A salt contains 59.0% sodium and 41.0% oxygen.

Given that the formula mass of the salt is

78. determine its formula. (Na = 23, 0, O=16.0). (3 marks)

When a hydrated sample of calcium sulphate CaSO4 XH2O was heated until all the water was lost,
the following data recorded;
Mass of crucible = 30.296 g
Mass of crucible +hydrated salt = 33.111 g
Mass of crucible + anhydrous salt = 32.781 g
Determine the empirical formula of the hydrated salt (Relative formula mass of CaSO 4 =136,
H2O =18). (3marks)

You are provided with:

0.1M sodium hydroxide solution A

Hydrochloric acid solution B

You are required to determine the concentration of solution B in moles per litre.

Procedure

Fill the burette with solution B. Pipette 25.0cm3 of solution A into a conical flask.

Titrate solution A with solution B using phenolphthalein indicator to complete the titration
table below.

Pipette volume 25.0cm3

Burette readings

Titration 1 2 3
Final burette 20.0 40.0
readings
Initial burette 0.0 0.0
readings
Volume of 20.0 20.0
solution B
used(cm3)

(a) Complete the table above. (3 mark)

(b) Calculate the average volume of solution B used. (2 mks)

(c) How many moles of:

(i) solution A were present in 25cm3 solution.(2mks)

ii) Solution B were present in the average volume. (2mks)

iii) solution B in moles per litre. (2 mks)

Calculate the mass of :

(i) 25 cm3 of 0.2M sodium hydroxide solution(Na =23.0.O =16.0, H=1.0) (3 mks)

Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 5.3 g hydrated sodium carbonate decahydrate
dissolved in 50cm3 (3 mks)

State Boyle’s law. (2 marks)

A fixed mass of gas at 102300Pa pressure has a volume of 25cm3.Calculate its volume if the pressure
is doubled. (3 mks)

25cm3 of carbon(II)oxide diffuses across a porous plate in 25seconds. How long will it take 75cm3 of
Carbon(IV)oxide to diffuse across the same plate under the same conditions of temperature and
pressure. (C=12.0,0=16.0) (4 mks)

Convert the temperatures below to the absolute scale: (3 mks)

(i) 0°C
(ii) 25°C
(iii) –20°C

The graph below shows the relationship between pressure and the
temperature of a gas in a fixed volume container.
 (a) State the relationship between pressure and temperature that can
be deduced from the graph.
(1 mark)
(b) Using kinetic theory, explain the relationship shown in the graph.
(2 marks)

Ammonium ion has the following structure:

Label on the structure:

(a) Covalent bond; (1 mark)
(b) Coordinate (dative) bond. (1 mark)

The atomic numbers of elements C and D are 19 and 9 respectively. State and explain the electrical
conductivity of the compound CD in:
(a) Solid state (1½ marks)
(b) aqueous state. (1½ marks)

Name the commercial indicators and state their colour in acid and base (3 mks)

Indicators Acid Base