10

NAME:_______________________________________
GRADE/SECTION:_______________________________

SCIENCE
Quarter III – Week 1
The Role of Hormones Involved
in the Female and Male
Reproductive Systems

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Science – Grade 10
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter III - Week 1: The Role of Hormones Involved in the Female and Male Reproductive Systems
First Edition, 2021

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 Lesson 1
The Role of Hormones Involved in the
\ Female and Male Reproductive Systems
MELC: Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male reproductive systems
(S10LT-IIIb-34).
Objectives: 1. Describe reproductive hormones
2. Identify the female and male reproductive hormones
3. Determine the role of hormones involved in female and male reproductive
systems

Let’s Try
Directions: Match the items in the left column with the items in the right column. Write
only the letter that corresponds to the correct answer on the space provided
before the number.
Activities Hormone
____ 1. Stimulates male development and behavior. A. GnRH
____ 2. Signals the uterus to contract during childbirth. B. Prolactin
____ 3. Stimulates female development and behavior. C. LH
____ 4. Stimulates growth of mammary gland and milk D. Inhibin
production (lactation). E. FSH
____ 5. Inhibits the secretion of FSH. F. Oxytocin
____ 6. Synthesis of testosterone. G. Estrogen
____ 7. Stimulates or inhibits release of FSH and LH H. Progesterone
from anterior pituitary. I. Testosterone
____ 8. Stimulates ovulation and synthesis of estrogen and J. Adrenaline
progesterone. K. Corpus luteum
____ 9. Assists in the growth of uterine lining.
____ 10. Stimulates growth of ovarian follicle.

Let’s Explore and Discover

Have you tried to observe yourself in the mirror? Do you
Unlocking know that there are changes that have been happening in your
of body? Perhaps, you have noticed that you have grown taller, there
Difficulties is an appearance of facial hair if you are a boy, or your hips
broadened if you are a girl.
Hormone is a
chemical substance Reproductive hormone is a type of hormone involved in
produced in the body fertility and sexuality. Reproductive hormones are normally made
that controls and in the ovaries (in females) and testes (in males).They are produced
regulates the activity by the glands of the endocrine system. Together with the nervous
of certain cells or system, the endocrine system functions to keep all body parts run
organs. It keeps the smoothly.
reproductive system During puberty, adolescents’ bodies go through some
function properly. changes. The hypothalamus of the brain sends chemical
messages to the pituitary gland, which commands the pituitary
gland to begin the production of sex hormones (androgens) in the testes and ovaries.
The reproductive system is different in males and females (see Figure 1 and 2).
However, the function of the reproductive system is the same in both, and that is to produce,
store, and release specialized sex cells called gametes.
1
 Figure 1 The reproductive structures of the human female are shown.

Figure 2 The reproductive structures of the human male are shown. (credit a: modification
of work by Gray's Anatomy; credit b: modification of work by CDC)
(Image Source: “The Reproductive Structures of Human Male and Female,” accessed
January 26, 2021, https://openstax.org/books/concepts-
biology/pages/18-3-human-reproduction. Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 Interational License.)

The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of
hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with hormones from reproductive
tissues and organs. In both sexes, the hypothalamus monitors and causes the release of
hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. When the reproductive hormone is required,
the hypothalamus sends a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to the anterior
pituitary. This causes the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary into the blood. Although these hormones are
named after their functons in female reproduction, they are produced in both sexes and
play important roles in controlling reproduction. Other hormones have specific functions in
the male and female reproductive systems.
(Source: “Concepts of Biology,” OpenStax, accessed January 26, 2021,
https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/18-3-
human-reproduction.)

Female Hormones
In the human female, the hormone estrogen brings about secondary sex
characteristics such as growth of pubic hair, development of the breasts, increase in the
size of the uterus and vagina, and the start of the menstrual cycle. Another hormone
produced by the corpus luteum (a yellowish mash of follicular cells in the ovary that acts
as temporary endocrine gland) is progesterone. This hormone maintains the growth of the
mucous lining of the uterus and functions in preparing the uterus to receive the embryo.

