MODULE 1
Behavior of Gases
1. What theory explains the
behavior of gases based on
the motion of their particles?
2.What are the assumptions
of the Kinetic Molecular
Theory?
3.What are ideal gases, and
how do they relate to the
Kinetic Molecular Theory?
4.How does temperature
affect the kinetic energy of
gas particles?
5.Define Boyle’s Law and its
mathematical expression.
6.How does pressure relate
to volume according to
Boyle’s Law?
7.If the pressure of a gas
decreases, what happens to
its volume according to
Boyle’s Law?
8.What is the formula to
calculate the new volume of
a gas when pressure changes
under constant temperature
The Kinetic Molecular Theory.
The assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular
Theory include: (1) negligible volume of gas
particles, (2) constant random motion of
particles, (3) no interparticle attractions, (4)
conservation of kinetic energy during
collisions, and (5) temperature affecting the
average kinetic energy of particles.
Ideal gases are theoretical gases that follow
the assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular
Theory, providing a simplified model for
understanding the behavior of real gases.
Temperature affects the kinetic energy of gas
particles, with higher temperatures leading to
higher average kinetic energy of particles.
Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a gas is
inversely proportional to its pressure when
temperature and amount of gas are held
constant, expressed as P1V1 = P2V2.
According to Boyle’s Law, pressure and
volume are inversely related; as pressure
decreases, volume increases, and vice versa.
If the pressure of a gas decreases, its volume
increases according to Boyle’s Law.
The formula to calculate the new volume of a
gas when pressure changes under constant
temperature and amount of gas is V2 = (P1V1)
/ P2.
8.In the example problem The formula to calculate the new volume of
related to Boyle’s Law, what a gas when pressure changes under constant
is the initial pressure of the temperature and amount of gas is V2 =
gas? (P1V1)/P2.

In the example problem related to Boyle’s

9.What is the new volume Law, the initial pressure of the gas is 1.0 atm.
occupied by the gas in the
Boyle’s Law example
problem?
The new volume occupied by the gas in the
10.Explain how pressure is Boyle’s Law example problem is 4.0 L.
determined in a gas
according to the text.
Pressure in a gas is determined by the
11.Describe Charles’ Law and frequency of particle collisions with the
its mathematical expression. container walls.

12.What happens to the
volume of a gas when its
temperature increases,
according to Charles’ Law?
13.If the temperature of a gas
is doubled, what happens to
its volume according to
Charles’ Law?
14.What unit of temperature
is used in Charles’ Law?
Charles’ Law.
According to Charles’ Law, the volume of a
gas increases with increasing temperature,
provided pressure and amount of gas remain
constant.
If the temperature of a gas is doubled, its
volume also doubles according to Charles’
Law.

The Kelvin scale.

15.What is the relationship
between temperature and
volume in Charles’ Law?
Temperature and volume are directly
16.In the Charles’ Law proportional in Charles’ Law; as temperature
example problem, what is the increases, volume increases, and vice versa.
initial temperature of the
gas? In the Charles’ Law example problem, the
initial temperature of the gas is 300.0 K.
17.What is the new volume
occupied by the gas in the
Charles’ Law example
problem?
18.What is the new volume The new volume occupied by the gas in the
occupied by the gas in the Charles’ Law example problem is 16.67 L.
Charles’ Law example
problem?

19.Explain the relationship As temperature increases in a container, gas

between temperature and particles move faster and exert more
pressure in a container as pressure on the container walls, causing
described in the text. expansion to maintain constant pressure.

20.How does the behavior of With an increase in temperature, gas

gas particles change with an particles move faster and collide with the
increase in temperature container walls more frequently, resulting in
according to the text? increased pressure.

21.How does an increase in An increase in temperature leads to an

temperature affect the increase in pressure in a container, requiring
pressure of a gas in a the container to expand to maintain
container? constant pressure.

22.What compensates for the The expansion of the container compensates

increase in pressure due to for the increased pressure exerted by gas
temperature changes in a particles at higher temperatures.
container, as mentioned in
the text?

23.Describe the behavior of At low temperatures, gas particles exert

gas particles at low lower pressure on container walls due to
temperatures according to decreased kinetic energy and slower motion.
the text.

24.What causes a gas An increase in temperature causes gas

container to expand when particles to exert more force on container
temperature increases, as walls, leading to expansion to accommodate
described in the text? the increased pressure.

25.How does the Kinetic The Kinetic Molecular Theory supports gas
Molecular Theory support laws by explaining the behavior of gas
gas laws? particles in response to changes in pressure,
volume, and temperature.

26.Why are ideal gases Ideal gases are considered hypothetical

considered hypothetical? because real gases may deviate from the
assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory
under certain conditions.
27.What is absolute zero, and Absolute zero is the lowest possible
what does it represent in temperature, equivalent to 0 Kelvin or
terms of temperature? -273.15 degrees Celsius, representing the
absence of kinetic energy in particles.

28.How is temperature Temperature is measured on the Kelvin

measured on the Kelvin scale.
scale?

29.What is the relationship The Kelvin scale is equivalent to the absolute

between the Kelvin scale and temperature scale, where 0 Kelvin
the absolute temperature represents absolute zero.
scale?

30.Explain the concept of Absolute zero on the Kelvin scale indicates

absolute zero in relation to the complete absence of molecular motion
the Kelvin scale. in a substance.

31.What happens to the At absolute zero, the motion of gas particles

motion of gas particles at ceases entirely.
absolute zero?

32.How is the volume of a gas Changes in pressure and temperature affect

affected by changes in the volume of a gas according to Boyle’s and
pressure and temperature Charles’ Laws, respectively.
according to Boyle’s and
Charles’ Laws?

