Aglugan Final Manuscript

Balai: A Proposed Low-Rise Apartment in Rosales, Pangasinan
A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the College of Engineering and Architecture
PHINMA – University of Pangasinan Dagupan City, Philippines
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject Research Methods in Architecture
By:
Jenine Laarni S. Alcantara
Rohan Siegfried B. Bartolome
Jolina T. Bustillo
Cairon S. Gomez
Mae Angela A. Lecitona
Carla E. Tersol
March 2024
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, we sincerely thank the Almighty God for providing us the knowledge,
skills, opportunity and fortitude required to finish the research proposal. Without his guidance
and grace, we not be able to finish this research.
Secondly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Faculty of Architecture
and to our Research Methods for Architecture adviser Ar. Dorothy Castro for her
encouragement, unwavering support, and as well as information that we used to work on this
research proposal. Our group will always be thankful for your teachings and lessons, which not
only help our group, but also encourage the other groups to keep learning, developing and
following the path we have selected.
We would like to express our profound appreciation to Mr. John S. Alimorong for giving
us the opportunity to use his lot property, providing information and supporting our group to
achieve this research proposal. We are deeply grateful for his kindness and helping in getting us
the necessary documents for our research proposal.
We also want to extend our sincere gratitude to our parents for the never-ending support,
love, sacrifices, and prayers. This would not have been possible without their unwavering,
selfless love and support. For their unwavering support and careful consideration of the finances
during the research study's creation. In addition, we appreciate their encouraging words and the
many late nights we've spent creating the research study.
The researchers would like to thank each and every one who helped to make this study
possible directly or indirectly.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................... 2
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter I: The Problem ............................................................................................................... 1
I.1 Background of the Study .................................................................................................. 2
I.1.1 Review of Related Literature .......................................................................................... 3
I.2 Framework of the Study....................................................................................................... 13
I.3 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................................ 15
I.4 Research Paradigm............................................................................................................... 16
I.5 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................... 17
I.5.1 Objective of the Study ...................................................................................................... 18
Chapter II: Design and Methodology ....................................................................................... 20
II.1 Research Design ................................................................................................................. 20
II.2 Population and Locale of the Study.................................................................................... 21
a) Municipality ................................................................................................................... 21
b) History ............................................................................................................................ 21
c) Physical Characteristics.................................................................................................. 33
d) The Site and its Existing Condition................................................................................ 37
e) Source of Data ................................................................................................................ 44
II.3 Data Gathering Tools.......................................................................................................... 44

II.4 Data Gathering Procedures ................................................................................................. 45
II.5 Treatment of Data ............................................................................................................... 47
Chapter III: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data ........................................... 57
III.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data Gathered ..................................................................... 57
III.2 Summary of Findings and Result ...................................................................................... 78
Feasibility Study .......................................................................................................................... 79
Architectural Drawings .............................................................................................................. 85
References .................................................................................................................................... 94
Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 97
a) Certification Letter ............................................................................................................. 97
b) Request Letters................................................................................................................. 102
c) Approval Letter ................................................................................................................ 105
d) Survey and Interview Form ............................................................................................. 106
Curriculum Vitae ...................................................................................................................... 110

Abstract
The proportion of people living in apartment has proliferate in cities all over the world
resulting to rapid urbanization and population growth. Rosales is a town nestled in the province
of Pangasinan in the Philippines. As business grew in Rosales, Pangasinan, so did the need of the
housing propose. Strives to provide enough amenities to meet the needs of increasing number of
people who chose to live apart from their families for educational or professional pursuits. A
significant portion of individuals and families lack of adequate access to suitable buildings. This
study proposes a plan for apartment that combines innovative architectural design with
community-focused approaches to improve the city’s socioeconomic impact and provide design
solutions that address an individual's needs for their home.
The research proposal focuses on creating a Redevelopment of a Low-Rise Vertical
Apartment in Rosales, Pangasinan. It also focuses on understanding the environmental impact of
apartment living analyzing current trends in sustainable design and construction and providing
strategies for enhancing the sustainability of apartment building. The proposed project will
provide shelters to accommodate occupants and to promote or to attract businesses and other
investments. this will also provide a more affordable housing option compared to owning a
house, making them accessible to a wider range of people including students, professionals and
individuals on a budget. The proposed apartment will also help the occupants to save time and
money on commuting but also allows for a more dynamic lifestyle filled with diverse
experience. The research proposal will serve as hubs for building relationships and
strengthening bonds among neighbors.

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Chapter I: The Problem
The Philippines is currently undergoing significant urbanization, characterized by the
development of low-rise vertical apartment buildings in various cities and towns across the
country. This trend is particularly evident in urban centers such as Manila, Cebu, and Davao,
where the demand for affordable and sustainable housing is increasing due to population growth
and urbanization.
In the midst of this urban transformation, low-rise vertical apartment buildings have
become essential in providing housing solutions for a growing urban population. However, these
structures face several challenges, including aging infrastructure, lack of modern amenities, and
limited environmental sustainability. Additionally, the locations of many of these buildings,
particularly those in urban centers, are surrounded by commercial spaces, government buildings,
and other facilities.
A low-rise vertical apartment, often defined as a residential building with a height range
typically between two to five floors, encapsulates the essence of compact urban living.
Combining the advantages of a reduced environmental footprint with an increased sense of
community and accessibility to urban amenities, these structures aspire to foster sustainable
urban development in metropolitan areas. By engaging in a thorough analysis of their existing
challenges and potential opportunities, this study seeks to provide actionable insights that will
contribute to the enhancement of urban living, sustainability, and architectural diversity within
the local context. Through a collaborative approach that incorporates input from stakeholders,
community members, and experts in the field, this project aims to outline a comprehensive
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framework for the redevelopment of low-rise vertical apartments, ensuring their continued
relevance and contribution to the urban landscape.
I.1 Background of the Study
According to 2010 National Census and MPT Computation, the projections on urban-rural
population disclosed that come year 2025, 19,850 would by that time been living in the urban areas
of Rosales. The number further is 28% of the whole percentage of the total project
In the advent of commercialization of Rosales, people have trooped in the locality in
search for work or in pursuit of business opportunities. This has contributed in the abnormal
growth of population along with the ballooning for the need for houses in the near future since
in-migration shall increase, and marriages shall surely come eventually (CLUP of Rosales).
Technology and medical advances enable people to live longer, healthier lives. However,
this brings up problem and concerns with overpopulation and overcrowding. As the population
and business sectors increases, so does the need for living space (Anulacion,2018, p.14).
In the face of rapid urbanization and population growth, vertical developments emerge as
a viable solution to address the challenges of overcrowding. By constructing multi-story
buildings, a larger number of residents can be accommodated within a smaller footprint. This
efficient use of space alleviates strain on infrastructure and services, facilitating better urban
planning and resource allocation. Living in a condominium or apartment complex offers
residents the convenience of having amenities, services, and retail outlets within close proximity,
eliminating the need for extensive travel. This accessibility enhances convenience and saves
valuable time, making daily activities more efficient and streamlined. (Barretto,2023)
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Considering the statement of Barretto and learnings based on CLUP or Rosales, the
researcher came up to an idea of proposing a Low-rise vertical apartment in Barangay Carmay
East Rosales. The researcher was encouraged that the project may serve as a solution for
sustainability, efficient land utilization and convenience.
The researchers will include the culture, attitude and financial capability of tenants to
develop the project’s outcome.
Investing in apartment property is a huge undertaking, true, but it also offers a lot of
benefits. Not only does it have a faster and higher return on investment (ROI) rate, but it also has
fewer risks.
I.1.1 Review of Related Literature
I.1.2 Foreign Related Works
Figure 1
Erg 6 Apartment Building, Latvia
Note. Facade of the Erg 6 Apartment building

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One of Latvia's most picturesque coastal cities, Jurmala, is home to the low-rise
apartment complex. Only 200 meters from the sea, it is situated in a historically and culturally
significant area between the main road and the dune zone. This project involved surveying,
measuring, and reconstructing a two-story wooden sanatorium building that once stood in this
location. The three materials used to construct the building's facades are wood, stainless steel,
and glass. Timber is employed in the construction of roofs, balconies, and terraces. Glass and
stainless steel are only used in the facade's details; thermowood board coating is used
throughout. Light colors dominate the public areas, allowing more natural light to enter the
building and giving residents a comfortable, upbeat vibe. As per the architectural design, the
expansive and airy staircase serves as both a public area and an emergency escape path, adhering
to the relevant standards and guidelines. As a result, only fireproof materials were used to
construct the building's interior. (see Figure 1)
Figure 1.1
Erg 6 Apartment Building courtyard view

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To preserve the building and showcase the distinctive wooden architecture of Jurmala, a
new structure representing the building's historical features was to be modeled and added to,
while also bringing it back to life. This project was initiated in 2012. Prior to beginning
construction, the building volume was to be developed as a cohesive constructive solution, with
the facades to be approximated, restored, and designed to resemble their historical originals. (see
Figure 1.1)
The project's concept evolved organically throughout the process. The comparison
between a grandfather (the historical building) and a grandson (the new building volume) serves
as its foundation. Although they get along and are similar, time has separated them: the
grandfather cherishes memories and everything that happened in earlier eras, while the grandson
is contemporary and up to date. The primary concept of the project is embodied in its three-story
structure, where the austerity of the new building contrasts with the form and detail
concentration of the historical building. Similar techniques were used in the development of both
building structures, as evidenced by their facades: the new building volume mimics the historic
building's roof slope, wooden planks serve as the primary material for the facades, and a glazed
atrium at the building entry physically and visually divides the two building structures. (see
Figure 1)
The building's exterior remains unaltered despite the fact that many challenges had to be
overcome, and innovative technical solutions had to be discovered throughout the building's
design and construction phases. In addition to ensuring that the building blends in with its
surroundings, the ascetic facade, which makes it visually easy to perceive, and the harmony
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between the historic and contemporary shapes and details also enhance Jurmala's distinctive
architectural style. (Archdaily, 2016)
Figure 2
New Lindengarten Building, Switzerland
Note. Perspective view of the New Lindengarten Building.
The New Lindengarten Development, a new low-rise apartment complex in the center of
Birsfelden, Switzerland, was given the architectural design by VOLPATOHATZ. The recently
constructed building, which is near Basel, has eight apartments spread across four stories in
addition to a penthouse on the fifth. Nine car spaces, a bike room, a storage area, and a plant
room are all located below ground. (see Figure 2)

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Figure 2.1
Balconies
Note. Façade showing its alternating balconies.
Like a traditional Italian Palazzina, balconies are positioned on every facade, but they are
spaced alternately so that every apartment can access a balcony from the kitchen, living room,
dining room, or even the bedroom. Floor plans are similar to those of a Palazzina in that the
bathrooms are connected to the central core, which houses the stairs, elevator, and service ducts,
while the living areas and bedrooms are positioned around the outside of the structure. The idea
was to have party walls dividing each apartment from the other and to allow traffic around the
building's perimeter. (see Figure 2.1)

