MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

9.75
choes, IS
shoes, is of great importance to the businessman dealing in readymade garments or
choes. Many problems of production are related with mode.
5) Geometric Mean : Gcometric mean can advantagcously be used in
the
construction of index numbers. It makes the index number, reversible and gives equal
eioht to equal ratio of changes. This average is also useful in measuring the growth
of population, because population increascs in geometric progression. When there is
wide dispersiOn in a series, gcometric mean is a useful averagc.

6) Harmonic Mean : This average is uscful in the cases where

time, rate and
nrices are involved. When it is desired to give the largest weighto
the smallest item, it
chould be used. Every average has special characteristics. In the words of Horace
Secrist, Caution, foresight and analysis are necessary at every step in the use of
average.
Limitations of Averages
Average is one figure which represents the whole
series but it does not describe
the characteristicsof all the values. As such it is
necessary to use the average with
immense caution. Average does not throw any light on the construction of. the
series.
The measure of central tendency does not tell anything about the
scatteredness or
dispersal of items from it nor tell whether such dispersal is symmetrical or skewed. To
have the knowledge about the construction of series, we have to
study measures of
dispersion and skewness etc.

Miscellaneous Examination Problems

Tllustration 79: Fnd out Mode, Median and Arithmetic Mean from the following table
5 men get less than 4 30 men get less than 16
12 men get less than 8 36 men get less than 20
22 men get less than 1 2 40 men get less than R24
Solution
Calculation of Modé, Median and Mean
Wages MV ax' Jax'

0-4 5-0 5 2 10
4-8 12-5 7 6 7 12
8-12 22-12 10 10 0 0 22
12-16 30-22 8 14 +1 +8 30
16-20 36-30 6 18 +2 +12 36
20-24 40-36 4 22 +3 12 40
N 40 Zdx'=+15
Mode: By inspection, it is clearthat modal group is (8-12)
3
Formula=Z=1+ A
FormulaZ=h* ai +A2 xior 8+
3+2
x4 7 10,4

A 10-7=3,A2= 10-8=2, i=4,/-8

Median: m =N/2thitem or 40/2=20th item
9.76
It falls in 22 cf. whose value is (8 - 12) group.
STATISTIKS
711.2
M=+(m-c) =8+(20-12) or 8 +3.2=
10

Mean X) A+2xi = or 10+x4

40
= 10+ 1.5 =
7 11.5
N

So. Z=7 10.4, M =7 11.2 X =R 11.5

llistration 80: From the following table calculate Mode, Median and both quartiles
Marks More than 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20

No. of Students 7 18, 40, 40, 63, 65

Solution:
Calculation of Mode and Quartiles

Frequency Analytical Table

Marks No. of Items Cf.
IIII IV V V
20 30 20 30 I=01 | 2
30 40 23 30- 40 II =03 25
|40- 50| fo 25 40 50 II =02 25
22 45
50 60 22 50-60 I1l = 04 47
60 70 11 fe
18
33 40
33
60-70 II = 03 58
70-80 7 70 80 I= 01 65
N 65
Quartile Ist (Q1) Quartile 3rd (Q)
65 3N
t h item orth
4
43 th item or
4
= 48.75th
or 16.25th item which lies in item. It lies in 58 cfwhose size is
30-40 class group, Formula: 60-70. Formula to locate Q

Q =+q1 -) Q=h+7s-)
10
10
30+(16.25-2)
23
= 6 0 + x (48.75-47)

304 10x14.2or 30+6.2 36.2 marks

23 60+ or 60+1.6 =61.6 marks
11
N 65
Median (M): m=th
2 item or=32.5th
2 item.
which lies in 47 cf So median group is 50 -600

Formula: M=lLjt(m-c) orM50+582.5-25)

22

50+ 75 = 50 +3.409 or M 53.409 marks

O 22
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY 9.77
Modc (Z) modal group as per analysis table is 50-60; Formula to locate modeIS
2
Z=Lt So+/2 Or Z = 50+
0+11
-x
10

or Z
Z =
50
50++ 10 50 +10 = 60 marks
11
Thus. Z= 60 marks, M =53.41 marks, Q=36.2
marks and Q =61.6 marks
Illustration8ICalculatc Mcan, Median and Modc from the following data
Class 10-19 20-29 3039 40-49 |50-59 60-69 70-79
8
Frequency 19 29 36 25 13 4
Solution: Calculation of Mean and Median

