RECTIFICATION OF UNSTABLE SLOPES IN THE PREMISES OF

GENERAL HOSPITAL – KANDY

“Geotechnical Engineering is an Art as well as a science”

 Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................................1

1.0 NURSES TRAINING SCHOOL AREA....................................................................................................3

2.0 DOCTORS’ QUARTERS AREA............................................................................................................8

3.0 NURSES QUARTERS AREA..............................................................................................................12

4.0 SKIN WARD AND MENTAL WARD AREA.........................................................................................13

5.0 CANCER HOME AREA.....................................................................................................................15

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Kandy Base Hospital is the heart of central province located in the Kandy city which is the second largest
medical institution in the Island established and administered under the purview of the Ministry of Health Care
and Nutrition, Sri Lanka which is a tertiary care institution maintained by the Sri Lankan Government.

Looking back to the history in around 1861 there was an infectious disease hospital in Deyyannewela (the small
pox hospital). This pauper hospital was later expanded to become the General Hospital Kandy. Currently the
Kandy Hospital has been expanded in to 60 acres. The expansion of hospital was done by cutting the slopes in
the hospital premises hence the danger of slope failures has been dramatically increased. The doctors, nurses
and patients in the hospital are in danger if these slopes are failed. Main water supply tank for the Hospital also
located in the top of the slope near the Doctors quarters and there is danger for slope failure due to heavy load
due to water tank if the water tank leaks and also due to heavy rain.

Kandy hospital is situated closer to the Kandy Railway Station along the William GopallawaMawatha from one
side and along the Hanthana Road (Hospital Road) from the other side. This is one of the largest building
complexes situated in the historic city of Kandy.

The hospital covers 37 Specialties.They are Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chemical Pathology, Dental
Surgery, Dermatology, Electro Cardio Physiology, Endocrinology, ENT, Gastro Intestinal Medicine, Gastro
Intestinal Surgery, Gyn Oncology, Gynaecology& Obstetrics, Haematology, Histo Pathology, Judicial Medicine,
General Medicine, Microbiology, Nephrology, Neuro Surgery, Neurology, Onco Surgery, Oncology,
Ophthalmology, Oro Maxillo Facial Surgery, Orthodontic, Orthopaedic Surgery, Paediatric, Paediatric,
Neurology, Paediatric Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Psychiatry, Radiology, Renal Transplant, Respiratory,
Rheumatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, General Surgery, Urology and Vascular Surgery. Therefore
Teaching Hospital Kandy is covering almost all medical and surgical specialties under a single Institution.

Hospital has 78 Wards and 13 Special Units for inpatient Services. It also consists of 10 ICUs and 24 Operating
Theaters. Out Patient Service, Specialized Clinic Service and an Emergency Treatment Units are also within the
Hospital. In addition Chemical, Microbiological, Histological and Pathological Investigations, X Rays, USS, CT,
MRI, Exercise ECG, Physiotherapy and Pharmacies services are also available.

Since the Kandy Hospital is situated in the hilly area and the construction of the buildings had been done by
cutting slopes in some area there are slopes which are prone to collapse in rainy season. After a detailed site
visit carried out in the hospital premises potential slope failure areas have been identified and suitable
mitigation systems for each area has been proposed.

Further considering the fact that Kandy being one of the major tourist attractions in Sri Lanka and one of the
World Heritage Cities; it is important to consider the physical appearance of the city. Since the Hospital is
located in the center of the city we propose a landscaping for the hospital premises to improve the aesthetic
appearance. Following table summarizes the slope failure mitigation method and the approximate cost for
proposed mitigation system and landscaping.

Location Area/Length Proposed Mitigation Method Approx.

Cost(Euros)
Soil nailing and drainage system 3,500,000.00
Nurses Training School 3350m2
Soil nailing and drainage system 1,400,000.00
Doctors Quarters 1300m2
 Soil nailing and drainage system 900,000.00
Nurses Quarters 820m2

Soil nailing and drainage system 400,000.00

350m2
Skin & Mental Wards 30m RRM Random rubble masonry retaining wall 20,000.00
wall & 75m2
Turfing
Soil nailing and drainage system 550,000.00
1000m2
Cancer Home
20m RRM Continue the existing retaining wall 20,000.00
wall
Old cancer ward 450 m2 Soil nailing and drainage system 300,000.00

Hospital Premises a). Landscaping 2,400,000.00

Approximated Total Cost - Euros 9,490,000.00

Approximate Construction Time 2 Years

PORR in Austria is arranging this required fund with Austria Government as a soft loan amounting to Euro 9.5
Million approximately (SLR1.5 Billions), including a grant element of at least 25% under the Austrian Soft Loan
Scheme and the balance with very low interest rate (less than 1%) repayable over 20 years with a 6 year grace
period.