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Figure 2.2
Balcony details
The size of a balcony is 1.5 x 3 meters, which allows for plenty of space for multiple
people to read a book or enjoy coffee at a small table. By extending the steel frame from one
apartment to enclose the balcony of the neighbor above, the idea was to create a connection
between the tenants. Every balcony has specially made pots that are filled with plants that climb
up the steel slated frames. Each balcony is adorned with leaves that give visual seclusion and
foster a sense of community among tenants who take shared responsibility for maintaining these
plants. (see Figure 2.2)
The balconies were made using a unique procedure. These balconies utilized Katia
programs, the newest production facilities, and automotive know-how. These balconies were
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created over the course of two years, from conception to completion, and installation only took a
few hours, greatly expediting the building process. Every balcony has a floor drainage system
that includes an access panel for maintenance. Every balcony has an exposed rainwater pipe that
descends from the penthouse terrace, collecting water as it goes. This pipe is easily accessible for
maintenance. (Archdaily, 2022)
I.1.3 Local Related Works
Figure 3
Alicia Apartment, Pasay City

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Alicia Apartment is situated in the center of Paranaque, 1.2 mi (2 km) from St. Andrew's
Cathedral, as well as the Japanese Embassy and Baclaran Church, both three miles (5 km) away.
Ayala Center and SM Mall of Asia are likewise within 6 miles (10 km). (see Figure 3)
Being a great option for both short- and long-term stays, Alicia Apartment exudes
comfort and convenience with a hint of style. The building, which rises to an exquisite five
floors, has several amenities to meet the various needs of its visitors. There is an area shuttle
service that offers easy access to neighboring attractions for a fee for those who want to explore
beyond the premises. Offering a calm area to unwind, the terrace looks out over the bustling city
life, beckoning visitors to do so. To make sure that visitors have a good start to their day.
In addition, the establishment provides dedicated smoking areas to cater to the needs of
its guests, guaranteeing a comfortable stay for all. The front desk is open around-the-clock,
demonstrating the apartment's unwavering dedication to providing excellent service to its guests.
The convenience of airport transportation for pickup, albeit at an additional cost, for guests
arriving by air highlights the apartment's commitment to accessibility. Furthermore, the fact that
dry cleaning and laundry services are offered attests to the all-inclusive approach taken to guest
care, guaranteeing that each requirement is handled professionally. In addition to guaranteeing a
comfortable and convenient stay, Alicia Apartment's free WiFi service makes sure that visitors
stay connected to the things that are most important to them while visiting. (Alicia Apartments,
2018).
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Figure 4
Luzville Residences, Naic, Cavite
Luzville Residences - C8, located in Naic, Luzon, has a patio. This property provides free
WiFi, free private parking, and access to a balcony. The distance between the apartment and the
SMX Convention Center is 38 km and 38 km, respectively. The distance between this apartment
and SM City Rosario is 12 miles (20 km). San Francisco de Malabon Church is located 15:55
miles (24:09 kilometers) away. The large apartment has a dining area, a fully equipped kitchen, a
terrace with views of the garden, a bedroom, a bathroom, towels, bed linens, and a flat-screen
TV with cable channels. The property's air-conditioned unit has a dressing room and a bidet.
There is an outdoor dining space on the property. The apartment has a children's playground as
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well as a garden where visitors can unwind. Luzville Residences - C8 is 38 km from SM Mall of
Asia, and 39 km from SM By the Bay Amusement Park. Ninoy Aquino International Airport,
which is 35 kilometers from the lodging, is the closest airport. (see Figure 4)
Figure 4.1
Site Vicinity
Note. Map shows the exact location of Luzville Residences. (from Google Maps)
The vicinity of the apartment is surrounded by nearby places like Tenate Town Plaza, St.
Francis Memorial Garden of Naic, St. Ana Park Philippine Racing Club, Amaya Centrale Eco
Residences, The Wantilan Clubhouse, Belvedere Park, Victorias Place, Metrograte Trece
Martires Clubhouse, Biwas Arcade, and Costa Verde Clubhouse.

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I.2 Framework of the Study
The Balai: A Proposed Low-Rise Apartment in Rosales, Pangasinan aims to
accommodate people enough amenities to meet the needs of growing number of individuals who
chose to live far away from their family in order to study or work. Additionally, this proposal
will set as guidelines and basis for future apartment in Rosales, Pangasinan.
1. Standards and Criteria for Design
The goal of the study is to ascertain the standards and attainment influencing apartment
design which will meet the diverse needs and preferences of the occupants and aiming to
improve residential environment’s overall standards. To properly design an apartment with
architectural style and functionality, the standards and Criteria are applied.
• Architectural Features
The characteristics of the building relies over its capacity to assert a specific
functions and conditions. The building’s configuration, integration, distinction, is
intended to evoke specific psychological and visual response to its occupants. The
building ought to showcase a favorable attributes local construction method. The
materials that will be selected to use should be selected based on availability, sturdiness
and alluring for the occupants to feel comfortable and safe. Additionally, adding an
aesthetic component can improve the occupant’s visual interest to the apartment.
• Guidelines for Place Sensitivity
The apartment is nestled in a vibrant area, and the guidelines of the perception of the
location should also be considered in order for the occupants feel like “home” and to be
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more than just a place to stay and sleep. To prevent the occupants from experiencing
homesickness. The place sensitivity guidelines will be followed
2. Applicable Laws
The related laws in architecture will be of use to for the standard planning and designing
any kinds of construction project. The following laws will be applied by the research in the
project.
• P.D 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines
To ensure the safety, health, and accessibility of the occupants and user of buildings and
structures.
• B.P 344 Accessibility Law
Batas Pambansa blg. 344. an act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons aims to
promotes the rights and welfare of person with disabilities (PWDs).
• R.A NO. 9514 Fire Code of the Philippines
This law aims to protect life, property and the environment from destructive effects of
fire.
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I.3 Conceptual Framework
Balai:
A Proposed Low-Rise Apartment in
Rosales, Pangasinan
Standards and Criteria for Design Applicable Laws
Architectural Features
P.D 1096 National Building
Code of the Philippines
Guidelines for Place Sensitivity
B.P 344 Accessibility Law
R.A No. 9514 Fire Code of the

Philippines
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I.4 Research Paradigm
Table 1
Paradigm of the Study
Input Process Output
⚫ Factors to consider in ⚫ Incorporating efficient ⚫ A well-planned and
order to achieve a refined space planning to design building that
and quality design of a maximize function and provides maximum
low-rise vertical building aesthetics, as well as benefits to the future
utilizing high-quality occupants.
materials and finishes for
durability and visual
appeal. Additionally,
attention to natural
lighting, ventilation, and
sustainable design
principles to enhance the
overall living experience
and environmental
impact of the apartment.
⚫ Impact of building a low- ⚫ Minimizing the overall ⚫ A well-planned and
rise vertical apartment to building footprint, design building that
its surrounding preserving green spaces, promote economic

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and maintaining the growth, and improve
neighborhood's character overall community well-
and ambiance. being
Additionally, strategic
placement and design to
enhance the urban fabric
and contribute to a more
sustainable and livable
community environment.
⚫ Community Engagement ⚫ Interview/ survey with ⚫ A well-planned and
people living within the design building that
area. approved and meet the
community satisfaction.
⚫ Pertinent Laws ⚫ Review pertinent laws ⚫ A well-planned and
➢ BP 220 and provisions that design building that
➢ BP 344 relevant to the proposal. follows the Philippine
➢ PD 1096 Standard.
➢ RA 9514
I.5 Statement of the Problem
The proposed project faces a challenge due to a scarcity of available apartment housing,
attributed to its proximity to bustling business sectors and government facilities. This research
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seeks to increase understanding and awareness of the forthcoming challenges. This research aims
to gain knowledge and awareness of the challenges that will be encountered.
By pointing out the existing problems encountered and making suggesting remedies,
guiding questions for this area are the following:
• What are the factors to consider in order to achieve a refined and quality design of a low-
rise vertical apartment?
• What are the pertinent laws to be considered in planning and designing a low-rise vertical
apartment?
• What will be the impact of building a low-rise vertical apartment to its surrounding?
• What are the tactics to consider in achieving a social architectural approach?
I.5.1 Objective of the Study
The proposed project is important in a sense that it developments the living of the people
that is within the place. The aim of this research is to stablish a residential building that will
promote a more convenient, secured and sustainable for people.
To achieve this, the objectives are the following:
• To propose a well-designed low-rise vertical apartment that helps to provide
accommodation and needs to the tenants.
- BP220
- BP 344
- PD 1096
- RA 9514
• To promote economic growth and improve overall community wellbeing.

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• To design a building that fosters community engagement.

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Chapter II: Design and Methodology
This chapter reveals the research design and methodologies to be employed by the
researchers in conducting the study, including the locale of the study, data gathering tools, and
data gathering procedure establishing the study’s validity and reliability.
II.1 Research Design
The location of the study will be at Rosales. To accomplish the study’s objectives and to
interpret it through the design for the proposed project. This study was made using the
descriptive method. Data will be collected by using methods of gathering data which will be
done by site observation and inspection, online research, reading related articles and literature as
well interviews and surveys will also be done to add more data and pieces of information.
Jahoda et. al (1965:50) stated “Research design is the arrangement of conditions for
collecting and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research
purpose with economy in procedure”. Research design is a blueprint for a scientific study and
other experts define research design as the glue that holds the research project together (Yashvi,
2022). Descriptive research is a methodological approach that seeks to depict the characteristics
of a phenomenon or subject under investigation (Singh, 2023).
The study will be using the following methods:
− Site inspection and site observation as a method of data gathering.
− Conform to the IRR, standards, guidelines, principles, and other codes for the design
considerations and requirements that should be applied.
− Reliable books and other sources to use in supplemental data analysis.
− Obtaining essential data from the library, internet, survey, and interview.
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II.2 Population and Locale of the Study
a) Municipality
Rosales officially the Municipality of, is a 1st class municipality in
the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of
66,711 people.
Rosales being at a crossroad of national roads, it enjoys proximate distances to Manila
(soon 1.5 hours drive) Baguio (1.5 hours drive) and Manaoag (45 minutes drive). At present,
Rosales has a population of 59,687 from the 2010 survey. The table below depicts of the history
of the growth of population in Rosales and growth rate is 1.47%
Table 2
Population Growth Municipality of Rosales 1903-2010
Note: Data source from National Statistics office
b) History
Prior to its establishment as a separate municipal entity, Rosales was first called
Pinalakban. It was the Bago Tribe who were the original inhabitants of Pinalakban. They
were pagans who worshipped and believed in “anitos” or the gods and goddesses of nature.
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Tallipungen (now San Angel) is the last sitio where the Bago Tribe dwelt. “Tallipungen” in
Bago dialect meant cemetery, and the present San Angel Elementary School site was the
cemetery of the Bago population. Succeeding them were sturdy Ilocano pioneers who arrived
and occupied the place. Their fortitude, industry, and thrift enabled them to clear slowly the
forested area in order that they could have a land of their own. Migrants from other regions,
lured by the promise of the land, soon arrived and swelled the population.
Pinalakban was a mere sitio under the ancient Pandoyocan. In 1841 when
Pandoyocan was changed into Villasis and finally became a town-parish it included
Pinalakban. The location of Pinalakban is somewhat complicated for parts of it stand in the
boundaries of Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija. When Pinalakban was included in Villasis it
became part of Pangasinan but when Cuyapo was declared as a Barrio of Pinalakban in 1849,
it was then a part of Nueva Ecija.
In December 12, 1851, Gaspar Velo, Isabelo Villapa, Simplicio Sansano, Avelino
Pine, Anecito Sansano, Luciano Pangililingan, Joaquin Sorilla, and several others petitioned
the Spanish government to separate Barrio Pinalakban from the municipality of Villasis. The
petition was granted. A Royal decree was issued on March 16, 1852 making it a separate
municipality with the name of ROSALES in honor of Don Antonio Rosales Liberal. Don
Gaspar Velo was appointed as the first Gobernadorcillo and Juez de Paz of Rosales, Isabelo
Villapa as Teniente Mayor, Luciano Pangililingan as Directorcillo, and Joaquin Sorilla as
Contador. Alongside with the creation of Rosales as a separate municipality, the group led by
Don Gaspar Velo looked for a venue where the new government can hold their meetings and
assemblies. The group was informed by the kaingeros that there is an abandoned Spanish
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house located southern part of the town poblacion (during those time the poblacion of
Rosales or Sitio Pinalakban was located between the area of Sitio Makatae and Sitio
Cabilitan, along the site of the Rosales Grotto nowadays). The group led the clearing of the
house and it became the official seat of the newly established government with its name as
Tribunal. The tribunal serves as the office of the municipal government as well as a place
where they detailed prisoners. The tribunal has a place under the house and it was covered
with wood planks and they called it dungeon.
In 1853, the opening of road going to Cuyapo and the construction of a church and
cemetery located at the Totonugen was done under the time of Don Isabelo Villapa. He
succeeded the term as Gobernadorcillo while Don Joaquin Sorilla was the Teniente Mayor.
In 1954, Don Joaquin Sorilla became the Gobernadorcillo and Don Luciano Pangililingan as
the Teniente Mayor. During the time of Don Joaquin, the construction of the first school
building was made. The organization of the first guerillas in the town started in 1855 and on
this year Don Luciano Pangililingan headed the town as Gobernadorcillo and Don Manuel
Montemayor as Teniente Mayor. In the periods of 1856-1858, Don Manuel Montemayor,
Don Ludivico Velo and Don Gaspar Sina respectively became the Gobernadorcillo while
Don Teodorico Velo, Don Basilio Bince and Don Tomas Pine were the Teniente Mayors.
On October 29, 1859, Cuyapo separated from Rosales and became a municipality. At
the same year the making of a national road and the reconstruction of the Cuyapo road took
place. When Cuyapo was separated from Rosales, it took with it the church and cementery
that was made prior to its separation. The Gobernadorcillo and Teniente Mayor on this year
were Don Joaquin Sorilla and Don Tomas Pine.

