Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Alfelor Sr. Memorial College Inc.
Población zone II, Del Gallego, Camarines Sur.

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Prof. Ed 6: FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED
TEACHING

Prepared by:

Grecil Castillo

Submitted to:

Maria Jela S. Mendoza

EXTEND BY APPLYING
1. Observation
a) Choose a place where you can observe adult-child interactions-such as
in a mall, in church, at the playground, etc. Spend one hour observing
such adult-child interactions. Focus your attention on the stimulus-
response-consequence patterns you observe.
b) Describe the consequences you observe. (It is better to write or
scribble the details on the spot or as soon as you finish your
observation)
c) Answer these questions:
1) What kind of stimuli for children’s and adult behavior did you
observe?
2) What kinds of behaviors on the part of children elicit
reinforcement and punishment consequences from the adult?
3) What kinds of behaviors of adults are reinforced or punished by
the children?
4) What kind of reinforcements and punishments seem to be the
most “successful”?
5) Given this experience, what are your thoughts about operant
conditioning? Do you think children reinforce and punish adults
as adults punish them? How might the two be interdependent?

ANSWER:
A. Last Friday afternoon, I went to Del Gallego High School. While I was
there, I saw a mother and her kid at a GPTA meeting. I quietly watched
them from about 2 meters away. The child was being playful and grabbed
his mom's umbrella to play with it. The mother scolded the child, but it
just made the child even more mischievous. Eventually, the mother
stopped paying attention to the child, and that is when the child took her
bag. The mother promised the child ice cream if he behaved. After some
time, the child gave back the umbrella and the bag, but then took out a
smartphone and stayed quiet. After a minute, the child started
misbehaving again by tickling his mom and running away. The mother
reminded the child about the ice cream and said she would not buy it if
the child continued to misbehave.
B. As I observed the situation, I noticed several consequences unfolding.
Firstly, the child's mischievous behavior escalated after being scolded by
the mom, indicating that the scolding did not effectively discipline the
child. Secondly, when the mom stopped paying attention to the child, he
took advantage of the situation and grabbed her bag, displaying a sense of
entitlement and disregard for boundaries. However, the mother's promise
of ice cream as a reward for good behavior seemed to have a positive
effect as the child returned the umbrella and the bag. This suggests that
using incentives can be effective in encouraging desired behavior. On the
other hand, when the child was given access to a smartphone, he became
quiet and engrossed in the device, which may indicate a reliance on
technology as a distraction or means of control. Lastly, the mother's
reminder about the ice cream and her refusal to buy it if the child
continued to misbehave showed the importance of consistency and
consequences in shaping behavior. Overall, the consequences observed
highlighted the complex dynamics of discipline, incentives, and
technology in influencing a child's behavior.

C. Answers to the questions:

1) The stimuli for children's behavior that I observed included the
presence of toys and objects to play with, such as the umbrella and the
smartphone. For adults, the stimuli were mainly the child's actions and
behaviors, such as the child grabbing the mother's belongings or
misbehaving.

2) The behaviors of the child that elicited reinforcement or punishment

from the adult were as follows:
- Misbehaving and being playful with the umbrella led to scolding
from the mother.
- Taking the mother's bag resulted in the mother's attention being
withdrawn.
- Returning the umbrella and bag led to the promise of ice cream as
a reward.
- Tickling the mother and running away resulted in a reminder
about the ice cream being withheld if the misbehavior continued.

3) In this observation, the behaviors of the adult (the mother) that were
reinforced or punished by the child were not explicitly evident.
However, it can be inferred that the child's misbehavior, such as
 grabbing the bag or tickling the mother, may have served to gain
attention or control over the adult's actions.

4) The most "successful" reinforcements and punishments appeared to be

those that directly linked to the child's desired outcomes or
consequences. In this case, the promise of ice cream served as a
positive reinforcement for returning the umbrella and bag, while the
threat of withholding the ice cream acted as a punishment for
continuing to misbehave.