Male Hormones
The male reproductive system functions normally because of the hormones secreted
by the pituitary gland. The follicle-stimulating horomone (FSH) influences the activity of the
seminiferous tubules of the testes to produce sperms. The luteinizing hormone (LH also
called Lutropin or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, ICSH) stimulates a group of cells
surrounding the seminiferous tubules to produce the male sex hormone, the testosterone.
2
 The entire male reproductive system becomes active the moment testosterone is
produced. Secondary sex characteristics such as a deepening of voice, a big muscular body,
and the growth of beard and hair in certain parts of the body are developed. Testosterone
also maintains a balance of hormonal secretions of the pituitary gland and the testes by
limiting the production of FSH by the pituitary gland.

Hormonal Regulation of the Reproductive System

The reproductive system is controlled by the gonadotropins, the follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are produced by the pituitary gland.
Gonadotropin release is controlled by the hypothalmic hormone, the gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH). FSH stimulates the maturation of sperm cells in males and is inhibited
by the hormone inhibin, while LH stimulates the production of the androgen, the
testosterone. FSH stimulates egg maturation in females, while LH stimulates the
production of estrogen and progesterone. Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones
produced by the ovaries that trigger the development of secondary sex characteristics in
females as well as control the maturation of the ova. In females, the anterior pituitary also
produces prolactin (PRL), which stimulates milk production after childbirth, and the
posterior pituitary releases the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates uterine contraction
during childbirth and milk ejection (let-down) during suckling.
(Source: “Hormonal Regulation of the Reproductive System,’” OpenStax, accessed
January 25, 2021, https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-
introduction.)
Table 1 Hormones involved in the Female and Male Reproductive Systems
Hormone
Gland Target Organs Activities
Secreted
Hypothalamus (part of the Gonadotropin- Stimulates or inhibits
brain) releasing release of FSH and LH
hormone Anterior pituitary from anterior pituitary
(GnRH)
Pituitary (below the Stimulates growth of
cerebrum) Prolactin Mammary Gland mammary gland and milk
1. Anterior Pituitary production (lactation)
Ovary Stimulates ovulation and
(Corpus luteum or synthesis of estrogen and
Luteinizing follicular cells) progesterone
hormone (LH) Testis (Leydig Stimulates production of
cells) testosterone
Ovary (Granulosa
Cells) Inhibit the secretion FSH)
Inhibin
Tetis (Sertoli cells)
Testis Synthesis of testosterone
Follicle-
Stimulates growth of
stimulating Ovary
hormone (FSH) ovarian follicle

2. Posterior Pituitary Stimulates milk

ejection“let-down” reflex
Mammary Gland by the suckling of an
Oxytocin infant
Uterus Signals the uterus to
contract during childbirth
Female development and
Ovary (in the abdominal Estrogen Many cells behavior
cavity) Assists in the Growth of
Progesterone uterine lining
Uterus
Male development and
Testis (in the scrotal sacs) Testosterone
Many cells behavior

3
 Let’s Practice

T _ _T _ ST _ R _ NE

Hormo is Missing! Hint: Male development and behavior; male sex hormone.

Directions: _ RO _ ES _ _ R _ NE
Unscramble the Hint: Growth of the uterine lining; produced by Corpus luteum.
letters of the given
word in each box. E _ _ R _ G _ _
Use the descriptors Hint: female development and behavior; female sex hormone.
as your hint.
O _ _T _ _ I _
Hint: Stimulates milk secretion; induces uterine contraction.