Class MV dr fdx
A 44.5
9.5-19.5 14.5 30 -240 8

19.5-29.5 19 24.5 20 380 27

29.5-39.5 29 34.5 - 10 290 56

=A+2 Sdh
N
-280
39.5-49.5 36 44.5 0 0 92 = 44.5+ 134
134
49.5-59.5 25 54.5 +1 10 +250 117 44.5-2.09

59.5-69.5 13 64.5 +20 260 130 42.41 approx

69.5-79.5 74.5 +330 +120 134

N=134 280
134
= 67th item which lies in 92 cf, whose size= 39.5-49,5.
m=thitem or -
2

Formula: M =Lj + (m-c)or M = 39.5+67-56)

110
or39.5+ =39.5+ 3.06 or 42.56.
36

Calculation of Mode

Mode (Z) Analytical Table

No. of Items
V V
Class II I I IV
9.5- 19.5
9.5- 19.5
19.5 29.5 19 27 56
19.5-29.5 01

29.5-39.5 29 48 29.5- 39.5 l =03

39.5 49.5 36 84 39.5-49.5 | U I= 06

949.5- 59.5
s-59
49.5-59.5
59.5 69.5
25
13 38 14 59.5-69.5 ll = 03

69.5- 79.5 4
7 69.5 79.5
 MEASURESOFC
9.78
STATISTKE Solution
Modal group is (39.5 -49.5)
Profit/Loss

Z= + J0-L, -L1) 39.5+x10 or 39.5+ 20

2 fo- J2 18 18

36-29 39.5+3.89 or 43.39

or 39.5+ (49.5-39.5)
72-29-25 -3000 to-2000

So. X =42.41, M= 42.56 and Z= 43.39 -2000 to- 100

llustration 82Calculate Arithmetic Average. Mean and Mode from the data given - 1000 to

below 0 to
100
1000 to 2000
Income in (less than): 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 2000 to 3000
No.ofWorkers I 100 90 80 60 3220 135
Total
RU 2007, MGSU 2014
Solution: Before solving the problem, the series is to be converted in the following
manner and afterwards calculate Mean and Median. X=A
Calculation of Mean and Median
Average Lo=
Income in No. of Mid Value| dx Jar'
Workers X A-45 KLos-
i= 10
70-80 10 75 +3 +30 10
Averages P
60-70 10 65 +2 +20 20
50-60 20 55 +1 X(Pra
20 40
40-50 45 0 68
30-40 12 35 Thus. overall
-12 80
20-30 25 of36 branches 1=
14 87
10-20 8 5 -24 95 llustration
0-10 5 20 100 median wage. (b)
N 100 should contrnbute
fbr=0
10% of their
X =A+ xi= 45+x10= 45 X =7 45 or
wages
N 100
m=
Monthly Wage
100/2thitem or 50th item. It
falls in (40-50) group M =l2 inF
--(m-c)
or 50-x (50-40) = 50-3.57 = F 46.43 50 80
28
80-100
So, Mean=7 45, Median = F 46.43, Mode= 746.67. 100-110
Jllustration 83 The working resulis in 2018 year of 50 branches of a concern are gnen
110-120
below. Find the average profit per branch and also calculate average loss of 14 branches and aven Solution
profit 36 branches.

No. of Branches
Monthly Wag
Loss Profit No. of Branches 50- 80
2000-3000 0-1000 12 80-100
000-2000 5
1000-200X l6 100-110
0-1000 20000-30O0 8 l10-120
120 1300
130-150
150- 180
180-200
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY 9.79

Soution: Calculation of Arithmetic Mean

Profit/Loss No. of M.V dr=(X-A/i fdr'
firms
A-500
dx'
3000 to - 2000 3 2500 2 7500
2000 to- 1000 - 1500
-5 -7,500
- 1000 to 0 - 500
0 -3,000
0to 1000 12 500 +1 12 +6,000
1000 to 2000 16 1500 +2 32 +24,000
2000 to 3000 2500 +3 24 +20,000
Total 50 +57 -18,000
+50,000
X = A+ xi =
-500+x1000 -500+1140 or z 640
N 50
Average Loss of First 14 branches:
-18,000
or =
X(Loss)=2 R1,285.714 (Loss)
N 14
Averages Profit of Remaining 36 branches:

