GE 1 REVIEWER

GE 1 REVIEWER

I. MATERIAL SELF
● pertains to objects, places, or people
which have the label “mine”
● "material self" is a psychological term that
refers to the part of an individual's self-
concept related to the physical world,
● by the American psychologist William
James
aspects of the material self
● body is the innermost aspect of the
material self
● Clothing that protects and projects your
body
● Family that are connected to you by
blood and share their glory and shame
● Home where many aspects of your life
have been developed, mostly comfortable
with, and is greatly linked to your identity
● other possessions such as gadgets,
cars, collections,etc.
II. Importance of the material self
1. Self-Expression - conveys messages
about our personality status and
preferences
2. self esteem and confidence- physical
attractiveness personal belongings and
immediate environments can positively or
negatively impact a person self perception
and confidence level
III. Critics and Limitations
● over emphasis on materialism-
individuals might prioritize possessions over
intangible aspects of life
● vulnerability to external changes- aging
accidents or loss of property can result in
dramatic changes to oneself
concept often leading to psychological
distress

IV. SPIRITUAL SELF

● spirituality- belief in something beyond
the self.
- suggest that there is something
greater that connects all beings to
each other
- may involve
religious tradition centering on the
belief in higher power
- source of comfort and relief from
stress
- religious or spiritual people use
their spirituality to cope with
challenges in life experience many
benefits to their health and well-
being
- not a single path or belief system
me signs of spirituality can include:
king deep questions about topics such as suffering or
t happens after death
epening connections with other people
periencing compassion and empathy for others
periencing feelings of interconnectedness
elings of awe and wonder
eking happiness beyond material possessions or
r external rewards
eking meaning and purpose
nting to make the world a better place
V. Types of Spirituality that touches their own
spirituality
• Mindful Breathing
• Meditation or quiet time
• Devotion
• Prayer
• Service to their community
• Spending time in nature
• Spiritual retreats
• Yoga
VI. Types of Spirituality through religious
traditions
• Buddhism in
• Christianity
• Hinduism
• Humanism
• Islam
• Judaism
• Sikhism
VII. spirituality versus religion
1. Spirituality
● can be practiced individually
● no specific set of rules
● personal journey of discovering
what is meaningful in life
2. Religion
● practiced in a community
● has specific set of rules
● focuses on the belief in deities
and gods, religious text and
tradition
VIII. Uses for Spirituality
1. to find purpose and meaning
2. to cope with feelings of stress
depression and anxiety
3. to restore hope and optimism
4. to find a sense of community and
support
IX. how to practice spirituality
1. pay attention to how you are feeling
2. focus on others
3. engage in some sort of meditation

X. PHYSICAL SELF
1. TOTAL SELF- composed of emotional
self, social self, academic self, and
physical self
2. Physical appearance- is influenced
by biological and environmental factors
3. Traits are determined by genes
(embedded with one's chromosomes)
4. Phenotype- physical expression of a
particular trait
5. each individual carries 23 pairs of
chromosomes
6. the 23rd pair is also known as the sex
chromosomes- decides the sex of an
individual
7. Maturation- completion of growth of a
genetic character
8. Environmental influences- shape your
physical self including those from your
social networks
9. Family- first social group that forms a
crucial foundation of your development
XI. Self-image
● is how we view ourselves including our
body image and gender
● introduced by Morris Rosenberg in 1965
● three components of self image
a. how we see ourselves
b. how others see us
c. our ideal self
● Body Dysmorphic Disorder is a
condition that affects self image and can
negatively affect self esteem
XII. Body Image
● mental representation an individual
creates of themselves
● thoughts and opinions about one's body
can start forming as early as 3 years of age
● once you start to think that you have a
flaw your mind runs with the
distraction and turns it into more than it
is
XIII. Signs of Poor Body Image
1. focuses excessive attention on a minor
flaw
2. views oneself as unattractive
3. fears other people can see the so-called
deformity
4. perfectionist
5. avoid social engagements
6. constantly grooms in the mirror
7. hides flaw with makeup or clothes
8. cosmetic procedures or surgery
9. needs reassurance
10. never satisfied with appearance
XIV. Self Love
● state of appreciation for oneself that
goes from actions that support our physical
psychological and spiritual growth
● having high regards for one's own
wellbeing and happiness

XV. Significant elements of self love

● eliminating self sabotaging behaviors
● letting go of comparisons
● satisfying physical psychological and
spiritual needs
● respecting oneself
● building self esteem and confidence
XVI. Health Benefits of Self Love
● academic performance- improves
attention and memory
● brain health- reduces risk of depression
● muscular fitness- strong muscles and
endurance
● heart and lung health-improves blood
pressure and aerobic fitness
● cardio metabolic health- maintain
normal blood sugar levels
● long term health-reduces risk of several
chronic diseases
● bone strength- strengthens bones
● healthy weight -helps regulate body
weight and reduce body fat

