MANUSCRIPT

101: Part 2
Instruction:
1. Write/Create the scope and delimitation, significance of the study and review of related
literature.
* Scope and delimitation must be specific. You must put what are the coverage of your
paper, the time you need to analyze the data, the situation the researcher and
respondents are facing write now and many more. It must be in a paragraph form (at
least 2).
* Significance of the study must only include the important people or agencies of your
study. Avoid putting unnecessary individuals.
* Write at least 20 review of related literature. If it can’t fit on the provided space for the
paper, you can use extra sheet that you have. Follow proper citation (ANNEX A).
2. Consultation must be made prior to the writing.
3. Always use the sample research as your guide (ANNEX B).
4. Follow the proper guidelines in making the manuscript.
5. Plagiarism will be check by your teacher. You must have less than 20 % score of
plagiarism in order for your paper/manuscript to be accepted.
6. You can use ANNEX C as your draft paper before you finalize your manuscript.
7. Strictly, ERASURES ARE NOT ALLOWED.
8. Manuscript will be evaluated by a rubric.

Rubric for Manuscript

Criterion Needs
Excellent (10) Good (8) Satisfactory (6)
Improvement (4)

Manuscript show
Organization Manuscript is disorganized and
Manuscript is well- organized Manuscript is organized but organization but has several
the flow of information and
and structured. lacks certain key elements. portions that are not
arguments are confusing.
relevant.

Explanations or facts Explanations or facts

Accuracy Explanations or facts
presented/cited are presented/cited show a Explanations or facts presented or
presented/cited show some
significant number of cited are all misconceptions.
inaccuracies.
100% accurate. inaccuracies.

Arguments and explanations Arguments presented are

Presentation of Arguments or The arguments and
presented are clear, valid, and clear, valid, and convincing The arguments and explanations
Explanations explanations presented only
convincing. but has several flaws. presented do not in any way
partially addressed the
address the problem.
problem.
Scope and Delimitation
The scope of this study will be on a population of senior high school students, their

ability to apply mathematical skills to the real world, and the factors surrounding it. Due to the

constraints of the research, such as budget and time, the study will be focusing on the senior high

school students at Davao Central College to maintain a realistic scope, while gaining a large to

achieve accurate results. The study’s main focus will be analyzing the factors affecting the

students' ability to adapt to real-life scenarios involving mathematics.

The research study will start from the 2nd semester to the final exams in the year 2024.

That is a time frame of March 2024, to around the May 2024. To save time and effort to invest

into the research study, the study will limit the focus by excluding external factors beyond the

senior high school department and subjects unrelated to mathematics.

Significance of the study

The significance of the study is that it will affect the people involved in the field of

education.

The educators and teachers: They will gain insights into effective teaching strategies for math

familiarization.

Senior high school STEM students: This study could help them understand mathematics’ real-

life applications for academic and practical use.

School and its school board: They could obtain data for curriculum development and expansion.

Future researchers: Studying student ability and its factors in education could use the research

study as a reference for further investigations into the education and tutoring of mathematics to

students.
 Review of Related Literature

This chapter contains the related literature and studies on the application of

mathematics to the real world, effects of mathematics on the academic achievement of

students’, students’ attitude towards learning mathematics, the impact of teaching

methods in the learning outcomes of students’.

Related literature encompasses a range of materials published in diverse sources

like books, scholarly journals, magazines, newspapers, and other publications, originating

from local, national, and international sources.

Application of mathematics to the real world. Professionals in different areas

emphasize the value of using mathematics in real-life context. When learners link

mathematics to practical scenarios, they not only understand mathematic concepts more

effectively but alsoi build crucial skills for addressing real-world problems.

A research by De Corte, E. et al (2000) titled “Connecting mathematics problem

solving to the real world” emphasizes the critical link between mathematics problem-

solving and real-world applications. It highlights the importance of mathematical

modeling, a complex process involving understanding a situation, constructing a

mathematical model, interpreting outcomes, and communicating results. The study

challenges traditional approaches to word problems in mathematics education, revealing a

prevalent tendency among students to exclude real-world knowledge when solving

problems, leading to non-realistic responses. Evidence from various studies across

different countries underscores the need to shift towards a modeling perspective in

teaching mathematical problem-solving to bridge the gap between mathematics and the

real world.

