Disaster Readiness and Risk

Reduction

Earthquake Hazards
 Picture Analysis

What geographical
features can you
identify in the image
that are characteristic of
the Pacific Ring of Fire?
 The Philippines has experienced from an
Philippines: inexhaustible number of deadly earthquakes,
volcano eruptions, and other natural disasters.
A Country Prone to This is due to its location along the Ring of Fire,
a large Pacific Ocean region where many
Natural Disasters volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.
 An Earthquake is the
What is shaking of the ground
caused by sudden
Earthquake? motions along faults,
or fractures in the
Earth’s crust.
San Andreas Fault
Philippine
Fault Zone
West
Valley
Fault
THE
BIG
ONE
Three Types of Plate Boundary

Two lithospheric
plates move away
from each other.
Three Types of Plate Boundary

Two lithospheric
plates move
toward each
other.
Three Types of Plate Boundary

two lithospheric
plates slide past each
other horizontally,
neither creating nor
destroying
lithosphere.
Three Types of Plate
Boundary
 Types
of Seismic
Waves
Sometimes an earthquake
has foreshocks. These are
smaller earthquakes that
happen in the same place
as the larger earthquake
that follows. Scientists
can’t tell that an
earthquake is a foreshock
until the larger earthquake
happens.
•The largest, main earthquake is called
the mainshock. Mainshocks always
have aftershocks that follow. These are
smaller earthquakes that occur afterwards in
the same place as the mainshock.
•Depending on the size of the mainshock,
aftershocks can continue for weeks, months,
and even years after the mainshock!
Potential Earthquake Hazards
Ground Shaking
• It is the vibration of the
ground during an
earthquake.
• Ground shaking is
caused by body waves
and surface waves.

• Baguio earthquake-July 1990

 1990 Luzon Earthquake – Magnitude 7.8 ( Rizal, Nueva Ecija)
Ground shaking 2013 Bohol Earthquake – Magnitude 7.2 (Tagbiliran City, Bohol)
2019 Luzon Earthquake – Magnitude 6.1 (Castillejos, Zambales)
 Ground or Surface
Rupture

Surface is an offset of the

ground surface when fault
rupture extends to the
Earth’s surface. Any
structure built across the
fault is at risk being torn
apart as the two sides of the
fault slip past each other.
 • Liquefaction takes place
when loosely packed,
water-logged sediments
at or near the ground
surface lose their
strength in response to
strong ground shaking.
• The aftermath of
liquefaction can leave
large areas covered in a
Liquefaction deep layer of mud.
Earthquake-induced Landslides
•Landslides are frequently triggered by strong
ground motions. The term landslide includes a
wide range of ground movement, such as rock
falls, deep failures of slopes, and shallow debris
flows. However, gravity acting on a steep slope
is the primary reason for landslide.
•If the ground is saturated with water, particularly
following heavy rainfall, the shaking will result in
more landslides than normal
Tsunami
• Tsunami is a giant wave caused by
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under
the sea. Out in the depths of the ocean,
tsunami waves do not dramatically
increase in height. But as the waves
travel inland, they build up to higher and
higher heights as the depth of the ocean
decreases. The speed of tsunami waves
depends on ocean depth rather than the
distance from the source of the wave.
 What to do before,
during and after the
earthquake?
The best time
to prepare for
any disaster is
before it
happens.
• Be ready to Drop, Cover, and Hold on if you feel an
aftershocks.
• If you are in a damaged building, go outside and quickly
move aways from the building.
• If you are trapped, send a message or bang on a pipe or
wall.
• Check yourself to see if you are hurt and help others if
you have training.
• If you are sick or injured and need medical attention,
contact any healthcare provider.
•Once you are safe, pay attention to local
news reports for emergency information
and instructions.
Process Questions:
1. How does studying earthquake
preparedness contribute to minimizing
the risk of casualties and damage
during seismic events?
2. How can studying earthquake
preparedness influence your decision-
making when it comes to selecting a
place to live
Values Integration

1.Sharing
2.Discipline
https://earthquaketrack.com/