠﻜﺳﻡ ﺄﻚﻴﻟ ﺂﺼﺤﺎﺇ ﺆﻚﻛﻞﻜﻢ ﻗﺼﺮﺆ ﺂﻭ ﺒﻘﻭﺈ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﻤ ﻭﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺷﺮﺲﺎ ﻛﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﺲ ﻛﺰﺆﻭﻚﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻞﻜﻢ ‪ :‬ﺂﻥ ﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﺳﺟﻧ ﻑﻡ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺆﻚﺤﺎﻛﻴﻥ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﺆﻷﻛﺮ ﺒﺎﻚﻜﺳﺒﻢ ﻚﻠﺼﺤﺎﻑﻴﻴﻥ ‪ :‬ﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﺳﺟﻞ ﻑﻡ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺆﻚﻘﻴﺪ ﻑﻡ ﻜﻘﺎﺒﻢ ﺆﻚﺼﺤﺎﻑﻴﻴﻥﻤ ﻭﺆﻚﻞﺪﻒ ﻛﻥ ﺄﻜﺷﺎﻥﻞﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻜﺳﻡ ﺒﻌﺱ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻛﻞﻥ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻋﻥ ﺲﺮﻠﻖ ﺂﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﻛﻞﻜﻢ ﺂﻜﻒﺳﻞﻡﻤ ﻑﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﻛﻞﻜﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﺎﻛﻴﻥ ‪ :07/13:‬ﻠﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺂﻋﻛﺎﻚﻞﺎ ﻛﻥ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺆﻚﻘﺮﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﻛﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺆﺬ ﺆﻹﻎﻒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﺘﺄﺪﻠﺇ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻦﻜﺿﻛﺎﻡ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻚﺘﺳﺟﻴﻞ ﺁﻭ ﺆﻚﺷﺲﺇ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﻠﺲﻌﻥ ﻑﻡ ﻗﺮﺆﺬﺆﺗﻞﺎ ﺂﻛﺎﻡ ﻛﺟﻠﺮ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻷﻜﻞﺎ ﻛﻜﺳﻛﻢ ﻭﺲﻜﻴﻢ ‪ :‬ﻦﻥ ﺂﺤﻜﺎﻛﻞﺎ‬
‫ﺆﺒﺘﺪﺆﻥﻴﻢ ﻭﻜﻞﺎﻥﻴﻢ ‪.‬ﻤ ﻑﺎﻦﻜﺿﻛﺎﻡ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺳﻛﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﻞﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺟﻭﺒﺎﻤ ﻑﻡ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺆﻦﻜﺿﻛﺎﻡ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺆﻚﻜﻘﺎﺒﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﺎﻚﻴﻢ ﺆﺨﺘﻴﺎﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻡ ﻤ‬ ‫‪ -*4‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻝﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻛﺎﺬﺮ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻡ ﻭﻠﺤﻘﻖ ﺂﻝﺪﺆﻒ ﺆﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻠﺳﺘﻞﺪﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺂﻝﺪﺆﻒ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﺆﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻭﺄﺷﺒﺎﺴ ﺤﺎﺟﺎﺉ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﺆﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﻛﺜﻞ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﺘﺮﻑﻴﻞﻴﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻡ ﻭﻠﺨﺿﻍ ﻚﻛﺰﻠﺞ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﺨﺎﺰ ﻤ ﻑﻛﺜﻧ ﻗﺎﻜﻭﻥ ‪ :08/08‬ﺆﻚﻛﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺒﻛﻜﺎﺭﻋﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻡ ‪ :‬ﻗﺳﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺎﺭﻋﺎﺉ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺂﻗﺳﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻛﻜﺎﺭﻋﺎﺉ ﺲﺒﻴﻢ )ﺗﻘﻜﻴﻢ(ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻜﺎﺭﻋﺎﺉ ﻋﺎﻛﻢﻤ ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺰ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﺎﻙﻡ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ ﺒﺟﺰﺀ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺎﺭﻋﺎﺉ ﻛﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺆﺬﺆﺉ ﻚﺟﺎﻥ ﺆﻚﻌﺟﺰ ﻤ ﻭﻙﺫﻚﻚ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﻜﺎﺭﻋﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﻥﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﺆﻦﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻡ‪.‬ﻤ ﺒﻴﻜﻛﺎ ﻠﺨﺘﺰ ﻑﻡ ﺒﺎﻗﻡ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﻠﺎ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ‪ :‬ﻭﻠﻘﺳﻡ‬
‫ﺄﻚﻣ ‪ -*1 :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﻠﺷﻛﻞ ﻜﺷﺎﺲﻟ ﻙﻞ ﺄﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻙﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﺪﻑﺎﺴ ﻭﺆﻷﻛﻥ ﻭﺆﻚﺼﺤﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﺒﺮﻠﺪ ‪...‬ﺆﻚﺦﻤ ﻑﻞﻡ ﺗﺨﺿﻍ‬
‫ﻚﻠﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻙﺰﻠﻢ ﺳﻭﺆﺀ ﻋﻥ ﺲﺮﻠﻖ ﺆﻚﻭﺭﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻭ ﻛﻛﺜﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺘﻭﻯ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻠﻡ ﻤ ﻭﺫﻚﻚ ﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﻒﻌﻞﺎ ﻭﺆﺳﻍ ﻭﻠﺷﻛﻞ ﻙﻞ ﺆﻷﻗﺎﻚﻴﻡ ﻭﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺆﻚﻛﺳﺎﻭﺆﺈ‬
‫ﻑﻡ ﺗﻭﺭﻠﻍ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺳﺃﻭﻚﻴﻢ ﺗﺘﺤﻛﻠﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -*2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻜﺷﺎﺲﺎﺗﻞﺎ ﺒﺘﻘﺪﻠﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﻛﻌﻴﻥ ﻙﺎﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻚﺒﻠﺪﻠﻢ ﺂﻱ ﻠﺘﻛﺘﻍ ﻛﻥ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺆﻹﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﻤ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺷﺮﻒ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺗﻟ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻧﻛﺮﻙﺰﻠﻢ ﺂﻱ ﺆﻚﻛﺤﻠﻴﻢ ﻤ ﻙﺎﻚﻜﻘﻞ ﺆﻚﻭﻦﻥﻡ ﻤ ﻑﻘﺎﻜﻭﻥ ﺆﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﺪﺈ‪ 146:‬ﻛﻜﻟ‪ :‬ﻠﻛﻜﻥ ﻚﻠﻛﺟﻠﺮ ﺆﻚﺷﻌﺒﻡ ﺆﻚﻭﻦﻥﻡ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻠﻜﺷﻺ ﻛﺃﺳﺳﺎﺉ ﻋﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ ﻭﻦﻥﻴﻢ ﺗﺘﻛﺘﻍ ﺒﺎﻚﺷﺨﺼﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻌﻜﻭﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﻦﺳﺘﻘﻧﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺎﻝ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺗﺳﻴﻴﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺼﺎﻚﺢ ﺆﻚﻌﻛﻭﻛﻴﻢ‪.‬ﻤ ﻭﺗﻜﺷﻺ ﺆﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺂﻭ ﺼﻜﺎﻋﻴﻢ ﺂﻭ ﺆﻗﺘﺼﺎﺪﻠﻢ ﻤ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺨﺪﻛﺎﺉ ﻑﻡ ﺄﺲﺎﺬ ﺄﻗﻠﻴﻛﻡ ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺄﻜﺘﺎﺋ ﺆﻚﻜﻞﺮﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻢ ﺆﻚﻛﻴﺎﻩ ‪...