Republic of the Philippines

BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY

La Trinidad Campus
Km 6 La Trinidad, Benguet
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

ABE165-Tractors and Agricultural Equipment Operation

Laboratory Exercise

Name: Bumatang, Ciara Date Due: March 3, 2023

Colay-an, Raven Date Submitted: March 3, 2023
Ocbos, Jimson
Lab Schedule: Friday 9-12:00nn

IRRIGATION PUMP

I. INTRODUCTION

During dry season, the main problem faced by farmers is limited water supply. Farmers
who are facing such problem often use pump for supplying water for their crops. Irrigation pumps
are used to pump water from a lower to a higher level from which the water then flows through
channels to the fields requiring irrigation. They play a fundamental part in agriculture as they move
water from its source to the fields and crops.

II. OBJECTIVES

1. To draw and label the parts of irrigation pump;

2. To define the parts of an irrigation pump; and
3. To identify the step-by-step procedure of operating an irrigation pump and safety precautions/
operations;
4. To enumerate and describe the troubles, causes, and remedies/solutions of irrigation pump;
and
5. To understand the proper care and maintenance of an irrigation pump.

III. MATERIALS

Internet resources, devices (i.e. cellphone, laptop, etc.), appropriate references (book, journal, e-book, e-
journal etc.) and drawing paraphernalia.
IV. PROCEDURE

a. Draw an irrigation pump and label the parts;

b. Enumerate and define the different parts (complete) of the irrigation pump;
c. Identify the different types of irrigation pump, and classify the uses;
d. Discuss the step-by-step procedure of operating irrigation pump;
e. Enumerate the safety precautions/operations of irrigation pump (provide pictures with labels)
and discuss the importance of knowing the safety operation of irrigation pump;
f. Enumerate and describe the possible troubles, causes, and remedy/solution of irrigation pump;
g. Enumerate and discuss the proper care and maintenance of irrigation pump

V. DISCUSSION

IRRIGATION PUMP

PARTS OF AN IRRIGATION PUMP

Figure 1: Parts of Centrifugal Pump

Figure 2: Parts of Positive Displacement/ Reciprocating Pump

Table 1: Main Parts and Function of Centrifugal Pump
MAIN PARTS FUNCTION
Impeller The physical object that rotates and imparts motion to the fluid.

Pump Housing Provides external walls for the fluid to push against.

Motor Converts the energy source (electric energy, heat from internal combustion)
into rotational motion which powers the pump.

Pump Shaft Connects the motor and impeller and transmits torque to the impeller

Table 2: Main Parts and Function of Piston Displacement Pump/Reciprocating Pump

MAIN PARTS FUNCTION
Piston and The reciprocating pump’s most important components are the piston
Piston Rod and piston rod. A piston is a piece of solid metal. It suctions the fluid by
moving back and forth inside the cylinder.

Air Vessel The discharge and suction pipes are attached to this reciprocating
component. Friction heads are no longer required. It also ensures a
consistent discharge rate.

Strainer A filter at the suction pipe’s end prevents solid particles from the water
supply from entering the cylinder. Solid particles will obstruct delivery
otherwise. It functions as a mesh, allowing all dirt, dust particles, and
other debris to be filtered out of the sump.

Connecting Rod The piston and the crankshaft are linked via the pressure valve. The
piston is connected to the crankshaft via this component of the pump.
Crank The positive displacement pump’s crankshaft is a critical component. It’s
a solid disc with a connecting rod that links it to the piston. The
electrical motor is directly linked to the crank.
Delivery Pump Fluids are delivered from the pump cylinder to the desired height or
position using the delivery pipe. It is directly connected to the piston
pump’s cylinder delivery valve.
Cylinder The pump cylinder is made from either cast iron or alloy steel. In the
pump cylinder, the piston rod and piston are arranged. The suction
valve’s liquid sucks into the cylinder.
Pressure Valve The discharge valve is one of the reciprocating pump’s most important
components. It also functions as a one-way valve. The delivery pipe and
the cylinder are connected by this valve.
Suction Pipe Water is drawn from the storage tank into the pump cylinder through
 the suction hose. The inlet valve is connected to the reservoir via this
portion of the reciprocating pump.
Suction Valve It includes the reciprocating pump’s most important components. The
intake or suction valve is a one-way valve. In other words, this sort of
valve only allows one-way flow. Between the cylinder and the suction
pipe, the suction valve is inserted.
Motor Converts the energy source (electric energy, heat from internal combustion)
into rotational motion which powers the pump.

