Optimization HL questions [65

marks]
 A right circular cone of radius r is inscribed in a sphere with centre O and radius
R as shown in the following diagram. The perpendicular height of the cone is h, X
denotes the centre of its base and B a point where the cone touches the sphere.

1a. Show that the volume of the cone may be expressed by [4 marks]
V = π3 (2Rh2 − h3 ).
1b. Given that there is one inscribed cone having a maximum volume, show [4 marks]
32πR 3
that the volume of this cone is 81 .
 Points A , B and T lie on a line on an indoor soccer field. The goal, [AB] , is 2
metres wide. A player situated at point P kicks a ball at the goal. [PT] is
perpendicular to (AB) and is 6 metres from a parallel line through the centre of
[AB] . Let PT be x metros and let α = AP ^ B measured in degrees. Assume that the
ball travels along the floor.

2a. Find the value of α when x = 10. [4 marks]

2
2b. Show that tan α 2x [4 marks]
= x2+35
.

tan
 The maximum for tan α gives the maximum for α.

2c. (i) Find dd (tan α). [11 marks]

x

(ii) Hence or otherwise find the value of α such that dd (tan α) = 0.

x
d2
(iii) Find
d x2
(tan α) and hence show that the value of α never exceeds 10°.

⩾ 7∘
2d. Find the set of values of x for which α ⩾ 7∘ . [3 marks]

In triangle ABC, BC = √3cm , AB ^ =

^ C = θ and BCA π
.
3

3a. Show that length AB 3 [4 marks]

= .
√3 cos θ +sin θ

3b. Given that AB has a minimum value, determine the value of θ for which [4 marks]
this occurs.

^ ∘
 ^R
Consider the triangle PQR where Q P = 30∘ , PQ = (x + 2)cm and
PR = (5 − x)2 cm , where −2 < x < 5.

4a. Show that the area, Acm2 , of the triangle is given by [2 marks]
A = 14 (x3 − 8x2 + 5x + 50).

4b. (i) State ddA . [3 marks]

x

(ii) Verify that ddA

x
= 0 when x = 13 .

2
4c. (i) d 2A 1 [7 marks]
Find
d x2
and hence justify that x= 3
gives the maximum area of
triangle P QR.
(ii) State the maximum area of triangle P QR.
(iii) Find QR when the area of triangle P QR is a maximum.
 5. Engineers need to lay pipes to connect two cities A and B that are [15 marks]
separated by a river of width 450 metres as shown in the following
diagram. They plan to lay the pipes under the river from A to X and then under the
ground from X to B. The cost of laying the pipes under the river is five times the
cost of laying the pipes under the ground.
Let EX = x.

Let k be the cost, in dollars per metre, of laying the pipes under the ground.
(a) Show that the total cost C, in dollars, of laying the pipes from A to B is given
by C = 5k√202 500 + x2 + (1000 − x)k.

(b) (i) Find dC

d
.
x
(ii) Hence find the value of x for which the total cost is a minimum,
justifying that this value is a minimum.
(c) Find the minimum total cost in terms of k.
^B
The angle at which the pipes are joined is AX = θ.
(d) Findθ for the value of x calculated in (b).
For safety reasons θ must be at least 120°.
Given this new requirement,
(e) (i) find the new value of x which minimises the total cost;
(ii) find the percentage increase in the minimum total cost.

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