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Between the years of 1860 to 1882 there was not much notable development of the
town that was recorded. Change in leadership and some calamity occurred which had caused
famine and starvation to the townspeople. In 1861, the municipal officials govern the town
for two years. The following leaders of these periods were Don Jose Fonacier, Don
Raymundo Sinnaco, Don Gaspar Sina, Don Luis Valencia, Don Antonio Pine, Don Andres
Sanchez, Don Carlos Fernandez, Don Agustin Olivar and Don German de Guzman as
Gobernadorcillo. The Teniente Mayors were Don Raymundo Sinnaco, Don Gaspar Sina, Don
Luis Valencia, Don Celedonio Basconcillo, Don Andres Sanchez, Don Basilio Bince and
Don Andres Callanta.
In 1883, the executive title of Gobernadorcillo was changed to Capitan Municipal.
Don Andres Callanta became the first to hold the position and the Teniente Mayor was Don
Pascual Dasil. They held the said positions for two years. In 1885-1890, the Capitan
Municipals were Don Simplicio Sansano, Don Jose Fonacier and Don Anecito Sansano
respectively. Whereas, the Teniente Mayors were Don Emiliano Cargue, Don Elias
Remollino and Don Avelino Pine correspondingly.
Rosales, as all other towns, was not exempt from the tyrannical yoke of Spain. The
people, thus, took up the cause of the Katipunan during the revolutionary period and engaged
the Spaniards at the famed Battle of Bacobar and overpowered the conquerors. Many,
however, especially among the favored few had imbibed the glitter and custom of Castillian
society and embraced the Catholic faith. From 1891-1894, Don Carlos Fernandez and Don
German De Guzman were the Capitan Municipals and Don Apolonio Bince was the Teniente
Mayor.
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It was in 1895 to 1897 where the beginning of the Philippine Revolution and the
organization of local volunteers and arrival of Guerillas in the town. The Capitan Municipal
and Teniente Mayor during these years were Don Avelino Pine and Don Apolonio Bince.
Don Avelino Pine was the last Capitan Municipal as the nomenclature changed again in
1898.
Alongside with the establishment of the Philippine Government in 1898 was the
changing of the title Capitan Municipal, Teniente Mayor and Directorcillo to President, Vice
President and Secretary respectively. Don Cenon Corrales then became the first President,
the new title appended to the position of the town executive while Don Aniceto Sansano was
the Vice President. In 1899, Fil-American War finally erupted and some Pangasinense
volunteer soldiers came from Rosales. In this year, Don Tomas Canonizado was the
President while Don Emiliano Cargue was the Vice President.
During the revolution, Rosales played a role in the life of our great Apolinario Mabini
during his struggle for Philippine independence against the American colonization. He was a
frequent visitor of the Tribunal. It was here in Rosales when he wrote some of his articles for
publication abroad in order to earn sympathy for the Revolution. It was also at Rosales
during his retirement when Mabini led the planning and formation of the Filipino National
Church and the launching of the campaign of the Filipino clergy against the Spanish clergy.
It was at Rosales where the first Philippine Independent Church or Aglipayan Church was
built in August 02, 1902. This was also the first church that was built in the municipality.
The beginning of the 19th Century (1900-1901) is the start of the American Civil
Government. The payment of cedula (residence certificate) costing ₱20₵ was introduced. In
26
February 1901, Rosales was transferred under the jurisdiction of the Province of Pangasinan
under the Philippine Commission Act no. 86. The first Philippine Census started in 1903 and
it had been a useful tool in classifying the inhabitants of the province and the different
municipalities. Due to the problems that occurred during those years and the adverse
economic conditions, 12 municipalities lost their corporate existence and were merged with
other towns in 1903. Among these was the incorporation of Balungao to Rosales. In 1900-
1905, the town’s Presidents were Don Aniceto Sansano, Don Luis Minglana and Don Jose
Castillo and their Vice Presidents were Don Francisco Bince and Don Calixto Soliven. Don
Francisco Bince held the position for two consecutive terms.
In the years of 1906 to 1908 the construction of the new municipal building was made
due to the demolition of the old municipal building. The revision of land tax and the election
of First Philippine Assembly with Matias Gonzales as our first Congressman happened
during this period. In 1908, Balungao was restored to its independent status thereby
separating it from Rosales.
The succeeding years 1909 to 1912 have been a period of continuous struggle for
progress. There occurred calamities that destroyed properties as well as people. But it does
not hinder the municipal government to develop Rosales. By the end of 1912, the
construction of the first cemented school building took place. Further developments and
constructions were done during this year.
In 1913 to 1919, the construction of the Rosales public market started. The erection of
two artesian wells, the construction of the Carmen-Villasis Bridge in 1916 as well as the
Bakit-Bakit Bridge was made. The excavation of canals for irrigation purposes also started
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along these years. Two Rosalenians were elected as Congressman, Cong. Hugo Sansano and
Cong. Bernabe de Guzman. On this period occurred the end of the First World War.
In 1906-1919, the Presidents of the town were Don Juan Cargue, Don Cecilio
Vallejos, Don Luis Minglana, Don Angel Pine and Don Bartolome Casanova. The Vice
Presidents were Don Francisco Soriano, Don Felipe Bince, Don Silverio Casasiempre, Don
Joaquin Cascolan and Don Gregorio Zambrano in that order.
In 1920 to 1922, the construction of public works office, Division of Irrigations and
the Bureau of Forestry was established. An intermediate school was also constructed through
voluntary contributions. Ricardo Gonzales was elected as congressman. Don Gregorio
Zambrano and Don Liberato Cadang were the town’s President and Vice President during
this term. In 1923, the American colonial period restored Don Atanasio Sansano as President
by appointment with Don Maximo Domingo as Vice President. Rosales began to enter its
own age of progress. During the term of Don Atanasio Sansano, the construction of the road
of Rizal Street to Cabalaoangan was continued. The public cemetery was also opened. In
1924, the construction of the Presidencia building was done and became the new seat of the
municipal government.
The seeds of democracy had been sown and in the following years, popular suffrage
was introduced, and the people elected Don Luis Minglana as President in the next term
while Don Isidro Casanova as Vice President. More changes followed. Free enterprise was
allowed and encouraged, and popular governance was institutionalized. In 1928 to 1931
during the term of Don Isidro Casanova as President and Don Jose Gonzales as Vice
President, the erection of the water tank was done which is known today as the Rosales
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Water District. The Room No. 10-A School Building was constructed, and it became the
first government school in Rosales. This was now known today as the San Pedro Elementary
School. The man who was behind the numerous infrastructures that was created was Engr.
Felix Meimban, Sr., who was the first civil engineer of Rosales. He constructed the water
tank, public market, water irrigation, the old Rizal monument, and many others.
Rosales once served as a link between the north and south of the Philippines. In
1930’s, the Manila Railroad Company (MRRCo) started to expand its railroad network to
some 1,140 route-kilometers. In 1931, the first Bicol train is put into operation. Before the
end of the decade, in 1938, the unified system of railroad from San Fernando, La Union in
the North to Legazpi in the South was formally inaugurated and it passed through the
municipality of Rosales. With its train station in Rosales, a barangay was named to it and it
was known today as Brgy. Station District. In these period, 1931-1937, Don Jose Gonzales
and Don Fortunato Alberto were the Presidents and Don Cipriano Vallejos and Don Elpidio
Velo were the Vice presidents.
Between 1938 and 1940, during the term of Dr. Victorino Pine and Don Demetrio
Sansano as President and Vice President respectively, the construction of the Farmer’s Park
or the Carabao Monument commenced. In 1939 to 1946 World War II occurred and it did not
spare Rosales from its wrath. The town was razed to ashes and properties were destroyed.
The people experienced famine and starvation and many of them died. Dr. Victorino Pine,
the town’s executive officer during the Commonweath, had reluctantly accepted the position
of mayor forced upon him by the Japanese Occupation Forces but had been incarcerated for
his demonstrated opposition for the invaders. The garrison commander of the Japanese
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Imperial Army that was stationed in Rosales appointed Don Martin Vallejos as mayor. His
administration was also known as the Subservient Government of the Japanese Government.
He was then succeeded by Don Felix Coloma and Don Fermin Binavince respectively.
In 1946 to 1952, liberation came as a blessing to the people of Rosales. Dr. Felix
Coloma, who is aggressive and uncompromising, presided over the rehabilitation of the town
as mayor. During this period, the nomenclature of the head of the town was changed, from
Municipal President to Municipal Mayor and Municipal Vice President to Municipal Vice
Mayor. The Vice Mayor during this term was Don Francisco Delos Reyes. Don Felix
Coloma restored peace and order and steered the town out of the ashes of war and returned it
to its former promising state. The Rosales Municipal High School was constructed during
this period. The construction of the bridge of the Rizal Street and the fencing in front of the
Municipal Hall are some of the developments during this term. Don Felix Coloma’s
retirement marked the rise of a new, able and illustrious leader, Conrado Estrella.
In 1952 to 1954, Don Conrado Estrella carried out the remodeling of the public plaza
and the transformation of public lots to food production lots in conformity of the directive of
Pres. Ramon Magsaysay. Don Conrado Estrella’s executive ability prompted Pres.
Magsaysay to appoint him as governor of the province, a position to which the people would
elect him for two more terms. Upon his appointment in 1954, Vice Mayor Silvestre
Domingo, an equally dynamic public official more popularly known as the “man of the
masses” succeeded him as mayor. Don Beting, as he was affectionately called, was so well
liked by the people of Rosales that they re-elected him for three consecutive terms (1954-
1963). He was a dynamic local executive and did a lot of improvement. He preceded the
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construction of the public market in Rosales Washington District as well as the Liberty Wells
in the barrios. He formed the Pensioners and Veterans Club of Rosales and founded the
construction of the Triangle or the Unknown Soldiers Monument as a tribute to the brave
soldiers who fought and died during the World War II. He died in 1966, after he won a
political protest from Atty. Fernando Ramos for an unprecedented fourth term of office. Don
Cristino Soriben, the vice mayor during that time took over the reins of the local government
to serve out the remaining years of the term. When Don Cristino Soriben became the mayor,
Doña Filipinas Coloma was appointed as vice mayor. She was the first lady vice mayor of
the town.
Then came 1967 when a major political upheaval happened. This was the election of
the youngest mayor and vice mayor which was a breakthrough in the political history of
Rosales. The young mayor mentioned here was Mayor Robert “Bobby” Estrella and the Vice
Mayor was Remegio Yu.
After serving as mayor for two years (1967-1969), Bobby Estrella ran for the position
of Congressman of the 5th District of Pangasinan and was overwhelmingly elected by the
people. He served in this capacity until he met his untimely death at the very young age of
34.
When Mayor Bobby Estrella vacated his position as a Mayor of Rosales to run for
Congress, Vice Mayor Remegio Yu took over the reins of the local government in 1969. This
marked the beginning of the reign of the Yu which spanned 36 years. Mayor Remegio Yu
has the distinction of having served the longest term as mayor in the political history of
Rosales (1969-1986 and 1988-1997).