FOL _ ICLE–S _ IMU _ ATING _ OR _ ONE

Bio Bit
Hint: Synthesis of testosterone; growth of ovarian follicle.
Estrogen is usually
thought of as a _ UT _ INI _ ING HO _ MO _ E
female hormone, Hint: Ovulation; synthesis of estrogen and progesterone.
males also produce
estrogen, but at P _ O _ A _ T _ _
much lower levels.
(“Sex,hormones and COVID- Hint: Stimulates growth of mammary gland; milk production.
19: what do we know?,” ZOE
Health Science Company, last
modified September 14, 2020, GO_ADO_ROPIN–_ELEA_ING HOR_ONE
accessed January 25, 2021,
https://covid.joinzoe.com/us-
post/covid-hormones-
Hint: Releases FSH and LH from anterior pituitary.
estrogen?fbclid=IwAR1gqBIlnK
Z5d7lTYj74S-
0v7Hdt8rQ119qL0EYdBlaQcw I _ H _ B _ _ _
bt1c6hXRNGXFA
Hint: Inhibits the secretion of FSH; from follicle and Sertoli cells.

Let’s Pose and Think

1. What are the words you have formed? Please write your answer.

Word Word
1 6
2 7
3 8
4 9
5
2. From the words you have formed, what are those referred to as the main
female and male reproductive hormones (sex hormones)?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

4
 Gland Hormone Action
Stimulates ovulation,
1. (Anterior LH synthesis of estrogen and
Sweetchart! Piruitary, progesterone, and
Posterior stimulates production of
Directions: Pituitary) testosterone
Complete the Synthesis of testosterone
chart. Underline FSH and stimulates growth of
the word or phrase ovarian follicle
that corresponds to Prolactin Stimulates growth of
the correct answer. mammary gland and milk
production (lactation)
Inhibin Inhibit the secretion FSH
(Granulosa Cells in the ovaries;
Sertoli cells in the testes)
Bio Bit Testis 2. (Estrogen, Stimulates male
Covid-19 symptom Testosterone) development and behavior
severity and mortality 3. (Hypothalamus, Stimulates or inhibits
are more frequent in Posterior GnRH release of FSH and LH from
men than in women Pituitary) anterior pituitary
and in older people. 4. (Oxytocin, Stimulates milk ejection
Female reproductive Posterior Pituitary Prolactin) “let-down” reflex by the
steroids play a sucking of an infant and
protective role ("Science signals the uterus to
Daily-Study shows protective contract during childbirth
role sex steroids play in COVID-
19," University of Illinois at Progesterone 5. (Female development,
Chicago, last modified Ovary growth of uterine lining)
November 24, 2020, ccessed
January 25, 2021,
www.sciencedaily.com/releases Estrogen Female development and
/2020/11/201124122919.htm
behavior

Let’s Pose and Think

1. What hormone causes FSH and LH to be released? Put a check mark
on your answer.
Estrogen Oxytocin Prolactin Inhibin GnRH
2. What hormone causes the re-growth of the endometrial lining in the uterus?
Estrogen Oxytocin Progesterone Inhibin GnRH

Let’s Do More
Directions: Read these passages. Then, answer the question that
follows.
Hormonal regulation of the female reproductive system
The Role of
involves hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries.
Hormones
involved in the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by the
Female hypothalamus stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone
Reproductive (FSH), that stimulates the growth of egg cells, and luteinizing
System
hormone (LH) that signals for the ovulation of an egg from its follicle.
Follicle cells produce the hormone inhibin, which ehibits FSH
production in the female reproductive system.

5
 Estradiol (an estrogen) and progesterone are steroid hormones that prepare the body
for pregnancy. Estradiol produces secondary sex characteristics in females, while both
estradiol and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle.
The anterior portion of the pituitary gland also produces the hormone prolactin (PRL)
in females. Prolactin stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands, following
childbirth.
The posterior releases the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates uterine contractions
during childbirth, stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells around milk-producing
mammary glands where milk is forced from the secretory alveoli into milk ducts and is
ejected from the breasts in a milk ejection (“let-down”) reflex when suckled by an infant.
(Source: “Regulation of the Female Reproductive System,” LibreTexts, accessed January 27,
2021,https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Boo
k%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/37%3A_The_Endocrine_System.)