=
S0,000 =
X or
(Profit) 2 7 1,388.89 (Profit)
N 36
Thus, overall mean= 7640 (profit), mean loss of 14 branches 1285.71 and mean profit
of36 branches 1388.80.
Illustration 84The following is the wage distribution of a certain factory: (a) Find the
median wage, (b) A fund is to be raised and it is decided that workers getting less than T 120
should contribute 5% of their wages and that those getting more than7 120 should contribute
10% of their wages. What sum will be collected ?
No. of Workers Monthly Wages No. of Worders
Monthly Wages
in in
30 120-130 176
50- 80
127 130-150 135
80-100
140 150-180 20
100-110
240 180-200
110-120
Solution: (a) Determination of Average Wages by Median
Monthly Wages in () No. of Workers () Cumulative Frequency (c)|
30 30
50- 80
127 57
80- 100
J00-110D 140 297 c
$37
T10-120 240
20-130 176 713
130-150 135 848
150-180 20 868
180-200 3 871
9.80
m=871/2 or 435.5th item. It lies in 537 cfwhose value is (110-120). so0
STATISTICS
10
M=h+m-c)or110+(4355297)
240
= l10+0-138,5
240
or110+5.77 7 115.77
(b) Calculation of Total Contribution Collected.
Wages No. of Workers| Mid-values Total Amount
50- 80 30 65 1,950 Total amount
80-100 127 90 11,430 755680 5% thereof
100-110 140 105 14,700 2,784
110-120 240 115 27,600
120-130 176 125 Total amount
130-150
22,000
135
150-180
140 18900 44,770 10% thereof
20 165 4,477
3,300
180-200 190 570
Therefore total contribution 2.784 + 4,477 T 7,261
llustration85:Phe following table
of an area. Calculáté gives distribution of male and female
the
median, quartiles and ages of population more than 75% population
Age Groups (Years)
Males
population:
0- 9 Females
285
10-19 279
223
20-29 183
167
30-39 176
40-49 140
91 147
50-59 103
60-69 56
26 73
70-79 31
12
Solution: Median and 8
computed. As such Quartiles of the ages of total
calculate the medianpopulatin
and
of males and females
are added
population is required to
De
quartiles. up and
find P6 Similary for
population over 75 %of thereafter we
Calculation of Median, population we wi
Age Groups (Years) X Quartiles and
0- 9.5
Frequency (Population) f Percentile
|
9.5-19.5 564 Cumulative Frequcncy
19.5-29.5 40 564
29.5-39.5 343 970
39.5-49.5 287 1313
49.5-59.55 194 600
59.5-69.5 129 1794
57 1923
69.5-795 1980
20
N 2000 2000
m=0or
2
=
1000th item. It falls in
19.5-29.5 group.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY 9.81
M=h+(m-c)or 19.5+ 343 1000-970) 19.5 + =19.5 +0.87 or 20.37 years
=
343
N 2000 3 3 N 3 x2000
or item
4 93 or item
4 4
(500)Jth item lies in 564 cfwhere =
(1500)th item lies in 1600 cfwhere
value is (0-9.5) value is (29.5-39.5)
Formula: Formula:
Q1 t ( 9 1 )
9.5
= 0+ 564 500-0) = 29.5 + 1500-1313)
287
= 29.5+10x187
=
0+8.42 or 8.42 years 287
or 36.02 years
6 x76x 2000
P16 1 0 0 or 1,520th item which lies in 1,600 cfwhose value is29.5 -39.5) Using
100
formula
P16h+(Pr6 - C) or = 29.5 + o1520-1313)
or =29.5+10x207 or 29.5+7.21= 36.71 years
287
So,M 20.37,2,=8.42
, 36.2,and P6 =
36.71 years
Illustration 86: The following table shows the frequency distribution of students of
marks obtained in Economics at an examination
Marks 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 3540
8 18 36 20 10 7
Frequency
On scrutiny the following mistakes in tabulation were found:
Students A B D E F
Correct Marks 41 23 36 l6 33 21
Entry Marks 36 28 34 6 17 26
Revise the frequency table and calculate the mean. Does the average change?
9.82
Solution: The changes in the frequencies will be as follows STATISTK
Class Intervals Unchanged Change
frequencyy
Changed
5-10 -(6)D
frequency
0
10-15 8 No change 8
15-20 18 +(16)D -(17)E 18
20-25 36 +(23) B+(21)F 38
25-30 20 -(28) B -(26)F 18
30-35 10 -(34) C+(33)E 10
35-40 7 -
(36) A+ (36) C 7
40-45 (New +(41)A
Total 100 100
Calculation of Mean
Marks Incorrect Correct A=22.5
Frequency h|Frequency f i=5 Sdr'
dx'
5-1 3
10-15 8 8 -2 16 - 16
15-20 18 18 - 1 - 18
20-25 -18
36 38 0
25-30 20 0
18
30-35 20 18
10 10
35-40 7 20 20
40-45 21 21
Total 100 100 4
24 29
before correction
after correction
= A+2de'-xi
N =A,2Jade'-Xi
24 N
22.5+x5
100 22.5+29 x 5
=22.5+12=23.7 marss 100
Thus, the correctedaverage is 23.95. 22.5+1.45 23.95 marks
=
Illustration, 874 The table below gives ior diterent
of families, the average amount monthly
Or income, ue numoeroI members income groups, the number
earners per family and the number of
e average
Monthly Income Number of Average
families Average No. of |
Group Income per members per Average No. of
family earners per
family
30-40 34 35 3.1 family
40-50 50 45 3.2
1.
50-60 39 55 36
60-70 37 65 4.0
1.2
 9.84
tastration 88: From the following table showing the average distribution in
STATI
On in
STE
a
factory, find out: cene
( )the mcan wage, (i) the median wage, (in) the modal wage.(iv) the wagelimitof
of mi
50% workers. (V) the percentage ofworkers who carncd betwcen 75-125, (vi) theperm (vi) the peroeM
ofworkers who carned more than 150 per week, and (vii) the percentage ofworke
earned less than 100 per weck:

