Name:

E rgt 9896Renewable Systems

Final Exam, Instructor:
August5,2008.Duration:2.5 hours,
r
FNANCIS TUNAIilT GFF'
^?i
t t -

E'
g
5 A a
t
E; frao
E
L
U m
€,,
x'
U
z
<luatoEqugnrnt 6
a
Llrnlldorr
L t
a d o
] I
i
i4r-..""1-,*.r.-*r--,,,,, , j".,,.'.,, , , ,.-r.l
xr ll .8 ,lt g ir d/, 6! ,o rl lo-lt ro-ti'il
o o o o o { 0 l o c o f l ' ]
!|ERC€NNAO€ O' ?URH+IE FL(I,V

Ql. Flow n curve of a small-hydrosite is given Availableheadat that siteis l0m,

turbine flow rateis l2m3ls,efFrciency oith. is 90o/oand penstbck lossesne llVo.
of the selectedturbine arealso shown Calculatethe expectpdannualenergy
output the installation.(6)
N a m e :. . . . . MUN #:
 MIIN #:

Q2. Some of a 3.6MW wind

ical specifications are given on the next page.
Proposea trol systemof this wind (i.e.
turbine. Draw control systemblock diagram,
explainits pervisory/dynamicconkollerandlist a typi I sequence of operationfrom
startupto s wn.) (2+1+2)
 MUN #:

GE 3.6IUW ind Turbine Technical Specifications

Operating
R?!gd!-?p-lc-! kW'..
31699
Cut-inwind 3,1C..1.,..
Cut-out rvind 2-7..m$..
Rated wind r 14m/s
Rotor
Nurnberof 1
Rotordi 104m

"s-ry-9p.l3rg-q"*. 8,495mr
n*ertrg*-f 8.5- 15.3rpm
Tower
H*,ujgiel]ll
Powereontr **Ie-ubd-g8ltc.l-99{',r","9!
Gearbox
Three step spurgearsystem
Generator
asynchronousgenerator
Converter
IGBT-frequency
modulated
Pulse-widtti converter
Braking Systfm ( fail-safe)
pitchcontrolfor eachblade(threeself-contain systems)
Electromechanical
Hydraulicflarking brake
Yaw System
drivenwith wind directionsensorandautomat cableunwind
Electromechanical
Control Systdm
Programm{blelogic controller(PLC), dynamic controller
Remotecorltrol and monitoring system
Lightning Prptection System
Lightning rFceptorsinstalledalong blades
Surgeprote]ctionin electricalcomponents
Tower Desigli
concreteand tubular steelI
Hybrid towpr rnadeof prestressed t, tubular steeltower (offshoredesign
acco4dingto location)
Hoisting Systpm
Optional infegratedhoisting system to service major, making cranesunnecessary
Note: sub.iectfo technicalalterations,errorsand omissions

4

Q3. A 7 W 120V,60Hzcompactfluorescentlampis
for li We want to meetthis electricity requirement
Average solarinsolationin St. John'sis 3.25k
panelsfaci southand 80% efficient batterycharge
80% effici inverter.Calculatethe total areaof the
is needed build sucha systemand draw a block di
MUN #:
for 5 hour inthe night everyday
ing a fixed rooftopsolarpanel.
/day. Assume I2a/oefficient solar
ler,7Uo/obattery efficiency and
solarpanel. Explainwhat else
of the proposedsystem.(2+3)
 MIIN #:

Q4. What the difference between an active and passive tracker?Explainwhy do we

needa MP alongwith a solartracker?Explainthe ng principleof a passivesolar
trackingsy (l+l+2)
 MUN #:

Q5. Explaintwo methodsof measuringheadandtwo of measuringflow rate for a

pico-hydroinstallation. (2+2)
Name: MUN #:

Q6. Explainhow tidesareproducedandcalculatetheir period.Calculatepossibleannual

energyoutputon a sitewheretidesare lOm high and basinareais lkm'. (2+2)
Name: MUN #:

Q7. Explain the working principle of Salter'sDuck type ve energyconverter.(2!)