XVII. SEXUAL SELF

● Sex- physical differences between people
who are male female or intersex
-assigned at birth based on physiological
characteristics
● Gender- socially constructed
characteristics of women and men
● Sexuality- sexual feelings thoughts
attractions and behaviors towards other
people
● Gender Identity- how an individual
identifies their gender
- expressed through clothing
physical appearance mannerisms
and behavior
● Gender Roles- societal and cultural
expectations placed on individuals based
on their assigned sex at birth

● Human Sexual Behavior- activity that

induces sexual arousal
● Consent- clean and affirmative
expression of the permission to do
something to touch or be touched
● Erogenous Zones- parts of the body that
are primarily receptive and increased
sexual arousal when touch in a sexual
manner
- mouth, breast, genitals , anus,
neck, thighs, abdomen, and feet
○ two major factors that determine
human sexual behavior
a. inherited sexual response pattern
b. restraint or types of influence exerted
on the individual by society in the
expression of his or her sexuality
XVIII. LGBT
● Lesbian - a woman who is sexually and
romantically attracted to other women
● Gay- attracted to the same sex
● Bisexual- romantically and sexually
attracted to both men and women
● Transgender - experience gender in a
way that varies along the continuum from
masculine to feminine
XIX. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
● Puberty - active growth in human during
which the person changes from a child to an
adult
-starts around 10 to 13 years for girls
● Menstrual cycle - during a woman's
fertile years her ovaries will go through
about 450 menstrual cycles
- parts of the endometrium
raptures and sheds off giving rise
to abdominal cramps, headaches,
muscle pain, bloating, diarrhea or
constipation
- spans from 21 to 33 days but
normally 28 days
before the menstrual cycle
1. inside the over there are many developing
follicles, the young follicles are called primary
follicles
2. each primary follicles consists of potential egg
cell surrounded by a layer of smaller cells known
as the follicle cells
3. a mature follicle is known as a graafian
follicle- contains an egg cell
4. Ovulation - graafian follicle ruptures and
releases the egg into oviduct funnel

phase 1 (day 1 to 5)
1. the endometrium breaks down and flows out of
the body
2. the first five days are characterized by heavy
bleeding

phase 2 (day 6 to 13)

1. the ovary secretes estrogen which starts the
repair and growth of the endometrium
2. endometrium becomes thicker and bleeding
stops completely

phase 3 (day 11 to 17)

1. fertile phase of the menstrual cycle
2. sperms deposited in the vagina from day 11
onwards can fertilize the ovum

phase 4 (day 18 to 20))

1. fertilization during this phase is impossible
because no ovum is present

● Estrogen and Progesterone are sex

hormones that are responsible for bringing
around sex characteristics in young adults
● Menopause- a woman finally stops
producing eggs and the menstrual cycle
halts completely
-usually takes place between the ages 45
and 55
● Cervical Cancer- second most common
cancer in women all over the world
-caused by oncovirus transmitted sexually

XX. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

● Testicle or testis is the male reproductive
gland or gonad in all bilaterians including
humans
● Scrotum or scrotal sac is a part of the
external male genitalia located at the base
of the penis that consists of suspended
dual chambered sack of skin and
smooth muscle
● Spermatic Cord cord like structure in
males formed by the vas deferens and
surrounding tissue that runs from the deep
inguinal ring down to each testicles
● Blood Vessels transport blood
throughout the body
● Epididymis elongated tubular
structure attached to the posterior side of
each one of the two male reproductive
glands
● Vas Deferens or ductus deferens is part
of the male reproductive system of many
vertebrates
● Abdominal Cavity is a large body cavity
in humans and many other animals that
contain organs
● Urethra tube that connects the urinary
bladder to the urinary meatus
● Seminal Vesicles are a pair of
convoluted tubular glands that lie behind the
urinary bladder of male mammals
● Urinary Bladder stores urine from the
kidneys before disposal by urination
● Semen also known as seminal fluid is an
organic bodily fluid create to contain
spermatozoa
● Erection is a physiological phenomenon
in which the penis becomes firm and gorge
and enlarged
● testosterone is the primary male sex
hormone and androgen in males

XXI. ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

● Gargantuan Brain - why we (humans)
spent a long time of infancies compared to
other mammals
● it takes quarter of century for our brain
to develop
● Adolescence
- last for about 4-5 years
- builds up the body; size, shape,
texture, smell, etc. (physical)
- develop sexual reproduction
(internal)
- time for enormous change
- craving for intense experiences
(mental)
- relationships and identity (social)

● brain is still under construction beyond

adolescence
● Pre-Fontal Cortex
- manage behavior and plan
- explains why adolescence act
impulsively and take risks