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When the EDSA Revolution broke out in February 1986 and with the installation of
the first lady president of the Republic, Her Excellency Corazon C. Aquino, and by the
appointment of then OIC Governor Demetrio Demetria of Pangasinan, Atty. Alfonso Bince,
Jr. was installed as the OIC Mayor of Rosales. His tenure as OIC Mayor, however, was short
lived.
The political situation of the country became unstable and this instability affected the
tenure of the government officials from provincial government down to the municipal
government and even extended to the barangays. The incumbent government officials were
replaced by the Officer-In-Charge and Rosales was not spared from this. Even to the
appointment of OICs did not end by the replacement of officials for even incumbent OICs
were also subject to replacement by new OICs.
Same thing happened in Rosales. The incumbent OIC Mayor Alfonso Bince was
replaced by OIC Dante Casibang in the wake of the approval of his appointment from
Malacañang. Mayor Casibang served as the municipal executive from 1987 to 1988, the
scheduled local election disrupted the term of Mayor Casibang. He had to tender his
resignation in compliance to a provision of the Election code that called for the resignation of
OICs who were running for election. Mr. Victorino Sumaling became the officer in charge
until he was also replaced by Mr. Abraham Alipio who acted as Mayor until the duly elected
Mayor in the January 18, 1988 local elections took his oath and formally assumed office. As
the world moved on to the 3rd millennium, Rosales was again taken a date with history when
the first lady mayor was elected. Mayor Remigio Yu had already completed the three
consecutive terms allowed by law to local officials as provided for and because of this his
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wife, Julieta Yu, run and was elected Mayor for two consecutive terms. However, she lost on
her 3rd attempt in 2004 elections and was defeated by a young Police Officer, Mayor Ricardo
Velo Revita. Mayor Revita held the executive position for three consecutive terms (2004-
2013). Along with the public officials on his administration, they are remembered to have
introduced changes which elevated Rosales into a First-Class Municipality and the thriving
of economic activities in the locality.
In the end of the term of Mayor Revita, along with his wife Patricia attempted to run as
Mayor and Vice Mayor respectively but the townspeople decided to ordain fresh leaders.
These are Liga ng Barangay President, Hon. Susan Pagador Casareno as Mayor and
incumbent Councilor Hon. Harry B. Bernabe as Vice Mayor. For the record in this election
period, a political party had an unprecedented win where almost all candidates under it were
elected into post except for a single seat in the Sanggunian. Their victory could be said to be
overwhelming marked by an approximately gap of 9,000 votes for the mayoralty that never
happened before. This administration’s goal is to provide true public service devoid of
personal aggrandizement, establishment of a community hospital, perpetuating authentic
peace and order in the locality, strengthening of the small businesses in Rosales to become
competitive and living by example with the highest degree of morals and honesty as public
officials.
Amidst the changing of guard, Rosalenians today have become resilient and has adopted
to alternative sources for their living. This is from previously dependent to farming being a
primarily agricultural town, farmers indeed have learned to send their children to school and
pursue other careers apart from farming. Basically, the subtle shift to being an economically
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active locality have been fueled by these factors; peace and order, strategic location, qualified
manpower and business friendly atmosphere among others. In the years ahead, the
stewardship of a city is eyed for having obtained the basic resources for this vision. In due
time and in our own pacing, Rosales will soon become a city with its distinct identity,
character and charm.
c) Physical Characteristics
A. Geographical Location
The town of Rosales is situated at the southernmost part of Pangasinan in Region I. It is
located between 160 14’ and 160 26’ latitude and between 1200 26’ and 1200 32’ longitude. It is
located between 150 52’ 30” and 150 56’ 00” latitude and between 1200 33’ 00” and 1200 36” 00”
longitude. It is bounded on the north and northwest by the Agno River, beyond which is the
Municipality of Villasis; on the northeast by the Municipality of Santa Maria, on the east by
Balungao, on the southeast by Cuyapo, on the south and southwest by San Manuel of the
province of Tarlac and on the west by the Municipality of Santo Tomas, Pangasinan. It is
situated 178 kilometers north of Manila and 60 kilometers east of the provincial capital of
Lingayen. It is around four (4) hours ride by bus from Manila via the Manila North Road not
until though the completion of the Tarlac-Pangasinan-La Union Expressway project in 2013
which will cut the travel time to Manila by two hours.
B. Land Area, Urban-Rural and Political Subdivisions
Rosales has a total land area of 7,279.7973 hectares, which is around 1.36% of the total
536,818 hectares of the province of Pangasinan. From its entire land area, it is politically
subdivided into its 37 Barangays where 9 of which are considered urban and the remaining 28 to
34
be rural. Moreover, unlike any other town, Rosales has two urban centers these are Carmen area
and that of the Poblacion.
Table 3
Total Land Area by Barangay Classification in Rosales, Pangasinan: 2017
LAND AREA
CLASSIFICATION
(Hectares)
URBAN BARANGAYS 544.50
RURAL BARANGAY 6,735.30
Total Land Area 7,279.80
Note: Data Source MPT Computation
C. Land Classification
Rosales has almost no forest cover except for patches of fruit bearing and shade trees
scattered around the municipality. This is principally along the banks of rivers, off road
shoulders and on the slopes of Mount Balungao within the municipal jurisdiction. In the
Barangays however of Acop, Salvacion and Calanutan there are small parcels of land considered
to be Forest Reserve or Timberland which are awarded to some locals under the stewardship
contracts.
Based on the available records of the DENR CENRO-Office in Urdaneta, there are
16.866 hectares along the slopes of Mt. Balungao falling under this classification. Thus the
remaining part of the lands in Rosales is classified to be entirely alienable and disposable lands.
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D. Slope and Topography
A broad alluvial plain and a small range region at the southeast border abutting the
municipality of Balungao characterize the municipality of Rosales. These lands have a slope of
0 – 8% consisting generally of flat plains, rendering the municipality perfectly adaptable to a
highly intensive agricultural economy as its major role in the province of Pangasinan. Only the
slopes of Mount Balungao to the southeast mar the plains. These areas covering the eastern
portions of Balincanaway, Acop, Calanutan, San Angel, and San Antonio as well as the central
section of Salvacion and the northern half of San Vicente, have slopes of 4-18%. The southern
tip of Balincanaway, the southeastern end of Acop, and the northern portion of Savacion have
slopes of 18-50% these being on the upper elevations of Mount Balungao.
E. Soil Type and Suitability
There are three types of soil that could be found in Rosales, to wit; Fine Sand to Sandy
Loam, Silty Loam and the Silty Clay Loam. Apparently, the Silty Loam composes more than
half of the agricultural area which has an area of 3,187.5 hectares which is succeeded by Silty
Clay Loam with an area of 1,093.15 hectares then the Fine Sand to Sandy Loam with 707.35
hectares.
F. Soil Erosion
The municipality in general is not susceptible to landslides regardless of its minimal areas
that are sloping or of mountainous landscape. However, the identified areas prone to erosion
proven by testimonies of the locals and that of experience were those that are along the local
stream bank.
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Under these are the banks along the Agno river particularly in Carmen East where a
curvature of the river exists. Nevertheless, some measures of protection for the bank such as re-
propping been made. Besides this is the banks of the Totonogen river in Barangay Bakit-Bakit
where in the recent typhoons been eroding gradually areas thereof.
G. Climate
The prevailing climate condition in Rosales is characterized by the wet and dry seasons.
Rosales though belongs to those who experience prolonged dry seasons though by the erratic
weather conditions sometimes the wet season becomes extra longer. Dry season commences on
the month of October that extends towards the month of April where on May wet season usually
starts.
As divulged by the PAG-ASA Dagupan, the average annual temperature on this area is
32.9 C on its maximum that happens during the height of the summer season and its minimum is
23.3 C that takes place on the months of January where it is the coldest.
H. Water Resources
The municipality is traversed on its northern portion by the third largest river of Luzon
which is the Agno River shared along the boundaries of the municipality of Villasis. Besides
from this major river that has once caused serious flooding in 2009, there are some tributary
rivers that crosses through the territorial jurisdiction of the town, these are the Rio Bakit-Bakit,
Totonogen, Bued, Andulan and the Lagasit rivers.
Apart from these there are also some inland bodies of water in Rosales which are
manmade for the purpose of irrigation but carry along some tourism benefits and livelihood for
37
the nearby locals. These are the Acop, San Angel and the Salvacion Small Water Impounding
Projects which are all initiated by the Department of Agriculture.
The river resource, fish live on our rivers but has not become a sole reliance for the locals
since they do not abound. But for people who live in Carmen they earn a living by taking the fine
sand from the river bed of Agno and this is a steady source of their living which is only
suspended on times of flooding or when the water level of Agno is high.
I. Flooding Susceptibility
Rosales being a monotonously flat locality is not spared from the hazards of flooding.
The vulnerability of the town is even heightened as it is being traversed by the third largest river
in the country which is the Agno River and other rivers/creek such as the Lagasit, Andulan,
Totonogen and Udiao.
d) The Site and its Existing Condition
• Residential
Residential areas are typically classified as providing varying amounts of living
accommodation for people. Residential areas are usually designated as such by the development
plan of the municipality, including the amount of units and consequently, the approximate
number of people living in the locality following the described density. The amount of land
zoned for residential development should be in line with the projected population growth.
Residential areas will generally consist of various accommodation such as apartments,
medium to high density, detached or semi-detached houses and others. The character of
residential area can be influenced heavily by the mixture of tenures or ownership which are
38
available within an area. All these factors will have an influence on the security of a residential
area.
• Commercial
Commercial areas in the municipality primarily composed of commercial buildings that
can be found in the Central Business District along major streets along the Poblacion, in
Barangay Carmen East and West and towards Carmen. The commercial activity includes
commercial institutions, department stores, malls, supermarkets, fastfood chains, buying and
selling of goods and services in retail businesses, wholesale buying and selling, financial
establishments and a wide variety of uses that are broadly classified as business. While
commercial activities typically take up a relatively small amount of land, they are extremely
important to a community’s economy. They provide employment, facilitate the circulation
of money and often serve many roles important to the community. Hence, the total land area
occupied by commercial land in the locality is 63.853 hectares or 0.8771 percent of the total land
area of the municipality.
• Institutional
The land uses which serve a community’s educational, religious, social, healthcare, and
recreational. Institutions may privately own or operated by government agencies. For purposes
of this plan, institutional uses that function as an arm of the municipal government, such as
volunteer fire services, are addressed in the community facilities element. Many institutional
land uses are legally established as not-for-profit; but in some cases, as with the larger scale
institutions such as hospitals. Collectively, institutions exert a unique influence upon the
community. While stately institutional campuses containing stone structures and mature
39
frequent changes their grounds, buildings and operations. Institutions are continuing state of
evolution with some that needs to expand to meet new needs or declining as a result of
demographic or market forces.
The existing land use occupied by institutional buildings, facilities and utilities to provide
quality of education, institutional services and health care has a total of 97.162 hectares or 1.334
percent.
• Agro-Industrial
Industries in the Municipality of Rosales, Pangasinan are better place than other areas to
respond to improve the economy of the locality. This is another direction of development in the
municipality towards agri-industrial activity. The vantage points they enjoy are central location
to markets, skilled labour force available in the locality and good access to transport.
Particularly, there remain a considerable supply for agri-industrial/industrial land in the
municipality. This in a way generates jobs and wealth of the people in the community.
The total land area for these particular land using activities is 16.828527 hectares or
0.23116752 percent.
The municipality of Rosales has a total land area allotted for housing purposes is 365.97
hectares or 5.027 percent of the Municipal Total Land Area of the Municipality.
• Tourism
There 19.487 hectares devoted to tourism activities in the locality or .02677 percent to
total. The most noted would be the Our Lady of Rosales grotto situated in Barangay Station
District and that of the Cozy Place Resort, the Acop Dam, San Angel Dam which are bodies of
40
water. Basically, these intertwine with either parts of the bodies of water, commercial
establishments or religious institution.
• Roads, Dikes & Easements
There is a total of 238.99973 hectares of land under this class. This is the combination of
the national, municipal and barangay roads and to include as well the newly opened TPLEX and
its Rosales Interchange. Basically, this is 2.50996 percent of the total land area.
• Bodies of Water
The Agno River is situated in Luzon and is the 5th largest river basin in the Philippines,
with estimated basin area of 5,852 square kilometers. It is also considered as the 3rd largest river
in Luzon with its river system having a length of 270 kilometers, 90 kilometers of which runs
through mountainous terrain and canyons. Originates from the Cordillera Mountains, traversing
various municipalities in Pangasinan. The Agno River traverses the Municipality of Rosales,
connecting the rivers of Lagasit, Andulan, and Totonogen rivers.
Rivers and creeks alone has a total land area of 147 hectares, while fishponds have an
area of 87.5 hectares and Small Water Impounding Projects have an aggregate area of 20.7
hectares or a total of 354.7 hectares or 2.5099 percent of the total land area of the municipality.
• Agro-Forest
This is composed of lands that are devoted to natural and plantation timber
production,and the public lands some of which is awarded through the Stewardship Program.
Apparently some 210.3 hectares do compose as agro-forest areas. Most of these lands are
41
situated at the foot of Mount Balungao on the side of Rosales. As a whole, the figure is 6.416%
of the total land area.
• Cemetery
A cemetery or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or
otherwise interred. The Municipality of Rosales has occupied for cemetery or burial ground of
4.5 hectares or 0.06181 percent of the total land area of the municipality.
• Municipal Material Recovery Facility/Controlled Dumpsite
The material recovery facility is a recycling facility for solid waste management that
processes recyclable materials to sell to manufacturers as a raw material for new products. The
Municipality has established MRF along within the premises of the Controlled Dumpsite all
situated in Barangay Salvacion. This has a total land area of 3.2 hectares or .04395 percent of the
total land area.
• Agriculture
The Municipality has a total agricultural land of 5,903 or 81.0874 percent of the total
land area of the Municipality. Out of these land areas 4,990 is for rice production under this
4,143 is irrigated while 847 relies on rain for watering the crops. For the difference, those lands
are devoted to planting of tobacco, corn, onion, other vegetables and fruit bearing trees.
• Industrial
The Municipality has a total land area of 1.8 hectares devoted to industrial purposes.
These are the Ice Plant and the Richbake Commissary both of which are in Tumana and another
plant in Balincannaway. These are vital in the economic dynamism of the locality.
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Table 4
Existing General Land Use in Rosales, Pangasinan: 2017
Land Uses Land Area (Has) Percent to Total
Built - up Areas:
Residential 365.97 5.0277
Commercial 63.85 0.87767
Institutional 97.162 1.33468
Agricultural 5,903 81.08742259
Irrigated 4,143
Un-irrigated 847
Other Crops 913
Industrial 1.8 0.024767
Agro-Industrial 16.828527 0.23116752
Agro-forest 210.3 2.888816
Special Use
Cemeteries 4.5 0.06183
Dumpsite 3.2 0.04396
Roads/Dikes/Easements 238.99973 3.28305425