Let’s Pose and Think

What is the role of each hormone involved in the female reproductive
system? Put a check mark on your answer.
Check Hormone Role/Action
Mark
LH Stimulates ovulation and synthesis of estrogen
and progesterone
FSH Stimulates growth of ovarian follicle
Inhibin Inhibit the secretion FSH
Prolactin Stimulates growth of mammary gland and milk
production
GnRH Stimulates or inhibits release of FSH and LH from
anterior pituitary
Oxytocin Stimulates milk ejection “let-down” reflex by the
sucking of an infant and signals the uterus to
contract during childbirth
Progesterone Growth of uterine lining
Estrogen Female development and behavior

Directions: Read the following pharagraphs. Then, answer the

question that follows.
At the onset of puberty, the hypothalamus (by way of
GnRH) causes the release of FSH and LH into the male system for
The Role of
the first time. FSH enters the testes and stimulates the Sertoli
Hormones
cells to begin facilitating spermatogenesis using negative feedback
involved in the
(mechanisms used to regulate hormones in the body). LH also
Male
enters the testes and stimulates the interstitial cells of Leydig to
Reproductive
make and release testosterone into the testes and the blood.
System
Testosterone, the hormone responsible for the secondary sexual
characteristics that develop in the male during adolescence, stimulates spermatogenesis.
These secondary sex characteristics include a deepening of the voice, the growth of facial,
axillary, and pubic hair, the beginnings of the sex drive.
A negative feedback system occurs in the male with rising levels of testosterone
acting on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to inhibit the release of GnRH, FSH, and
LH. The Sertoli cells produce the hormone inhibin which is released into the blood when
the sperm count is too high. This inhibits the release of GnRH and FSH, which will cause
spermatogenesis to slow down. If the sperm count reaches 20 million/ml, the Sertoli cells
cease the release of inhibin, and the sperm count increases.
(Source:“Male Hormone,” Opentext, accessed January 27, 2021, https://opentextbc.ca/
biology/chapter/24-4-hormonal-control-of-humanreproduction/#:~:text=A%20
negative%20feed back%20system%20occurs,sperm.)
6
 Let’s Pose and Think
How do hormones involved in the male reproductive system work? Put a
check mark on your answer.
Check Hormone Role/Action
Mark
LH Stimulates production of testosterone
FSH Synthesis of testosterone
Inhibin Inhibits the secretion FSH (Sertoli cells in the
testes)
Testosterone Stimulates male development and behavior
GnRH Stimulates or inhibits release of FSH and LH
from anterior pituitary

Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Fill each blank with an appropriate term to complete each statement.
Estrogen Testosterone Inhibin
Prolactin Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Oxytocin
Progesterone Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Reproductive hormones Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)

1. ______________________ is a type of hormone involved in fertility and sexuality.

2. In human female, the hormone ________________ brings about secondary sex
characteristics such as growth of pubic hair, development of the breasts, increase
in the size of the uterus and vagina, and the start of the menstrual cycle.
3. ________________ maintains the growth of the mucous lining of the uterus and
functions in preparing the uterus to receive the embryo.
4. The interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) stimulates a group of cells
surrounding the seminiferous tubules to produce the male sex hormone called the
________________.
5. When the reproductive hormone is required, the hypothalamus sends a
_____________________ to the anterior pituitary.
6. _____________________ stimulates the maturation of sperm cells in males and egg
maturation in females.
7. _____________________stimulates ovulation and synthesis of estrogen and
progesterone in female and production of testosterone in male.
8. __________________ inhibits the secretion of FSH in Follicle cells of the ovaries and in
Sertoli cells of the testes.
9. __________________ induces uterine contraction and stimulates milk secretion.
10. ___________________ stimulates milk production.

Good job! You are almost at the end of your journey. Are you ready to take the final
stage? You may proceed to the next page.

