ɍȾɄ

ɈɥɶɝɚȾɟɦɱɭɤ Ʌɶɜɿɜ
ȾɈɉɂɌȺɇɇəɄȺɊɌɂɇɂɋȼȱɌɍ
əɄɉȺɊȺȾɂȽɆɂɌȼɈɊɑɈɋɌȱɈɆȿɋɋȱȺɇȺ
ɍɫɬɚɬɬɿɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹɫɜɿɬɨɝɥɹɞɧɿɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɢɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿɈɆɟɫɫɿ-
ɚɧɚ – ɨɞɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɣɜɢɡɧɚɱɧɿɲɢɯɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɿɜɏɏɫɬȺɪɬɢɤɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹɬɟɨ-
ɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɚɦɨɞɟɥɶɫɜɿɬɭɿɧɫɩɿɪɭɸɱɚɬɜɨɪɱɭɿɧɬɟɧɰɿɸɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ Ɉɥɿɜ¶ɽ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɦɭɡɢɱɧɚ ɬɟɨɥɨɝɿɹ
ɬɟɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɡɦȱɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɦȼɿɪɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɭ ʀʀ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɉɨɧɹɬɬɹ ©ɤɚɪ-
ɬɢɧɚɫɜɿɬɭªɡ’ɹɜɢɥɨɫɹɳɟɧɚɩɨɱɚɬɤɭɏ9ȱȱȱɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹɨɞɧɚɤɞɨɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɢ ɏȱɏ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɜɨɧɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɟɩɿɡɨɞɢɱɧɨ Ʌɢɲɟ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ
ɏȱɏ – ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɏɏ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɩɪɨ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɫɜɿɬɭª ɛɿɥɶɲ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ
ɫɬɚɥɢɦɿɪɤɭɜɚɬɢɮɿɡɢɤɢ ©Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɚɫɜɿɬɭªɹɤɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɩɨɫɬɚɽ
ɭɩɪɚɰɿ©ɉɪɢɫɦɟɪɤȯɜɪɨɩɢªɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɨɝɨɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚɿɫɬɨɪɢɤɚɿɤɭɥɶɬɭ-
ɪɨɥɨɝɚ Ɉ. ɒɩɟɧɝɥɟɪ ɹɤɢɣ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɫɜɿɬɭª ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟ
ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɟ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ Ʌɸɞɢɧɨɸ ɫɜɿɬɭ >@. ȼ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ©ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɫɜɿɬɭª ɚɛɨ ɠ ©ɦɨ-
ɞɟɥɶɫɜɿɬɭªɧɚɞɭɦɤɭɌɄɭɛɚɧɨɜɨʀɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹɹɤɩɟɜɧɚɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ
ɪɟɚɥɿɫɬɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɹɤɨʀ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɚ ɿ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ
ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɟɥɿɬɚɪɧɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɨʀ ɿ ɩɟɜɧɨɸ ɦɿɪɨɸ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɫɭɛ-
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɳɨ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɡɛɟɪɟɝɥɢɫɹ ɬɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɬɶ ɧɚ
ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɭɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭɜɫɿɽʀɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɭɹɜɢɩɪɨɫɜɿɬ>ɫ@
Ɉɬɨɠ ɹɤ ɛɚɱɢɦɨ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ©ɦɟɪɟɠɭ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬª ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨ-
ɝɨɸ ɹɤɨʀ ɧɨɫɿʀ ɩɟɜɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶ ɿ ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶ ɫɜɿɬ
ɦɚɥɸɸɬɶɣɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡȼɚɠɥɢɜɨɳɨɰɟɰɿɥɿɫɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɡɯɨɱɚɜɿɧɡɧɚɱ-
ɧɨɸɦɿɪɨɸɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɜɿɞɫɜɿɬɨɝɥɹɞɧɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɢɯɮɿɥɨɫɨ-
ɮɫɶɤɢɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɿɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɬɨɳɨ  Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ ɰɿɤɚɜɢɦ ɿ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɦ
ɫɬɚɽ ɰɟɣ ©ɰɿɥɿɫɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡª ɤɨɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɦɢ – ɬɜɨɪɱɿɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɭɡɚɝɚɞɤɨɜɨɫɬɿɿɜɢɬɨɧɱɟɧɨɫɬɿɹɤɈ. Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧɚ
Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯɞɠɟɪɟɥɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶɿɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿɣəɤ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ
ɇȽɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɚ-ɉɟɪɫɢɞɫɶɤɚɧɚɭɤɨɜɚɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹɜɏɏɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɿ– ɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɟɧɧɹɧɟɤɥɚɫɢɱɧɨʀɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀɬɟɨɪɿʀɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɨʀɦɟɯɚɧɿɤɢɧɨɜɿ
ɞɚɧɿ ɚɫɬɪɨɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɿɧ – ɜɩɥɢɧɭɥɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɭ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɡɦɿɧɢɥɚ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭɫɜɿɬɭ>ɫ@ əɤɳɨɠɩɪɨɟɤɬɭɜɚɬɢɰɟɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɭɦɢɫɬɟɰɶ-
ɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ ɬɨ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɫɜɿɬɭª ɩɨɫɬɚɽ ɛɚɡɨɜɢɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɭɸɱɢɦ
ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦɯɭɞɨɠɧɶɨ-ɦɢɫɬɟɰɶɤɨɝɨɫɜɿɬɨɛɚɱɟɧɧɹɬɚɫɜɿɬɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ

259
 ɘɑɟɤɚɧɜɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɭɽɞɨɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɿɝɭɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ©ɿɧɬɨɧɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ
ɨɛɪɚɡɫɜɿɬɭªɳɨɽɨɫɦɢɫɥɟɧɢɦɜɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɞɨɫɜɿɞɿɚɭɞɿɚɥɶɧɢɦ
ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɦɿɧɬɨɧɚɰɿɣɧɨɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɨɜɨ-ɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɢ-
ɧɭɭɦɭ ɳɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɭɽ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭ ɧɨɪɦɭ > ɫ. 10] Ɉɱɟ-
ɜɢɞɧɨ ɳɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ©ɿɧɬɨɧɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɜɿɬɭª – ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɟ ɞɥɹ
ɦɭɡɢɤɢ ɹɤ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɞɟ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿɛɭɬɬɹɚɬɚɤɨɠɟɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɿɬɚɟɦɨɰɿɣɧɿɪɢɫɢɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ
ɹɤɢɯɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɥɸɽɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹɦɭɡɢɱɧɨɝɨɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚɿɣɨɝɨɦɿɫɰɹɭɫɜɿ-
ɬɨɜɿɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɿɆɭɡɢɤɚɭɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɿɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɿɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɿɫɜɿɬɭɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ
ɫɜɨɸɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɭ©ɦɭɡɢɱɧɭɤɚɪɬɢɧɭɫɜɿɬɭªɹɤɚɽɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɸɠɚɧɪɿɜɪɨɡ-
ɦɚʀɬɬɹɦɬɜɨɪɿɜɉɪɢɰɶɨɦɭɹɤɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽɌɅɟɜɿɧɚ©ɜɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢɜɧɿɣɤɚɪ-
ɬɢɧɿɫɜɿɬɭɦɭɡɢɤɚɩɨɫɿɞɚɽɫɜɨɽɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɟɦɿɫɰɟɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɱɢɧɨɜɢɣ ɤɭɥɶ-
ɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣɿɟɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɢɣɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ– ɦɭɡɢɱɧɭɤɚɪɬɢɧɭɫɜɿɬɭª>ɫ@.
Ⱦɨ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿ Ɉ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɪɟ-
ɦɢɯɩɢɬɚɧɶɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɨ-ɟɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɡɦɿɫɬɭɡɜɟɪɬɚɥɨɫɹɛɚɝɚɬɨɞɨɫɥɿɞ-
ɧɢɤɿɜɫɟɪɟɞɹɤɢɯ– ȼȿɤɿɦɨɜɫɶɤɢɣɌ. ɁɨɥɨɡɨɜɚɊ. ɄɭɧɢɰɶɤɚɈɋɚ-
ɦɨɣɥɟɧɤɨ ɘ ɏɨɥɨɩɨɜ Ɍ ɐɚɪɟɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɚ ɬɚ ɿɧ Ƚɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ
ɞɨ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ
©Ɍɪɚɤɬɚɬɩɪɨɪɢɬɦɤɨɥɿɪɬɚɨɪɧɿɬɨɥɨɝɿɸª >@©Ɍɟɯɧɿɤɚɦɨɽʀɦɭɡɢɱ-
ɧɨʀɦɨɜɢª >@ɬɚɿɧȼɚɠɥɢɜɢɦɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀɽɬɚɤɨɠ
ɿɧɬɟɪɜ’ɸɄɥɨɞɚɋɚɦɭɟɥɹɡɈɥɿɜ’ɽɆɟɫɿɚɧɨɦ>@ɍɞɚɧɿɣɫɬɚɬɬɿɚɜɬɨɪ
ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɩɢɪɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɋ. Ⱥɹɡɛɟɤɨɜɨʀ >@ ɇ Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɨʀ-ɉɟɪ-
ɫɢɞɫɶɤɨʀ>@ɌɄɭɛɚɧɨɜɨʀ>@ ɌɅɟɜɿɧɨʀ>@ Ɍɢɦɱɚɫɨɦɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɜɢɜɱɟɧɢɦ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɽɸ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ
ɫɜɿɬɭªɳɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ
Ɇɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ – ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɫɜɿɬɭª ɹɤ ɤɚɬɟ-
ɝɨɪɿɣɧɭ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ Ɉɥɿɜ’ɽ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧɚ ɹɤɚ ɨɩɢɪɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶ-
ɧɿɫɬɶɛɚɝɚɬɨɦɿɪɧɿɫɬɶɿɛɚɝɚɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɿɫɬɶɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜɅɸɞɢɧɢɡɿɋɜɿɬɨɦ
ɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɨɸ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɽ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ
©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɫɜɿɬɭªɚɛɨ©ɨɛɪɚɡɫɜɿɬɭªɹɤɟɿɫɧɭɽɫɬɿɥɶɤɢɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɣɫɚɦɟ
ɥɸɞɫɬɜɨ ɉɨɤɚɡɨɜɨ ɳɨ ɰɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɹ ɽ ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɧɚɣɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɿɲɢɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɿʀɭ;;ɫɬɡɨɤɪɟɦɚɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɨʀɤɭɥɶɬɭ-
ɪɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀɬɚɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɨɡɧɚɜɱɨʀɄɚɪɬɢɧɚɫɜɿɬɭ– ɰɟɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɟɿɧɬɟ-
ɝɪɚɥɶɧɟɿɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɟɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɫɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿɳɨɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɞɨɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ
ɰɿɥɨɝɨ ɞɚɧɿ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɬɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ
ɡɧɚɧɧɹɜɹɤɿɣɫɜɿɬɫɯɨɩɥɸɽɬɶɫɹɭɣɨɝɨɰɿɥɿɫɧɨɫɬɿ>ɫ@
ɍ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɧɚɲɨʀ ɭɜɚɝɢ – ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ ɯɚɪɚɤ-
ɬɟɪɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɜɢɯ ȱɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɦɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɡɛɚɝɚɬɢɥɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ

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ɫɜɿɬɭ Ƚɧɨɫɟɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ ȱɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɦɚ ɽ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶ-
ɧɢɦɳɨɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɽɡɪɨɡɭɦɿɬɢɫɜɿɬɹɤɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶɹɤɦɨɞɭɫɹɤɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ
Ɍɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɸ ɡ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɪɢɫ ȱɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɦɚ ɽ ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɨɝɨ
©ɯɭɞɨɠɧɶɨɝɨ əª ɳɨ ɧɚɣɹɫɤɪɚɜɿɲɟ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɟ ɜ ɦɭɡɢɰɿ ɦɚɽ
ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɧɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɬɚɩɨɥɹɝɚɽɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɛɹɤɧɚɣɤɪɚɳɟɩɪɟɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɢȼɿɱɧɿɫɬɶȼɫɟɫɜɿɬɭ
Ɇɭɡɢɱɧɟ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɨ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɡɦɭ ɫɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɤɨɦɩɨ-
ɡɢɬɨɪɚ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɟɦɨɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ
Ʌɸɞɢɧɢȼɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɤɨɠɟɧɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ-ɤɥɚɫɢɤɦɿɪɤɭɽɩɪɨɡɦɿɫɬɛɭɬɬɹ
ɿ ɡ’ɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɦɢ ɹɤ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮ ɹɤɢɣ ɭ ɫɜɨʀɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɦɢɫ-
ɥɸɽɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀɠɢɬɬɹɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɨɦɰɶɨɝɨɽɤɚɪ-
ɬɢɧɚɫɜɿɬɭɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚɏɏɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹɈɥɿɜ’ɽɆɟɫɫɿɚɧɚ
ɹɤɚɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɜɢɹɫɤɪɚɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹɜɣɨɝɨɯɭɞɨɠɧɶɨɦɭ©əªɿɡɚɫɥɭɝɨ-
ɜɭɽɭɜɚɝɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɆɟɫɿɚɧɫɬɜɨɪɢɜɫɜɿɣɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɢɣɦɭɡɢɱɧɢɣɫɜɿɬ
ɫɜɨɸ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭ ɦɭɡɢɱɧɭ ɦɨɜɭ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɜ ɫɜɿɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ-
ɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɚɞɥɹɹɤɨɝɨɬɪɚɞɢɰɿʀɦɭɡɢɱɧɨʀɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɎɪɚɧɰɿʀɡɚɜɠɞɢɛɭɥɢ
ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ
Ɇɟɫɿɚɧɿɜɫɶɤɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɬɟɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ
ɬɨɦɭɳɨɩɪɿɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦɣɨɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿɛɭɥɢȻɨɝɬɚɪɟɥɿɝɿɹɁɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ
ɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɦɢɧɭɥɢɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ ɦɭɡɢɤɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɬɿɫɧɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɢɦ
ɤɭɥɶɬɨɦ ɍ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɿɣ ɦɭɡɢɰɿ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɞɨɦɿɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɞ ɦɢɫ-
ɬɟɰɶɤɢɦɢɚɥɟɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤɟɦɚɧɫɢɩɚɰɿʀɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɩɪɨɹɜɥɹ-
ɽɬɶɫɹɹɤɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɬɶɹɤɚɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹɦɬɟɨɥɨɝɚɃɨɡɟɮɚɊɚɬɡɿɧɝɟɪɚ
ɜɢɧɚɣɲɥɚ ɳɨɫɶ ɰɿɥɤɨɦ ɜɥɚɫɧɟ ɿ ɰɿɥɤɨɦ ɧɨɜɟ ɹɤɟ ɧɿɯɬɨ ɳɟ ɧɿɞɟ ɧɟ
ɪɨɛɢɜ ɿ ɧɟ ɞɭɦɚɜ ɪɨɛɢɬɢ > c @ ɉɨɥɶɫɶɤɢɣ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤ Ⱥɧɞɠɟɣ
Ⱦɪɚʉɭɥɚɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɳɨɞɥɹɦɢɬɰɹɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɢɣɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɜɿɞɯɨɞɢɬɶɧɚ
ɞɪɭɝɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ – ɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɜɿɞɱɭɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɱɭɬ-
ɬɽɜɢɣɞɨɫɜɿɞȼɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤɰɶɨɝɨɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɫɜɿɬɭɞɟɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɹ
ɫɜɿɬɭ ɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɱɭɬɬɹ ɋɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɩɪɢ-
ɣɦɚɽ ɩɚɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɚ ɜɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɚɦɿɧɟɧɢɣ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭ-
ɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɸɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɨɸɫɜɿɬɭ>c. 25].
©ɉɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɿɜ Ɉɥɿɜ’ɽ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧɚ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɪɟɥɿ-
ɝɿɣɧɨɸ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɸ – ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɭɽ ȼ ȿɤɿɦɨɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɇɚɥɟɠɚɱɢ ɞɨ ɛɚɝɚ-
ɬɶɨɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɿ ɠɚɧɪɿɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿ ɜɫɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɭ-
ɸɬɶɫɹ ©ɿɫɬɢɧɚɦ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɜɿɪɢª> c @ Ɍɚɤ ɦɢ ɦɨɠɟɦɨ ɜɢɫɜɿɬ-
ɥɢɬɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɿɜ ɬɟɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɤɚɪ-
ɬɢɧɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ Ɉ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧɚ – ɰɟ ȼɿɪɚ ɳɨ ɫɬɚɽ ɞɥɹ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɿ ɹɤɭ ɜɿɧ ɹɫɤɪɚɜɨ ɜɬɿɥɸɜɚɜ ɜ ɦɭɡɢɤɭ ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɜɫɶɨɝɨ
ɠɢɬɬɹ ©əɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢª ©Ɋɿɡɞɜɨ Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɧɽª ©ȼɢɞɿɧɧɹ

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ɫɥɨɜɚȺɦɿɧɶª©Ɍɪɢɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɿɥɿɬɭɪɝɿʀª©Ⱦɜɚɞɰɹɬɶɩɨɝɥɹɞɿɜɧɚ ɧɟɦɨɜɥɹ
ȱɫɭɫɚªɬɚɿɧ Ƀɨɝɨɤɪɟɞɨ: ©ɹɦɚɸɳɚɫɬɹɛɭɬɢɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɦª>ɫ@–
ɤɟɪɭɜɚɥɨ ɧɢɦ ɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɲɭɤɚɯ ɿ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɫɟɪɰɟɜɢɧɨɸ ɣɨɝɨ
ɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿɌɐɚɪɟɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɚɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɭɸɱɢɳɨɰɟɛɭɜɣɨɝɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɢɣ
ɜɢɛɿɪɿɠɟɪɬɨɜɧɟɫɥɭɠɿɧɧɹɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸɽ©ɋɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚɞɨ
ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨʀɰɟɪɤɜɢɛɭɥɨɱɢɦɨɫɶɡɧɚɱɧɨɛɿɥɶɲɢɦɧɿɠɩɪɨɫɬɚɩɪɢɧɚ-
ɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɿʀª> ɫ @ ɐɟɣ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɿɧɫɩɿɪɭɜɚɥɢ ɞɭɦɤɢ
ɫɚɦɨɝɨ Ɉ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧɚ ɍ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɿ ©Ɍɟɯɧɿɤɚ ɦɨɽʀ ɦɭɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɦɨɜɢª ɜɿɧ
ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽɳɨ©ɩɪɢɣɲɨɜɞɨ©ɿɫɬɢɧɧɨʀªɦɭɡɢɤɢɬɨɛɬɨɞɭɯɨɜɧɨʀɦɭɡɢ-
ɤɢɹɤɚɛɭɥɚɛɢɚɤɬɨɦɜɿɪɢɦɭɡɢɤɢɹɤɚɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɬɟɦɧɟ
ɩɪɢɩɢɧɹɸɱɢɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɬɢɫɹȻɨɝɚɨɞɧɢɦɫɥɨɜɨɦ, – ɞɿɣɫɧɨʀɦɭɡɢɤɢɱɢɹ
ɦɨɜɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɽɞɜɟɪɿɧɚɛɥɢɠɭɽɞɨɩɨɤɢɜɿɞɞɚɥɟɧɿɡɿɪɤɢª >ɫ@
ɉɪɚɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ ɜɢɪɚɡɢɬɢ ©ɱɭɞɨ ȼɿɪɢª > ɫ @ ɛɭɥɨ
ɬɿɫɧɨɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟɡɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɦɦɭɡɢɤɨɸɅɸɛɨɜɿɹɤɜɢɳɨɝɨɩɨɱɭɬ-
ɬɹ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɿ ɥɸɛɨɜɿ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ Ɉ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧ ɫɬɨɹɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɹɯ ɫɜ
ɉɚɜɥɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɛɚɱɢɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɿ ɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɯ ɥɢɤɿɜ
ȼɿɞɬɚɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ – ɩɟɪɲ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɫɢɥɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɪɿɣ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɪɨɡɱɢ-
ɧɢɬɢɫɹ ɰɟ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ ©ɇɿɪɜɚɧɚª ɜɬɿɦ ɧɚɣɨɫɧɨɜɧɿɲɟ – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ
ɱɭɞɟɫɧɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɿ ɰɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɛɭɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɟ
ɞɭɠɟɤɨɪɢɫɧɨɸɜɦɨʀɣɪɨɛɨɬɿ– ɜɢɡɧɚɽɆɟɫɫɿɚɧ>ɫ@
ȼɚɠɥɢɜɨɸɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɸɬɟɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɤɚɪɬɢɧɢɫɜɿɬɭɈɆɟɫɫɿɚɧɚɽ
ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɑɚɫɭɳɨɽɨɞɧɢɦɿɡ©ɧɚɣɞɢɜɧɿɲɢɯɛɨɠɢɯɬɜɨɪɿɧɶɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɜɿɧ ɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠɧɢɣ ɬɨɦɭ ɯɬɨ ɜɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɜɨʀɣ ɫɭɬɿ ɬɨɦɭ ɯɬɨ ɧɟɦɚɽ
ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɿ ɤɿɧɰɹª> ɫ @ ȼɥɚɫɧɟ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɲɭɤ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɫɬɿ
ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɥɟɣɬɦɨɬɢɜɨɦ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɨ-ɟɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧ-
ɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧ ɭ ɫɜɨʀɣ ɩɪɚɰɿ ©Ɍɪɚɤɬɚɬ ɩɪɨ ɪɢɬɦ ɤɨɥɿɪ ɬɚ
ɨɪɧɿɬɨɥɨɝɿɸªɨɩɢɪɚɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɫɜɌɨɦɢɹɤɢɣɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ
ɳɨ ©ɱɚɫ ɿ ɜɿɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɰɟ ɧɟ ɬɟ ɫɚɦɟ ɚɥɟ ɽ ɬɢɦ ɳɨ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɭɜɚɠɢɬɢ ɡ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɭɪɿɡɧɢɰɿɰɟɬɟɳɨȼɿɱɧɿɫɬɶɧɟɦɚɽɧɿɩɨɱɚɬɤɭɧɿɤɿɧɰɹɚɱɚɫ
ɦɚɽ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɿ ɤɿɧɟɰɶª > ɫ @ ɍ ɫɜɨʀɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿ Ɇɟɫɿɚɧ ɩɪɚɝɧɟ
ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɢ ɱɚɫɨɜɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɢɬɢɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɱɚɫɭ ɿ ɧɚɛɥɢɡɢɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ
ɜɿɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ʀʀ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿɣ ɩɥɨɳɢɧɿ ɐɟ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɭ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɸ ɱɚɫɨ-
ɜɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ɱɚɫ ɫɬɚɽ ɧɿɛɢ ɜɥɨɜɢɦɢɦ Ɍɚɤɢɣ ɩɿɞɯɿɞ ɞɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɱɚɫɭ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɜ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɬɢ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɟ ɑɚɫɨɦ ɹɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɽɸ ɦɨɠɧɚ
ɤɟɪɭɜɚɬɢ ©ɋɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɿɫɬɶ ɑɚɫɭ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɧɶɨɝɨ
ɦɟɪɟɠɭɜɡɚɽɦɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɹɤɿɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɪɢɬɦɨɦɑɚɫ– ɬɨɳɨ
Ɋɢɬɦ – ɬɨ ɹɤª > ɫ @ ɑɚɫ ɿ ɪɢɬɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ Ɇɟɫɿɚɧɨɦ ɿɧɧɨ-
ɜɚɰɿɣɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɧɨɜɭ ɬɟɨɪɿɸ ɪɢɬɦɭ ɹɤɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɥɚ
ɲɥɹɯɢɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɦɭɡɢɤɢɏɏɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹɚɞɠɟɦɭɡɢɤɚ– ɰɟ

262
ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɨɱɚɫɭɹɤɟɦɢɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɦɨɱɟɪɟɡɡɜɭɱɚɧɧɹɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɟɪɢɬ-
ɦɿɱɧɨ ©Ɉɫɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɭɚɰɿɹ ɪɢɬɦɭ – ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ Ⱥ Ɇɚɤɿɧɚ –
ɨɞɧɚ ɡ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɪɢɫ ɦɭɡɢɤɢ ɏɏ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɿ ɰɟɣ
©ɪɢɬɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬª ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɧɢɦɢ ɪɢɬɦɿɫ-
ɬɚɦɢ ɹɤ ȱɝɨɪ ɋɬɪɚɜɿɧɫɶɤɢɣ Ɉɥɿɜ’ɽ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧ ɿ ɉ’ɽɪ Ȼɭɥɟɡ ɡɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ
ɨɡɧɚɤɩɨɪɿɜɧɸɽɬɶɫɹɡɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɢɦɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɨɦɭɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿʀª>@
Ɂɧɚɦɟɧɧɨ ɳɨ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧɭ ɜɞɚɥɨɫɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢ ɫɜɿɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɢɣ
ɯɪɨɧɨɬɨɩ– ɱɚɫɨɩɪɨɫɬɿɪɞɥɹɹɤɨɝɨɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɚɟɧɟɪɝɿɹɧɚɩɨɜ-
ɧɟɧɚɪɢɬɦɿɱɧɨɸɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɿɽɸɉɪɨɰɟɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶɰɢɬɚɬɢɡȺɩɨɤɚɥɿɩɫɢɫɭ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧɨɦ ɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɦɨɜɿ ɞɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɝɪɚɧɞɿɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɭ
ɫɜɨɽɦɭɡɚɞɭɦɿɤɚɦɟɪɧɨ-ɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɜɨɪɭ©Ʉɜɚɪɬɟɬɧɚɤɿɧɟɰɶ
ɱɚɫɭª©ȱɩɨɛɚɱɢɜɹȺɧɝɟɥɚɫɩɨɜɧɟɧɨɝɨɫɢɥɚɦɢɳɨɫɩɭɫɤɚɜɫɹɡɧɟɛɚ
ɿ ɛɭɜ ɨɞɹɝɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɯɦɚɪɭ ɡ ɪɚɣɞɭɝɨɸ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɸ ȱ ɨɛɥɢɱɱɹ ɣɨɝɨ
ɛɭɥɨ ɹɤ ɫɨɧɰɟ ɿ ɧɨɝɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɹɤ ɜɨɝɧɹɧɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɢ ȼɿɧ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɜ
ɩɪɚɜɭɧɨɝɭɧɚɦɨɪɟɿɥɿɜɭɧɚɡɟɦɥɸɩɿɞɧɹɜɪɭɤɭɿɡɜɟɪɧɭɜɫɹɞɨɬɨɝɨ
ɯɬɨ ɠɢɜɟ ɜɨɜɿɤɢ ɜɿɤɿɜ ɿ ɫɤɚɡɚɜ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɱɚɫɭ ɚɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɡɜɭɤɚɯ
ɬɪɭɛɢ ɫɶɨɦɨɝɨ Ⱥɧɝɟɥɚ ɬɚʀɧɚ Ȼɨɠɚ ɡɜɟɪɲɢɬɶɫɹª > ɫ @ ɇɚɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɰɢɬɚɬɚɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽɳɨɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɹɱɚɫɭɽɨɞɧɿɽɸɡɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɯɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ
ɭɬɟɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɿɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɿɫɜɿɬɭɈɆɟɫɫɿɚɧɚ
ɏɭɞɨɠɧɹɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿɈɆɟɫɫɿɧɚɩɨɥɹɝɚɽɭɣɨɝɨɭɧɿɤɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɛɚɪɜ ɉɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɨ ɳɨ
ɜɿɞɱɭɬɬɹɤɨɥɶɨɪɭɦɢɬɟɰɶɱɟɪɩɚɜɳɟɡɞɢɬɹɱɢɯɜɪɚɠɟɧɶɹɤɿɡɚɥɢɲɢ-
ɥɢɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɜɿɬɪɚɠɿɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɨɛɨɪɿɜ
Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɚɽ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɹ ɿ ɥɚɞ ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ
ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɪɭɯɚɬɢɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɉɪɨ ɫɜɨʀ
ɤɨɥɶɨɪɨɡɜɭɤɨɜɿɿɞɟʀɆɟɫɫɿɚɧɩɢɫɚɜ©Ʉɨɥɢɹɫɥɭɯɚɸɱɢɤɨɥɢɹɱɢɬɚɸ
ɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɭ ɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɱɢ ʀʀ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨ ɹ ɭɹɜɥɹɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɛɚɪɜɢ
ɳɨɪɭɯɚɸɬɶɫɹɤɪɭɠɥɹɸɬɶɡɥɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɹɤɿɡɜɭɤɢɤɨɬɪɿɪɭɯɚɸɬɶɫɹ
ɤɪɭɠɥɹɸɬɶɬɚɡɥɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɡɧɢɦɢª>ɫ@ȼɣɨɝɨɬɪɚɤ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɧɿɚɤɨɪɞɢɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɜɨɽɡɚɛɚɪɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɠɟɜɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɛɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ
ɩɨɹɜɚ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɬɿɧɤɿɜ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɭ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ
ɦɟɥɨɞɿʀɧɚɡɚɛɚɪɜɥɟɧɧɹɡɜɭɤɭɜɩɥɢɜɚɽɬɟɦɛɪɬɨɝɨɱɢɿɧɲɨɝɨɿɧɫɬɪɭ-
ɦɟɧɬɭ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɠ ɩɨɫɢɥɸɽ ɱɢ ɩɨɫɥɚɛɥɸɽ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɭ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ Ɇɟɫɫɿɚɧ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɩɪɿɨɪɢɬɟɬɿɜ ɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɡɜɭɤɭ ɧɿ ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɥɶɨɪɭɚɜɜɚɠɚɜʀɯɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɦɢ
ɐɹ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɚ ɞɨɩɨɜɧɸɽ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ
ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɽ ɣɨɝɨ ɬɜɿɪ ©ɏɪɨɧɨɯɪɨɦɿɹª ɜ ɧɚɡɜɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɠɟ
ɡɚɤɥɚɞɟɧɨɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿɸ©ɤɨɥɶɨɪɭɱɚɫɭªɐɟɣɬɜɿɪɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɧɚ ɩɨɞɜɿɣ-
ɧɨɦɭɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɦɟɥɨɞɿɹ ɿɱɚɫɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɢɬɦɿɤɚ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɹ
ɡɚɛɚɪɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɑɚɫɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɭ ʀɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɳɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨ-
263
ɡɢɬɨɪ ©ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɩɟɪɦɭɬɚɰɿʀ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɬɪɿ ɜɿɞɱɭɬɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ
ɡɜɭɤɨɜɿɣɡɚɛɚɪɜɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɞɧɿɜɡɚɽɦɧɨɩɨɹɫɧɸɸɬɶɿɧɲɢɯ ɰɟɫɩɪɚɜɠ-
ɧɿɣɤɨɥɿɪɱɚɫɭÄɏɪɨɧɨɯɪɨɦɿʀ´ª>c@ɐɟɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ
ɫɩɨɫɿɛɫɜɿɬɨɜɿɞɱɭɬɬɹɹɤɢɣɞɨɩɨɜɧɸɽɿɩɨɝɥɢɛɥɸɽɆɟɫɿɚɧɿɜɫɶɤɭɤɚɪ-
ɬɢɧɭɫɜɿɬɭ
©ȼɱɚɫɢɡɧɟɜɿɪɢɤɨɥɢɹɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɹɫɧɨɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɜɫɸɛɟɡɝɥɭɡ-
ɞɿɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɥɢ ɡɜɭɤɢ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨʀ ɦɭɡɢɤɢ ɜɢɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɧɿ
ɛɟɡɩɨɪɚɞɧɢɦɢ ɹ ɡɝɚɞɭɸ ɿɫɬɢɧɧɟ ɨɛɥɢɱɱɹ ɦɭɡɢɤɢ ɡɚɛɭɬɟ ɭ ɥɿɫɚɯ
ɩɨɥɹɯɝɨɪɚɯɱɢɧɚɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɦɭɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɿ– ɫɩɿɜɩɬɚɯɿɜɋɚɦɟɜɰɶɦɭ
ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽɞɥɹɦɟɧɟɦɭɡɢɤɚɦɭɡɢɤɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɹɛɟɡɿɦɟɧɧɚɳɨɿɫɧɭɽɞɥɹ
ɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨɛ ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɚɬɢ ɫɯɿɞ ɫɨɧɰɹ ɡɚɱɚɪɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ
ɤɨɯɚɧɭɪɨɡɜɿɸɜɚɬɢɜɬɨɦɭ– ɩɪɨɳɚɸɱɢɫɶɡɜɿɞɬɢɧɤɨɦɠɢɬɬɹɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɤɨɥɢ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɧɶ ɿ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɜɟɱɿɪ«ª > ɫ. 186], – ɰɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ
ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶɈɥɿɜ’ɽɆɟɫɫɿɚɧɭɞɥɹɹɤɨɝɨɩɬɚɲɢɧɢɣɫɩɿɜ– ɰɟɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɚɿ
ɧɚɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿɲɚ ɦɟɥɨɞɿɹ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɰɟ ɜɢɹɫɤɪɚɜɥɸɽ ɳɟ ɨɞɧɭ
ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɭɣɨɝɨɤɚɪɬɢɧɢɫɜɿɬɭ
Ɂɧɚɣɨɦɫɬɜɨ Ɇɟɫɿɚɧɚ ɡ ɨɪɧɿɬɨɥɨɝɿɽɸ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɜ ɸɧɚɰɶɤɿ ɪɨɤɢ
Ƀɨɝɨ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɉɨɥɶ Ⱦɸɤɚ ɩɪɢɳɟɩɢɜ ɥɸɛɨɜ ɞɨ ɩɬɚɲɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɭ ɿ
ɡɚɤɥɢɤɚɜ ɫɥɭɯɚɬɢ ʀɯ ɜɫɟ ɠɢɬɬɹ Ɂɝɨɞɨɦ ɭ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ
ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɽɩɬɚɲɢɧɢɣɫɩɿɜɬɢɦɫɚɦɢɦɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɢɣɬɚɞɢɜɨ-
ɜɢɠɧɢɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɜɿɬɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɨɦɰɶɨɝɨɽɦɭɡɢɱɧɚɬɜɨɪɱɿɫɬɶɩɨɜ’ɹ-
ɡɚɧɚɡɩɬɚɲɢɧɨɸɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɸ©ɑɨɪɧɢɣɞɪɨɡɞª©ɉɪɨɛɭɞɠɟɧɧɹɩɬɚɯɿɜª
©ȿɤɡɨɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɬɚɯɢª ©Ʉɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɩɬɚɯɿɜª ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ©ɉɬɚɯɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɿɱɧɨ
ɚɫɨɰɿɸɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ ɡ ɩɪɨɜɿɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ȼɨɠɢɦɢ – ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ
Ɍ ɐɚɪɟɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɚ – ɿ ɬɨɦɭ ɥɨɝɿɱɧɨ ɳɨ ɰɿ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɧɹ Ɇɟɫɿɚɧ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ
ɜɢɜɱɚɜ ɿ ɨɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɜɚɜ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɱɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ „ɧɟɡɟɦɧɭ ɪɚɞɿɫɬɶ”» [12,
c. @ ɇɟɞɚɪɦɚ Ɇɟɫɿɚɧ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɜ ʀɯ ɫɜɨʀɦɢ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɦɢ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɱɢɣ ɫɩɿɜ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɨɜɿ ɧɨɜɢɣ ɦɭɡɢɱɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥ ɹɤɢɣ ɜɿɧ
ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɭɜɚɜɡɚɫɨɛɚɦɢɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɭɡɢɤɢ
ȼɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ. Ɍɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɜɲɢɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɿɹɤɿɤɨɧɰɟɩ-
ɬɭɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɨɛɪɚɡɫɜɿɬɭɆɟɫɫɿɧɚɦɢɦɨɠɟɦɨɩɿɞɫɭɦɭɜɚɬɢɳɨɤɨɦɩɨ-
ɡɢɬɨɪɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɿɡɭɽɬɚɤɿɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɹɤȼɿɪɚɅɸɛɨɜɉɪɢɪɨɞɚɑɚɫ ɛɚɪɜɚ
ɩɬɚɯɢɬɨɳɨȼɢɫɨɤɢɣɞɭɯɨɜɧɢɣɡɦɿɫɬ ɦɭɡɢɤɢɆɟɫɫɿɚɧɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɪɟɥɿ-
ɝɿɣɧɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɿɜ ɳɨ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɽ ɫɟɧɫ ɤɪɚɫɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɬɪɚɝɿɱɧɨɫɬɿ
ɫɜɿɬɭɛɭɥɢɞɟɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɜɚɧɿɬɟɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɸɫɜɿɬɭɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ
ɬɜɨɪɱɿɫɬɶɹɤɨɝɨɫɬɚɥɚɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɦɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɏɏɫɬəɤɡɚɡɧɚ-
ɱɚɜȽɟɪɦɚɧɚȽɟɫɫɟɝɟɪɨɽɦɽɬɨɣ©ɯɬɨɡɚɜɞɹɤɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɿɿɜɢɯɨɜɚɧɧɸ
ɞɿɣɲɨɜ ɞɨ ɦɚɣɠɟ ɩɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɜ ʀʀ ɿɽɪɚɪ-
ɯɿɱɧɿɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɧɟ ɜɬɪɚɬɢɜɲɢ ɨɞɧɚɤ ɬɿɽʀ ɫɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɜɿɠɨʀ ɱɚɪɿɜɧɨɫɬɿ
ɜ ɹɤɿɣɿɩɨɥɹɝɚɽɰɿɧɧɿɫɬɶɿɚɪɨɦɚɬɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɦɚª>ɫ@

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 Ʌɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ȺɹɡɛɟɤɨɜɚɋɄɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚɷɬɧɨɫɚɄɨɪɤɭɬ-ɚɬɚɢɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɦɭɡɵɤɢ
ɤɚɡɚɯɨɜɆɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ / ɋɚɛɢɧɚȺɹɡɛɟɤɨɜɚ– Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ– ɫ
 Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɚ-ɉɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɚɹ ɇ Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ / ɇɢɧɚ
Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɚ-ɉɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɚɹ– ɄȾɭɯɿɥɿɬɟɪɚ– ɫ
ȽɟɫɫɟȽɂɝɪɚɜɛɢɫɟɪ / ȽɟɪɦɚɧȽɟɫɫɟ– Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɉɪɚɜɞɚ– ɫ
4. ȿɤɢɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ Ɉɥɢɜɶɟ Ɇɟɫɫɢɚɧ ɀɢɡɧɶ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ / ȼɢɤɬɨɪ ȿɤɢ-
ɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ– Ɇɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ– ɫ
5. ɄɭɛɚɧɨɜɚɌɄɚɪɬɢɧɚɦɢɪɚɤɚɤɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧ-
ɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ / Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɚ
Ʉɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ // Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɋɪɟɞɚ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ 7HUUD +XPDQD  – 2011. –
ȼɵɩɭɫɤʋ 1. – ɋ–193.
6. ɅɟɜɿɧɚɌɎɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɿɬɚɞɭɯɨɜɧɿɚɫɩɟɤɬɢɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɭɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɿɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɿ ɫɜɿɬɭ / Ɍɟɬɹɧɚ Ʌɟɜɿɧɚ //
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɬɟɨɪɿʀ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɶɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ
Ɂɛɿɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɶ – Ʉ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɿɦɟɧɿɌɚɪɚɫɚɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɚ– ȼɢɩɭɫɤɏɏV. – ɋ–28.
Ɇɚɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɦɭɡɵɤɨ-
ɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɏɏɜɟɤɚȺɧɧɚɆɚɤɢɧɚȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ –
2013. – ɑ– ɋ–80. // [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɭhttp://
vphil.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=795&Itemid=52
 Ɇɟɫɢɚɧ Ɉ Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ / Ɉɥɢɜɶɟ Ɇɟɫɫɢɚɧ. –
ɆɨɫɤɜɚȽɪɟɤɨ-ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɣɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɘȺ ɒɢɱɚɥɢɧɚ– ɫ
9. ɉɟɬɪɭɲɟɧɤɨȼ Ɏɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɬɟɪɦɿɧɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɿʀɫɟɧɬɟɧɰɿʀ /
ȼɿɤɬɨɪɉɟɬɪɭɲɟɧɤɨ– Ʌɶɜɿɜ©Ɇɚɝɧɨɥɿɹª – ɫ
10. ɋɚɦɭɟɥɶɄɥɨɞȻɟɫɟɞɵɫɈɥɢɜɶɟɆɟɫɫɢɚɧɨɦɄɥɨɞɋɚɦɸɟɥɶɋɨɜɟɬ-
ɫɤɚɹɦɭɡɵɤɚ– 1982. – ɑ. 2. – ɋ–109.
ɐɚɪɟɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹɌȼɪɟɦɹɢɪɢɬɦɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɈɥɢɜɶɟɆɟɫɫɢɚɧɚɌɹɬɶɹɧɚ
ɐɚɪɟɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ– ɆɄɥɚɫɫɢɤɚ-ɏɏȱ, 2002. – ɫ
ɐɚɪɟɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹɌɈɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɫɬɢɆɟɫɫɢɚɧɚ Ɍɹɬɶɹɧɚ ɐɚɪɟɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ//
ȼɟɤɆɟɫɫɢɚɧɚɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɫɬɚɬɟɣ– Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ
©Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɹª – ɋ–30.