43
Water bodies (rivers, creeks,
irrigation canals, swamps, 354.7 ++4.87238844
fishponds, etc)
Tourism 19.487 0.26655
TOTAL 7279.797257 100%
Figure 5
Existing Land Use: General

44
e) Source of Data
To compile information on Rosales, Pangasinan, the researchers accessed the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) for detailed geographical data and zoning regulations.
This document provided insight into the municipality's land area and supplemented this with
information gleaned from the official Rosales website. The site furnished a wealth of real-time
data on local governance, public services, and community events, which gave the researchers a
more rounded understanding of the municipality's socio-economic landscape. By referring to
both these resources, it was able to gather comprehensive details about Rosales, Pangasinan,
including its history, geography, and socio-economic dynamics.
II.3 Data Gathering Tools
The tools or techniques used in gathering data and information for the development of the
study depends on the descriptive survey method which is defined as a purposive process of
assessing, gathering and tabulating the data. The following tools and procedures were primarily
used in data gathering are:
1. Related works and internet
Related works and the internet are used as a tool for gathering apartment-related
information. The pertinent laws and other design principles relevant to the chosen project can
also be gathered through the use of books, related works, and the internet. This makes it possible
for the researchers to come up with feasible planning and design guidelines that prioritize the
project's qualities, and this will ensure that the project helps the beneficiaries in the most
effective way possible.

45
2. Survey
The researchers distributed questionnaires that were conducted through an actual survey
for the locality of Rosales and its neighboring towns. The results from these survey questions
assist the researchers in gathering information and developing concepts and architectural
solutions for this study.
3. Photo documentation
The researchers analyze the site using photo documentation to assess its current
surroundings. This includes examining solar paths, wind flow directions, climate conditions,
vehicular flows, and noise analysis. This data supports the researchers in developing plans and
integrating solutions for the proposed study.
II.4 Data Gathering Procedures
Providing a thorough and accurate description of the traits, behaviors, opinions, and
attitudes that exist within the target group is the main goal of a descriptive survey research
design, which is a methodical and structured approach to gathering data from a sample of people
or entities within a larger population. This approach uses questionnaires, surveys, interviews, or
direct observation to gather information, which is then analyzed and condensed to provide
conclusions about the target population.
II.4.1 Primary Data Collection
Primary data comes directly from the main source and is gathered from first-hand
experience. It alludes to information that has never been used before. The best type of data for
research is typically thought to be that which is obtained through primary data collection
methods. This study used the following:

46
II.4.1.1 Survey Questionnaires
Data will be collected from the chosen respondents. The use of an online platform such as
Google Forms will be a great platform for a wider distribution of questions around the locality of
Rosales and its neighboring towns. Before distributing questionnaires, the research will give a
concise description of its objectives. To ensure accurate result, all respondents will receive the
same questions. To generate data to complete the study, Google Forms will be used,
guaranteeing a thorough comprehension of the research.
II.4.1.2 Photo Documentation
In this procedure, actual data being collected. Actual photographs are being taken to
ensure and assess the accuracy of the study. Examinations such as site analysis, inclusion of
wind flow, climate condition, solar path, vehicular flow, and noise analysis will be observed.
This powerful tool will be a good basis for researchers to assure the project’s integrity and will
help the researchers for the progress of the output.
II.4.2 Secondary Data Collection
Secondary data refers to information that was previously gathered for a different reason
but may be useful for your present research objectives. A more efficient way of compiling data
from a variety of sources such as internal or external sources. This serves as a supplementary
data for the researchers to further its knowledge regarding the study.
II.4.2.1 Related Works
This area will help the researchers obtain additional information about the study. this
helps the researchers find existing projects related to the study’s goal. Credible data are gathered
to ensure the integrity of the output such as dissertations gathered from libraries.
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II.4.2.2 Internet
The use of internet will further expand the researcher’s understanding of the study. a
wider range of information will be found from credible online articles or journals gathered to
understand and widen the scope of the researcher’s knowledge. This will also fill additional
information that are not found from primary sources or dissertations.
II.5 Treatment of Data
The collected data were analyzed in order to evaluate the issues encountered during site
investigation. The data were then coded and arranged in accordance with predetermined
variables and categories to determine the goals and purpose of the aforementioned objectives of
the proposed research. The collected data will serve as a guide to determine the demand of
individuals and to conduct a total planning process. The assessment and investigation are
completed ahead of the project’s requirement.
For research question no. 1 to 7 and 10 to 13, the data collected from the survey
questionnaire given to a subset of study are tallied and tabulated in the frequency count (f) and
percentage distribution (P) using formula:
𝒇
𝑷= 𝒏 (100%)
Where:
F= Total response of respondents
N= Total respondents
%= Percentage
48
Table 5
Survey Question no. 1
Group Category Frequency Percentage
Resident (Employed) 29 58%
Student 21 42%
Total 50 100%
Note: The Table 5 for question no. 1 shows that out 50 respondents, 29 are resident
(employed which is 58% of total number of respondents and 21 of the, are students which is
42%.
Table 6
(Students)
₱10,000 below 8 38.1%
₱10,000 to ₱25,000 12 57.14%
₱25,000 above 1 4.76%
Not student 0 0%
Total 21 100%
Note: Table 6 for question no.2 shows the category of the students estimated monthly
budget. The table shows that our respondents are for students only is 21. Students who chose
₱10,000 below are only 8 which is 38.1%, for ₱10,000 to ₱25,000 are only 12 which is 57.14%,
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for ₱ 25,000 above are only 1 which is only 4.76%. Lastly, there are no respondent for not
student which is equivalent to 0%.
Table 7
(Residents)
₱12,000 below 6 20.69%
₱12,000 to ₱50,000 23 79.31%
₱50,000 above 0 0%
Not employee 0 0%
Total 29 100%
Note: Table 7 for question no. 3 shows the frequency and percentage of expected
estimate salary per month of residents/employed. The table shows that our respondents are for
residents only is 21. Residents who chose ₱12,000 below are only 8 which is 20.69%,
respondents for ₱12,000 to ₱50,000 are only 23 which is 79.31%. There are no respondents for ₱
50,000 above, same for not employee
Table 8
Yes 30 60%
No 20 40%
Total 50 100%
50
Note: The frequency and percentage of respondents if they are currently renting an
apartment are displayed in table 4. Table 8 for question no. 4 shows that out 50 respondents, 30
said yes which is 58% and 20 of the respondents said no with the percentage of 40%.
Table 9
(Residents)
₱5,000 below 12 40 %
₱5,000 to ₱10,000 17 56.67 %
₱10,000 above 1 3.33%
Total 30 100%
Note: Table 9 for question no. 5 shows frequency and percentage of resident’s monthly
rent if currently renting an apartment. The 30 respondents who chose ₱5,000 below are only 12
which is 40%, for ₱5,000 to ₱10,000 are only 17 which is 56.67%, for ₱ 10,000 above are only 1
which is only 3.33%.
Table 10
(Residents)
₱500 below 28 93.33%
₱500 to ₱5,000 2 6.67%
₱5,000 above 0 0%
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Total 30 100%
Note: Table 10 for question no. 7 shows the residents (employed) the estimated monthly
water bill. The respondents who chose yes are 30. The 30 respondents who chose ₱500 below are
only 28 which is 93.33%, for ₱500 to ₱5,000 are only 2 which is 6.67%. There are no
respondents for ₱ 5,000 above.
Table 11
Two-bedroom apartment 12 24%
Studio apartment 35 70%
Family apartment 3 6%
Total 50 100%
Note: Table 11 for question no. 10 shows the frequency and percentage of respondents
who chose the type of apartment they’re looking for. The table shows that out of 50 respondents,
respondents chose two-bedroom apartment with the frequency of 12 which is 24% of total
number of respondents, 35 of the respondents chose studio apartment which is 70, and 3
respondents chose family apartment which is 6%.
Table 12
(Two-bedroom apartment)
₱5,500 to ₱7,500 5 41.67%