TYPES OF IRRIGATION PUMP

1. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP

Makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that trapped
volume into the discharge pipe. A positive displacement pump has an expanding fluid
cavity on the suction side of the pump, and a shrinking fluid cavity on the discharge side
of the pump.

1a. Reciprocating Pump

A reciprocating pump is a mechanical device that converts hydraulic energy from
mechanical energy into a fluid (pressure energy). The fluid is pumped from one area
to another using a piston or plunger. A reciprocating pump is often known as a
piston pump since it employs a piston or plunger for pumping functions. Flow is
established inside a cavity that expands and contracts, such as a piston. Water moves into
the cavity during expansion, and is forced out during contraction, while the flow direction
is controlled by using check valves.

1b. Rotary Pump

This pump type uses a rotor that traps water in cavities, releasing it at the outlet.
These cavities can be the spaces between gear teeth or screw threads, among other
configurations.

2. CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
This pump uses an impeller, which has curved blades that accelerate the fluid outward the
when rotating. Impellers are normally driven by an electric motor or combustion engine,
and their movement produces suction at the pump inlet, pulling water inside.

2a. Axial Flow Pump

Also known as a propeller pump, it produces water flow along the impeller shaft
direction. Type of pump which develop most of the suction and discharge head by propelling or
lifting action of the impeller vanes on the water
 2b. Radial Flow Pump
This pump type produces flow in a direction perpendicular to the shaft (90° angle).

2c. Mixed Flow Pump

Type of pump which combines some of the features of both centrifugal and the axial flow
pump and in which head is developed partly by the centrifugal force and partly by the lift of the
vanes on the water. This pump type combines radial and axial flow, producing a conical
flow pattern around the shaft.

STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE OF OPERATING IRRIGATION PUMP

STANDARD CENTRIFUGAL PUMP OERATION

Step 1: Open the suction valve

Step 2: Open any coolant lines present in the pump system
Step 3: Depending on system conditions, you can fully or partially open the exhaust
valve
Step 4: Start the driver
Step 5: Open the relief valve slowly until the pump reaches the desired flow
Step 6: Check the pressure gauge to make sure the pump reaches the correct discharge
pressure
Step 8: Monitor the operation of the pump

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS/OPERATIONS OF IRRIGATION PUMP

1. Read and follow directions in the owner's manual for each piece of equipment, paying
particular attention to the safety precautions and features listed.
2. Disconnect electric power before servicing a machine by personally shutting off and locking
the master control.
3. Keep all guards and shields in place, especially those covering power-take-off units.
4. Keep away from moving parts when equipment is in operation.
5. If the pump is a gas pump, remember that it emits carbon monoxide as it runs. Don’t run the
engine indoors.
6. Keep your pump out of the reach of children, or keep your children away from the pump.
POSSIBLE TROUBLES, CAUSES, AND REMEDY/SOLUTION OF IRRIGATION
PUMP