Weckly wages () Employees Nos. Weekly Wages () Employees Nos

20 40 8 120-140 35
40 60 12 140-160 18
60-80 0 160- 180
80-100 30 180-200D
100-120 40 Total 175
Solution:
Calculation of Mean, Median, Mode& OtherValues
Wages 7 Workers ( Mid-values d'r fd'x Cum. freq.
20 40 8 30 4 32 8
40 60 12 50 36 20
60- 80 20 70 -40 40
80-100 30 90 1 30 70
100-120 40 110
110
120-140 35 130
35 145
140-160 18 150 2 36 163
160-180 170 3 21 170
180-200 5 190
20 175
N=175
2fdx=-26
X=A+2 N
i N
i) th item or
2
1 10+--26
=
x 20
175 =

2
or 87.5th item
=
1 10 2.97
-

or 107.03
By inspection modal 100- 120,
It lies in 110c.f. median
Formula: group=(l00- 120)
Z=h + A i
A tA2 M=t(m -c)
= 100 + - (40-30)
20
= 100+-20
(40-30)+(40-35) (87.5-70)
200 40
=
100 + or 113.33
15 =100+8.75 or 108.75
 MEASURES OF CENTRALTENDENCY

9.85

(iv) 91 or 4 43.75 item 3x175

= 131.25 th
4
which lies in 70 cf whOse valuc is
(80-100)
(v) Item which lies in
145 cf whose
value lines in
(120-140) group.)
120-140
Q =h+(91-c) i
Qs =+(7s -c)
80420

=80+43.75-40) = 120+(131.25-110)
35
80+20x3.75
30 = 120+2x21.25
=80+2.5 or 7 82.50 35
=

Range of middle 50% items Q-Q1 120+12.14 or 132.14

or 132.14-82.50 T 49.64
(vi) Number of workers whose weekly wages are between
(75-125)
as
No. of workers getting less
than 7 75 weekly wages
Wage group of 75 is 7 (60-80)
So ItP:-)= 75 or 60P-20) = 75
20

(P-20)=75-60 or P = 75 + 20-60 or 35

Similary no. of workers getting less than T 125 as weekly wages is included in Wage
group (120-140)T
20
So +(P, -c)=125 or 120+P-110)=125 or 20 -110)
35 35

=125-120 or P, - 1 10 = or Px =110+8.75 or 118.75 =119

20
nus no. of wokers whose wages are between (75-125) = 119-35 or 84.