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₱7,500 to ₱9,500 6 50%
₱9,500 above 1 8.33%
Total 12 100%
Note: The frequency and percentage of respondents if they pick two-bedroom apartment
and how much they are willing to pay for it are displayed in table 12. Table 12 for question no.11
shows that the total respondents for two-bedroom apartment only is 12. Respondents who chose
₱5,500 to ₱7,500 are only 6 which is 41.67%, for respondents who chose ₱7,500 to ₱9,500 are
only 6 which is 50%, for respondents who chose ₱9,500 and above are only 1 which is only
8.33%.
Table 13
(Studio apartment)
₱2,500 to ₱5,500 21 60%
₱5,500 to ₱7,500 14 40%
₱7,500 above 0 0%
Total 35 100%
Note: The frequency and percentage of respondents if they pick studio apartment and
how much they are willing to pay for it are displayed in table 13. Table 13 for question no.12
shows that the total respondents for studio apartment only is 35. Respondents who chose ₱2,500
to ₱5,500 are only 21 which is 60%, for respondents who chose ₱5,500 to ₱7,500 are only 14
which is 40%. No respondents chose ₱7,500 and above.

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Table 14
(Family apartment)
₱7,500 to ₱9,500 0 0%
₱9,500 to ₱11,500 3 100%
₱11,500 above 0 0%
Total 3 100%
Note: The frequency and percentage of respondents if they pick family apartment and
how much they are willing to pay for it are displayed in table 14. Table 14 for question no.13
shows that the total respondents for family apartment only are 3. No Respondents chose ₱7,500
to ₱9,500 which is equivalent to 0%. The same goes for ₱11,500 above, for respondents who
chose ₱9,500 to ₱11,500 are only 3 which is 100%
For research question no.8, the collected data from the questionnaire are tallied and
tabulated using the measures of central tendency, the mode. The mode is part of the 3 types of
measures central tendency, the mean, median mode.
Table 15
Statements Frequency
Budget and affordability 25
Noise tolerance 13
Choice of type of apartment 24

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Accessibility and proximity to public 37
Transportation
Amenities 29
Aesthetic 15
Note: The table shows the frequency of the statements of what the respondents are
usually looking for in an apartment. Table 15 for question no.8 shows that most of the
respondents chose accessibility and proximity to public transportation, next is the amenities, next
is budget and affordability, next is choice of apartment, next is the aesthetic and lastly, the noise
tolerance.
For research question no.9, the collected data from the questionnaire are tallied and
tabulated using the Likert scale. Likert scale is a type of rating scale that is used to measure
attitudes and opinions about a research topic.
(𝑭𝒙𝟓) + (𝑭𝒙𝟒) + (𝑭𝒙𝟑) + (𝑭𝒙𝟐) + (𝑭𝒙𝟏)

𝑨𝑾𝑷 =
𝑵𝒕
Where:
AWP= Average Weighted Point
F= Frequency
Nt= Number of total respondents
F1= Number of respondents answered very unlikely
F2= Number of respondents answered unlikely
F3= Number of respondents answered neutral
F4= Number of respondents answered likely
F5= Number of respondents answered very Likely

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Table 16
Statements Frequency Percentage
Very likely 29 58%
Likely 15 30%
Neutral 6 12%
Unlikely 0 0%
Very unlikely 0 0%
Total 50 100%
Table 16 for question no.9 used Likert scale to identify the weighted mean of every
statement. The table shows 50 respondents that answered the question “How convenient for you
is the location of barangay Carmay, Rosales, Pangasinan?” The table shows no respondents
answered very unlikely and unlikely, 29 respondents chose very likely, 15 respondents chose
likely, and 6 respondents chose neutral to represent their statement to question no. 9.
Table 17
Indicator-Statement Weighted Mean Equivalent
How convenient for you is 1.74 Very likely
the location of barangay
Carmay, Rosales,
Pangasinan?
56
Note: Table 17 for question no.9 is the continuation of the table 13. The table shows the
transmuted respondents of the question “How convenient for you is the location of barangay
Carmay, Rosales, Pangasinan?” was very likely and 1.74 average weighted mean, as collected by
the following indicator statements.

57
Chapter III: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter represents the data gathered and collected using the different data gathering
tools and procedures and presented, analyzed, and interpreted.
III.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data Gathered
Figure 5
Site Photography
Note: Presentation, Analysis, and Note: Presentation, Analysis, and

Interpretation Interpretation
Figure 6
The Site
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The selected site for the Proposed Redevelopment of a Low-Rise Vertical Apartment in
Rosales, Pangasinan. The site is located near the main road leading to the Rosales market area,
the access road to the lot is the barangay road of Carmay, East which has an area of 2,141 square
meters. The lot has a river at the back, and it is nearly surrounded by commercial buildings,
residential units, and government buildings.
It is an advantage that the selected site is near the said facilities. The Vertical Apartment
needs to be accessible to the business city to be convenient and to not give stress to the tenants
during rush hours.
As shown on the previous page, the site was photographed and carefully investigated. All
data gathered were used as a guide in establishing the site perimeters.
SWOT Analysis
Strength
• Cater a lot of tenants
• Maximize the space utilization
• Convenience of living in a residential area
• High concentration of business in the area
Weaknesses
• Higher noise Levels
• Higher cost of living

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Opportunity
• Near other public infrastructure such as PRC, LTO, Hospitals, and Department of Energy
• Near commercial spaces such as gasoline stations, convenience store, painting shops, etc.
• Along main road
• New apartment in the area
Threats
• Competition with other buildings
• It may be prone to flooding during rainy season because of the andulan creak on its
southwest side
3.1.1 Lot Details
Figure 7
Lot Description
60
Figure 8
Macro Analysis
Figure 9
Micro Analysis
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Site Analysis
Identification of Property
The property is located at 208 Corrales St., Zone IV, Rosales, Pangasinan, with Lot No.
1571-A with a total lot area of 2,141 square meters.
Site and Neighborhood Data
A parcel of residential lot approx. 50 meters from the Iglesia Ni Cristo or about 40 meters
from Nueva Vizcaya-Pangasinan Rd. readily accessible by land transportation. It has a total lot
area of 2,141 Sq. M. It has a frontage of 23.55 meters. The elevation relative to street is on road
level. The shape of the lot is in irregular shape.
3.2 Presentation and Analysis of Chromatic Energy
Color Psychology (the “Colour Affects” system)
The color is light, beauty and harmony, but also mental balance, comfort and excitement.
Colors in Architecture are necessary to embellish, highlight, illuminate and separate spaces - and
also to transmit sensations and comfort.