33.What is the significance of Keeping the amount of gas constant ensures

keeping the amount of gas consistency in the application of gas laws.
constant in the gas laws?

34.Why is the Kelvin scale The Kelvin scale is preferred for temperature
preferred for temperature measurements in gas laws because it directly
measurements in gas laws? relates to the kinetic energy of gas particles.

35.How do changes in Changes in pressure affect the volume of a

pressure affect the volume of gas; as pressure increases, volume
a gas in a container? decreases, and vice versa.

36.Why does the volume of a An increase in temperature at constant

gas increase when pressure leads to an increase in volume to
temperature is increased at maintain equilibrium.
constant pressure?
37.Describe the behavior of Gas particles move faster and collide with
gas particles when the container walls more frequently as
temperature is increased in a temperature increases, exerting more
container. pressure on the walls.

38.What role does the The elasticity of gas particles allows them to
elasticity of gas particles play bounce off container walls, contributing to
in Boyle’s Law? pressure and volume changes as described
in Boyle’s Law.

39.How does Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law explains the behavior of gas
explain the behavior of gas volume with changes in pressure by
volume with changes in considering the elastic collisions of gas
pressure? particles with container walls.

40.Why is it important to It is important to consider temperature and

consider the temperature amount of gas when applying gas laws to
and amount of gas when ensure accurate predictions of gas behavior.
applying gas laws?

41.What does the constant in The constant in Boyle’s Law depends on

Boyle’s Law depend on? temperature and the amount of gas in the
sample.

42.How does Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law describes the inverse

relate pressure and volume relationship between pressure and volume
in a gas system? in a gas system.

43.What factors affect the The constant in Charles’ Law depends on

constant in Charles’ Law? pressure and the amount of gas.

44.How does the volume of a According to Charles’ Law, the volume of a

gas change when its gas decreases when its temperature
temperature is decreased decreases, provided pressure and amount of
according to Charles’ Law? gas remain constant.

45.What is the relationship Boyle’s Law describes the inverse

between pressure and relationship between pressure and volume
volume in a gas container, as in a gas container.
described in Boyle’s Law?

46.How does the Kinetic The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains how
Molecular Theory explain the gas particles behave in response to changes
behavior of gas particles in in pressure and temperature.
terms of pressure and
temperature?
 47.What happens to gas With an increase in temperature, gas
particles when temperature particles move faster and collide with each
increases, as described in the other and the container walls more
text? frequently.

48.How does the behavior of

gas particles change with
changes in volume?
49.Why does the volume of a
gas increase when its
temperature increases at
constant pressure?
50.How does the Kinetic
Molecular Theory provide a
basis for understanding the
behavior of real gases?
Changes in volume affect the behavior of gas
particles, leading to adjustments in pressure
and temperature to maintain equilibrium.
An increase in temperature at constant
pressure results in an increase in volume to
compensate for the increased pressure
exerted by gas particles.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory provides a
theoretical basis for understanding the
behavior of real gases, despite deviations
from ideal gas behavior under certain
conditions.

SUMMARIES
1. The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the behavior of gases based on
the motion of their particles, with assumptions including constant
random motion, negligible volume of particles, and no interparticle
attractions.

2. Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to

its pressure when temperature and amount of gas are held constant,
expressed mathematically as P1V1 = P2V2.

3. An example problem illustrating Boyle’s Law involves calculating the

new volume of a gas when its pressure changes while keeping
temperature and amount of gas constant.

4. Pressure in a gas container is determined by the frequency of particle

collisions with the container walls, affecting volume and pressure
inversely.

5. Charles’ Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to

its absolute temperature when pressure and amount of gas are constant,
expressed as V1/T1 = V2/T2.
6. An example problem demonstrating Charles’ Law involves calculating
the new volume of a gas when its temperature changes while pressure
and amount of gas remain constant.

7. Gas particles exert more pressure on container walls as temperature

increases, leading to container expansion to maintain constant pressure.

8. The Kinetic Molecular Theory supports gas laws such as Boyle’s and
Charles’ Laws by explaining the behavior of gas particles in response to
changes in pressure, volume, and temperature.

9. Ideal gases are theoretical gases that adhere to the assumptions of the
Kinetic Molecular Theory, providing a basis for understanding the
behavior of real gases.

10.The Kelvin scale, based on absolute zero, is used in gas laws due to its
direct relation to kinetic energy and the behavior of gas particles at
extreme temperatures.

11. Ideal gases are theoretical gases that follow the assumptions of the
Kinetic Molecular Theory. These assumptions include negligible volume
of gas particles, constant random motion, and no interparticle
attractions. While real gases may deviate from these assumptions under
certain conditions, ideal gases provide a simplified model for
understanding gas behavior.

12. Boyle's Law describes the inverse relationship between the pressure
and volume of a gas when temperature and amount of gas are held
constant. As pressure increases, volume decreases, and vice versa. This
law is important in various applications, such as in the compression of
gases and the operation of pneumatic systems.

13. Charles' Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to
its absolute temperature when pressure and amount of gas are constant.
As temperature increases, volume increases, and vice versa. This law
helps explain phenomena such as the expansion of gases in hot air
balloons and the behavior of gases in heating and cooling processes.
14. Gas laws such as Boyle's and Charles' Laws have been experimentally
verified under controlled conditions. These experimental observations
support the theoretical framework provided by the Kinetic Molecular
Theory. By conducting experiments and collecting data, scientists have
been able to validate the relationships between pressure, volume,
temperature, and amount of gas in various gas systems.

15. Practical Applications of Gas Laws: Gas laws have numerous practical
applications in everyday life and various fields of science and
engineering. They are used in industries such as manufacturing,
healthcare, and environmental monitoring. Understanding gas behavior
and applying gas laws allows engineers and scientists to design systems,
predict outcomes, and solve problems related to gases efficiently and
accurately.