Percentage =84x100 = 48%

175
N o . of workers whose weekly wages are more thant R 150, This lies in (140- 160)
wage group. Thus,
20
+P-c)= 150 or 140+P-145)=150 or(P-145)=150-140
9.86
or (P -145)=0x18or (Px = 145+9 = 154;
STATISTK
20
Thus no.ofworkers wlhosewages are more than F 150= 175- 154 = 21. Thene
e peroenm
21x100 12%
bcing 175
(vii) No. of workers whose weekly wages are less than F 100 is
70x100
= 8+12+20+30= 70. Percentage =-
40%
175
Thus: (i) X =107.03 , Gi) M=104.25 , (1ii)Z= 113.33, (ív)Q and Q= 782s
and 132.14-82.50 (V) 48%. (vi) 21%, (vii) 40%
Illustratioy89: Calculate Mean, Median and Mode after amending the followie
series
Classes 2 3 4 5-7 7-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 Toul
Frequency I2 2| 3 510 8 4 35
Solution: Class intervals as given are not uniform.
[RU200
Maximum interval is
frequency distribution is converted into classes with 5 class interval and then of 5, as such
the mode is
calculated.
Calculation of Mean, Median and Mode
Class MV A=12.5 step. dx
X
fd'x
dx
0- 5 5 2.5 -10 -2 - 10
5-10 8
5
7.5
10-15 1 8 13
10 12.5
15-20 8 0 23
17.5
20-25 4 8 31
22.5 10 8 35
35
Mean: X =A+2Jde
fd'r=-2
N Mode: Z=it is knovwn by
method that the maximum
the observation
=12.542x5
35 is
10, so the modal group is
frequency is l
= 12.5-0.2912.21 Ans. (10-15). thus.
Median:m: =17.5th item Z=tL-i
A+A
Median group is 10-15 = 10+
(10-8)
(10-8)+(10-8) **
M
=t(m-c) 10+17.5-13
=
10+-
2
MEASURES OFCENTRALTENDENCY 9.87
=
104*=10+2.25
10+*4.5
10
=12.25 Ans. = 10+2.5=12.5 Ans.
so X = 12.21, M = 12.25, Z = 12.5
lustration 90 ) : Calculate Mean, Median and Mode from the following data
Wages () 20-60 20-55 20-40 20-30
No. of Workers: 80 74 40 12
Wages () 20-50 20-45 20-25 20-35
No. of Workers: 67 55 22
Bikaner 2012; RU 2009, 2010, Kota 2013]
Solution: First of all we shall arrange the data in ascending order of the size in column
No. 1 and 2.
Wages Wages ( MV d .Jd'* ef
20-25 20-25 5 22.5 -3 - 15
20-30 12 25-30 7 27.5 14 12
20-35 22 30-35 10 32.5 10 22
20-40 40 35-40 18 37.5 0 40
20-45 55 40-45 15 42.5 +1 15 55
20-50 67 45-50 12 47.5 +2 24 67
20-55 74 50-55 7 52.5 +3 21 74
20-60 80 55-60 6 57.5 +4 24 80
N 80 2sdx=45|
X= A +2 Sdr
- x i or 37.5 x 5 = 37.5 +2.81 or 40.31
N
m= N/2 or 80/2
=
40th item which lies in 40 efwhose value group is (35-40),
Formula
M=l+(m-c)or 35+(40-22) =7 40
By inspection the modal group is 35-40, as its frequency is the highest.Thus
(18-10) 3x5
x S or 35+ X
x5
Z=l+ + A xi or 35+
(18-10)+ (18-15) 11
A +A2
So, 35+3.64 T 38.64 So, X =7 40.31, M z10
= 40, Z = 38.64
Z ={38.64
1llustration 90 (ü): Calculate median and mode from thefollowing data :
Wages in R) Less Less8-24 24& 32-40 400& | 48 &
than8than 16 above above above
No. of Persons 05 12 29 31 0819 05
MGSU 2013, MDSU 2012 (Modified), RU 2013]
 MEASURESOFCE CENTR
9.86
or (P-145)=
10x 18
or (P = 145+9)=| 154;
STATISTKS MEA
10+ 10
5x4.5
20
12.21,
21.The percEnMage X
=
Thus no. ofworkers whose wages are more than F 150= 175-154 = 21, The o . so
Sllustration90 (i
21x100
= 12%
being 175 Wages ( )
(vii) No. of workers whose weekly wages are less than 100 is No. o fW o r k e r s :
70x100 = 40%; Wages ( )
=8+12+20+30= 70. Percentage 1755 Workers .
of
No.
Thus: ) X= 107.03, i) M=104.25 T, (ii)Z= 113.33, (iv) Q; and Q= tk
t825 : First
of
and 132.14-82.50 (v) 48%. (vi) 21%, (vii) 40% Solution
a n d2.
llustration 89: Calculate Mean, Median and Mode after amending the followin No.
W a