5) Based on this experience, it is evident that operant conditioning plays

a role in shaping both children's and adults' behavior. Children
reinforce and punish adults by their actions, such as misbehaving to
gain attention or control. Similarly, adults reinforce or punish
children through rewards or consequences. The two are interdependent
as they engage in a dynamic cycle of influencing each other's
behaviors. For example, the child's misbehavior may lead to the adult's
punishment, which in turn affects the child's subsequent behavior.
This interaction highlights the reciprocal nature of reinforcement and
punishment between children and adults within the framework of
operant conditioning.
D.
EXPLORE Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
1. What do authorities say might be the reason why Sergio hanged himself?
ANSWER: According to Lieutenant Tom Claunch of the Webster Police
Department, the passing of Sergio seems to have been an unintended incident.
The police officers hold the belief that Sergio's demise could be attributed to his
involvement in some form of experimentation. It is suspected that Sergio might
have been engaging in activities that ultimately resulted in his untimely death.
What facts made them give this reason?
ANSWER: According to what people say, Sergio was a cheerful and
inquisitive child. His happiness and curiosity led them to believe that his death
occurred solely because of his curiosity. This belief arose from a story told by
Sergio's uncle. While Sergio and his other uncle were watching the news, they
came across a report about Saddam's death. Sergio's curiosity prompted him to
comment that Saddam was executed because he was a bad person.
2. Comment on the opinion of the clinical psychologist
ANSWER: Children naturally tend to copy or imitate what they see or
hear without fully understanding the potential outcomes. This behavior is likely
to occur when they lack proper guidance. However, some children learn not to
imitate when they are taught about the possible consequences of their actions.
3. What do you think is the effect of television on the behavior of young
people (preschool to college)? Cite specific examples.
ANSWER: Television can have a significant impact on the behavior of
young people, ranging from preschoolers to college students. For instance,
excessive exposure to violent or aggressive content on TV may lead to an
increase in aggressive behavior among children. They might imitate the
aggressive actions they see on the screen without fully understanding the
consequences. Additionally, television can also influence the attitudes and
beliefs of young people. Advertisements promoting materialism and unrealistic
body standards can shape their values and priorities. Moreover, excessive screen
time spent watching television can lead to sedentary behavior, which can
contribute to health issues like obesity. On the positive side, educational
programs can enhance young children's cognitive skills, vocabulary, and general
knowledge. Therefore, it is crucial for parents and educators to monitor and
regulate television viewing, guiding young people toward appropriate content
that promotes positive behavior and learning.

Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Alfelor Sr. Memorial College Inc.
Población zone II, Del Gallego, Camarines Sur.

Extend By
Applying
Prof. Ed 6: FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED
TEACHING

Prepared by:

Grecil Castillo

Submitted to:

Maria Jela S. Mendoza

EXTEND BY APPLYING
As a small group, cite a teaching implication of the information process
given in the Table below. One is done for you.
Process Teaching Implication/s
1. Information is received through the 1.1 Be sure that the learners’ senses
senses. are functioning well.
1.2
2. If information is not relevant, it 2.1
decays 2.2
3. If information goes to the Short- 3.1
Term Memory and if given attention 3.2
and is found to be relevant, it is sent 4.1
to the Long-Term Memory.
4. If information is not properly 4.2
encoded, forgetting occurs. 5.1
5. There are methods to increase 5.2
retrieval of information when needed
(see methods on page 112).
Formulate 5 items like the ones you went then exchange work with your
learning partner. Your learning partner answers the 5 items you prepared while
you also answer what your learning partner make.
EXTEND BY APPLYING
Choose one topic with a particular lesson objective in any grade or year
level. Make a teaching sequence applying Gagne’s nine instructional events.
Use the table provided for you.
Topic: ______________
Event of Instruction Lesson Example/Condition of Learning
1. Gaining Attention
2. Informing the Learner of
the objective
3. Stimulating Recall of Prior
Learning
4. Presenting the Stimulus
5. Providing Learner
Guidance
6. Eliciting Performance
7. Giving Feedback
8. Assessing Performance
9. Enhancing Retention and
Transfer