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Module 1 - Reviewer
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Tickle your mind

What is history
came from historia meaning “inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation”. It
is not “what happened in the past”; rather is the act of selecting, analyzing,

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 and writing the past.

What are the sources of history?

Primary and Secondary Sources

How do historians write history?

Historians write history by gathering information and evidences through

various sources. They also deal with external and internal criticism to
validate the credibility of the sources they use.

The historian’s primary tool of understanding and interpreting the past is

the historical sources. Historical sources ascertain historical facts. Such
facts are then analyzed and interpreted by the historian to weave historical
narrative.

Meaning and Relevance

History

Investigation (Greek)

came from historia meaning “inquiry, knowledge acquired by

investigation”

study of the past described in written documents

Prehistory

events occurring before written record

Famous Quotes about History

Marcus Tullius Cicero

“To be ignorant of the past is to remain always a child.”

George Santayana

“Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”

John Dalberg Acton

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 History is not a burden on the memory but an illumination of the soul.

Winston Churchill

History is written by the victors

Marcus Garvey

A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is
like a tree without roots.

Jacques Chirac

There is no future without memory.

Herbert Butterfield

The study of the past with one eye upon the present is the
source of all sins and sophistries in history. It is the essence of what we
mean by the word "unhistorical"

François-Marie Arouet “Voltaire”

I shall relate quite simply how things happened and without adding
anything of my own, which is no small feat for an historian.

Edward Hallett Carr

The historian without his facts is rootless and futile; the facts without their
historian are dead and meaningless.

Lailah Gifty Akita

In your travel, learn the brief history of the place

visited. History is rich knowledge

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

History teaches us that man learns nothing from history.

Soren Kierkegaard

Life can only be understood backwards but it must be lived forward

Francisco Sionil Jose

Writers are historians, too. It is in literature that the greater truths about a
people and their past are found.

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 Martin Luther King, Jr.

We are not makers of history. We are made by history.

Napoleon Bonaparte

History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree
upon.

John W. Gardner

History never looks like history when you are living through it.

Gregoria de Jesus

Fear history, for it respects no secrets.

The Two General Kinds of Historical Sources

Primary Sources

refer to sources made by an individual or group present at the time and

place being described

from people who actually witnessed the event

Secondary Sources

materials made by people long after the events being described had taken
place

External and Internal Criticism

External Criticism

examines the authenticity of the document or the evidence being used

concerns and questions pertinent to the authenticity of a historical source

background checks how the material was produced to establish its

evidential value

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 checks the authenticity as a whole

Internal Criticism

examines the truthfulness of the content of the evidence.

deals with credibility and reliability of the content of a given historical

source

examines the substance and message that the author wants to convey

frames the intent and meaning of a composed material

Questions
What are the benefits of using primary sources?
The main benefit of using primary sources is to obtain reliable information that
in the case of this topic, aids in creating historical research. Moreover, it helps
historians to understand the perspectives of historical figures and people
regarding on how they lived, their environment, significance in history, and
opinions.

Why do you think most history textbooks are secondary sources?

Even if a history book is published long ago, it is still important to do internal

criticism. Moreover, textbooks are usually a compilation of information from
various sources and are presented n a way the students need it that fit their
lessons. Thus, the authors of textbooks are not the witnesses to the events
that had taken place in the past, their works as secondary sources.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of assessing online primary

sources?

Advantages: The ones who create the primary sources may provide more
accurate information because they witnessed the events first-hand. They
would more likely to understand what is happening during the time of the
event because they lived in that moment; the traditions, words used, and other
information would make more sense to them rather than the people living in
the current time. They might also be able to gather information from other

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 primary sources that might have been lost through time and is presumably not
available in our current time.

Disadvantages: Biases are inevitable even in secondary sources. Also, there

might be information or terms that they presumably not elaborate or explain
because it might be considered as a “common knowledge” during their time.

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