1 g e s ( L I
series
Classes 2 3 5
4
5-7 7-10 10-1515-20 20-25 Tolal 20-25
12
Frequency I22 35|108| 4 35
20-30
22
20-35
[RU 2006 20-40
40
Solution: Class intervals as given are not uniform. Maximum interval is 20-45 55
of 5, as such
frequency distribution is converted into classes with 5 class interval and then the mode is 20-50 67
calculated. 20-55 74
20-60 80
Calculation of Mean, Median and Mode
Class MV A=12.5 step. dx
X dx i=5 - A2st
0- 5 2.5 10 2 10 N
5-10 8 7.5 -5 - 1
8 13 m= N/2 or 80/2=
10-15 10 12.5 0
23
15-20 8 17.5 5
31 Formula:
20-25 4 22.5 10 2 8 35
-35 2fd'r=- M-(mc
Mean X=A+2/arxi By inspection the=
N Mode: Z=it is known by the
method that
observation
=12.54*5
the maNimum
10, so the modal group is frequencythus
is
is I10 Z=l+ _
(10-15). A +A2
= 12.5-0.2912.21 Ans. So. 35+3.64 =
Median: m=- =17.5th item Z= +A llustration 90 (ie
Wages in (T)
Median group is 10-15 = 10+- (10-8)
(10-8) +(10-8)
2
No. of Persons
M =+(m-e) =10+(17.5-13)
10
= 10+ xS
2+2
MEASURESOF CENTRAL TENDENCY 9.87
=104
10+ 4.5
= 10+2.25 =
12.25 Ans.
10 =
10+2.5 =12.5 Ans.
so X =12.21, M =12.25, Z = 12.5
lustration 90 () : Calculate Mcan, Median and Mode from the following data
Wages ) 20-60 20-55 20-40 20-30
No. of Workers 80 4 40 2
Wages () 20-50 20-45 20-25 20-35
No. of Workers 67 55 5 22
Bikaner 2012; RU 2009, 2010, Kota 2013]
Solution First of all we shall arrange the data in ascending order of the size in column
No. 1 and 2.
Wages (R) Wages ()| ) MV d'x fd'x c
20-25 5 20-25 22. - 15 5
20-30 12 25-30 27.5 14 12
20-35 22 30-35 10 32.5 - 10 22
20-40 40 35-40 18 37.5 0 0 40
20-45 55 40-45 5 42.5 +1 15 55
20-50 67 45-50 12 47.5 +2 24 67
20-55 74 50-55 52.5 +3 21 74
20-60 80 55-60 57.5 +4 24 80
N=80 2fd'x=45
A Sde"-x i or 37.5 +
45
x 5 = 37.5 + 2.81 or 40.31
80
m= N/2 or 80/2 = 40th item which lies in 40 cfwhosevalue group is (35-40).
Formula:
M=+(m-c)or 35+40-22)=R 8
40
By inspection the modal group is 35-40, as its frequency is the highest. Thus
Z=l + -xior 35 +- (18-10) x5 or 35+
(18-10)+ (18-15) 11
So, 35+3.64 = 7 38.64 So, X =T 40.31, M =7 40, Z =738.64
llustration 90 (ii): Calculate median and mode from thefollowing data:
Wages in ) Less Less 8-24 24&32-40 40& 48 &
than 8 than 16 above above above
No. of Persons 05 12 29 31 08 19 05
MGSU 2013, MDSU 2012 (Modified), RU 2013
.88
STATISTIKS
Solution: First we should simplify by the above series and then we shall cla
mcdian and mode. aculate
Wages in No. of Grouping of Frequencies Step deviation
Persons Containing
(Froq.) maximumn
frequency
0- 8 5-0=05 5
8-16 12-5-07J 34 III 12
16-24
24-32
32-40
29-1-2d
31-27-0426
Given 08.
22