The study demonstrates that current mathematics education practices often fail to

cultivate students' inclination towards genuine mathematical modeling in problem-

solving. Interventions focusing on sensitizing students to the importance of considering

real-world aspects have shown limited effectiveness. To address this issue, a shift

towards presenting more authentic, performance-based word problems is proposed. By

enhancing the authenticity of problem scenarios and encouraging students to engage in

mathematical modeling, educators can empower students to develop a more practical

understanding of mathematics in everyday contexts, fostering a deeper connection

between problem-solving and real-world applications.

According to the study conducted by Abalde, G.D. and Oco, R.M. (2023), titled

“Factors Associated with Mathematics Performance” reveals that Filipino students

encounter challenges in mathematics, impacting their performance on international

assessments and academic achievements. It delves into the variables influencing students'

adaptability in applying math to real-world scenarios. This study is focused on

understanding how students effectively apply mathematical concepts and problem-

solving skills in practical situations outside the classroom setting.

Effects of mathematics on the academic achievement of students’. Scholars

and researchers widely acknowledge the significance and impact of mathemathics on

students’ academic achievement. Mathematics proficiency is not only essential for

academic success but also play a fundamental role in problem-solving skills of the

students.

The study conducted by Kolawole, W.S. (2023) titled “Determinants of Students’

Academic Performance in Mathematics among Senior Secondary School Students in

Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria” identified that parental factors, teacher quality,

and student engagement as key influencers on academic achievement in Mathematics.

Recommendations included promoting regular class attendance, nurturing a passion for

mathematics, providing teacher training workshops, and encouraging parental

involvement to create conducive study environments at home. The study underscored the

significance of considering these factors in educational policies and interventions to

enhance students' performance in Mathematics, suggesting the need for further research

and targeted strategies to address specific disparities in academic outcomes.

The study by Sabasaje, S.N. and Oco, R.M. (2023) titled “Students' Mathematical

Skills and Performance” highlights the crucial role of mathematical skills, such as
reasoning, communication, problem-solving, and competencies, in students' academic

performance. Findings revealed that while students exhibited strong mathematical

reasoning and communication, their problem-solving abilities and overall competencies

were moderate, indicating areas for improvement. The study emphasized the importance

of these skills in understanding and applying mathematical concepts, suggesting a need

for targeted development in mathematical education. The research concluded that there is

a significant correlation between mathematical skills and mathematics performance,

recommending that students focus on enhancing their mathematical skills and teachers

receive training in additional teaching strategies to better support their students. This was

conducted in Alubijid West District schools with 175 grade 7 students, the research

aimed to assess students' mathematical skills and their correlation with mathematical

performance.

According to the study titled “Mathematics performance of students in a

Philippine State University” a study on the mathematics performance of Filipino

Education students at Cebu Tech University revealed a significant positive correlation

between students' study orientation and math GPA. The research, employing a

quantitative research design with a descriptive correlation classification, focused on

understanding student comprehension and performance in mathematics. The study

involved 52 Filipino Education students, highlighting the importance of study orientation

in influencing students' overall performance and application of mathematical concepts

(Guinocor, M. et al, 2019).

A study titled “Factors affecting achievement in mathematics at secondary level”

the research investigates the influences on students' math performance through case

studies at a public school. By conducting interviews with stakeholders and classroom

observations, the study identifies the school's provision of adequate physical resources

like classrooms, seating, outdoor spaces, and math-specific materials. The findings

emphasize the importance of a supportive school environment and sufficient resources in

enhancing students' learning and success in mathematics. The study underscores the need
for continued investment in resources to improve math teaching and learning

effectiveness, ultimately leading to better student outcomes in the subject (Mishara, G.,

2017).