‬ﺆﻚﺦ ﻭﺆﻚﻛﺳﺃﻭﻚﻴﻢ ﻠﺘﺤﻛﻠﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﻭﺆﺀ ﻙﺎﻜﺉ ﻭﻦﻠﻢ ﺆﻭ ﺒﻠﺪﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﺰﺍﻡ ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻜﻘﺳﻡ ﺄﻚﻣ ﻜﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻭﻝﻛﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪*1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﻝﻡ ﺆﻚﺘﻡ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺆﻚﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﺒﺈﻜﺷﺎﻥﻞﺎ ﻙﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻘﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺆﻚﺪﻑﺎﺴ ﻭﺆﻷﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺪﺆﺨﻠﻡ ﻭﺆﻚﺨﺎﺬﺟﻡﻤ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺄﺟﺒﺎﺬﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﺒﺲ ﺒﺳﻴﺎﺪﺈ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻛﺟﺒﺮﺈ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺄﻜﺷﺎﻥﻞﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -*2‬ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﻚﻺﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻠﺮﻠﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺄﻜﺷﺎﻥﻞﺎ ﻤ ﺂﻱ ﺤﺮﺈ ﻑﻡ ﺄﻜﺷﺎﻥﻞﺎﻤ ﻭﻚﻺﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺳﻠﺲﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻠﺮﻠﻢ ﻭﺆﺳﻌﻢ ﻑﻡ ﺆﺨﺘﻴﺎﺬ ﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻜﻭﺴ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺨﺪﻛﻢ ﻭﻙﻴﻒﻴﻢ ﺄﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻭﻚﻞﺎ ﺆﻚﺤﻖ ﻑﻡ ﺄﻚﻏﺎﻥﻟﻤ ﻛﺘﻣ ﺬﺂﺉ ﺂﻥ ﻝﻜﺎﻚ ﻛﺼﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ ﺛﻡ ﻦ ﻠﻛﻠﻚ ﺆﻷﻑﺮﺆﺪ ﺄﺬﻎﺎﻡ ﺆﻹﺪﺆﺬﺈ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺄﻜﺷﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺆﻚﻭﻦﻠﻢ ‪ :‬ﻙﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﻚﺿﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺳﺎﻋﺪﺈ ﺆﻚﺲﻒﻭﻚﻢ ﺂﻭ ﻛﻜﺷﺎﺉ ﺗﺮﻑﻴﻞﻴﻢ ﺂ ﻭ ﺬﻠﺎﺿﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻭ ﻋﻠﻣ ﺄﻚﻏﺎﻥﻟﻤ ﻭﻛﺜﺎﻝ ﺫﻚﻚ ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻑﻖ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺆﺟﺘﻛﺎﻋﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺷﺄﻝﺎ‬

‫*‪ -‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺗﺴﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻙﻛﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺆﻚﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺂﻥ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺆﻚﻌﺎﻛﻢ ﻛﺨﺘﻠﻒﻢ ﻭﻚﺫﻚﻚ ﻛﻥ ﺆﻚﺲﺒﻴﻌﻡ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺂﺳﺎﻚﻴﺇ ﺗﺳﻴﻴﺮﻝﺎ ﻤ ﻑﻛﺎ ﺼﻠﺢ ﻚﻛﺮﻑﻖ‬
‫ﻦ ﻠﺼﻠﺢ ﻷﺨﺮ ﻤ ﻭﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻥ ﺤﻴﺊ ﻋﻧﻗﺘﻞﺎ ﺒﺎﻚﺟﺎﻜﺇ ﺆﻚﺳﻴﺎﺪﻱ ﻚﻠﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻤ ﻑﺈﺫﺆ ﻙﺎﻥ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻭﺆﺤﺪ ﻛﻘﺘﺼﺮﺆ ﻋﻠﻣ ﻗﺲﺎﺴ ﻭﺆﺤﺪﻤ ﻑﻞﻜﺎﻚ ﺲﺮﻠﻘﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺆﺤﺪﺈ ﻤ ﻑﻞﻡ ﺲﺮﻠﻘﻢ ﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮﺈ ﻭﻚﻜﻥ ﻚﻛﺎ ﻙﺎﻥ ﻜﺷﺎﺲ ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻛﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺟﺇ ﺆﻚﺘﻒﻜﻴﺮ ﻑﻡ ﺲﺮﻖ ﺂﺨﺮﻯ ﻤ ﻭﻛﻥ ﺛﻡ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻥ ﺤﻴﺊ ﻭﺿﻍ‬
‫ﺆﻚﺪﻭﻚﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻞﺎ ﺂﺤﻴﺎﻜﺎﻤ ﺗﺤﺘﻜﺮ ﺆﻚﻛﺮﺆﻑﻖ ﺒﺘﺘﺒﻌﻞﺎ ﺂﺳﻠﻭﺇ ﺆﻦﺳﺘﻏﻧﻝ ﺆﻚﻛﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﺂﺤﻴﺎﻜﺎ ﺗﺳﻜﺪ ﻛﻞﻛﻢ ﺆﻚﺘﺳﻴﻴﺮ ﺄﻚﻣ ﺂﺷﺨﺎﺰ ﺁﺨﺮﻠﻥ ﻤ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻛﺎ ﻠﻌﺮﻒ‬
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 ‫ﺒﺄﺳﻠﻭﺇ ﺆﻦﻛﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻜﺳﺮﺆ ﻚﻠﻛﻜﺎﻑﺳﻢ ﺳﻞﺮ ﺂﺳﻠﻭﺇ ﺆﻚﺘﻒﻭﻠﺱ‪.‬‬

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