29
33
34

HHL
III
34
38
46
40- 48 19-5 14- 26
27
60
48-56 5-0 05
65
Total N 65
Median:
65 Mode : Since size 16-24
n or 32.5t item occurs 6 times being
maximum size, it is the modal group.
It lies in 34 cfvalue =
(16-24) Formula is:
M = + - x (m - c) Z =h+ A i
A +A2
8
=
l6+ x(32.5 12) -
= 16+. 22-7
22 8
8x20. (22-7)+((22-4)
=
16+ 22
=
16 +7.45 15
=
16+-
={ 23.45 15+18 X8 or 16 + 3.64
=19.64 or Z=r19.64
Illustration 91From the following data, calculate Mean, Median
and Mode
Wages in No. of Persons
Less than 20 Wages in No. of Persons
Less than 40 80-100 8
12 100 and above
20-60 29 19
120 and above
60 and above 31
Solution: Before we solve the problem, first RU 2013]
below of all the series has to be amended as
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEASURES
9.89
Calculation of Mean, Median and Mode
Wages in No. of Mid
Persons (F) Step deviation
Value (dr) fdr'
(X) A 70, i20
0- 20 5-0 05 10
20- 40 12-5=07 15 5
30
40- 60 29-7 22 14 12
50
-22 34
60- 80 31-27 04 70 0 0
80-100 Givn 08 38
90 +1 +
100-120 19-5 14 46
110 +2 28
120-140 Given 05 60
130 +3 +15 65
Total N=65 (X) A=70,i-20 +51-51-=0|
X=A+ Xi 65th
m= o r 32.5th item
2
70 20 or 70-0
65 It lies on 34 cfwhose size is 40 -60.
7 0 - 0 ={ 7 0
Formula to locate median:
Mode: by inspection lies in (40 -60) M=h+m-c)
whose frequency is the maximum. 20
= 40+(32.5 -12)
22
205
A-foor 22-7 15 40+ or 40+18.64
11
A2 Ji-o or 22-4 18 =T 58.64
Z=+
Z-h xi
+A2 Thus, = 70, M= 58.64
15
=
40 + x 20 Z=49.09
15 +18
300
=
40 +
=40+9.09 or 49,09
33
lustration 92:Ten percent of the workers ina firm, cumploying a total of 2000 men.
carn less than7 2,00 per day, 480 earn from 2.00 toR 2.24 per day, 30 peroent carnfrom
225 to. 2.49 perday, 370 carn from r 2.50 to7 2.74 perday, 12 percent carn fiom? 2.75 to
2.99 per day and the rest earn 3.00 or more per day. What is the median wage?
MDSU 2018, JNVU 2012
 MEASURES OF CENTRA
9.90
Calculation of Median
STATISTICS Illustration94:
Solution: vo-
and alsoive
Class intcrvals carnings? No. of workers % Freq. Cum.freq, median
X10-202030 30
Under 2.00 10%of2,000 200 200
Given 480 680
7 2107 2.24
G00 1280 Solution
2.25 to 2.49 30%of2,000
Given 370 1650 MV
T2.50 to R 2.74 Class
240 1890 X
2.75 toR 2.99 12%of2,000
Given 110 2000
3.00 and over
0-10
N=2,000 5
Total 10-20
25
20-30
m Size ofth item = 0 =1000th item, So median group is 2.25 to 249
35
30-40
2 5
40-50
.25x 320
25 50-60 55
M=l+(m-c)=2.25+(1000-680) or 2.25+ 600 5
600 60-70
70-80 75
2.25+.13=72.38 approx 80-90

Illustration 93 Calculatemean, mode and median from the following data:

Wages in below 13 13-15 15-17below 19|below21 21-23 below23 Note: In the probi
No. of Labourers 30 50 60 210 260 4 0 330
are5+7 + 10-22 It me
JNVU 2007 of 0-10 group = 24-22

Solution: Calculation of Mean, Mode and Median

frequency of80-90 grou
Wages in FrequencCy MV X-A Stepdev Jdx' cf
A= 18 d d'x Mean
-