A research titled “Learning Management System Satisfaction and Problem-

Solving Skills in Mathematics of Grade 11 Students” revealed that students exhibited

high satisfaction levels with the LMS and demonstrated strong problem-solving skills in

mathematics. A notable moderate correlation was observed between LMS satisfaction

and problem-solving abilities, with communication quality and overall satisfaction

significantly influencing students' problem-solving skills. This study explores the

connection between students' satisfaction with a Learning Management System (LMS)

and their problem-solving skills in mathematics, underscoring the significance of

mathematical abilities in academic performance. Conducted with 102 Grade 11 students

in the Philippines, the research employed a descriptive correlation non-experimental

approach, utilizing questionnaires for data collection and analyzing data through mean,

Pearson-r, and linear regression (Bentayao, G.L., 2024).

According to the study titled “Gender and Other Significant Factors Causing

Disparities in Senior High School Students’ Mathematics Performance” focused on

exploring the factors contributing to disparities in mathematics performance among high

school students in the Assin North District, Ghana, with a specific emphasis on gender

differences. By analyzing data from 500 final-year students in three public senior high

schools, the research investigated the impact of gender and various student-related,

teacher-related, and school-related factors on mathematics achievement. The findings

revealed that male students outperformed female students in mathematics, with

statistically significant differences noted at the .05 significance level. Additionally, the

study highlighted self-assurance and self-regard as crucial student-related factors

influencing mathematics performance alongside gender disparities. Overall, the research

underscores the importance of addressing these factors to enhance mathematics

performance and reduce disparities among high school students in the Assin North
District (Amoah, E.K., 2024).

The study titled “Exploring Factors that Hinder Senior High School Students’

Academic Performance in Mathematics” delved into the challenges affecting students'

math performance. The research identifies teacher-related factors, personal characteristics

of students, and parental influence as key elements negatively impacting academic

achievement. Students' lack of enthusiasm for mathematics, financial resources, and

learning materials are highlighted as discouraging factors. The study reveals that students'

willingness to learn significantly influences their math performance, echoing findings

from previous research. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey and mixed-methods approach

in the Kassena-Nankana Municipality, the study involved mathematics teachers, students,

academic masters, and school heads to comprehensively explore issues affecting

academic performance. The results emphasize the strong influence of parents, instructors,

and students' attitudes on academic achievement in Senior High Schools, underscoring

the need for supportive environments and encouragement to enhance students' interest

and success in mathematics (Fatawu, A., 2022).

The study by Bacong, J. et al (2023) titled “The High School Students' Struggles

and Challenges in Mathematics” explores the difficulties high school students face in

learning Mathematics, emphasizing its importance in daily life. Through qualitative

inquiry research, the study identifies students' struggles, employing methods like

horizontalizing data, creating themes, and synthesizing experiences. The findings

highlight the complexity of students' challenges, suggesting teacher influence as a

significant factor. Recommendations include enhancement and remediation programs to

address these struggles and improve Mathematics learning outcomes among Senior High

School students.

According to the study conducted by Mirabueno, J.S. and Boyon, M.L. (2020)

titled “Senior High School Academic Progression in Mathematics” this study investigates

on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Grade 9, 10, and 11 students by

analyzing test results and their correlation with academic performance. Using descriptive
and inferential research methods, data from senior high school students in a Philippine

school district were examined, focusing on NCAE, NAT, final grades in General

Mathematics and Statistics and Probability, and Logical Reasoning Test results to

establish correlation and regression models. The findings reveal significant relationships

between Grade 11 final ratings in General Mathematics, Statistics and Probability, and

NCAE Mathematical Ability, NAT, and Logical Reasoning Test results, indicating that

strong performance in these assessments is linked to higher academic achievement in

Mathematics. The study underscores the importance of improving educational standards

and teacher training to enhance student performance and address areas of concern

identified in the research.

Students’ attitude towards learning mathematics. Educators widely recognize

the importance and effects of students’ attitude in learning mathematics subject asthey

directly impact their engagement, motivation, and overall academic performance in

mathematics.

A study titled, “Factors Influencing Mathematic Problem-Solving Ability of Sixth

Grade Students” delves into what factors really make a difference in how sixth-grade

students tackle math problems. They stress how crucial skills like reasoning,

communication, problem-solving, and competencies are for students' success in school.