1.0 NURSES TRAINING SCHOOL AREA

Introduction

Nurses’ training school consists of two main buildings. One is the Nurses’ training school building is one of the
oldest buildings in Kandy Hospital premises which was built in 1952 and the other building is lecture hall 02
which was built in 1995. The NTS building has an area of 800m 2 and the lecture hall 02 has an area of 100m 2.
Embankment behind the building was cut when the construction activities were carried out. In October 2014
there was a considerable failure in the slopes which resulted in collapsing of the slope area and there are
subsequent failures after that during rainy seasons. Currently the slope behind the building (underneath the
road to Doctors Quarters) and the slope below the building (adjacent to PRDA road) are in a precarious
situation which needs to be rectified sooner. The slope behind the building is identified as 3 sections and the
slope below the building is identified as section 04.

Following table summarizes the details of the sections in Nurses training school area.

SECTION 01

Section 04
 Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation
System
01 15m 80m 1200m2 Steep slope; approximately a). Stabilize the slope
550.tension cracks on the with soil nailing with
pavement of the building, soil shotcreting and
overburden consist of Horizontal drains,
residual soil; Scaffolding is b). Surface drainage
needed for soil nailing. system with crown and
cascade drains.

SECTION 02
 Section Height Length Area Findings
02 11m 30m 330m2 Moderately steep slope;
approximately 450. Tension
cracks on the pavement of
the lecture room 02, soil
overburden consist of
residual soil; Lifting machine
can be used for soil nailing.
Proposed Mitigation
System
a). Stabilize the slope
with soil nailing with
grid beams, protective
net and hydroseeding,
b). Surface drainage
system with crown and
cascade drains

SECTION 03
 Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation
System
03 22m 70m 1540m2 Moderately steep slope; a). Stabilize the slope
approximately 450.tension with soil nailing with
cracks on the pavement of grid beams, protective
the building, soil overburden net and hydroseeding,
consist of residual soil; b). Surface drainage
Scaffolding is needed for soil system with crown and
nailing.Top of the slope cascade drains
(underneath the road to
Doctors quarters) is
collapsed. Temporary shoring
using H irons is used at the
bottom of the slope. But it is
not up to satisfactory level.
Lifting machine can be used
for soil nailing

SECTION 04
 Section Height Length Area Findings
04 15m 70m 1050m2 Moderately steep slope;
approx. 550.soil overburden
consist of residual
soil;Shoring system using
sheet piles is used at the
bottom of the slope.(installed
20 years earlier). Lifting
machine can be used for soil
nailing.
Proposed Mitigation
System
a). Stabilize the slope
with soil nailing with
shotcreting and
Horizontal drains, b).
Surface drainage system
with crown and cascade
drains

Total area to be rectified in Doctors Quarters area is 3350m2 and the approximate cost would be Euros
3,500,000.00.

2.0 DOCTORS’ QUARTERS AREA

Introduction

Doctors’ Quarters Premises is built on 1960s’ which consists of three (03) buildings. Building behind
section 01 has an area of 300m2, building behind section 02 has an area of 160m 2 and building behind
section 03 has an area of 250m 2. At the top of the slope, the main water tank of the hospital is
located. Therefore the slope holds the weight of the water tank and there is a possibility of occurrence
of a slope failure due to leakage of the water tank since the water tanks are built 30 years ago. Since
the slope is in a potential dangerous situation the residents in the Doctor quarters are feeling scared
specially in the rainy seasons. Further the slope right to the building behind section 03 identified as
section 04 is also showing signs of failure (tension crack in adjacent building as shown in below figure)
which need to be addressed to protect the building.

SECTION 05
 Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation System
05 12m 34m 400m2 Moderately steep slope; a). Stabilize the slope with soil
approximately 450 soil nailing with shotcreting and
overburden consist of Horizontal drains,
residual soil; Cracks can be b). Surface drainage system
seen at Doctors Quarters with crown and cascade
building. The main water drains.
tank of hospital is above the
slope. Gabion wall has been
constructed for the part of
the slope. Scaffolding is
needed for soil nailing

SECTION 02
 Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation System
06 12m 34m 400m2 Moderately steep slope; a). Stabilize the slope with soil
approximately 450 soil nailing with shotcreting and
overburden consist of Horizontal drains,
residual soil; Cracks can be b). Surface drainage system
seen at Doctors Quarters with crown and cascade
building. The main water drains.
tank of hospital is above the
slope. Gabion wall has been
constructed for the part of
the slope. Scaffolding is
needed for soil nailing

SECTION 07
 Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation System
07 10m 30m 300m2 Moderately steep slope; a). Stabilize the slope with soil
approximately 450.tension nailing with grid beams,
cracks on the pavement of protective net and
the building, soil overburden hydroseeding,
consist of residual soil; b). Surface drainage system
Scaffolding is needed for soil with crown and cascade drains
nailing.