12 90 30
11-1330 80
13-15 50 14 100 Median:
15-17 60 16 -2 50 140
210 This lies in 76 cf
17-19 70(210-140 18 0 0 0
19-21 50 (260-210 20 +2 50 260
80 300 Formula to locate
21-23 40 22 +4 +2
23-25 30 (330-300) 24 +6 +3 90 330 or 40+5 4 5

Total Modal group by

N=330 Lidx=-30
Mean: = A+ x=18+ =18-or 18-0.18 =T17.82 Z =h+
N 330 33
Mode (Z): By inspection method the Modal Group is 17-19 llustration 95:
=/ t A -xi where, A = 70-60 = 10, A2 =70-50 20 Profit&Los
ZZ tA2 3000 to 4000
2000 to 3000
10 1000 to 2000
Thus, Z 17+ x 2 or 17+0.67 = 17.67
10+20 Oto 1000
330 -1000 to 0
Median: m =th item==165th iem; It lies in Median group= (17-
2000 to-1000
2 3000 to-2000
M=l+m-c) or 17+(165-140) or 17+ or 17+0.71 =z 17.71
70 70 4000 to-3000
 M
AMFASURESOF CENTRAL TENDENCY 9.91

llustration 94: Simplily the following distribution and determine mean, mode and
median andalsogiveyour comncnts:
K 10-2020-30 30-40 Up to 40 |40-50 Above 50|50-60 60-70 70-80 70-90
S 7 10 24 52 24 10 ? 5 7J
Soution: Calculation of Mean, Mode and Median JNVU2007
Class MV
X
Frequcncy| Deviation Step Deviation
J X-A dr' =dx/i Jdr'
A= 45 d
0-10 40
10-20 15 30 -15
20-30 25 - 14
20 4
30-40 35 0 10 - 10 A
40-50 45 52 0 0 76
50-60 55 10 +10 10 86
60-70 65 +20 14 93
70-80 15 +30 15 98
80-90 85 +40 8 100
N=100 2fdtx'= 0
Note: In the problem frequency upto 40 is 24, but frequencies of 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40
are 5+7+ 10-22 It means one more group 0-10 is also included 40.
in upto Thus frequency
of 0-10 group= 24-22 or 2. Frequency of 70-80 group is 5 but 70-90 gropu is 7. As such
frequency of80-90 group = 7-5=2. Similary frequency of60-70 group would be244(10+5+2)=7.

X=A 2 f d r
Mean -xi or 45 +x100 45
N 100
100
Median: m=size of th item or 50th item
2
This lies in 76 cf whose size is 40-50 group.

Formula to locate median: M=l +m-c)or 40+ 10

10 (50-24) = 40+x
52 26
52
or 40+5 = 45

Modal group by inspection is 40-50. Formula to locate Mode:

52-10
Z =h+ -xi or 40 x 10 40+5 or 45
(52-10)+(52-10)
llustration 95: Catculate Mean, Median and Mode by following data :
Profit & Loss (In <) No. of Firms
3000 to 4000 6
2000 1o 3000 10
1000 to 20000 I5
Oto 1000
-1000 to 0
2000 to-1000
3000 to-2000
4000 10-3000 RU 2013]
9.92
Solution: First of al lwe will array the serics in ascending order as follows STATISTIK
Profit/Loss M.V(X) Sx CF
4000 1o 3000 -3500 -24500
3000 to -2000 2500 -10000
-2000 to -1000 -1500 -75000 16
-

1000 1o 0 6 -500 -3000 22

0 to 1000 7 500 3500 29
1000 to 2000 15 1500 22500 44
2000 to 3000 10 2500 25000 4
3000to 4000 6 3500 21000 60
N 60 2x = 27,000

Mcan =

N
_27,000z 450
60
Median:

M-9
oU30th item
Thus 1000 to 2000 is Median
Group

M=L+m-c)
= 1000+ 1000 (30-29)

= 1000+66.67

M =1066.67
Mode:
By Inspection method group 1000 to 2000 is
Mode group

Z-L +a-xi
+
= 1000+ x10o0
8+5

= 1000 + 8000
13

= 1000 +615.39

Z=1615,39

A S-o =15-7 8
A - 2 = I5-10=5