Their research involved over a thousand sixth graders in the 2007 academic year, using a

mix of surveys and math problem-solving tests to understand what influences students'

abilities.

The study uncovered that things like how students feel about math, their self-

esteem, how teachers teach, motivation, and self-belief all play a role in how well they

solve math problems. These factors not only directly impact problem-solving skills but

also have indirect effects. Their model explained a significant 63% of the variation in

students' math problem-solving abilities. The findings stress the importance of factors

like focus, attitude towards math, self-esteem, self-belief, and teachers' approach in

shaping students' problem-solving skills (Pimta, S. et al, 2009).

 Lynn Arthur Steen's paper (1988) titled “Mathematics for a New Century”

addresses the declining interest in pure and applicable mathematics among university and

college students. The study aims to find solutions by analyzing data from schools and

students to improve mathematics education. Findings reveal the changing role of

mathematics in society, the resistance to curriculum changes among mathematicians, and

the need to make mathematics more engaging for students with diverse interests to

prepare them for a variety of careers in a rapidly evolving world.

In the research titled “Students Mathematical Beliefs and Attitude as Predictors to

Students Mathematical Ability” investigated the predictive role of students' mathematical

beliefs and attitudes on their mathematical abilities in the New Bataan District. The

research highlighted the significance of factors such as the teacher's role, relevance of

mathematics, perceived difficulty, and level of competence in shaping students'

mathematical performance. Utilizing a quantitative and predictive-correlational research

design with regression analysis, the study involved 270 junior high school students from

eight secondary schools in the district.

The findings indicated that students' mathematical beliefs and attitudes,

particularly concerning the teacher's role, relevance of mathematics, perceived difficulty,

and level of competence, were strong predictors of their mathematical abilities in the

New Bataan District. This underscores the crucial influence of students' attitudes and

beliefs towards mathematics on their academic performance. The study concluded that

fostering positive mathematical beliefs and attitudes among students is essential for

enhancing their mathematical abilities and overall academic success in the district (Etang,

M.G. and Regidor, R.M., 2022).

The impact of teaching methods in the learning outcomes of students’.

scholars have consistently emphasized the profound influence teaching methods have on

students’ academic performance, comprehension, and overall engagement in the learning

process.

According to the study “From Modern Teaching to Mathematics Achievement:

The Mediating Role of Mathematics Attitude, Achievement Motivation, and Self-

Efficacy”, modern teaching methods impact students beyond just academics. By

exploring how new teaching approaches influence students' attitudes, motivation, and

self-belief in math, the study sheds light on the personal side of learning success.

Teaching isn't just about what's taught in class but also about nurturing students'

confidence, drive, and mindset, showing that a holistic approach to education can truly

enhance students' learning journeys (Damrongpanit, S., 2019).

A study titled, “Identifying Factors Affecting the Mathematics Achievement of

Students” states that teaching methods can impact the students’ mathematics achievement,

emphasizing the increasing importance of mathematical proficiency in the digital age.

Nowadays, advanced mathematical proficiency is a necessary skill individuals should

possess in order to succeed in today's information-driven society, underscoring the

significance of higher-order mathematical knowledge for students.

This suggests that effective instructional strategies play a crucial role in

addressing challenges related to mathematics education quality, students' perceptions of

math abilities, and overall academic achievement. This concludes that the design of

mathematics courses should align with factors crucial for enhancing mathematics

achievement, emphasizing the importance of instructional design in shaping students'

learning progress and success in mathematics (Saritas, T. and Akdemi, O., 2009).

In the research study titled “Senior High School Mathematical Learning through

Mathematics Modeling Approach” found that students showed enthusiasm and enjoyment

in learning mathematics through mathematical modeling, demonstrating their ability to

create mathematical models using their own methods. The conclusion emphasizes the

importance of promoting students' modeling literacy and integrating mathematics

modeling learning from elementary to college levels to enhance students' problem-

solving skills using relevant mathematical concepts. The research aimed to develop

mathematics modeling tasks, lesson plans, and student worksheets to facilitate valid

mathematical learning. Using a development research method, the study involved

analysis, design, and evaluation stages (Riyanto, B. and Indra Putri, R., 2019).