SECTION 04

Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation System

08 10m 40m 400m2 Moderately steep slope; a). Stabilize the slope with soil
approximately 450.tension nailing with grid beams,
cracks on the pavement of protective net and
the building, soil overburden hydroseeding,
consist of residual soil; b). Surface drainage system
Scaffolding is needed for soil with crown and cascade drains
nailing.
Total area to be rectified in Doctors Quarters area is 1300m2 and the approximate cost would be
Euros. 1,400,000.00

3.0 NURSES QUARTERS AREA

Introduction
The Nurses Quarters of Kandy hospital is also identified as potential danger area. Nurses quarters
building was built in 2008 and it has an area of 550m 2. There are unauthorized houses built top of the
slope and due to loading the slope is in danger of being collapsed. In year 2014 there was a
considerable collapse in the slope and after that the threat to the residents of the nurses’ quarters as
well as for residents in top of the slope has magnified and hence need to be rectified soon.

Following table summarizes the details of the nurses’ quarters’ area.

Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation

System
09 12m 68m 820m2 Moderately steep slope; a). Stabilize the slope with
approximately 550 soil soil nailing with grid beams
overburden consist of and hydroseeding,
 residual soil; Scaffolding is
Horizontal drains,
needed for soil nailing b). Surface drainage system
with crown and cascade
drains.
Total area to be soil nailed in Nurses’ Quarters area is 820m 2 and the approximate cost would be
Euros. 900,000.00.

4.0 SKIN WARD AND MENTAL WARD AREA

Introduction

Skin ward and the mental ward area of the Kandy hospital is also identified as potential danger area.
Skin ward has an area of 250m 2. Slope above the skin ward area has a slope of approximately 50 0 and
right to the slope is the boundary wall of hospital. Therefore a failure in the slope would affect the skin
ward as well as the residents next to the hospital boundary.

Approx. area
350m2
Skin Ward

The mental ward area has an area of 180m2 and the approximate angle of the slope is 400-450. The
rectification method could be construction of a RRM wall with turfing of the top of the slope.
Following table summarizes the details of the sections in skin ward and mental ward area.
Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation System
2
10 10m 35m 350m Moderately steep slope; a). Stabilize the slope with
approximately 500 soil soil nailing with grid beams
overburden consist of and hydroseeding,
residual soil; Scaffolding Horizontal drains,
is needed for soil nailing b). Surface drainage system
with crown and cascade
drains.
Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation System
11 4m 30m Turfing – Mild steep slope; a). Construct RRM retaining
2 0
75m approximately 40 - wall with 2m height
RRM wall – 450, soil b). Reshaping the upper slope
30m overburden consist and turfing
of residual soil; c).Surface drainage system
with crown drain connecting
to existing cascade drain

Total area to be soil nailed in Skin wards area is 350m 2 and the approximate cost would be
Euros.400,000.00.

Total approximate cost for the proposed rectification work would be Euros. 20,000.00.

5.0 CANCER HOME AREA

Introduction

The “Cancer Home” premises next to the Kandy – Hantana Road also need to be rectified as the slope
has already been collapsed.
 Section 12
Approx. Area 100m2

Collapsed Area
 Retaining wall to
be continued
Area to be removed

Following table summarizes the details of the “Cancer Home” area.

Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation

System
12 20m 50m 1000m2 Moderately steep slope; a). Stabilize the slope with
approximately 500 soil soil nailing with grid beams
overburden consist of and hydroseeding,
residual soil; Scaffolding Horizontal drains,
is needed for soil nailing b). Surface drainage
system with crown and
cascade drains.
13 6m 20m - Moderately steep slope; a). Continue the existing
approximately 550 soil retaining wall
overburden consist of
residual soil; Scaffolding
is needed for soil nailing
Total area to be soil nailed in Cancer Home area is 1000m 2 and the approximate cost would be Euros.
550,000.00. and the approximate cost for the retaining wall would be Euros. 20,000.00.

6.0 OLD CANCER WARD AREA

The Old cancer ward of Kandy hospital is one of the oldest building of the kandy hospital. The
surrounding premises drug stores and material stores with a security office. This area also identified as
potential danger area as the slope has already eroded. It has an area of 500m 2.
 Section Height Length Area Findings Proposed Mitigation
System
2
14 15m 30m 450m steep slope with a a). Stabilize the slope with
vertical cut at the right soil nailing with grid beams
side of the slope; soil and hydroseeding,
overburden consist of Horizontal drains,
weathered lateritic soil; b). Surface drainage system
Scaffolding is needed for with crown and cascade
soil nailing drains.
Total area to be soil nailed in Old Cancer ward area is 1000m 2 and the approximate cost would be
Euros. 300,000.00.

ANNEXURE
SECTION 01

SECTION 02
SECTION 03

SECTION 04
SECTION 05

SECTION 06
SECTION 07

SECTION 08
SECTION 09

SECTION 12

SECTION 14