7
 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read and understand each question carefully. Circle the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer.
1. What made the reproductive system function properly and it involves in the fertility
and sexuality?
A. Reproductive cells C. Reproductive organs
B. Reproductive hormones D. Reproductive tissues
2. Which hormone signals ovulation?
A. Estrogen C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Inhibin D. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
3. What female reproductive hormone has the most important role in the development
of male secondary sex characteristics?
A. Estrogen C. Progesterone
B. Estosterone D. Luteinizing hormone
4. Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?
A. Insulin C. Oxytocin
B. Glucagon D. Testosterone
5. Nelson has started growing a moustache because of a new growth of hair on his
face. What hormone causes this secondary sex characteristic?
A. Estrogen C. Prolactin
B. Progesterone D. Testosterone
6. Lindsay has started having well-developed breasts and some growth of pubic hair.
What hormone is responsible for this change?
A. Androgen C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Estrogen D. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
7. What hormone influences the activity of the seminiferous tubules of the testis?
A. Progesterone C. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
B. Luteinizing hormone (LH) D. Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
8. Which of these secondary sex secondary characteristics is influenced by the male
hormone?
A. Aggressiveness C. Superiority complex
B. Developed teeth D. Big, muscular body
9. Which hormone causes FSH and LH to be released?
A. Estrogen C. Testosterone
B. Progesterone D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
10. What type of reproductive cells that secret the hormone “inhibin”?
A. Theca cells of ovaries; Leydig cells of testes
B. Zona pellucida of ovaries; Myoid cells of testes
C. Corpus luteum of ovaries; Basal lamina of testes
D. Follicle cells (Granulosa cells) of ovaries; Sertoli cells of testes

8
 Answer Key
Let’s Try: (1) I, (2) F, (3) G, (4) B, (5) D, (6) E, (7) A, (8) C, (9) H, (10) E

Let’s Practice
• TESTOSTERONE, PROGESTERONE, ESTROGEN, OXYTOCIN,
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE,
PROLACTIN, GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE, INHIBIN
• Let’s Pose and Think: Estrogen and Testosterone

• Anterior Pituitary, Testosterone. Hypothalamus, Oxytocin, Growth

of uterine lining.
• Let’s Pose and think: (1) GnRH, (2) Progesterone

Let’s Do More Let’s Sum It Up

Let’ Pose and Think
Note: All are correct
answers.
LH, FSH, Inhibin,
Prolactin, GnRH,
Oxytocin, Progesterone,
Estrogen
(1) Reproductive hormones, (2)
estrogen, (3) Progesterone, (4)
Let’s Pose and Think testorone, (5) GnRH, (6) FSH, (7) LH, (8)
Inhibin, (9) Oxytocin, (10) Prolactin
Note: All are correct
answers.
Let’s Assess
LH, FSH, Inhibin,
Testosterone, GnRH (1) B, (2) C, (3) C, (4) C, (5) D, (6) B, (7) C,
(8) D, (9) D, (10) D

References
Websites
LibreTexts. “Regulation of the Female Reproductive System.” Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_Gener
al_Biology_(Boundless)/37%3A_The_Endocrine_System.
OpenStax. “Concepts of Biology.” Accessed January 26, 2021. https://openstax.org/books/concepts-
biology/pages/18-3-human-reproduction.

OpenStax. “Hormonal Regulation of the Reproductive System.” Accessed January 25 ,2021,

https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction.
Opentext. “Male Hormone.” Accessed January 27, 2021. https://opentextbc.ca/ biology/chapter/24-
4-hormonal-control-of-humanreproduction/#:~:text=A%20negative%20feed
back%20system%20occurs,sperm.

University of Illinois at Chicago. "Science Daily-Study shows protective role sex steroids play in
COVID-19." Last modified November 24, 2020. Accessed January 25, 2021.
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/11/201124122919.htm.
ZOE Health Science Company. “Sex, hormones and COVID-19: what do we know?” Last modified
September 14, 2020. Acessed January 25, 2021. https://covid.joinzoe.com/us-post/covid-
hormones-estrogen?fbclid=IwAR1gqBIlnKZ5d7lTYj74S-
0v7Hdt8rQ119qL0EYdBlaQcwbt1c6hXRNGXFA.

9
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