62
Figure 11
Color Sample
Note: For example: The color of a building is like the presentation of a product and acts as a
stimulus care to create a first impression, favorable or negative. The interior colors influence our
body, character, behavior, and mood.
1. RED
Effect: exciting, stimulating
Positive: passionate, fervid, active, strong, warm
Negative: intense, aggressive, raging, fierce, bloody
Character: Red is the most dominant and dynamic color. The eye has to adjust focus, since the
natural focal point of red lies behind the retina. Consequently, red appears closer than it is.
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2. BLUE
Effect: retiring, relaxing
Positive: calm, sober, secure, comfortable, noble
Negative: frightening, depressing, melancholy, cold
Character: Blue appears to be transparent, wet, cool, and relaxing. Opposite to red, blue will
decrease a person’s blood pressure and pulse rate.
3. YELLOW
Effect: cheering
Positive: sunny, cheerful, radiant, vital
Negative: egocentric, glaring
Character: When pure, yellow is the happiest of all colors. In radiates warmth, cheerfulness, and
inspiration and signifies enlightenment, and communication.
4. GREEN
Effect: retiring, relaxing
Positive: tranquil, refreshing, quiet, natural
Negative: common, tiresome, guilty
Character: Contrary to red, when looking at green the eye focuses exactly on the retina, which
makes green the most restful color to the eye. Green can symbolize nature but also mold and
sickness.
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5. VIOLET
Effect: subduing
Positive: dignified, exclusive
Negative: lonely, mournful, pompous, conceited
Character: Purple is a mixture of red and blue (the two colors that are psychologically most
opposed). Purple can appear delicate and rich, or unsettling and degenerate.
6. ORANGE
Effect: exciting, stimulating, cheering
Positive: jovial, lively, energetic, extroverted
Negative: intrusive, blustering
Character: Orange is less masculine than red. It has very few negative associations. However, it
may appear cheap or without vigor if low in saturation.
7. PINK
Effect: lively (bubble-gum pink), calming (light pink)
Positive: lively, calming, intimate
Negative: too sweet, weak
Character: Pink must be handled carefully. It is generally considered feminine, but depends
much on the nuance used (bubble-gum pink, or old rose)
8. GREY
Effect: neutral to calming
Positive: neutral
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Negative: boring
Character: Gray fails to have much psychotherapeutic application. Thus, the current fashion of
using it with various accent walls defies all logic.
9. BLACK
Effect: ominous
Positive: deep, abstract
Negative: dungeonlike, night, grief, death
Character: Black is associated with oppressive power, darkness, and the unknown. In
architecture, it is often used to make something appear as receding, such as the HVAC in a
ceiling.
10. WHITE
Effect: disconcerning
Positive: clean, crisp, bright
Negative: empty, sterile
Character: There are a lot of psychological and physiological justifications for not using white
as a dominant color.
11. BROWN
Effect: ominous
Positive: deep, abstract
Negative: dungeonlike, night, grief, death
Character: Black is associated with oppressive power, darkness, and the unknown. In
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architecture it is often used to make something appear as receding, such as the HVAC in a
ceiling.
3.1.2. Design Considerations
Main Building
• The users – The fundamental factor in every design revolves around the users'
characteristics of the structure.
• Accessibility – Residing in or around central business districts due to employment
facilitates convenient commuting to and from the workplace. The presence of an access
road must be visible or near the location.
• Sizes, areas, and shapes – The design should be planned for human scale. Always leave
enough space for furniture, appliances, and other related facilities, including the most
critical lanes or pathways for daily movements inside the house.
• Handicapped Provisions – Accommodation for physically challenged individuals must
be considered as prescribed by law B.P. 344
• Orientation – Ensuring the building is strategically placed to minimize artificial lighting
during the day involves considering factors such as the orientation and alignment with the
sunrise, sunset, and prevalent wind directions in the vicinity.
• Topography – the type of land where the structure is to be built must be kept in mind.
Carmay, East is situated at approximately 15.9044, 120.6366, on the island of Luzon.
Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 33.3 meters or 109.3 feet above mean sea
level.
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• Aesthetic – The design should embody simplicity to seamlessly integrate with its
surroundings, fostering an enriched living experience and instilling a feeling of comfort
and well-being.
Environmental Considerations
• Natural Ventilation – This initiative will enhance energy efficiency and enhance user
comfort. By incorporating this aspect, the introduction of fresh air into the unit will
contribute to the improvement of air quality.
• Daylight Access – Enhancing the health and mood of users, natural daylight not only
serves to elevate their well-being but also contributes to fostering energy efficiency and
heightened productivity among the individuals in question.
• Noise Tolerance – To enhance the well-being of occupants by mitigating the adverse
effects of noise, a strategic approach involves the incorporation of plants due to their
inherent capacity for sound absorption, alongside the utilization of materials designed for
noise insulation.
• Privacy – The assurance of privacy within the apartment not only imparts a profound
sense of security but also affords individuals the opportunity to lead their lives by their
comfort, all the while serving as a protective shield against unwarranted intrusions and
potential theft.
• Interior Decorations – Establishing a cozy living space that guarantees both comfort and
a positive atmosphere within the residence.

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3.3 Design Standard Guidelines
PD 1096 "National Building Code of the Philippines"
Section 105. Site Requirements
The land or site upon which will be constructed any building or structure, or any ancillary
or auxiliary facility thereto, shall be sanitary, hygienic, or safe. In the case of sites or buildings
intended for use as human habitation or abode, the same shall be at a safe distance, as determined
by competent authorities, from streams or bodies of water and/or sources of air considered to be
polluted; from a volcano or volcanic site and/or any other building considered to be a potential
source of fire or explosion.
Section 701. Occupancy Classified
(2) Group B – Residentials, Hotels and Apartments Group B Occupancies shall be multiple
dwelling units including boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment buildings, row
houses, convents, monasteries and other similar building each of which accommodates
more than 10 persons.
Section 704. Location on Property
(a) General
No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a public
space, yard or street on at least one of its sides. For the purpose of this Section, the center
line of an adjoining street or alley shall be considered an adjacent property line. Eaves
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over required windows shall not be less than 750 millimeters from the side and rear
property lines.
(b) Fire Resistance of Walls
Exterior walls shall have fire resistance and opening protection in accordance
with the requirements set forth by the Secretary. Projections beyond the exterior wall
shall not exceed beyond a point one-third the distance from an assumed vertical plane
located where the fire-resistive protection of openings is first required to the location on
the property whichever is the least restrictive. Distance shall be measured at right angles
from the property line. When openings in exterior walls are required to be protected due
to distance from the property line, the sum of the areas of such openings in any storey
shall not exceed 50 percent of the total area of the wall in that storey.
Section 707. Maximum Height of Buildings
The maximum height and number of storeys of every building shall be dependent
upon the character of occupancy and the type of construction as determined by the
Secretary considering population density, building bulk, widths of streets and car parking
requirements. The height shall be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or
ground surface: Provided, that the height measured from the lowest adjoining surface
shall not exceed such maximum height by more than 3.00 meters: Except, that towers,
spires, and steeples, erected as part of a building and not used for habitation or storage are
limited as to height only by structural design if completely of incombustible materials, or

70
may extend not to exceed 6.00 meters above the height limits for each occupancy group if
of combustible materials.
Section 709. Requirements for Other Group Occupancies
Subject to the provisions of this Code, the Secretary shall promulgate rules and
regulations for each of the other Group Occupancies covering: allowable construction,
height, and area; location on property, exit facilities, light, ventilation, and sanitation;
enclosures of vertical openings; fire extinguishing systems; and special hazards.
Section 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation
(a) Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of
Light and View, and to the provisions of this part of the Code, every building shall be
designed, constructed, and equipped to provide adequate light and ventilation.
(b) All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has
been duly approved.
(c) No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of any room
or the relative area of windows to less than that provided for buildings under this Code,
or to create an additional room, unless such additional room conforms to the requirements
of this Code.
(d) No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or
yard would be less than that prescribed for such building.

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Section 805. Ceiling Heights
(a) Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights
not less than 2.40 meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; Provided that for
buildings of more than one storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be
2.70 meters and that for the second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storeys shall have
an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the
finished floor. Above stated rooms with a natural ventilation shall have ceiling heights
not less than 2.70 meters.
(b) Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80 meters
above and below it.
Section 901. General Requirements
Subject to the provisions of Book II of the Civil Code of the Philippines on
Property, Ownership, and its Modification, all buildings hereafter erected, altered,
remodeled, relocated or repaired for human habitation shall be provided with adequate
and potable water supply, plumbing installation, and suitable wastewater treatment or
disposal system, stormwater drainage, pest and vermin control, noise abatement device,
and such other measures required for the protection and promotion of health of persons
occupying the premises and others living nearby.

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Section 1007. Doors and Windows
Doors, windows, and the like less than 2.40 meters above the pavement or
groundline shall not, when fully opened or upon opening, project beyond the property
line except fire exit doors.
RA 9514 " Fire Code of the Philippines"
Sec. 4. Applicability of the Code. - The provisions of the Fire Code shall apply to
all persons and all private and public buildings, facilities or structures erected or
constructed before and after its effectivity
Sec. 7. Inspection, Safety Measures, Fire Safety, Construction, and Protective
and/or Warning Systems. - as may be defined and provided by the rules and regulations,
owners, administrators or occupants of buildings, structures, and their premises or
facilities and other responsible persons shall be required to comply with the following, as
may be appropriate:
• Fire Protection features such as sprinkler systems, hose boxes, hose reels or standpipe
systems, and other firefighting equipment
• Fire alarm systems;
• Firewalls to separate adjoining buildings or warehouses and storage steps from their
occupancies in the same building
• Fire exit plan for each floor of the building showing the routes from each room to
appropriate exits displayed prominently on the door of such room.

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• Stairways, vertical shafts, horizontal exits, and other means of egress are sealed from
smoke and heat.
BP 220 "Socialized Housing Act"
Design Standards/Guidelines
Projects incorporating housing components shall comply with the following design
standards and guidelines.
c. Open Space Requirements
Open spaces shall be located totally or distributed anywhere within the lot in such a
manner as to provide maximum light and ventilation into the building.
e. Abutments
Abutments on the side and rear property lines may be allowed provided the following
requirements shall be complied with:
Building Design Standards (Applicable for both Economic and Socialized Housing)
a. Space Standards
Spaces within the dwelling structures shall be distributed in an economical, efficient, and
practical manner so as to afford the maximum living comfort and convenience and to ensure
health and safety among the occupants. It shall provide complete living facilities for one family
including provisions for living, sleeping, laundry, cooking, eating, bathing, and toilet facilities.
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b. Ceiling Heights
12. Minimum ceiling height for habitable rooms shall be measured from the finished
floor line to the ceiling line. Where ceiling are not provided, a minimum headroom
clearance of 2.0 meters shall provide.
Figure 10
Ceiling Height
c. Openings
a) A minimum of one entrance/exit shall be provided where the number of occupants is
not more than and 2 entrance/exits where the number of occupants is greater than 1.
b) Doors shall have a minimum clear height of 2.0 meters.
c) Minimum clear widths of doors shall be as follows:
1. Main door 0.8 m.
2. Service/Bedroom Doors 0.70 m.

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3. Bathroom Door 0.60 m.
Figure 11
Door Standard Dimensions
d. Windows
a) Rooms for habitable use shall be provided with windows with a total free area of
openings equal to at least 10% of the floor area of the room.
b) Required shall provide with window/s with an area not less than 1/20 of its floor area.
c) Required windows may open into a roofed porch
c.1 abuts court, yard, public street or alley, or open water course and other public
open space;
c.2 has a ceiling height of not less than 2.0 meters.
e. Winding and Circular Stairways
Winding and circular stairways may be used if the required width of run is provided at a
point not more than 300 millimeters from the side of the stairway where the treads are narrower
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but in no case shall any width of run be less than 150 millimeters at any point. The maximum
variation in the height of risers and the width of treads in any one fight shall be 5 millimeters.
f. Roofing
Roofing material that is impervious to water shall be provided.
g. Electrical Requirements
There shall be provided at least one light outlet and one convenience outlet per activity
area.
h. Interior Stairs
The stairs shall ensure structural safety for ascent and descent, even in extreme cases of
emergency, it shall afford adequate headroom and space for the passage of furniture.
a. Width. Stairways shall have a minimum clear width of 0.60 meter.
b. Riser and Run. Stairs shall have minimum riser height of 0.25 meter and a minimum tread
width of 0.20 meter. Stair treads shall be exclusive of nosing and/or other projections.
c. Landings. Every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of travel equal to
the width of the stairway. Maximum height between landing shall be 3.60 meters.
d. Landings. Every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction travel equal to the
width of the stairway. Maximum height between landing shall be 3.60 meters
e. Handrails. Stairways shall have at least one handrail on one side provided there is guard or
wall on the other side. However, stairways with less than 4 risers need to have handrails, and
stairs with either a guard or wall on one end need not be provided with a handrail on that end.
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f. Guard and Handrail Details. The design of guards and handrails and hardware for attaching
handrails to guards, balusters of masonry walls shall be such that these are made safe and
convenient.
Figure 12
Guard and Handrail Details
BP 344 “Accessibility Law”
Rule III No.2 “Architectural features and Facilities”
Appendix A – Minimum requirement for accessibility
1. Dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a gradient not more than 1:12
2. Handrails should be installed both sides of ramps and installed at 0.90 and 0.70 meters above
steps with great height installed may be at 1.0 M to 1.60 M.

