The Interaction Models

Norman’s Principles and Its application

∙ Don Norman’s Principles of Interaction Design
∙ Good design Bad design
∙ Design pattern in nature
∙ Gestalt design principles
∙ Fitt’s Law of interaction
Norman’s Principles Summery
• Discoverability increases understanding of the available options and where to perform
them.
• Feedback communicates the response to our actions or the status of systems.
• Conceptual models are simple explanations of how something works.
• Affordance is the perceived action of an object.
• Signifiers tell us exactly where to act.
• Mapping is the relationship between the controls and the effect they have.
• Constraints help restrict the kind of interactions that can take place.

Reference
https://medium.com/@sachinrekhi/don-normans-principles-of-interaction-design-51025a2c0f33
https://uxdesign.cc/ux-psychology-principles-seven-fundamental-design-principles-39c420a05f84
THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF EVERYDAY THINGS chapter one from Don Noman’s book of “Design of Everyday Things”
Good design Bad design
Good UX design can benefit a business in numerous ways,
including increased sales. Here are five examples:

• Professional, sleek designs can help a business stand out and

attract consumers.

• A well-designed website can create a positive first impression

to help establish lasting customer relationships.

• Easy website navigation can make the customer journey

smoother and more enjoyable.

• As demonstrated by Google's recognizable text colors,

consistent branding can benefit a business by increasing brand
recognition.

• Good design can unlock the full potential of digital products

and guide user actions.
Characteristics of Bad Design
Confusing or cluttered layout

Poor readability or legibility of text

Lack of functionality or user-friendliness

Unattractive or outdated appearance

Fails to meet user needs or expectations

Design pattern in nature

Humans are drawn to nature’s patterns, finding solace,

inspiration, and balance within them.

This connection is not merely aesthetic. Research shows

nature’s patterns influence our well-being, reducing stress,
fostering relaxation, and, ultimately, connecting us to the
vast web of life that surrounds us.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Examples of Patterns in Nature

• Symmetry: A pervasive pattern in nature, symmetry ensures balance and functionality. It’s seen in the
face of many mammals, the petals of flowers, and even in the arrangement of leaves on a stem.
• Spirals: From the galaxies in the night sky to the DNA structure within us, spirals are omnipresent. On
Earth, the sunflower head and the nautilus shell are testament to this mesmerizing pattern.
• Waves and Ripples: Beyond the obvious waves in oceans and lakes, this pattern can be seen in sand
dunes, wind-blown grass, and even in certain rock formations shaped by erosion.
• Spots and Stripes: The animal kingdom showcases this pattern beautifully. The spotted coat of a
leopard helps it camouflage, while the zebra’s stripes may play roles in confusing predators and
managing body heat.
• Cracks: Often seen in dried landscapes, mud cracks, and tree barks, these patterns arise due to
tension and drying.
• Tessellations: Honeycombs, with their hexagonal cells, and the scales of certain fish are classic
examples of patterns made of repeated shapes fitting together without gaps.
• Branching: Nature uses branching for distribution, be it the veins in leaves, the structure of coral reefs,
or river deltas.
https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Symmetry: A
pervasive pattern in
nature, symmetry
ensures balance and
functionality. It’s seen
in the face of many
mammals, the petals
of flowers, and even
in the arrangement of
leaves on a stem.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Spirals: From the
galaxies in the night
sky to the DNA
structure within us,
spirals are
omnipresent. On
Earth, the sunflower
head and the nautilus
shell are testament to
this mesmerizing
pattern.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Waves and
Ripples: Beyond
the obvious
waves in oceans
and lakes, this
pattern can be
seen in sand
dunes, wind-
blown grass, and
even in certain
rock formations
shaped by
erosion.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Spots and
Stripes: The
animal kingdom
showcases this
pattern
beautifully. The
spotted coat of a
leopard helps it
camouflage,
while the zebra’s
stripes may play
roles in confusing
predators and
managing body
heat.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Cracks: Often
seen in dried
landscapes,
mud cracks,
and tree barks,
these patterns
arise due to
tension and
drying.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Tessellations:
Honeycombs,
with their
hexagonal cells,
and the scales of
certain fish are
classic examples
of patterns made
of repeated
shapes fitting
together without
gaps.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Branching:
Nature uses
branching for
distribution, be
it the veins in
leaves, the
structure of
coral reefs, or
river deltas.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern inspired by nature

Art work Bird nest stadium, china Lotus temple, india

Electrical pattern

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature
Golden ration in web design

https://iwa.fi/blog/golden-ratio-in-web-design//
Physical product design inspired by nature

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Design pattern in nature

In short,
• Inspired from nature
• Discover your design pattern from nature
• Observe nature things closely
• And, Think differently

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles
Max Wertheimer
Gestalt psychology, which rose in popularity around 1912, is the foundation
of the Gestalt design principles. This fascinating concept originated from the
German word "unified whole". In short, it describes how things are put
together to form a whole object.

Gestalt also sheds light on how our brains perceive visual elements as a
seamless, cohesive whole – from recognizing patterns in images to labeling Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang
elements based on proximity and similarity. Köhler

In design, Gestalt principles are the foundation of visually appealing and

effective designs. They are used to arrange elements and information in
ways that our brains naturally organize and perceive them.

From mobile apps to brochures, designers use these principles to deliver

visually stunning work and useful experiences.
Gestalt design principles
1.Similarity
2.Continuity
3.Closure
4.Common region/Common fate
5.Figure/Ground (Multi-stability)
6.Proximity (Emergence)
7.Symmetry and Order (Pragnanz)
8.Past experience
9.Parallelism
10.Focal points
11.Simplicity

https://www.lyssna.com/blog/gestalt-design-principles/
Gestalt design principles

Similarity
Gestalt design principles

Continuity

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles

Closur
e
Gestalt design principles
Common region and common fate

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles

Figure/Ground

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles

Proximity

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles
Symmetry and order

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles
Past
experience

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles
Parallelism

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles
Focal point

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/
Gestalt design principles

Swiss Style
design
The design style is known for using
minimal typography and a limited
color palette to create a clean,
Simplicity uncluttered look. By limiting the
number of design elements and
sticking to a consistent, pared-down
aesthetic, Swiss Style design
demonstrates how simplicity can
result in a visually appealing and
user-friendly design.

https://www.printmag.com/featured/swiss-style-principles-typefaces-designers/
Gestalt design principles

Gestalt principles can help you become a better designer by giving you
have a framework for:

Evoking delight and positive emotions from users.

Improving usability in your designs.

Strengthening brand perception.

https://www.terramai.com/blog/patterns-in-nature-and-built-environment/