ɑɟɤɚɧɘȱɧɬɨɧɚɰɿɣɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɡɫɜɿɬɭɹɤɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɹɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɦɭɡɢɤɨ-
ɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɚɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀɧɚɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ
ɦɢɬɟɰɬɜɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɚɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɦɭɡɢɱɧɟɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɨ / ɘɪɿɣ
ɑɟɤɚɧɄɢʀɜ– ɫ
14ɒɩɟɧɝɥɟɪɈɁɚɤɚɬȿɜɪɨɩɢɈɫɜɚɥɶɞɒɩɟɧɝɥɟɪ ɆɨɫɤɜɚɆɵɫɥɶ1998.
Ɍȱ– ɫ
15. Dragula ȺCo ma muzyka do Boga oprócz tegoĨe moĨna o Nim Ğpiewaü
Jak siĊ jednak okazuje, ze wszystkich dziedzin sztuki to wáaĞnie muzyka
od samego początku traktowana byáa jako najbardziej boska / Andrzej
Dragula // Ruch muzyczny. – 2014. – ʋ 4. – KwiecieĔ– S. 3–6.

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 ɈɥɶɝɚȾɟɦɱɭɤ Ʉɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɨɤɚɪɬɢɧɟɦɢɪɚɤɚɤɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɬɜɨɪɱɟɫ-
ɬɜɚ Ɉ Ɇɟɫɫɢɚɧɚ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɦɢ-
ɧɚɧɬɵɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚɈ. Ɇɟɫɫɢɚɧɚ – ɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɨɜ
ɏɏɫɬȺɪɬɢɤɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɬɟɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɦɢɪɚɢɧɫɩɢɪɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ
ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɸɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ Ɉ Ɇɟɫɫɢɚɧ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɥɨ-
ɝɢɹɬɟɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɡɦɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦȼɟɪɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ
Olha Demchuk. Concerning the picture of the world as a paradigm of
creativity O. Messiaen. A paradigm of modern conception of the world is the
philosophical concept «world view» which is in its initial meaning the
universal integral intellectual formation of consciousness that leads the data
of a lot of sciences to a single whole. It is the widest form of knowledge
where the world is captured in its continuum. If transferring this conception
into the artistic space, the «world view» appears to be the basic fundamental
principle of artistic and creative vision of reality.
It is significant that the category «world view» (or world image) is one of
the most actual problems of scientific reflection in the 20th century, in
particular of the philosophical, culturological and artistic ones. Especially,
when talking about the creative work of modern composers.
Music art is that logic which makes the connection between past and
future, between Society and an Individual and its peculiarity lies in the fact that
it represents the Universe Eternity in the best way. Naturally, every classical
composer thinks about the matter of being and appears before us as a philo-
sopher. The example of this is a French composer of the 20th century Olivier
Messiaen and his world view which finds its expression in an artistic I, namely
in creative work which opens to us a new page in modern music culture.
Composer’s world view is implemented in his world conception standpoints.
Analyzing philosophic intentions of the composer it is worth mentioning
that Messiaen’s world view belongs to a theocentric onewhich spiritual
priorities are God and religion. Messiaen implemented high universal values
(artistic and morally-ethical), which influence every person irrespective of their
world view and attitude towards religion,into his creative work. Therefore, one
of the most fundamental basics of Messiaen’s theological world view is
distinguished – Faith – which became his spiritual guide that leads all the
creative life of the composer.
Messiaen assumed that he would not be able to write a single note without
Faith. The emotional inception and freedom of spirit, which was the connec-
ting link with God for him, allowed O. Messiaen to become the founder of
music theology of the 20th century.
The second component of O. Messiaen’s theocentric world view is the
comprehension of Time which appears to be one of «the most amazing God’s
creations, since it is opposite to somebody who is eternal by their nature, to

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somebody who does not have the beginning or the ending» [10, p. 8]. Personal
sense of time count appears to be the leading theme of philosophical and
aesthetic thinking of the composer, thus forming new conception of time
count where time seems to be perceptible. Such an approach to interpretation
of time helps the composer possess Time as a category which can be con-
trolled. Therefore, O. Messiaeninterprets Time dimension in a new way and
approaches the eternityin the development of the concept of his works.
Next world view artistic dominating idea of O. Messiaen’s creative work
consists in the uniqueness and universality of the perception of sound tints.
For the composer harmony and tune which have the quality to change, move
and transform, become the colour. Messiaen did not establish priority neither
for sound nor for colour and considered them to be interconnected. It is deter-
mined by the original attitude and it completes and extends the world view.
Another important factor is birdswhich Messiaen symbolically associates
with God’s heralds who bring composer «heavenly joy” [12, p. 157]. «At times
of discouragement when I realize all the absurdity of my existence especially
clearly, when sounds of any music seem to me sorrowful I remember a true
face of music, forgotten in the forests, fields, mountains or on the sea coast –
singing of birds. This is exactly what music lies in to me…» writes Olivier
Messiaen who considers singing of birds to be the primary and most natural
melody. Therefore, it distinguishes another constituent of his world view. It was
not without reason that Messiaen called them his small teachers whose singing
open new music material to a composer which he interpreted by means of
instrumental music.
Uniqueness and individuality of the figure of Messiaen is concordant
with the utterance of a German writer Hermann Hesse who points out that
the hero is the one «who owing to nature and education reached almost com-
plete dissolution of his personality in its hierarchical function, however,
without losing that powerful fresh charm which is the basis of an individual’s
value and scent» [3, p. 23]. High spiritual matter of music as well as the
system of religious images expressing the meaning of beauty, harmony and
tragedy of the world, have become the basis of the theocentric world view of
O. Messiaen whose creative work has become the global phenomenon of music
culture in the 20th century.
Key words: O. Messiaen, world view, music theology, theocentricism, an
Individual, Faith, nature.

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