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3. Signages. Directional and informational sign should be located at points conveniently seen
even by a person on a wheel chair and those with visual impairments.
B. Parking
1. Parking areas parking spaces for the disabled should allow enough space for a person to
transfer to a wheelchair from a vehicle;
4. Accessible Parking Slots should have a minimum width of 3.70 M.;
5. A walkway form accessible spaces of 1.20 M. Clear width shall be provided between the front
ends of parked cars;
C. Inside Building and Structures
1. Entrances should be accessible from arrival and departure points to the interior lobby;
2. Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 M;
8. Washrooms and Toilets
1. Accessible public washrooms and toilets shall permit easy passage of a wheelchair and allow
the occupant to enter a stall, close the door and transfer to the water closet form either a frontal
or lateral position;
4. Location of emergency exit
5. Audible and visible alarm systems
III.2 Summary of Findings and Result
Based on the gathered data from the conducted actual survey, the proposed low-rise
apartment in Brgy. Carmay, Rosales, Pangasinan is generally perceived by the respondents as a
good location due to the factors such as the commercial and public spaces nearby and
accessibility to transportations. The respondent’s demands, preferences and concerns serve as a

79
valuable insight for decision making regarding the development of the project. With the
encouraging findings of the survey, it seems that the proposed low-rise apartment in Rosales is
well-positioned for success and strong basis for its future prospects.
The survey conducted provided a firm result that the proposed project is indeed
attainable. The following results of the conducted are as follows:
• For students, based on the estimated monthly budget, 57.1% of the responses chose the
range of ₱10,000 to ₱25,000. And for employees, based on the estimated monthly
budget, 80.6% of the response chose the range of ₱12,000 to ₱50,000.
• Most of the respondents are currently renting an apartment ranges ₱5,000 to ₱10,000
• The respondents chose the lowest range with regards to water and electricity bills.
• The price range chosen for the studio type unit which comprises 50 responses, is
equivalent to 70%.
• The price range chosen for the two-bedroom type unit which comprises 13 responses, is
equivalent to 46.2%.
• The price range chosen for the family type unit which comprises 4 responses, is
equivalent to 75%.
Feasibility Study
Lot Area
Total Land Area Land Cost Total
2, 141 PHP 900 PHP 1,926,900

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Projected Project Construction Cost
Building Covered Construction Total Cost
Area (Sq.m) Rate/Sq.m (Php)
Ground Floor 350 PHP 25, 000 PHP 8,750,000
2nd Floor 350 PHP 25, 000 PHP 8,750,000
3rd Floor 350 PHP 25, 000 PHP 8,750,000
TOTAL PHP 26,250,000
Annual Income
Category No. Profit Total Profit Per Total

of
per Unit Month Annual
Units
Income
Studio 21 PHP 5,000 PHP 105,000 PHP

1,260,000
Apartment
2 Bedroom 12 PHP 9,000 PHP 108,000 PHP

1,296,000
81
Apartment
Family 3 PHP 11,500 PHP 34,500 PHP 414,000
Apartment
TOTAL PHP 2,970,000
Personnel Salary
Personnel No. Work Salary Total
of Personnel Per Month Per Month Annual
Salary
Secretary 1 30 DAYS PHP 16,000 PHP

192,000
Janitor 2 15 DAYS PHP 6,000 PHP

144,000
Building 1 2 DAYS PHP 2,000 PHP 24,000
Maintenance
TOTAL PHP
360,000
82
Operational Expenses Cost
Maintenance Expenses Per Month Total Annual Expenses
Electric 30KWH X PHP 10 =PHP 300 PHP PHP 3,600
Water PHP 450 (MINIMUM) PHP 4,500
TOTAL PHP 8,100
Tenant Fee No. of Monthly Fee Per Total Total

Tenants Person (Php) Monthly Fee Annual Fee
GARBAGE/ SECURITY/ 54 PHP 50 PHP 2,700 PHP 32,400

MAINTENANCE
TOTAL PHP 32,400
Total (AOE)
SALARY PHP 360,000
MAINTENANCE PHP 8,100
TENANT FEE (DEDUCTION) PHP 32,400
TOTAL AOE PHP 335,700

83
Annual Net Income
AGIS-AOE
PHP 2,970,000- PHP 335,700
ANI= PHP 2,634,300
Contingency
= 10% of Total Construction Cost
= PHP 2,625,000
Site Development Cost
= 3% of Land Cost
= PHP 57,807
Architect’s Fee
= 10% of Total Construction Cost
= PHP 2,625,000
LABOR COST
= 40% of Construction Cost
= PHP 10,500,000
84
Total Construction Cost
Project Construction Cost PHP 26,250,000
Architect’s Fee PHP 2,625,000
Labor Cost PHP 10,500,000
Contingency PHP 2,625,000
Land Cost PHP 1,926,900
Site Development Cost PHP 57,807
Grand Total Cost PHP 43,984,707
Return Of Investment (ROI)
Grand Total Construction Cost = Php 43,984,707 = 16.69 Says 17 Years
Total Annual Net Income Php 2,634,300
Building Covered Area Construction Total Cost
(Sq.m) Rate/Sq.m (Php)
Ground Floor 350 PHP 25, 000 PHP 8,750,000
2nd Floor 350 PHP 25, 000 PHP 8,750,000
3rd Floor 350 PHP 25, 000 PHP 8,750,000
TOTAL PHP 26,250,000

85
Architectural Drawings
Site Analysis
86
Design Concept
87
Concept plan
88
Concept Elevations
89
90
91
92
Site Perspective
93
Site Development Plan

94
References
Alicia Apartment - Apartments. (2018, January 7). Alicia Apartment, Manila.
https://www.aliciaapartment.com/apartments/
Anonymous. House Planning Considerations. Top-Notch Construction.
https://topnotchconstructionph.com/planning-considerations-in-construction/
Anonymous. (2023). Real Estate: Why is Accessibility Important in Buying a Property? Minami
Residences. https://minamiresidences.com.ph/importance-of-property-accessibility/
Barretto, Apple. “What Is Vertical Housing and How Can It Benefit You?” Pueblo de Oro, 13
July 2023, pueblodeoro.com/blog/vertical-housing/.
Crafted by Special Committee and Accessibility of the United Architects of the Philippines
(UAP). (1983). “Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations”. Signed by former President of the Philippines Ferdinand E. Marcos
Erg 6 Apartment Building / Arhitektu Birojs MG Arhitekti. (2016, February 28). ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/782744/erg-6-apartment-building-plus-arhitekty-birojs-mg-
architekti?ad_medium=office_landing&ad_name=article
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (1982). “Economic and Socialized Housing Project
Rural and Urban Areas”.
INSP Gabriel G. Solano, UAP. (2019). “Fire Code of the Philippines Revised 2019”. Book
Published and distributed by the Bureau of Fire Protection

95
Jain, Y. (2002). 5 Types of Research Design – Elements, Needs, and Characteristics.
EMERITUS. https://emeritus.org/in/learn/types-of-research-design/#what-is-a-research-
design
Luzville residences. (n.d.-a). Travelocity.com; Travelscape LCC, and Expedia Group Company.
https://www.travelocity.com/Naic-Hotels-Luzville-Residences.h24373764.Hotel-
Information
Napoleo, A. (2018). Socialized housing: A proposed vertical housing.
New Lindengarten Building / Volpatohatz. (2022, January 18). ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/975294/new-lindengarten-building-
volpatohatz?fbclid=IwAR35WggAR_zGQ69ahxgYZBR2fk_ONjbaEC_ZTPs8YsQ_CG
T4R6qL229xMj4
Redirect Notice. (n.d.). Www.google.com. Retrieved March 19, 2024, from
https://www.google.com/url?q=https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central-
1.amazonaws.com/public/docs/Rules%2520and%2520regulations%2520BP220%2520Re
vised.pdf&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwjn4rawrs-
EAxVBUGwGHT4hBfkQFnoECAUQBQ&usg=AOvVaw2dvCdS26t8FpujXvCaDH7z
Singh, S. (2023). What is Descriptive Research? Definition, Methods, Types, and Examples.
Researcher.Life. https://researcher.life/blog/article/what-is-descriptive-research-
definition-methods-types-and-examples/
Thakur, H. (2021). Research Methodolgy in Social Sciences (A Short Manual) (pp. 175).
ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353430802_Research_Design
96
Vicente B. Foz. (2023). National Building Code of the Philippines 2023 edition. Book Published
by Philippines Law Gazette

97
Appendices
a) Certification Letter
98
99
100
101
102
b) Request Letters
103
104
105
c) Approval Letter
106
d) Survey and Interview Form

107
108
109
110
Curriculum Vitae
111
112
113
114
115

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Balai: A Proposed Low-Rise Apartment in Rosales, Pangasinan

and grace, we not be able to finish this research.

following the path we have selected.

the necessary documents for our research proposal.

many late nights we've spent creating the research study.

possible directly or indirectly.

Chapter I: The Problem ............................................................................................................... 1

I.1 Background of the Study .................................................................................................. 2

I.1.1 Review of Related Literature .......................................................................................... 3

I.2 Framework of the Study....................................................................................................... 13

I.3 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................................ 15

I.4 Research Paradigm............................................................................................................... 16

I.5 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................... 17

I.5.1 Objective of the Study ...................................................................................................... 18

Chapter II: Design and Methodology ....................................................................................... 20

II.1 Research Design ................................................................................................................. 20

II.2 Population and Locale of the Study.................................................................................... 21

d) The Site and its Existing Condition................................................................................ 37

e) Source of Data ................................................................................................................ 44

II.3 Data Gathering Tools.......................................................................................................... 44

II.5 Treatment of Data ............................................................................................................... 47

Chapter III: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data ........................................... 57

III.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data Gathered ..................................................................... 57

III.2 Summary of Findings and Result ...................................................................................... 78

Feasibility Study .......................................................................................................................... 79

Architectural Drawings .............................................................................................................. 85

a) Certification Letter ............................................................................................................. 97

b) Request Letters................................................................................................................. 102

c) Approval Letter ................................................................................................................ 105

d) Survey and Interview Form ............................................................................................. 106

Curriculum Vitae ...................................................................................................................... 110

solutions that address an individual's needs for their home.

The research proposal focuses on creating a Redevelopment of a Low-Rise Vertical

Apartment in Rosales, Pangasinan. It also focuses on understanding the environmental impact of

strengthening bonds among neighbors.

Chapter I: The Problem

The Philippines is currently undergoing significant urbanization, characterized by the

limited environmental sustainability. Additionally, the locations of many of these buildings,

and other facilities.

Combining the advantages of a reduced environmental footprint with an increased sense of

urban development in metropolitan areas. By engaging in a thorough analysis of their existing

relevance and contribution to the urban landscape.

I.1 Background of the Study

In the advent of commercialization of Rosales, people have trooped in the locality in

a viable solution to address the challenges of overcrowding. By constructing multi-story

planning and resource allocation. Living in a condominium or apartment complex offers

researcher came up to an idea of proposing a Low-rise vertical apartment in Barangay Carmay

sustainability, efficient land utilization and convenience.

develop the project’s outcome.

I.1.1 Review of Related Literature

I.1.2 Foreign Related Works

Erg 6 Apartment Building, Latvia

Note. Facade of the Erg 6 Apartment building

construct the building's interior. (see Figure 1)

Erg 6 Apartment Building courtyard view

architectural style. (Archdaily, 2016)

New Lindengarten Building, Switzerland

Note. Perspective view of the New Lindengarten Building.

room are all located below ground. (see Figure 2)

Note. Façade showing its alternating balconies.

building's perimeter. (see Figure 2.1)

plants. (see Figure 2.2)

maintenance. (Archdaily, 2022)

I.1.3 Local Related Works