Table 3: Irrigation Pump Troubleshooting

POSSIBLE TROUBLES/
PROBLEMS
Irrigation Pump Motor -Improperly wired (Check wiring against diagram on
Won’t Turn On
Pump will not prime
Pump leaks at shaft
Loss of suction
Pump will not deliver water -No priming water in casing (Fill pump casing)
or develop pressure
Little or no discharge
Motor Overheats and Shuts -Motor voltage does not match power supply voltage (Check
Off (Overload)
REMEDY/SOLUTION
motor)
-Stone or foreign object lodged in impeller (Dismantle
pump and remove foreign object)
-Motor shorted out (Replace motor)
-Mechanical seal leaking (Replace mechanical seal)
-Leak in suction line (Repair or replace)
-Suction line or valve is closed (Open)
-Foot valve or check valve is leaking (Replace valve)
-Worn mechanical seal (Replace mechanical seal) -Mounting
plate or foundation not rigid enough
(Reinforce)
-Foreign material in pump (Dismantle pump and clean)
-Impeller damaged (Replace impeller)
-Worn motor bearings (Replace bearings)
-Air leak in suction line (Repair & replace)
-Clogged foot valve check valve or strainer (Unclog)
-Defective foot valve or check valve (Replace)
-Mechanical seal leaking (Replace mechanical seal)
-Leak in suction line (Repair or replace)
-Discharge line is closed and priming air has nowhere to go
(Open)
-Pump is down (Replace worn parts)
-Foot valve or check valve is leaking (Replace valve)
-Casing not initially filled with water. (Fill pump casing)
-Suction line or too long (Lower suction lift, install foot valve
and prime, or shorten length of suction line)
-Foot valve or suction line not submerged deep enough in water
(Submerge lower in water‐ ‐ at least 3 feet)
-Impeller damaged (Replace impeller)
-Suction piping too small (Increase to pump inlet size or one
size larger)
-Motor wired incorrectly (Check wiring diagram)
-Casing gasket or "O" ring leaking (Replace)
motor connection against wiring diagram on the motor
nameplate and against the power supply voltage)
-Impeller is rubbing against pump case or not turning freely
(Dismantle pump, unclog or replace the impeller)
PROPER CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION PUMP

1. Protect electric motors from overload, overheating, overvoltage

2. Periodically check the system for any loose or missing bolts, which could cause collapse of the
equipment.
3. Never run an overheated pump. If your pump overheats, turn it off immediately, and allow it
to return to air temperature.
4. Never use a pump for fluids for which it was not intended nor designed. The two most
dangerous cases are using a water pump for corrosive or flammable fluids, such as acid or
gasoline, and using a pump for fluids that are too viscous for the pump to safely transport.
5. Always keep your pump at least 3 feet away from walls and other equipment during operation.
This allows the pump’s motor or engine to ventilate properly, and avoids turning the pump into a
fire hazard if it overheats.

VI. CONCLUSION

Water pumps play a fundamental role in agriculture. They allow water to reach fields and
crops for irrigation in the most effective way possible. Using a water pump provides flexibility
with irrigation when it comes to field size and the types of crops planted. It also helps conserve
water more efficiently than sprinklers, providing the best watering results for your
crops. Irrigation pump are one of the most important machinery and equipment in the field of
agriculture.

REFERENCE

Harrison, K. (n.d.). Safety Tips and Devices for Irrigation Equipment. Retrieved from National
Corn Handbook: https://engineering.purdue.edu/~abe325/RESOURCES/Safety%20Tips
%20and%20Safety%20Devices%20for%20Irrigation%20Equipment.pdf
Hermida, I. (2020, November 18). Water Pump Uses and Benefits. Retrieved from
TOMAHAWK: https://tomahawk-power.com/blogs/articles/water-pumps-uses-and-
benefits
Hurlbatt, M. (2016, April 13). 9 Tips for Water Pump Safety. Retrieved from PUMP
SOLUTIONS: https://pumpsolutions.com.au/9-tips-for-water-pump-safety/
Linquip. (2022, May 22). 10 Parts of Reciprocating Pumps + Function, Application and
Working. Retrieved from Linquip Technews: https://www.linquip.com/blog/parts-of-
reciprocating-pumps/
Linquip. (2022, June 13). 8 main Parts of Piston Pump and Function + Work & PDF. Retrieved
from LInquip Technews: https://www.linquip.com/blog/parts-of-piston-pump/
Thai Khung Technology Trading. (n.d.). Standard centrifugal pump operation procedure to
ensure safety. Retrieved from THAI KHUONG TECHNOLOGY TRADING CO., LTD:
https://thaikhuongpump.com/en/centrifugal-pumps/centrifugal-pump-operation/